IEC 60099-5

®
Edition 3.0 2018-01

INTERNATIONAL
STANDARD

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inside

Surge arresters –
Part 5: Selection and application recommendations

INTERNATIONAL
ELECTROTECHNICAL
COMMISSION

ICS 29.120.50; 29.240.10 ISBN 978-2-8322-5075-4

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® Registered trademark of the International Electrotechnical Commission

 –2– IEC 60099-5:2018 © IEC 2018

CONTENTS

FOREWORD ........................................................................................................................... 9
1 Scope ............................................................................................................................ 11
2 Normative references .................................................................................................... 11
3 Terms and definitions .................................................................................................... 12
4 General principles for the application of surge arresters ................................................ 21
5 Surge arrester fundamentals and applications issues .................................................... 22
5.1 Evolution of surge protection equipment ............................................................... 22
5.2 Different types and designs and their electrical and mechanical
characteristics ...................................................................................................... 23
5.2.1 General ......................................................................................................... 23
5.2.2 Metal-oxide arresters without gaps according to IEC 60099-4 ........................ 24
5.2.3 Metal-oxide surge arresters with internal series gaps according to
IEC 60099-6 .................................................................................................. 34
5.2.4 Externally gapped line arresters (EGLA) according to IEC 60099-8................ 36
5.2.5 Application considerations ............................................................................. 39
6 Insulation coordination and surge arrester applications.................................................. 52
6.1 General ................................................................................................................. 52
6.2 Insulation coordination overview ........................................................................... 52
6.2.1 General ......................................................................................................... 52
6.2.2 IEC insulation coordination procedure ........................................................... 53
6.2.3 Overvoltages ................................................................................................. 53
6.2.4 Line insulation coordination: Arrester Application Practices ........................... 59
6.2.5 Substation insulation coordination: Arrester application practices .................. 64
6.2.6 Insulation coordination studies....................................................................... 68
6.3 Selection of arresters ............................................................................................ 70
6.3.1 General ......................................................................................................... 70
6.3.2 General procedure for the selection of surge arresters .................................. 70
6.3.3 Selection of line surge arresters, LSA ............................................................ 84
6.3.4 Selection of arresters for cable protection ...................................................... 93
6.3.5 Selection of arresters for distribution systems – special attention .................. 95
6.3.6 Application and coordination of disconnectors ............................................... 96
6.3.7 Selection of UHV arresters ............................................................................ 98
6.4 Standard and special service conditions ............................................................... 99
6.4.1 Standard service conditions ........................................................................... 99
6.4.2 Special service conditions ............................................................................. 99
7 Surge arresters for special applications ....................................................................... 103
7.1 Surge arresters for transformer neutrals ............................................................. 103
7.1.1 General ....................................................................................................... 103
7.1.2 Surge arresters for fully insulated transformer neutrals ................................ 103
7.1.3 Surge arresters for neutrals of transformers with non-uniform insulation ...... 103
7.2 Surge arresters between phases ......................................................................... 104
7.2.1 General ....................................................................................................... 104
7.2.2 6-arrester arrangement ................................................................................ 104
7.2.3 4-arrester (Neptune) arrangement ............................................................... 104
7.3 Surge arresters for rotating machines ................................................................. 105
7.4 Surge arresters in parallel ................................................................................... 106
IEC 60099-5:2018 © IEC 2018 –3–

7.4.1 General ....................................................................................................... 106

