Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)

Situation Report – 51
Data as reported by national authorities by 10 AM CET 11 March 2020

HIGHLIGHTS SITUATION IN NUMBERS

total and new cases in last 24
• WHO Director-General in his regular media briefing today stated that WHO hours
has been assessing this outbreak around the clock and we are deeply
concerned both by the alarming levels of spread and severity, and by the Globally
alarming levels of inaction. WHO therefore have made the assessment that 118 326 confirmed (4627 new)
COVID-19 can be characterized as a pandemic. For detailed information, 4292 deaths (280 new)
please see here.
China
80 955 confirmed (31 new)
• Four new countries/territories/areas (Bolivia [Plurinational State of], Jamaica,
3162 deaths (22 new)
Burkina Faso and Democratic Republic of the Congo) have reported cases of
COVID-19 in the past 24 hours. Outside of China
37 371 confirmed (4596 new)
• The COVID-19 virus infects people of all ages. However, evidence to date 1130 deaths (258 new)
suggests that two groups of people are at a higher risk of getting severe 113 countries/territories/
COVID-19 disease. These are older people; and those with underlying medical areas (4 new)
conditions. WHO emphasizes that all must protect themselves from COVID-19
in order to protect others. For more information, please see ‘subject in focus’. WHO RISK ASSESSMENT
• On 10 March, the IFRC, UNICEF and WHO issued a new guidance to help
China Very High
protect children and schools from transmission of the COVID-19 virus. The Regional Level Very High
guidance provides critical considerations and practical checklists to keep Global Level Very High
schools safe. More information can be found here.

Figure 1. Countries, territories or areas with reported confirmed cases of COVID-19, 11 March 2020
SUBJECT IN FOCUS: Risk Communication guidance - COVID-19, older adults and people
with underlying medical conditions

The virus that causes COVID-19 infects people of all ages. However, evidence to date suggests that two groups of
people are at a higher risk of getting severe COVID-19 disease. These are older people (that is people over 60 years
old); and those with underlying medical conditions (such as cardiovascular disease, diabetes, chronic respiratory
disease, and cancer). The risk of severe disease gradually increases with age starting from around 40 years. It’s
important that adults in this age range protect themselves and in turn protect others that may be more vulnerable.

WHO has issued advice for these two groups and for community support to ensure that they are protected from
COVID-19 without being isolated, stigmatized, left in a position of increased vulnerability or unable to access basic
provisions and social care. This advice covers the subject of receiving visitors, planning for supplies of medication and
food, going out safely in public and staying connected with others through phone calls or other means. It is essential
that these groups are supported by their communities during the COVID-19 outbreak. WHO emphasizes that all
people must protect themselves from COVID-19, which will also protect other.

Key advice for older adults and people with pre-existing conditions:

When you have visitors to your home, exchange “1 metre greetings”, like a wave, nod,
or bow.

Ask visitors and those you live with to wash their hands.

Regularly clean and disinfect surfaces in your home, especially areas that people touch
a lot.

If someone you live with isn’t feeling well (especially with possible COVID-19
symptoms), limit your shared spaces.

If you become ill with symptoms of COVID-19, contact your healthcare provider by
telephone before visiting your healthcare facility.

Make a plan in preparation for an outbreak of COVID-19 in your community.

When you go out in public, follow the same preventative guidelines as you would at
home.

Stay up to date using information from reliable sources.

SURVEILLANCE

Table 1. Confirmed and suspected cases of COVID-19 acute respiratory disease reported by provinces, regions and
cities in China, Data as of 11 March 2020

