Brkewn 2439
Brkewn 2439
Brkewn 2439
Wireless Expert
Steven Heinsius
Global Solution Specialists |
Cisco DNA Software Specialists
Sofya Strunskaya
Cisco Systems Engineer
BRKEWN-2439
#7NWTF
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Agenda
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About Steven….
@Steven_Heinsius
3 Years as an End User
5 Years as a Partner
6 Years as a Distributor
10 Years at Cisco
14 Years Instructor
› Cook › Singer
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About Sofya...
@SofyaStrunskaya
• Cisco Sales Program Participant in
Prague
• Systems Engineer working with
customers in EMEAR
• Systems Engineer working with
customers in Russia
› Yoga › Surfing
› Hiking
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So… why these sessions?
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How it all
began…
© 2020 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Public
There are 14
7 ways to Fail
+ 6 on WiFi 6! – premier on 30.01 room C119
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Some special credits
Vendor Blogs
Ethereal Mind Blog WiFi Insights
Cisco Full Bars (Wireless Tuesday)
Fierce Wireless No Strings Attached WiFi KiWi
Cisco Mobility Blog
FineSine.com Show WiFi Nigel
CWNP
Frame by Frame Packet6.com WiFi Todd
Ekahau WiFi Design Blog
GCate WiFi RCR Wireless News WiredNot
GBR Networks Blog
GestaltIT RevolutionWiFi Wireless Geek
MetaGeek
Great White Wi-Fi RobRobStation Forums
Oberon Blog ★
In Search Of Tech SC WiFi Wireless Nerd
On the Fly WiFI by Extreme Networks
Jennifer Huber SniffWiFi.com WirelessStew
The Ruckus Room
Just Do WiFi TechFieldDay WFD WLANBook
Krebs On Security Videos WLANPros
Me, Myself, and … The Hacker News
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Steven’s Famous
Twenty
@Steven_Heinsius
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But before we continue…
A short Wi-Fi Dictionary
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802.11
association process
1) Discovery
© 2020 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Public
802.11 Association
0
1
2
3
4
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Beacons
© 2020 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Public
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Beacons
SSID
Supported Data rates
Channel used
Channel width
Encryption type
Authentication type
Traffic Indication Map (TIM)
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iBeacons
iBeacons
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Modulation
Modulation
© 2020 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 28
Dynamic Rate Shifting (DRS) & Modulation
(given 2 spatial streams, 20 MHz channels & 400 NS GI)
144.4 Mbps 130.3 Mbps 115.6 Mbps 86.7 Mbps 57.8 Mbps 43.3 Mbps 28.9 Mbps
(MCS 15) (MCS 14) (MCS 13) (MCS 12) (MCS 11) (MCS 10) (MCS 9)
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Modulation
© 2020 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Public
Modulation
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Modulation
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Modulation
#7NWTF
AWESOME!
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@RevolutionWifi BRKEWN-2439 © 2020 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 34
@RevolutionWifi BRKEWN-2439 © 2020 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 35
Awesome!
Get It?
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Utilization vs Airtime
Utilization vs Airtime
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Multiple In,
Multiple Out
MIMO
Multiple In, Multiple Out - MIMO
• Part of 802.11n
• Dramatically improved
performance
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MIMO Radio Design
Transmit Receive Spatial
(TX) (RX) Streams
1X1 : 1
2X2 : 2
3X3 : 2
3X3 : 3
3X4 : 3
4X4 : 3
4X4 : 4
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Spatial Streams 802.11n (40 MHz 802.11ac (40 MHz 802.11ax (40 MHz
wide) wide) wide)
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Wireless
Access
Point
© 2020 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Public
Multi User MIMO
© 2020 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Public
Wireless
Access
Point
OFDMA
© 2020 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Public
Wireless Access
Point Architecture
For better understanding…
© 2020 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Public
Standard AP
5 GHz Radio
Our friend
the waiter
DRAM
CPU
(512Mb)
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Cisco HDX AP
DRAM
CPU
(512Mb)
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Same restaurant
© 2020 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Public
Intent based infrastructure
Wireless access points
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* Three Letter Acronyms
Some more
Wireless TLA’s*
WEP
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WAP
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WPA
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WPA2
• Use CCMP
• Use AES encryption
• PSK (Personal) mode
• Enterprise mode 802.1X
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WPA3
• Simultaneous authentication of
Equals (SAE)
• PMK per client, used in the 4-Way
Handshake
• New handshake (dragonfly)
• WPA3 Personal
• WPA3 Enterprise
• Better support for IoT devices
• Mass adoption expected in 2020
• 802.11ax
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OK, before we close this part…
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802.11
© 2020 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Public
Bandwidth & Data rate
802.11 Frequency Data rate Channels Channels ‘usable’
a 5 GHz 54 Mbps 24 24
b 2.4 GHz 11 Mbps 13 3
g 2.4 GHz 54 Mbps 13 3
* = 802.11ac Wave 2** = 802.11ac Wave 2 (US) BRKEWN-2439 © 2020 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 63
abcd…xyz
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802.11i
• Enhanced Security
• Introduced 802.1X (WPA2 Enterprise)
• Commonly known as WPA2
• TKIP & CCKM 802.11i
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802.11k
• RRM Measurements
• Neighboring AP’s
• Neighboring clients
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No worries
802.11r Bro, I’ve
already
got your
Fast Secure Roaming credentials.