7.4.2 Combining different designs of arresters ...................................................... 107
7.5 Surge arresters for capacitor switching ............................................................... 107
7.6 Surge arresters for series capacitor banks .......................................................... 109
8 Asset management of surge arresters ......................................................................... 110
8.1 General ............................................................................................................... 110
8.2 Managing surge arresters in a power grid ........................................................... 110
8.2.1 Asset database ............................................................................................ 110
8.2.2 Technical specifications ............................................................................... 110
8.2.3 Strategic spares .......................................................................................... 110
8.2.4 Transportation and storage .......................................................................... 111
8.2.5 Commissioning ............................................................................................ 111
8.3 Maintenance ....................................................................................................... 111
8.3.1 General ....................................................................................................... 111
8.3.2 Polluted arrester housing ............................................................................. 112
8.3.3 Coating of arrester housings ........................................................................ 112
8.3.4 Inspection of disconnectors on surge arresters ............................................ 112
8.3.5 Line surge arresters ..................................................................................... 112
8.4 Performance and diagnostic tools ....................................................................... 112
8.5 End of life ........................................................................................................... 113
8.5.1 General ....................................................................................................... 113
8.5.2 GIS arresters ............................................................................................... 113
8.6 Disposal and recycling ........................................................................................ 113
Annex A (informative) Determination of temporary overvoltages due to earth faults ........... 114
Annex B (informative) Current practice .............................................................................. 118
Annex C (informative) Arrester modelling techniques for studies involving insulation
coordination and energy requirements ................................................................................ 119
C.1 Arrester models for impulse simulations .............................................................. 119
C.2 Application to insulation coordination studies ...................................................... 120
C.3 Summary of proposed arrester models to be used for impulse applications ......... 120
Annex D (informative) Diagnostic indicators of metal-oxide surge arresters in service ........ 122
D.1 General ............................................................................................................... 122
D.1.1 Overview ..................................................................................................... 122
D.1.2 Fault indicators ............................................................................................ 122
D.1.3 Disconnectors .............................................................................................. 122
D.1.4 Surge counters ............................................................................................ 122
D.1.5 Monitoring spark gaps ................................................................................. 123
D.1.6 Temperature measurements ........................................................................ 123
D.1.7 Leakage current measurements of gapless metal-oxide arresters ................ 123
D.2 Measurement of the total leakage current ........................................................... 128
D.3 Measurement of the resistive leakage current or the power loss.......................... 129
D.3.1 General ....................................................................................................... 129
D.3.2 Method A1 – Using the applied voltage signal as a reference ...................... 129
D.3.3 Method A2 – Compensating the capacitive component using a voltage
signal .......................................................................................................... 130
D.3.4 Method A3 – Compensating the capacitive component without using a
voltage signal .............................................................................................. 131
D.3.5 Method A4 – Capacitive compensation by combining the leakage
current of the three phases .......................................................................... 131
 –4– IEC 60099-5:2018 © IEC 2018

D.3.6 Method B1 – Third order harmonic analysis ................................................. 132