Province/ In last 24 hours Cumulative

Population
Region/ Confirmed
(10,000s) Suspected Confirmed
City cases Deaths Deaths
cases cases
Hubei 5917 13 6 22 67773 3046
Guangdong 11346 0 1 0 1353 8
Henan 9605 0 0 0 1272 22
Zhejiang 5737 0 0 0 1215 1
Hunan 6899 0 0 0 1018 4
Anhui 6324 0 0 0 990 6
Jiangxi 4648 0 0 0 935 1
Shandong 10047 1 0 0 759 6
Jiangsu 8051 0 0 0 631 0
Chongqing 3102 0 0 0 576 6
Sichuan 8341 0 0 0 539 3
Heilongjiang 3773 1 0 0 482 13
Beijing 2154 6 2 0 435 8
Shanghai 2424 2 18 0 344 3
Hebei 7556 0 0 0 318 6
Fujian 3941 0 0 0 296 1
Guangxi 4926 0 0 0 252 2
Shaanxi 3864 0 0 0 245 1
Yunnan 4830 0 1 0 174 2
Hainan 934 0 0 0 168 6
Guizhou 3600 0 0 0 146 2
Tianjin 1560 0 2 0 136 3
Shanxi 3718 0 0 0 133 0
Liaoning 4359 0 1 0 125 1
Gansu 2637 1 0 0 125 2
Hong Kong SAR 745 5 0 0 120 3
Jilin 2704 0 0 0 93 1
Xinjiang 2487 0 0 0 76 3
Ningxia 688 0 0 0 75 0
Inner Mongolia 2534 0 0 0 75 1
Taipei and environs 2359 2 0 0 47 1
Qinghai 603 0 0 0 18 0
Macao SAR 66 0 0 0 10 0
Xizang 344 0 0 0 1 0
Total 142823 31 31 22 80955 3162
Table 2. Countries, territories or areas outside China with reported laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 cases and
deaths. Data as of 11 March 2020*
Total Total Total Days since last
Reporting Country/ ‡ Total Transmission
confirmed confirmed new reported case
Territory/Area† deaths classification§
cases new cases deaths
Western Pacific Region
Republic of Korea 7755 242 60 6 Local transmission 0
Japan 568 54 12 3 Local transmission 0
Singapore 166 6 0 0 Local transmission 0
Malaysia 129 12 0 0 Local transmission 0
Australia 112 20 3 0 Local transmission 0
Philippines 49 16 1 0 Local transmission 0
Viet Nam 35 4 0 0 Local transmission 0
New Zealand 5 0 0 0 Local transmission 4
Cambodia 3 1 0 0 Local transmission 0
Brunei Darussalam 1 0 0 0 Imported cases only 1
Mongolia 1 0 0 0 Imported cases only 1
European Region
Italy 10149 977 631 168 Local transmission 0
France 1774 372 33 3 Local transmission 0
Spain 1639 615 36 8 Local transmission 0
Germany 1296 157 2 0 Local transmission 0
Switzerland 491 159 3 1 Local transmission 0
Netherlands 382 61 4 1 Local transmission 0
The United Kingdom 373 50 6 3 Local transmission 0
Sweden 326 78 0 0 Local transmission 0
Norway 277 85 0 0 Local transmission 0
Belgium 267 28 0 0 Local transmission 0
Denmark 262 172 0 0 Local transmission 0
Austria 182 51 0 0 Local transmission 0
Greece 89 16 0 0 Local transmission 0
Israel 75 36 0 0 Local transmission 0
San Marino 63 14 2 0 Local transmission 0
Czechia 61 23 0 0 Local transmission 0
Iceland 61 0 0 0 Local transmission 1
Portugal 41 11 0 0 Local transmission 0
Finland 40 0 0 0 Local transmission 1
Ireland 34 10 0 0 Local transmission 0
Slovenia 31 8 0 0 Local transmission 0
Romania 25 10 0 0 Local transmission 0
Georgia 23 8 0 0 Imported cases only 0
Poland 22 6 0 0 Local transmission 0
Croatia 16 4 0 0 Local transmission 0
Estonia 13 3 0 0 Imported cases only 0
Hungary 13 4 0 0 Local transmission 0
Serbia 12 11 0 0 Local transmission 0
Albania 10 8 0 0 Local transmission 0
Bulgaria 10 6 0 0 Local transmission 0
Azerbaijan 9 0 0 0 Imported cases only 4
Belarus 9 3 0 0 Local transmission 0
Latvia 8 2 0 0 Imported cases only 0
North Macedonia 7 0 0 0 Local transmission 1
Russian Federation 7 0 0 0 Imported cases only 4
