NAME : BHAVANANTHINI

CLASS: 1 CERDAS

TEACHER: MISS SHARIZAN SERMAN

 CONTENTS …..

1: WHAT IS HOMEOSTASIS ?
2: REGULATION OF WATER
CONTENT
3: REGULATION OF BODY
TEMPERATURE
4:HOMEOSTASIS IN
ANIMALS
5: HOMEOSTASIS IN
PLANTS
6: STOMA
7: IMPORTAMCE OF
HOMEOSTASIS
WHAT IS HOMEOSTASIS ?

HOMEOSTASIS : (H0meo : similar, stasis

: standing still) is a process 0f
regulating the internal
environment 0f the body to be in
balanced and stable condition.
The conditions inside our body must
be very carefully controlled if the
body is to function effectively.
Homeostasis is the maintenance of a
constant internal environment. The
nervous system and hormones are
responsible for this.
One example of homeostasis is the
concentration of carbon dioxide in
the blood being carefully
controlled. Here are some of the
other internal conditions that are
regulated:
Body temperature

This is controlled to maintain the

TEmpEraTurE aT whiCh ThE bOdy’S
enzymes work best, which is
usually 37°C.
Blood sugar level

This is controlled to provide cells

with a constant supply of glucose
for respiration. It is controlled by
the release and storage of
glucose, which is in turn
controlled by insulin.
Water content
This is controlled to protect cells
by stopping too much water from
entering or leaving them. Water
content is controlled by water
loss from:
the lungs - when we exhale
the skin - by sweating
the body - in urine produced by the
kidneys

the internal environment of an

organism always changes due to
the changes occur inside and
outside 0f the body.
When the internal environment of
an organism changes , homeostasis
occurs in the body
Negative feedback
Homeostatic control is achieved
using negative feedback
mechanisms:
 if the level of something rises,

control systems reduce it again

 if the level of something falls,

control systems raise it again.

Homeostasis in human
body
70% of human body mass is water
Every day, a large amount Excessive
of water is lost from the loss of water
body which needs to be makes us
replaced feel thirsty
and this can
An extra 6*c be fatal in
Our body rise in the the long
temperature body term
needs to be temperature
always can affect Therefore ,
maintaned the regulations
at 37*c functions of of water
body cells content and
and cause body
death temperature
are
important
homeostasis
to sustain
life
Regulations of water
CONTENT …
The system involved in the regulation of
water content are excretory system and
endocrine system

Regulation of water content in the body

can be achieved by controlling the volume
of urine production from the kidneys using
corrective mechanisms.
Increase in water level
When we drink a lot of water and sweat
less, the water contain in our body will
increase

The increase in water level in our body is

detected by the brain and corrective
mechanism occurs to stimulate the
secretion of a hormone so that the kidneys
will increase the urine production

As a result , high volume diluted urine will

be produced. Hence, the water level in the
body will decrease to the normal level

Decrease in the water

lEvEl…

On the other hand , when we drink less

water or sweat a lot , the water content in
our body will decrease.
the decrease in water level in our body is
detected by the brain and stimulates the
secretion of hormone so that the kidneys
will reduce the production of urine

as a result , very less and concentrated

urine will be produced. The water level in
our body will increase to normal level.

The regulation of body

TEmpEraTurE…

The skin in the excretory system and

hormone secreted by the endocrine system
play an important role in regulating the
body temperature .

When the body temperature deviates from

37* c , the change in the body temperature
will be detected by the brain and
corrective mechanism will act to restore
the body temperature to the normal range .
Corrective mechanisms control the
production of heat and loss of the heat
which involves the action of blood vessels,
sweat glands , hairs , skeletal muscles and
hormones.

In hot surrounding or during exercise , heat

loss will increase and heat production will
decrease. Hence, the temperature will
decrease and turn to normal

On the other hand , when the surrounding is

cold, the heat production will increase and
heat loss decrease.so, the temperature
will increase and return to normal .
Homeostasis in animals..