D.3.7 Method B2 – Third order harmonic analysis with compensation for
harmonics in the voltage .............................................................................. 133
D.3.8 Method B3 – First order harmonic analysis .................................................. 133
D.3.9 Method C – Direct determination of the power losses .................................. 133
D.4 Leakage current information from the arrester manufacturer ............................... 133
D.5 Summary of diagnostic methods ......................................................................... 135
Annex E (informative) Typical data needed from arrester manufacturers for proper
selection of surge arresters ................................................................................................. 136
Annex F (informative) Typical maximum residual voltages for metal-oxide arresters
without gaps according to IEC 60099-4 ............................................................................... 137
Annex G (informative) Steepness reduction of incoming surge with additional line
terminal surge capacitance ................................................................................................. 138
G.1 General ............................................................................................................... 138
G.2 Steepness reduction factor ................................................................................. 138
G.3 Equivalent capacitance associated with incoming surge fronts ............................ 140
G.3.1 General ....................................................................................................... 140
G.3.2 Examples of incoming surge steepness change, f s , using typical 550 kV
& 245 kV circuit parameters ......................................................................... 141
G.3.3 Change in coordination withstand voltage, U cw , with steepness
reduction, f s : ............................................................................................... 142
G.4 EMTP & capacitor charging models for steepness change comparisons at
line open terminal ............................................................................................... 142
G.5 Typical steepness (S 0 = 1000 kV/µs), change comparisons with C 0 & C s ............. 143
G.6 Faster steepness (2000 kV/µs), change comparisons with C o & C s ..................... 145
Annex H (informative) Comparison of the former energy classification system based
on line discharge classes and the present classification system based on thermal
energy ratings for operating duty tests and repetitive charge transfer ratings for
repetitive single event energies........................................................................................... 147
H.1 General ............................................................................................................... 147
H.2 Examples ............................................................................................................ 150
Annex I (informative) Estimation of arrester cumulative charges and energies during
line switching ...................................................................................................................... 155
I.1 Simplified method of estimating arrester line switching energies ........................ 155
I.1.1 Introduction ................................................................................................. 155
I.1.2 Simplified method calculation steps ............................................................. 156
I.1.3 Typical line surge impedances with bundled conductors .............................. 158
I.1.4 Prospective switching surge overvoltages .................................................... 158
I.1.5 Use of IEC 60099-4:2009 to obtain values for surge impedance and
prospective surge voltages .......................................................................... 159
I.2 Example of charge and energy calculated using line discharge parameters......... 160
I.3 Arrester line switching energy examples ............................................................. 164
I.3.1 General ....................................................................................................... 164
I.3.2 Case 1 – 145 kV .......................................................................................... 167
I.3.3 Case 2 – 242 kV .......................................................................................... 167
I.3.4 Case 3 – 362 kV .......................................................................................... 167
I.3.5 Case 4 – 420 kV .......................................................................................... 168
I.3.6 Case 5 – 550 kV .......................................................................................... 168
Annex J (informative) End of life and replacement of old gapped SiC-arresters .................. 180
J.1 Overview............................................................................................................. 180
J.2 Design and operation of SiC-arresters ................................................................ 180
IEC 60099-5:2018 © IEC 2018 –5–

J.3 Failure causes and aging phenomena ................................................................. 180

J.3.1 General ....................................................................................................... 180
J.3.2 Sealing problems ......................................................................................... 180
J.3.3 Equalization of internal and external pressure and atmosphere ................... 181
J.3.4 Gap electrode erosion ................................................................................. 181
J.3.5 Ageing of grading components ..................................................................... 182
J.3.6 Changed system conditions ......................................................................... 182
J.3.7 Increased pollution levels ............................................................................ 182
J.4 Possibility to check the status of the arresters .................................................... 182
J.5 Advantages of planning replacements ahead ...................................................... 182
J.5.1 General ....................................................................................................... 182
J.5.2 Improved reliability ...................................................................................... 183
J.5.3 Cost advantages .......................................................................................... 183
J.5.4 Increased safety requirements ..................................................................... 183
J.6 Replacement issues ............................................................................................ 183
J.6.1 General ....................................................................................................... 183
J.6.2 Establishing replacement priority ................................................................. 183
J.6.3 Selection of MO arresters for replacement installations ............................... 184
Bibliography ........................................................................................................................ 185

Figure 1 – Example of GIS arresters of three mechanical/one electrical column

(middle) and one column (left) design and current path of the three mechanical/one
electrical column design (right) ............................................................................................. 29
Figure 2 – Typical deadfront arrester .................................................................................... 30
Figure 3 – Internally gapped metal-oxide surge arrester designs ........................................... 35
Figure 4 – Components of an EGLA acc. to IEC 60099-8 ...................................................... 36
Figure 5 – Typical arrangement of a 420 kV arrester ............................................................. 41
Figure 6 – Examples of UHV and HV arresters with grading and corona rings ....................... 42
Figure 7 – Same type of arrester mounted on a pedestal (left), suspended from an
earthed steel structure (middle) or suspended from a line conductor (right ........................... 43
Figure 8 – Installations without earth-mat (distribution systems) ........................................... 44
Figure 9 – Installations with earth-mat (high-voltage substations) ......................................... 45
Figure 10 – Definition of mechanical loads according to IEC 60099-4:2014 ........................... 47
Figure 11 – Distribution arrester with disconnector and insulating bracket............................. 48
Figure 12 – Examples of good and poor connection principles for distribution arresters ........ 50
Figure 13 – Typical voltages and duration example for differently earthed systems ............... 54
Figure 14 – Typical phase-to-earth overvoltages encountered in power systems ................... 55
Figure 15 – Arrester voltage-current characteristics .............................................................. 56
Figure 16 – Direct strike to a phase conductor with LSA ....................................................... 61
Figure 17 – Strike to a shield wire or tower with LSA ............................................................ 62
Figure 18 – Typical procedure for a surge arrester insulation coordination study .................. 69
Figure 19 – Flow diagrams for standard selection of surge arrester ...................................... 73
Figure 20 – Examples of arrester TOV capability .................................................................. 74
Figure 21 – Flow diagram for the selection of NGLA ............................................................. 87
Figure 22 – Flow diagram for the selection of EGLA .............................................................. 91
Figure 23 – Common neutral configurations .......................................................................... 96
 –6– IEC 60099-5:2018 © IEC 2018