© 2020 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Public
802.11v
© 2020 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Public
So we ran out of letters…
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802.11ad
• Low Power
• Short Distance (+/- 10m)
• ‘in room’ use
• ~4.6 Gbps
• 60 GHz
© 2020 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Public
802.11ay
© 2020 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Public
802.11af
• Low Power
• Long Distance
• Low Data rate
• ~30 Mbps
• Sub 1 GHz
• Typically used for IoT
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802.11ah
• Sub 1 GHz
• Primarily 700 & 900 MHz
• Long Range
• Up to ~350 Mbps
• Typically used for IoT
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802.11ax
2.4 & 5 GHz
MU-MIMO,
Upstream & Downstream
Simultaneous Data.
High Density environments use
~10Gig, OFDMA.
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802.11ax
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Cisco’s Next Gen Wireless Stack is Ready for Scale Deployments
Enabling next-generation mobility powered for Wi-Fi 6
Managed by Digitized by
Cisco DNA Center Cisco DNA Spaces
Translate business intent into network policy Digitize people, spaces and things
and capture actionable insights
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Catalyst Wireless Stack Innovations
Catalyst 9800 Cisco DNA-C Innovations on
Launched Assurance Wireless Stack
WLC SMU AI/ML Base Analytics ISSU
AP SP and AP DP App Visibility and Experience IoT Gateway
Programmability Intelligent Capture Open Roaming
Encrypted Traffic Analytics Network Sensor BLE Management
Software Define Access Apple, Samsung Analytics 11ax Analytics
iPSK, Rogue, wIPS
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Cool, you’ve got this all.
Let’s have a look at some fails.
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New ways to fail…
So what did I miss?
#7WTF
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Fail
Incorrect usage of channels
#7WTF
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Parking master
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Simple Rule
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Fail
Putting your AP’s on
Maximum power
#7WTF
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I use Maximum Power because…
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It’s not the best idea because…
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Simple Rule
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Fail
2.4 GHz is still the most important…
#7WTF
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2.4 GHz is still the most important
“NO"
© 2020 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Public
Simple Rule
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Fail
Placements…
#7WTF
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Placements… Really? Does it matter?
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Other options…
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Simple Rule
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Fail
Underestimating Security…
#7WTF
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Username: Admin
Password: Admin
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Simple Rule
Security is a Process,
not a Product
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Fail
Hype versus reality
#7WTF
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Expectations versus Reality…
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Simple Rule
Wave62isisnice,
WiFi nice,but
butthe
theMagic
Magic
is in the AP architecture
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Fail
No (proper) Site Survey
#7WTF
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© 2020 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Public
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Simple Rule
No Survey – No Wi-Fi
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I want to relive this… where do I go?
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Alright…
show me the new stuff!
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Fail
Rip ‘n Replace…
Like 4 Like
#7WTF
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You decide to upgrade…
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© 2020 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Public
So you had your installer
upgrade your existing Infra
for the latest and greatest AP’s…
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Like 4 Like upgrades
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1142’s are not the same as 2802’s
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Simple Rule
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Fail
BYOA
#7WTF
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You already know…
BYOD
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More and more companies support now
BYOD
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Really? We’re going to talk about BYOD?
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Well some people take that quite far…
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Bring your own AP…
You’ll be surprised…
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“Shadow IT”
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This definitely works…
However…
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Security…
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Identify rogue devices
Cisco DNA Center
Rogue Management
Visualize
Detect
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Secure architecture - Software Defined Access
Identity
DNA Center
Services
ISE
VXLAN B B
Data plane
C
Fabric Enabled
Access Points
SD-Access
Fabric
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SDA Wireless Value Proposition
Operation Simplification
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Simple Rule
A Rogue AP should
never have IP
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Fail
Supporting
legacy devices…
#7WTF
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We have to keep on supporting…
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Wireless clients requirements
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Best Practices
• a 5 GHz only network and coverage design for all devices. All
legacy devices – to a separate SSID.
• managing data rates.
• configuring 802.11k and 802.11v on the WLAN.
• check DNAC Assurance Issues, Prime Infrastructure or WLC for
channel utilization and APs changing channels frequently.