Slovakia 7 0 0 0 Local transmission 1
Luxembourg 5 0 0 0 Imported cases only 1
Bosnia and
Herzegovina 4 2 0 0 Local transmission 0
Malta 4 0 0 0 Imported cases only 1
Republic of Moldova 3 2 0 0 Imported cases only 0
Cyprus 2 0 0 0 Imported cases only 1
Andorra 1 0 0 0 Imported cases only 8
Armenia 1 0 0 0 Imported cases only 9
Holy See 1 0 0 0 Under investigation 5
Liechtenstein 1 0 0 0 Imported cases only 5
Lithuania 1 0 0 0 Imported cases only 12
Monaco 1 0 0 0 Under investigation 10
Ukraine 1 0 0 0 Imported cases only 7
Territories**
Faroe Islands 2 0 0 0 Imported cases only 2
Gibraltar 1 0 0 0 Under investigation 7
Guernsey 1 0 0 0 Imported cases only 1
South-East Asia Region
India 60 16 0 0 Local transmission 0
Thailand 59 6 1 0 Local transmission 0
Indonesia 27 8 1 1 Local transmission 0
Maldives 8 4 0 0 Local transmission 0
Bangladesh 3 0 0 0 Local transmission 2
Bhutan 1 0 0 0 Imported cases only 5
Nepal 1 0 0 0 Imported cases only 47
Sri Lanka 1 0 0 0 Imported cases only 44
Eastern Mediterranean Region
Iran (Islamic
Republic of) 8042 881 291 54 Local transmission 0
Bahrain 110 1 0 0 Local transmission 0
United Arab
Emirates 74 15 0 0 Local transmission 0
Kuwait 69 4 0 0 Imported cases only 0
Iraq 61 0 6 0 Local transmission 1
Egypt 59 0 1 0 Local transmission 1
Lebanon 41 9 1 1 Local transmission 0
Qatar 24 6 0 0 Imported cases only 0
Saudi Arabia 20 5 0 0 Local transmission 0
Oman 18 0 0 0 Imported cases only 1
Pakistan 16 0 0 0 Local transmission 1
Tunisia 6 4 0 0 Local transmission 0
Afghanistan 4 0 0 0 Imported cases only 3
Morocco 3 1 1 1 Imported cases only 0
Jordan 1 0 0 0 Imported cases only 8
**
Territories
occupied Palestinian
territory 30 4 0 0 Local transmission 0
Region of the Americas
United States of
America 696 224 25 6 Local transmission 0
Canada 93 16 1 1 Local transmission 0
Brazil 34 9 0 0 Local transmission 0
 Argentina 17 5 1 0 Imported cases only 0
Chile 17 4 0 0 Local transmission 0
Ecuador 15 0 0 0 Local transmission 2
Costa Rica 13 4 0 0 Local transmission 0
Peru 11 2 0 0 Local transmission 0
Panama 8 7 1 1 Imported cases only 0
Paraguay 8 7 0 0 Local transmission 0
Mexico 7 0 0 0 Imported cases only 3
Dominican Republic 5 0 0 0 Imported cases only 1
Colombia 3 0 0 0 Imported cases only 1
Bolivia (Plurinational
State of) 2 2 0 0 Imported cases only 0
Jamaica 1 1 0 0 Imported cases only 0
Territories**
French Guiana 5 0 0 0 Imported cases only 3
Martinique 3 1 0 0 Imported cases only 0
Saint Martin 2 0 0 0 Under investigation 8
Saint Barthelemy 1 0 0 0 Under investigation 8
African Region
Algeria 20 0 0 0 Local transmission 2
South Africa 7 0 0 0 Imported cases only 1
Senegal 4 0 0 0 Imported cases only 6
Burkina Faso 2 2 0 0 Imported cases only 0
Cameroon 2 0 0 0 Local transmission 4
Nigeria 2 0 0 0 Imported cases only 2
Democratic Republic
of the Congo 1 1 0 0 Imported cases only 0
Togo 1 0 0 0 Imported cases only 4
Subtotal for all
regions 36675 4596 1123 258
International
conveyance 696 0 7 0 Local transmission 3
(Diamond Princess)
Grand total 37371 4596 1130 258
*
Numbers include both domestic and repatriated cases
†The designations employed and the presentation of the material in this publication do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on