Figure 24 – Typical configurations for arresters connected phase-to-phase and phase-

to-ground ............................................................................................................................ 105
Figure A.1 – Earth fault factor k on a base of X 0 /X 1 , for R 1 /X 1 = R 1 = 0 .............................. 114
Figure A.2 – Relationship between R 0 /X 1 and X 0 /X 1 for constant values of earth fault
factor k where R 1 = 0 .......................................................................................................... 115
Figure A.3 – Relationship between R0/X1 and X0/X1 for constant values of earth fault
factor k where R 1 = 0,5 X 1 .................................................................................................. 115
Figure A.4 – Relationship between R 0 /X 1 and X 0 /X 1 for constant values of earth fault
factor k where R 1 = X 1 ........................................................................................................ 116
Figure A.5 – Relationship between R 0 /X 1 and X 0 /X 1 for constant values of earth fault
factor k where R 1 = 2X 1 ...................................................................................................... 116
Figure C.1 – Schematic sketch of a typical arrester installation ........................................... 119
Figure C.2 – Increase in residual voltage as function of virtual current front time ................ 120
Figure C.3 – Arrester model for insulation coordination studies – fast- front
overvoltages and preliminary calculation (Option 1) ............................................................ 121
Figure C.4 – Arrester model for insulation coordination studies – fast- front
overvoltages and preliminary calculation (Option 2) ............................................................ 121
Figure C.5 – Arrester model for insulation coordination studies – slow-front
overvoltages ....................................................................................................................... 121
Figure D.1 – Typical leakage current of a non-linear metal-oxide resistor in laboratory
conditions ........................................................................................................................... 124
Figure D.2 – Typical leakage currents of arresters in service conditions ............................. 125
Figure D.3 – Typical voltage-current characteristics for non-linear metal-oxide resistors ..... 126
Figure D.4 – Typical normalized voltage dependence at +20 °C .......................................... 126
Figure D.5 – Typical normalized temperature dependence at U c ......................................... 127
Figure D.6 – Influence on total leakage current by increase in resistive leakage current ..... 128
Figure D.7 – Measured voltage and leakage current and calculated resistive and
capacitive currents (V = 6,3 kV r.m.s) ................................................................................. 130
Figure D.8 – Remaining current after compensation by capacitive current at U c ................. 131
Figure D.9 – Error in the evaluation of the leakage current third harmonic for different
phase angles of system voltage third harmonic, considering various capacitances and
voltage-current characteristics of non-linear metal-oxide resistors ...................................... 132
Figure D.10 – Typical information for conversion to "standard" operating voltage
conditions ........................................................................................................................... 134
Figure D.11 – Typical information for conversion to "standard" ambient temperature
conditions ........................................................................................................................... 134
Figure G.1 – Surge voltage waveforms at various distances from strike location
(0,0 km) due to corona ........................................................................................................ 139
Figure G.2 – Case 1: EMTP Model: Thevenin equivalent source, line (Z,c) & substation
bus (Z,c) & Cap(C s )............................................................................................................. 142
Figure G.3 – Case 2: Capacitor Voltage charge via line Z: u(t) = 2×U surge × (1 – exp[-
t/(Z×C]) ............................................................................................................................... 143
Figure G.4 – EMTP model ................................................................................................... 143
Figure G.5 – Simulated surge voltages at the line-substation bus interface ......................... 144
Figure G.6 – Simulated Surge Voltages at the Transformer ................................................. 145
Figure G.7 – EMTP model ................................................................................................... 145
Figure G.8 – Simulated surge voltages at the line-substation bus interface ......................... 146
Figure G.9 – Simulated surge voltages at the transformer ................................................... 146
IEC 60099-5:2018 © IEC 2018 –7–

