PowerShell Quick Reference v2.9 by Dimitri Koens www.dimensionit.

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Quick Start
Get-Process # displays a list of running processes
Get-Process | Select-Object Name, Company # selects several columns
Get-Process | Select-Object Name, Company | Format-Table -AutoSize # uses minimal column width
Get-Process | Select-Object Name, Company | Format-List # displays a list instead of a table
Get-Process | Sort-Object ID –descending # sorts on process id instead of name
Get-Process | Where { $_.vm –gt 150MB } # selects processes where virtual memory is greater than 150MB

Built-in Help functionality

Get-Help Get-Process | Get-Member # display the properties and methods of the output
Get-Help Get-Process –full
Get-Help Get-Process –examples # view the example commands # The following two examples help you to protect you from … you! 
Get-Help about* # lists all the about-articles, use the full article name to view its # whatif parameter displays the command without actually executing it
contents, e.g. about_scripts Get-Process PowerShell | Stop-Process –whatif

Get-Command # Display all commands Get-Process PowerShell | Stop-Process –confirm # asks for confirmation
Get-Command *process* # display all commands containing the word “process”

Common aliases
Command Alias Command Alias Command Alias
Clear-Host cls, clear Get-Member Gm Remove-Item ri, del, erase, rmdir, rd, rm
Copy-Item copy, cpi, cp Get-Process gps, ps Rename-Item rni, ren
ForEach-Object foreach, % Get-Service Gsv Select-Object Select
Format-List FL Get-WmiObject Gwmi Set-Location sl, cd, chdir
Format-Table FT Group-Object Group Sort-Object Sort
Get-ChildItem gci, dir, ls Move-Item mi, move, mv Stop-Process spps, kill
Get-Content gc, type, cat Out-Host Oh Where-Object where, ?
Get-Help help, man ise (alleen v2) Powershell_ise.exe Write-Output echo, write
Get-Alias | Group-Object Definition # display all possible aliases per command
Select-String: like Findstr or Grep. No alias defined! Use: Set-Alias Grep Select-String

Operators
Operator Meaning Operator Meaning
-eq, -ne Equal, not equal: 5 –eq 5 -match, -notmatch, -cmatch regular expression match: “Rick” -match "[DMNR]ick"
-gt, ge greater than, greater than or equals: 6 –gt 5 -contains, - notcontains Array contains specific value: “red”, “blue” –contains “blue”
-lt, -le less than, less than or equals: 5 –lt 6 -is, -isnot type comparison: 15 –is [int]
-like, -notlike, -clike pattern comparison using wildcards: -f Formatting: $a=2987654; “free space: {0:N0} bytes” -f $a
"Samantha" -like "sam*"

Punctuation Marks
( expression ) { code block } [ item in array ] “string with automatich variable expansion”
` backtick is the escape character, mostly found on the key combined with tilde-sign ~ ‘string without automatic variable expansion‘

Keyboard shortcuts
Tab: command completion F7: display history popup Ctrl , Ctrl : jump one word left or right
Esc: clear the command line F8: lookup last command that starts with current input. | More: <Ctrl-C> quit, <q> quit, <space> scroll page,
Try this: Get-Process; <enter>; Get<F8> <enter> scroll one line
Use arrow up and down to browse previous commands Home, End: jump to start or end of current command Within ISE: F5 = Run, F8 = Run Selection
line

Security
The .ps1 extension Execution Policy (Set- and Get-ExecutionPolicy) To prevent command hijacking
Associated with Notepad. When a user receives a Restricted (default), AllSigned, RemoteSigned, You can only run commands from the current location by
PowerShell script through e-mail and doubleclicks it then Unrestricted (not recommended) specifying the path to the script. Example: .\script.ps1
the script just opens in notepad instead of executing (like All scripts that are not on local fixed disks, like CD’s/DVD’s instead of script.ps1.
the i-love-you virus did). and drive mappings to network shares, but also
attachements in e-mail and chat-programs are considered
remote

Working with files

Get-Process | Out-File p.txt –append
Get-Process | Export-CSV p.csv
Get-Process | Export-CliXML p.xml
Import-CSV p.csv # displays using Format-List because there are more than four columns and object type is not recognized
Import-CliXML p.xml # displays using Format-Table because object type is recognized (try to add: | Get-Member)

This document is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivsCC BY-NC-ND license.

Variables
$i = 1 # storing value 1 in variable $i
$i++ # incrementing $i with 1, resulting in 2

Looping
for ($i = 1; $i -le 10; $i++) { $i } # displays numbers 1 through 10. See the Active Directory section for a practical example.