the part of WHO concerning the legal status of any country, territory, city or area or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its
frontiers or boundaries. Dotted and dashed lines on maps represent approximate border lines for which there may not yet be full agreement.
‡Case classifications are based on WHO case definitions for COVID-19.
§Transmission classification is based on WHO analysis of available official data and may be subject to reclassification as additional data become

available. Countries/territories/areas experiencing multiple types of transmission are classified in the highest category for which there is
evidence; they may be removed from a given category if interruption of transmission can be demonstrated. It should be noted that even within
categories, different countries/territories/areas may have differing degrees of transmission as indicated by the differing numbers of cases and
other factors. Not all locations within a given country/territory/area are equally affected.
Terms:
- Community transmission is evidenced by the inability to relate confirmed cases through chains of transmission for a large number of cases, or by
increasing positive tests through sentinel samples (routine systematic testing of respiratory samples from established laboratories).
- Local transmission indicates locations where the source of infection is within the reporting location.
- Imported cases only indicates locations where all cases have been acquired outside the location of reporting.
- Under investigation indicates locations where type of transmission has not been determined for any cases.
- Interrupted transmission indicates locations where interruption of transmission has been demonstrated (details to be determined)
** “Territories” include territories, areas, overseas dependencies and other jurisdictions of similar status
Figure 2. Epidemic curve of confirmed COVID-19 cases reported outside of China , by date of report and WHO
region through 11 March 2020

STRATEGIC OBJECTIVES

WHO’s strategic objectives for this response are to:

• Interrupt human-to-human transmission including reducing secondary infections among close contacts
and health care workers, preventing transmission amplification events, and preventing further
international spread*;
• Identify, isolate and care for patients early, including providing optimized care for infected patients;
• Identify and reduce transmission from the animal source;
• Address crucial unknowns regarding clinical severity, extent of transmission and infection, treatment
options, and accelerate the development of diagnostics, therapeutics and vaccines;
• Communicate critical risk and event information to all communities and counter misinformation;
• Minimize social and economic impact through multisectoral partnerships.

*This can be achieved through a combination of public health measures, such as rapid identification, diagnosis
and management of the cases, identification and follow up of the contacts, infection prevention and control in
health care settings, implementation of health measures for travelers, awareness-raising in the population and
risk communication.
PREPAREDNESS AND RESPONSE