Figure H.1 – Specific energy in kJ per kV rating dependant on the ratio of switching
impulse residual voltage (U a ) to the r.m.s. value of the rated voltage U r of the arrester ...... 148
Figure I.1 – Simple network used for Arrester Line Discharge Calculation and Testing
according to IEC 60099-4:2009 ........................................................................................... 155
Figure I.2 – Linearized arrester equation in the typical line switching current range
(voltage values shown are for a 372 kV rated arrester used on a 420 kV system) ............... 156
Figure I.3 – Graphical illustration of linearized line switching condition and arrester
characteristic ...................................................................................................................... 157
Figure I.4 – Range of 2 % slow-front overvoltages at the receiving end due to line
energization and re-energization ......................................................................................... 159
Figure I.5 – Arrester class 2 & 3 voltages calculated by EMTP calculations: U ps2 and
U ps3 (V × 10 5 ) ................................................................................................................... 162
Figure I.6 – Class 2 & 3 arrester currents calculated by EMTP studies: I ps2 and I ps3
(A) .................................................................................................................................... 162
Figure I.7 – Arrester Class 2 & 3 cumulative charges calculated by EMTP simulation:
Q rs2 and Q rs3 (C) ............................................................................................................... 163
Figure I.8 – Arrester Class 2 & 3 cumulative absorbed energies calculated by EMTP
simulation: W s2 and W s3 (kJ/kV U r ) .................................................................................... 163
Figure I.9 – Typical Line Reclosing Computer Simulation Network ...................................... 164
Figure I.10 – Typical 550 kV Reclose Switching Overvoltage Profile along 480 km Line ...... 165
Figure I.11 – IEC LD based charge transfer, Q rs with varying arrester protective ratios ...... 166
Figure I.12 – IEC LD based switching energy, W th with varying arrester protective
ratios .................................................................................................................................. 166
Figure I.13 – U ps for 145 kV system simulation (V x 10 5 ) ................................................... 170
Figure I.14 – I ps for 145 kV system simulation (A) .............................................................. 170
Figure I.15 – 1 Cumulative charge (Q rs ) for 145 kV system simulation (C) .......................... 171
Figure I.16 – Cumulative energy (W th ) for 145 kV system simulation (kJ/kV U r ) .................. 171
Figure I.17 – U ps for 245 kV system simulation (V x 10 5 ) ................................................... 172
Figure I.18 – I ps for 245 kV system simulation (A) .............................................................. 172
Figure I.19 – Cumulative charge (Q rs ) for 245 kV system simulation (C) ............................. 173
Figure I.20 – Cumulative energy (W th ) for 245 kV system simulation (kJ/kV U r ) .................. 173
Figure I.21 – U ps for 362 kV system simulation (V x 10 5 ) ................................................... 174
Figure I.22 – I ps for 362 kV system simulation (A) .............................................................. 174
Figure I.23 – Cumulative charge (Q rs ) for 362 kV system simulation (C) ............................. 175
Figure I.24 – Cumulative energy (W th ) for 362 kV system simulation (kJ/kV U r ) .................. 175
Figure I.25 – U ps for 420 kV system simulation (V x 10 5 ) ................................................... 176
Figure I.26 – I ps for 420 kV system simulation (A) .............................................................. 176
Figure I.27 – Cumulative charge (Q rs ) for 420 kV system simulation (C) ............................. 177
Figure I.28 – Cumulative energy (W th ) for 420 kV system simulation (kJ/kV U r ) .................. 177
Figure I.29 – U ps for 550 kV system simulation (V x 10 5 ) ................................................... 178
Figure I.30 – I ps for 550 kV system simulation (A) .............................................................. 178
Figure I.31 – Cumulative charge (Q rs ) for 550 kV system simulation (C) ............................. 179
Figure I.32 – Cumulative energy (W th ) for 550 kV system simulation (kJ/kV U r ) .................. 179
Figure J.1 – Internal SiC-arrester stack ............................................................................... 181