While loop only executes when condition is true Do … While loop, always executes, at least once Do … Until loop, always executes, at least once
$i = 1 $a = 1 $a = 1
While ($i -le 10) { $i; $i++ } Do {$a; $a++} While ($a -lt 10) Do {$a; $a++} Until ($a –gt 10)

Typical example of a Do … Until loop

$RequiredLength = 12
Do { $password = read-host -prompt "Password, please"
if ($password.length -lt $RequiredLength) { "password is too short!" }
} Until ($password.length -ge $RequiredLength)

WMI
Get-WmiObject –list
# inspecting shares through WMI # automating defragmentation (please check with your SAN administrator!)
Get-WmiObject Win32_Share $Cvolume = Get-WmiObject Win32_Volume | Where { $_.name –eq "C:\" }
$s = Get-WmiObject Win32_Share | Where { $_.Name –eq “C$” } $df = $Cvolume.DefragAnalysis() # can take several minutes
$s ; $s | Get-Member check name en caption $df # inspecting the result
# we’ll need the wmiclass type to create objects through WMI If ( $df.DefragRecommended ) { $Cvolume.defrag($true) }
$sc=[WMICLASS]"Win32_Share"
$sc.create("C:\", "mynewshare", 0) # creating a new share

Get-WmiObject Win32_OperatingSystem –computername (Get-Content servers.txt) | Format-Table __SERVER,Version,ServicePackMajorVersion,ServicePackMinorVersion

Active Directory
Requirements: PowerShell v2, Active Directory Module for Windows PowerShell (on a Domain Controller, also part of RSAT). Windows Server 2008 R2 Domain Controller or install
ADMGS on a W2003/2008 Domain Controller. Open port TCP/9389.
Import-Module ActiveDirectory # imports the Active Directory module for PowerShell
Get-Command –module ActiveDirectory # displays all 76 commands in PowerShell v2
New-ADOrganizationalUnit “Employees” -Path "DC=Contoso,DC=com" # creates a new OU
Get-ADOrganizationalUnit -Filter “*” | FT Name, DistinguishedName –AutoSize
New-ADUser TestUser1 # creates a disabled user in the Users container

# The next script takes a plain text password as input and creates an enabled user account in the Employees OU
$userpwd = ConvertTo-SecureString -AsPlainText "Pa$$w0rd" –Force # converts plaintext to secure string
New-ADUser TestUser2 -AccountPassword $userpwd -Enabled $true -Path 'OU=Employees,DC=Contoso,DC=com'

For ($i=1; $i –le 10; $i++) { New-ADUser –name Testuser$i } # creates ten new testusers

Functions
Function Newest-Eventlog { Param ($log=”system”, $newest=5) Get-Eventlog $log –newest $newest }
Newest-Eventlog # try with parameters like –log application –newest 10

Background Jobs Remoting

Start-Job -ScriptBlock { Get-Process PowerShell } Requirements: PowerShell v2 on local and remote systems. Run Enable-PSRemoting
Get-Job on remote system. Open port TCP/5985.
Get-Job -Id 1| Receive-Job # use the -Keep parameter to keep the data in memory Enter-PSSession –ComputerName Server2
Start-Job { Sleep 60 } # starts a new job which just waits for 60 seconds <use your PowerShell skills now on the remote machine>
Wait-Job -Id 3 # wait for a job to complete, or use: Stop-Job -Id 3 # stops job Exit-PSSession
Remove-Job -Id 3 # remove a completed job

Error handling and Debugging

$ErrorActionPreference # displays the default action when an error occurs
Dir c:, x:, c: # should result in a file listing of the c-drive, followed by an error, followed by a listing of the c-drive
$ErrorActionPreference = ‘Continue’ # or ‘SilentlyContinue’ or ‘Inquire’ or ‘Stop’
# Use the –ErrorAction parameter to use a other error action for the current command only
$Error[0] | Get-Member

More information on Internet (and the previous page…)

http://blogs.msdn.com/b/powershell/ http://www.computerperformance.co.uk/powershell/
http://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/scriptcenter/dd742419.aspx http://powerwf.com/products.aspx
http://poshoholic.com/ http://social.technet.microsoft.com/wiki/contents/articles/windows-powershell-
http://thepowershellguy.com/ survival-guide.aspx
http://www.powershellmagazine.com/

This document is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivsCC BY-NC-ND license.