ME 100 Thermodynamics

Problem Set CHAPTER 2: Energy & The First Law of Thermodynamics

2ND Semester AY 2019-2020

Deadline: March 24, 2020 (late submission WILL NOT be accepted)

Instruction: Solve each problem carefully and provide DETAILED solution, especially during conversion.
Draw schematic diagram and round off your final answer to 3 decimal places. Write your solutions and
answers in a short bond paper. Submit your problem set in PDF format via Google Classroom. You can
convert jpeg to pdf format online. Filename should be Surname_PS2. Hard copy must be submitted once
suspension of classes is lifted. Twenty (20) points per item.

Students who are able to submit on time but are not able to follow instructions will have to repeat the
entire problem set with corresponding deduction of points.

Note: Study Lecture 2/Chapter 2 first before answering the following problems.

1. An object whose mass is 300 lb experiences changes in its kinetic and potential energies owing to the
action of a resultant force R. The work done on the object by the resultant force is 140 Btu. There are no
other interactions between the object and its surroundings. If the object’s elevation increases by 100 ft
and its final velocity is 200 ft/s, what is its initial velocity, in ft/s? Let g = 32.2 ft/s2.

2. An object whose mass is 100 lb falls freely under the influence of gravity from an initial elevation of 600
ft above the surface of Earth. The initial velocity is downward with a magnitude of 50 ft/s. The effect of
air resistance is negligible. Determine the velocity, in ft/s, of the object just before it strikes Earth.
Assume g = 31.5 ft/s2.

3. An object initially at an elevation of 5 m relative to Earth’s surface with a velocity of 50 m/s is acted on
by an applied force R and moves along a path. Its final elevation is 20 m and its velocity is 100 m/s. The
acceleration of gravity is 9.81 m/s2. Determine the work done on the object by the applied force, in kJ.

4. A gas in a piston–cylinder assembly undergoes a process for which the relationship between pressure
and volume is pV2 = constant. The initial pressure is 1 bar, the initial volume is 0.1 m3, and the final
pressure is 9 bar. Determine (a) the final volume, in m3, and (b) the work for the process, in kJ.

5. A gas in a piston–cylinder assembly undergoes a compression process for which the relation between
pressure and volume is given by pVn = constant. The initial volume is 0.1 m3, the final volume is 0.04
m3, and the final pressure is 2 bar. Determine the initial pressure, in bar, and the work for the process,
in kJ, if (a) n = 0, (b) n = 1, (c) n = 1.3.

6. A closed system consisting of 14.5 lb of air undergoes a polytropic process from P1 =80 lbf/in.2, v1 = 4
ft3/lb to a final state where P2 = 20 lbf/in.2, v2 = 11 ft3/lb. Determine the amount of energy transfer by
work, in Btu, for the process.

7. An electric heater draws a constant current of 6 amp, with an applied voltage of 220 V, for 24 h.
Determine the instantaneous electric power provided to the heater, in kW, and the total amount of
energy supplied to the heater by electrical work, in kW h. If electric power is valued at $0.08/kWh,
determine the cost of operation for one day.
8. A composite plane wall consists of a 12-in.-thick layer of insulating concrete block (kc = 0.27 Btu/h.ft.°R
and a 0.625-in.-thick layer of gypsum board (kb = 1.11 Btu/h.ft.°R). The outer surface temperature of the
concrete block and gypsum board are 460°R and 560°R, respectively, and there is perfect contact at the
interface between the two layers. Determine at steady state the instantaneous rate of heat transfer, in
Btu/h per ft2 of surface area, and the temperature, in °R, at the interface between the concrete block and
gypsum board.

9. A closed system of mass 10 kg undergoes a process during which there is energy transfer by work from
the system of 0.147 kJ per kg, an elevation decrease of 50 m, and an increase in velocity from 15 m/s to
30 m/s. The specific internal energy decreases by 5 kJ/kg and the acceleration of gravity is constant at
9.7 m/s2. Determine the heat transfer for the process, in kJ.