Table 1 – Minimum mechanical requirements (for porcelain-housed arresters) ...................... 46

 –8– IEC 60099-5:2018 © IEC 2018

Table 2 – Arrester classification ............................................................................................ 78

Table 3 – Definition of factor A in formulas (14 and 15) for various overhead lines ................ 82
Table 4 – Examples for protective zones calculated by formula (16) for open-air
substations ........................................................................................................................... 83
Table 5 – Example of the condition for calculating lightning current duty of EGLA in
77 kV transmission lines ....................................................................................................... 90
Table 6 – Probability of insulator flashover in Formula (18) ................................................... 93
Table D.1 – Summary of diagnostic methods ...................................................................... 135
Table D.2 – Properties of on-site leakage current measurement methods ........................... 135
Table E.1 – Arrester data needed for the selection of surge arresters ................................. 136
Table F.1 – Residual voltages for 20 000 A and 10 000 A arresters in per unit of rated
voltage ................................................................................................................................ 137
Table F.2 – Residual voltages for 5 000 A, and 2 500 A arresters in per unit of rated
voltage ................................................................................................................................ 137
Table G.1 – C s impact on steepness ratio f s and steepness S n ........................................... 141
Table G.2 – Change in coordination withstand voltage, U cw ............................................... 142
Table H.1 – Peak currents for switching impulse residual voltage test ................................. 147
Table H.2 – Parameters for the line discharge test on 20 000 A and 10 000 A arresters...... 148
Table H.3 – Comparison of the classification system according to IEC 60099-4:2009
and to IEC 6099-4 2014 ...................................................................................................... 149
Table I.1 – Typical Arrester Switching (U ps vs I ps ) Characteristics .................................... 156
Table I.2 – Typical line surge impedances (Z s ) with single and bundled conductors ............ 158
Table I.3 – Line Parameters Prescribed by IEC 60099-4:2009 Line Discharge Class
Tests .................................................................................................................................. 159
Table I.4 – Line surge impedances and prospective surge voltages derived from line
discharge tests parameters of IEC 60099-4:2009 for different system voltages and
arrester ratings ................................................................................................................... 160
Table I.5 – Comparison of energy and charge calculated by simplified method with
values calculated by EMTP simulation – Base parameters from Table I.4, used for
simplified method and for EMTP simulation ......................................................................... 161
Table I.6 – Comparison of energy and charge calculated by simplified method with
values calculated by EMTP simulation – Calculations using simplified method .................... 161
Table I.7 – Comparison of energy and charge calculated by simplified method with
values calculated by EMTP simulation – I.5.(c) Results from EMTP studies ........................ 161
Table I.8 – Results of calculations using the ndifferent methods described for different
system voltages and arrester selection ............................................................................... 169
IEC 60099-5:2018 © IEC 2018 –9–