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Simple Rule
Legacy Devices on a
Separate SSID
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Fail
Design for Coverage
#7WTF
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Do yourself a favour
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1 Mbps
© 2020 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Public
18 Mbps 18 Mbps
1 Mbps
6 Mbps
9 Mbps
12 Mbps 18 Mbps
18 Mbps
24 Mbps 18 Mbps
24 Mbps
18 Mbps
24 Mbps
24 Mbps
18 Mbps
24 Mbps 18 Mbps
24 Mbps
Start disabling the lower data rates © 2020 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Public
Bad roaming be like…
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Roaming Lowest mandatory rate = Broadcast
Highest mandatory rate = Multicast
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I can’t say it enough…
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Simple Rule
a Smaller Cell =
Better Performance
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Fail
Dirty air
#7WTF
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Let’s have a look at some ‘Dirty Air’
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So here I am…
With my…
With my…
A
With my…
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© 2020 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Public
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So we need
Spectrum and
actionable insights
Real Time Spectrum Analyzers with DNAC
• Persistent FFT
• Swept Spectrogram
• Interferers with
impacted BW
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Wireless Sensors proactively assess
performance
Test your network with existing APs at any time
• On-boarding tests
• 802.11 Association
• 802.11 Authentication and key exchange
• IP Addressing DHCP Access point
• Network tests
Sensors act as
• DNS
clients
• RADIUS
• First hop router/default gateway
• Application tests
• Email: POP3, IMAP, Outlook Web Access
• File transfer: FTP Dedicated Sensor AP1800
• Web: HTTP and HTTPS
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Simple Rule
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Fail
Listen to the Architect
#7WTF
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One of the most common mistakes…
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And what do you do with things that are Ugly?
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With Wi-Fi…
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-3 dB
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-3 dB -3 dB
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RF Mathematics
Rules of 10 and 3
• 3 dB gain = mW * 2
• 3 dB loss = mW / 2
• 10 dB gain = mW * 10
• 10 dB loss = mW / 10
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70% of the clients in
your network are?
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Maximum transmission on Wi-Fi?
25 mW = 14 dBm
© 2020 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Public
So…
(RF Mathematics continued…)
20 dBm 100 mW
17 dBm 50 mW
14 dBm 25 mW
11 dBm 12.5 mW
8 dBm 6.25 mW
5 dBm 3.12 mW
2 dBm 1.6 mW
0 dBm 1 mW
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-3 dB
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So…
AHA! BRKEWN-2439 © 2020 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 179
Introducing…
C97- 742281 - 00 © 2019 Cisco and/ or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential
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So …
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Fail
The Installer is always right
#7WTF
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You made a perfect design
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And they do ‘their interpretation’
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Simple Rule
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Before we finish
There’s been a lot of changes since the beginning of
networking.
Think Impact
Our devices Our infrastructure
Our applications Our priorities
Our use cases Our budgets
Our locations Our security
Our way of working… Our way of thinking…
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Today
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There’s a lot you can do wrong
by going Wireless
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But it’s not always the Wi-Fi to blame…
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There’s a lot you can do right.
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Build your house…
Data Rates
Transmission (Tx)
Channelization
Power
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In closure…
Steven’s Famous
Twenty
Reach me out on Twitter
@Steven_Heinsius
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30% discount
WiFi Explorer and
WiFi Explorer Pro
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Remember…
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BRKEWN-2439 © 2020 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 204
But if you search…
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802dotMe Mike Albano Transmit Failure
Adrian Granados MRNCCIEW Ultimate Wi-Fi
Badger-Fi My80211.com Weapons Grade WiFi
7Signal
DaleWiFiSec Net Gain WiFiBlog.com
Aerohive Boundless Blog
DivDyn.net blog NetworkComputing.c WiFiCert.org
Airtight Networks
dot11Nate om Wi-Fi Experts
The Art of WiFi by CommunicaONE
Independent Blogs
Vendor Blogs
Ethereal Mind Blog WiFi Insights
Cisco Full Bars (Wireless Tuesday)
Fierce Wireless No Strings Attached WiFi KiWi
Cisco Mobility Blog
FineSine.com Show WiFi Nigel
CWNP
Frame by Frame Packet6.com WiFi Todd
Ekahau WiFi Design Blog
GCate WiFi RCR Wireless News WiredNot
GBR Networks Blog
GestaltIT RevolutionWiFi Wireless Geek
MetaGeek
Great White Wi-Fi RobRobStation Forums
Oberon Blog ★
In Search Of Tech SC WiFi Wireless Nerd
On the Fly WiFI by Extreme Networks
Jennifer Huber SniffWiFi.com WirelessStew
The Ruckus Room
Just Do WiFi TechFieldDay WFD WLANBook
Krebs On Security Videos WLANPros
Me, Myself, and … The Hacker News
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Continue your education
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Thank you
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