10. Four kilograms of carbon monoxide (CO) is contained in a rigid tank with a volume of 1 m3. The tank is
fitted with a paddle wheel that transfers energy to the CO at a constant rate of 14 W for 1 h. During the
process, the specific internal energy of the carbon monoxide increases by 10 kJ/kg. If no overall changes
in kinetic and potential energy occur, determine
(a) the specific volume at the final state, in m3/kg.
(b) the energy transfer by work, in kJ.
(c) the energy transfer by heat transfer, in kJ, and the direction of the heat transfer.
ME 100 Thermodynamics
Problem Set CHAPTER 3: Evaluating Properties
2ND Semester AY 2019-2020

Deadline: April 1, 2020 (late submission WILL NOT be accepted)

Instruction: Solve each problem carefully and provide DETAILED solution, especially during conversion.
Draw schematic diagram and round off your final answer to 3 decimal places. Write your solutions and
answers in a short bond paper. Submit your problem set in PDF format via Google Classroom. You can
convert jpeg to pdf format online. Filename should be Surname_PS3. Hard copy must be submitted once
suspension of classes is lifted. Twenty (20) points per item.

Students who are able to submit on time but are not able to follow instructions will have to repeat the
entire problem set with corresponding deduction of points.

Note: Study Lecture 3/Chapter 3 first before answering the following problems.

1. Determine the phase or phases in a system consisting of H2O at the following conditions and sketch p -
v and T–v diagrams showing the location of each state.
(a) p = 100 lbf/in.2, T = 327.86°F.
(b) p = 100 lbf/in.2, T = 240°F.
(c) T = 212°F, p = 10 lbf/in.2
(d) T = 70°F, p = 20 lbf/in.2
(e) p = 14.7 lbf/in.2, T = 20°F.

2. A two-phase liquid–vapor mixture of ammonia has a specific volume of 1.0 ft3/lb. Determine the
quality if the temperature is (a) 1008F, (b) 08F. Locate the states on a sketch of the T– v diagram.

3. Water contained in a closed, rigid tank, initially saturated vapor at 2008C, is cooled to 1008C.
Determine the initial and final pressures, each in bar. Locate the initial and final states on sketches of
the p– v and T– v diagrams.

4. A piston–cylinder assembly contains a two-phase liquid–vapor mixture of H2O at 200 lbf/in.2 with a
quality of 80%. The mixture is heated and expands at constant pressure until a final temperature of
480°F is reached. Determine the work for the process, in Btu per lb of H2O present.

5. Two kg of Refrigerant 134-A undergoes a polytropic process in a piston–cylinder assembly from an

initial state of saturated vapor at 2 bar to a final state of 12 bar, 80°C. Determine the work for the
process, in kJ.

6. Refrigerant 22 undergoes a constant-pressure process within a piston–cylinder assembly from

saturated vapor at 4 bar to a final temperature of 30°C. Kinetic and potential energy effects are
negligible. For the refrigerant, show the process on a p– v diagram. Evaluate the work and the heat
transfer, each in kJ per kg of refrigerant.
7. A piston–cylinder assembly containing water, initially a liquid at 50°F, undergoes a process at a
constant pressure of 20 lbf/in.2 to a final state where the water is a vapor at 300°F. Kinetic and potential
energy effects are negligible. Determine the work and heat transfer, in Btu per lb, for each of three parts
of the overall process:

(a) from the initial liquid state to the saturated liquid state,
(b) from saturated liquid to saturated vapor, and
(c) from saturated vapor to the final vapor state, all at 20 lbf/in.2

8. A system consisting of 3 lb of water vapor in a piston– cylinder assembly, initially at 350°F and a
volume of 71.7 ft3, is expanded in a constant-pressure process to a volume of 85.38 ft3. The system then
is compressed isothermally to a final volume of 28.2 ft3. During the isothermal compression, energy
transfer by work into the system is 72 Btu. Kinetic and potential energy effects are negligible.
Determine the heat transfer, in Btu, for each process.