INTERNATIONAL ELECTROTECHNICAL COMMISSION

____________

SURGE ARRESTERS –

Part 5: Selection and application recommendations

FOREWORD
1) The International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) is a worldwide organization for standardization comprising
all national electrotechnical committees (IEC National Committees). The object of IEC is to promote
international co-operation on all questions concerning standardization in the electrical and electronic fields. To
this end and in addition to other activities, IEC publishes International Standards, Technical Specifications,
Technical Reports, Publicly Available Specifications (PAS) and Guides (hereafter referred to as “IEC
Publication(s)”). Their preparation is entrusted to technical committees; any IEC National Committee interested
in the subject dealt with may participate in this preparatory work. International, governmental and non-
governmental organizations liaising with the IEC also participate in this preparation. IEC collaborates closely
with the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) in accordance with conditions determined by
agreement between the two organizations.
2) The formal decisions or agreements of IEC on technical matters express, as nearly as possible, an international
consensus of opinion on the relevant subjects since each technical committee has representation from all
interested IEC National Committees.
3) IEC Publications have the form of recommendations for international use and are accepted by IEC National
Committees in that sense. While all reasonable efforts are made to ensure that the technical content of IEC
Publications is accurate, IEC cannot be held responsible for the way in which they are used or for any
misinterpretation by any end user.
4) In order to promote international uniformity, IEC National Committees undertake to apply IEC Publications
transparently to the maximum extent possible in their national and regional publications. Any divergence
between any IEC Publication and the corresponding national or regional publication shall be clearly indicated in
the latter.
5) IEC itself does not provide any attestation of conformity. Independent certification bodies provide conformity
assessment services and, in some areas, access to IEC marks of conformity. IEC is not responsible for any
services carried out by independent certification bodies.
6) All users should ensure that they have the latest edition of this publication.
7) No liability shall attach to IEC or its directors, employees, servants or agents including individual experts and
members of its technical committees and IEC National Committees for any personal injury, property damage or
other damage of any nature whatsoever, whether direct or indirect, or for costs (including legal fees) and
expenses arising out of the publication, use of, or reliance upon, this IEC Publication or any other IEC
Publications.
8) Attention is drawn to the Normative references cited in this publication. Use of the referenced publications is
indispensable for the correct application of this publication.
9) Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this IEC Publication may be the subject of
patent rights. IEC shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.

International Standard IEC 60099-5 has been prepared by IEC technical committee 37: Surge
arresters.

This third edition cancels and replaces the second edition published in 2013. This edition
constitutes a technical revision.

This edition includes the following significant technical changes with respect to the previous
edition regarding the new surge arrester classification introduced in IEC 60099-4:2014:

a) Expanded discussion of comparison between the old and new classification and how to
calculate or estimate the corresponding charge for different stresses.
b) New annexes dealing with:
– Comparison between line discharge classes and charge classification
– Estimation of arrester cumulative charges and energies during line switching
 – 10 – IEC 60099-5:2018 © IEC 2018

The text of this standard is based on the following documents:

FDIS Report on voting

37/437/FDIS 37/439/RVD

Full information on the voting for the approval of this standard can be found in the report on
voting indicated in the above table.

This publication has been drafted in accordance with the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2.

A list of all parts in the IEC 60099 series, published under the general title Surge arresters,
can be found on the IEC website.

The committee has decided that the contents of this publication will remain unchanged until
the stability date indicated on the IEC website under "http://webstore.iec.ch" in the data
related to the specific publication. At this date, the publication will be

• reconfirmed,
• withdrawn,
• replaced by a revised edition, or
• amended.

A bilingual version of this publication may be issued at a later date.

IMPORTANT – The 'colour inside' logo on the cover page of this publication indicates
that it contains colours which are considered to be useful for the correct
understanding of its contents. Users should therefore print this document using a
colour printer.
IEC 60099-5:2018 © IEC 2018 – 11 –

SURGE ARRESTERS –

Part 5: Selection and application recommendations

1 Scope

This part of IEC 60099 provides information, guidance, and recommendations for the
selection and application of surge arresters to be used in three-phase systems with nominal
voltages above 1 kV. It applies to gapless metal-oxide surge arresters as defined in
IEC 60099-4, to surge arresters containing both series and parallel gapped structure – rated
52 kV and less as defined in IEC 60099-6 and metal-oxide surge arresters with external series
gap for overhead transmission and distribution lines (EGLA) as defined in IEC 60099-8. In
Annex J, some aspects regarding the old type of SiC gapped arresters are discussed.