Homeostasis also occurs in animals

Cats
Cats skin is covered n fur, so cats cannot
mush heat through sweating . cats have the
most sweat glands on their paws ,but paw
have too small surface area too do much
cooling . therefore, cats always lick the
fur. When saliva evaporates, it provides
cooling effect, much like sweat do. This
helps to reduce the body temperature
efficiently.

Bees
Bees can reduce the loss of water through
spiracles on their body by closing the
spiracles between two breathing.
Snails
Snails produce mucus that coats their body
and reduces evaporation of water from
their skin surface . snails also seek out
shelter in damp places.

Like humans, mammals and bird are warm-blooded animals

{ homeotherms } that could regulate their body temperature to
be constant at normal level without being affected by the
surrounding temperature

Fish , amphibians and reptiles are cold-blooded animals [

poikilotherms] that cannot regulate their body temperature .The
body temperature of these animals varies with the temperature
of their surrounding.
hOmEOSTaSiS iN plaNTS…

Homeostasis helps plants to regulate their

water content when the surrounding or
weather changes.

Homeostasis allows plant cells to store

sufficient water . this could help the plants
to prevent withering or death during
droughts.

Plants lose water to the surrounding

through a process called transpiration

Transpiration
TRANSPIRATION IS A PROCESS OF LOSING WATER
FROM THE SURFACE OF A PLANT LEAVES IN FORM OF
WATER VAPOUR TO THE ATMOSPHERE THROUGH
STOMATA

TRANSPIRATION HELPS IN COOLING DOWN THE

PLANT WHEN THE WATER IS EVAPORATED.
AT THE SAME TIME , TRANSPIRATION CAUSES
MOVEMENT IN WATER TO OCCUR IN PLANTS , FROM
ROOTS TO LEAVES .THIS HELPS TO TRANSPORT
WATER And minerals in plants.
water is water and water
taken minerals evaporate
from soil are s through
trnsporte the stoma
into the
d to the in the form
xylem stem of water
tissue of through vapour,
roots by xylem transpira
the root tion on the
hair leaf
produces
a
produces
a force
that
draws
water
from
xylem up
to eaves
STOma…
A STOMA IS A TINY PORE A PAIR OF CELLS CALLED
GUARD CELLS ON THE LEAF AND USED FOR GAS
EXCHANGE AND ABSUORPTION OF WATER VAPOUR.

GUARD CELLS CONTROLS THE OPENING AND

closing of the stoma.

The opening of stoma will increase the

transpiration and the rate of water
absorption, while the closing of stoma will
reduce water loss.

OPENING OF STOMA …
DURING THE DAY, THE STOMA OPENS TO ALLOW GAS
EXCHANGE TO OCCUR. AT THE SAME TIME , WATER
VAPOUR IS ALSO LOSS THROUGH THE STOMA OF LEAF
THROUGH TRANSPIRATION . THIS INCREASE THE RATE
OF WATER INTAKE BY ROOTS. THE LEAF LOOKS
FRESH.

CLOSING OF STOMA
DURING A VERY HOT DAY { HIGH TEMPERATURE} ,
THE STOMA IS CLOSED TO REDUCE THE WATER LOSS
THROUGH TRANSPIRATION. THE LEAF WILTS UNDER A
HOT SUN.
Importance of
hOmEOSTaSiS…..

HOMEOSTASIS IS VERY IMPORTANT TO HUMANS AND ITHER

LIVING THINGS. WHEN HOMEOSTASIS IS INTERUPTED, THE
FUNCTIONS OF OUR BODY CELLS WILL BE DISRUPTED TOO.
THIS CAN LEAD TO ILLNESS AND DEATH. SO , WE SHOULD
BE GRATEFUL AND APPRECIATE TO HAVE BEEN GRANTED
WITH ESSENTIAL FOR SURVIVAL
THE
END