• To view all technical guidance documents regarding COVID-19, please go to this webpage.
• WHO has developed interim guidance for laboratory diagnosis, advice on the use of masks during home care and
in health care settings in the context of the novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) outbreak, clinical management,
infection prevention and control in health care settings, home care for patients with suspected novel
coronavirus, risk communication and community engagement and Global Surveillance for human infection with
novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV).
• WHO is working closely with International Air Transport Association (IATA) and have jointly developed a
guidance document to provide advice to cabin crew and airport workers, based on country queries. The
guidance can be found on the IATA webpage.
• WHO has been in regular and direct contact with Member States where cases have been reported. WHO is also
informing other countries about the situation and providing support as requested.
• WHO is working with its networks of researchers and other experts to coordinate global work on surveillance,
epidemiology, mathematical modelling, diagnostics and virology, clinical care and treatment, infection
prevention and control, and risk communication. WHO has issued interim guidance for countries, which are
updated regularly.
• WHO has prepared a disease commodity package that includes an essential list of biomedical equipment,
medicines and supplies necessary to care for patients with 2019-nCoV.
• WHO has provided recommendations to reduce risk of transmission from animals to humans.
• WHO has published an updated advice for international traffic in relation to the outbreak of the novel
coronavirus 2019-nCoV.
• WHO has activated the R&D blueprint to accelerate diagnostics, vaccines, and therapeutics.
• OpenWHO is an interactive, web-based, knowledge-transfer platform offering online courses to improve the
response to health emergencies. COVID-19 courses can be found here. Specifically, WHO has developed online
courses on the following topics: A general introduction to emerging respiratory viruses, including novel
coronaviruses (available in Arabic, English, French, Chinese, Spanish, Portuguese, and Russian); Critical Care of
Severe Acute Respiratory Infections (available in English and French); Health and safety briefing for respiratory
diseases - ePROTECT (available in English, French, and Russian); Infection Prevention and Control for Novel
Coronavirus (COVID-19) (available in English and Russian); and COVID-19 Operational Planning Guidelines and
COVID-19 Partners Platform to support country preparedness and response.
• WHO is providing guidance on early investigations, which are critical in an outbreak of a new virus. The data
collected from the protocols can be used to refine recommendations for surveillance and case definitions, to
characterize the key epidemiological transmission features of COVID-19, help understand spread, severity,
spectrum of disease, impact on the community and to inform operational models for implementation of
countermeasures such as case isolation, contact tracing and isolation. Several protocols are available here. One
such protocol is for the investigation of early COVID-19 cases and contacts (the “First Few X (FFX) Cases and
contact investigation protocol for 2019-novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) infection”). The protocol is designed to
gain an early understanding of the key clinical, epidemiological and virological characteristics of the first cases of
COVID-19 infection detected in any individual country, to inform the development and updating of public health
guidance to manage cases and reduce the potential spread and impact of infection.
RECOMMENDATIONS AND ADVICE FOR THE PUBLIC

If you are not in an area where COVID-19 is spreading or have not travelled from an area where COVID-19 is
spreading or have not been in contact with an infected patient, your risk of infection is low. It is understandable that
you may feel anxious about the outbreak. Get the facts from reliable sources to help you accurately determine your
risks so that you can take reasonable precautions (see Frequently Asked Questions). Seek guidance from WHO, your
healthcare provider, your national public health authority or your employer for accurate information on COVID-19
and whether COVID-19 is circulating where you live. It is important to be informed of the situation and take
appropriate measures to protect yourself and your family (see Protection measures for everyone).

If you are in an area where there are cases of COVID-19 you need to take the risk of infection seriously. Follow the
advice of WHO and guidance issued by national and local health authorities. For most people, COVID-19 infection
will cause mild illness however, it can make some people very ill and, in some people, it can be fatal. Older people,
and those with pre-existing medical conditions (such as cardiovascular disease, chronic respiratory disease or
diabetes) are at risk for severe disease (See Protection measures for persons who are in or have recently visited (past
14 days) areas where COVID-19 is spreading).

CASE DEFINITIONS

WHO periodically updates the Global Surveillance for human infection with coronavirus disease (COVID-19)
document which includes case definitions.

For easy reference, case definitions are included below.

Suspect case
A. A patient with acute respiratory illness (fever and at least one sign/symptom of respiratory disease (e.g.,
cough, shortness of breath), AND with no other etiology that fully explains the clinical presentation AND a
history of travel to or residence in a country/area or territory reporting local transmission (See situation
report) of COVID-19 disease during the 14 days prior to symptom onset.
OR
B. A patient with any acute respiratory illness AND having been in contact with a confirmed or probable COVID-
19 case (see definition of contact) in the last 14 days prior to onset of symptoms;
OR
C. A patient with severe acute respiratory infection (fever and at least one sign/symptom of respiratory disease
(e.g., cough, shortness breath) AND requiring hospitalization AND with no other etiology that fully explains
the clinical presentation.

Probable case
A suspect case for whom testing for COVID-19 is inconclusive.
• Inconclusive being the result of the test reported by the laboratory

Confirmed case
A person with laboratory confirmation of COVID-19 infection, irrespective of clinical signs and symptoms.
• Information regarding laboratory guidance can be found here.