Surge arrester residual voltage is a major parameter to which most users have paid a lot of
attention to when selecting the type and rating. Typical maximum residual voltages are given
in Annex F. It is likely, however, that for some systems, or in some countries, the
requirements on system reliability and design are sufficiently uniform, so that the
recommendations of the present standard may lead to the definition of narrow ranges of
arresters. The user of surge arresters will, in that case, not be required to apply the whole
process introduced here to any new installation and the selection of characteristics resulting
from prior practice may be continued.

Annexes H and I present comparisons and calculations between old line discharge
classification and new charge classification.

2 Normative references

The following documents are referred to in the text in such a way that some or all of their
content constitutes requirements of this document. For dated references, only the edition
cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including
any amendments) applies.

IEC 60071-1:2006, Insulation co-ordination – Part 1: Definitions, principles and rules

IEC 60071-1:2006/AMD1:2010

IEC 60071-2:1996, Insulation co-ordination – Part 2: Application guide

IEC TR 60071-4, Insulation co-ordination – Part 4: Computational guide to insulation co-

ordination and modelling of electrical networks

IEC 60099-4:2009, Surge arresters – Part 4: Metal-oxide surge arresters without gaps for a.c.
systems

IEC 60099-4:2014, Surge arresters – Part 4: Metal-oxide surge arresters without gaps for a.c.
systems

IEC 60099-6:2002, Surge arresters – Part 6: Surge arresters containing both series and
parallel gapped structures – Rated 52 kV and less

IEC 60099-8:2011, Surge arresters – Part 8: Metal-oxide surge arresters with external series
gap (EGLA) for overhead transmission and distribution lines of a.c. systems above 1 kV
 – 12 – IEC 60099-5:2018 © IEC 2018

IEC 60507, Artificial pollution tests on high-voltage ceramic and glass insulators to be used
on a.c. systems

IEC TS 60815-1:2008, Selection and dimensioning of high-voltage insulators intended for use
in polluted conditions – Part 1: Definitions, information and general principles

IEC 62271-200, High-voltage switchgear and controlgear – Part 200: AC metal-enclosed

switchgear and controlgear for rated voltages above 1 kV and up to and including 52 kV

IEC 62271-203, High-voltage switchgear and controlgear – Part 203: Gas-insulated metal-
enclosed switchgear for rated voltages above 52 kV

3 Terms and definitions

For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply.

ISO and IEC maintain terminological databases for use in standardization at the following
addresses:

• IEC Electropedia: available at http://www.electropedia.org/

• ISO Online browsing platform: available at http://www.iso.org/obp
NOTE These terms follow standard definitions as close as possible, but are not in all cases exact citations of
definitions in other IEC standards.

3.1
arrester – dead-front type, dead-front arrester
arrester assembled in a shielded housing providing system insulation and conductive earth
shield, intended to be installed in an enclosure for the protection of underground and pad
mounted distribution equipment and circuits

Note 1 to entry: Most dead-front arresters are load-break arresters.

Note 2 to entry: The use of dead-front arresters is common in the USA.

3.2
arrester disconnector
device for disconnecting an arrester from the system in the event of arrester failure, to
prevent a persistent fault on the system and to give visible indication of the failed arrester

Note 1 to entry: Clearing of the fault current through the arrester during disconnection generally is not a function
of the device.

3.3
arrester – liquid-immersed type
arrester designed to be immersed in an insulating liquid

3.4
arrester – separable type, separable arrester
arrester assembled in an insulated or screened housing providing system insulation, intended
to be installed in an enclosure for the protection of distribution equipment and systems

Note 1 to entry: Electrical connection may be made by sliding contact or by bolted devices; however, all
separable arresters are dead-break arresters.

Note 2 to entry: The use of separable arresters is common in Europe.