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    CE-611 Project Planning & Control: Lesson #1-Arrow Diagrams

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    some kid
    The document discusses arrow diagrams, which were used historically for project planning but are less efficient than computer modeling. It defines activities and events, and relationship types like one-to-one. It explains how to perform time calculations using forward and backward passes to determine early/late start/finish dates. Calculating float is also covered. The critical path is the sequence of activities with zero total float. Pros are the visual representation of time passing, while cons include complexity for complex relationships and lack of different relationship types.

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    CE-611 Project Planning & Control: Lesson #1-Arrow Diagrams

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    some kid
    36 views23 pages
    The document discusses arrow diagrams, which were used historically for project planning but are less efficient than computer modeling. It defines activities and events, and relationship types like one-to-one. It explains how to perform time calculations using forward and backward passes to determine early/late start/finish dates. Calculating float is also covered. The critical path is the sequence of activities with zero total float. Pros are the visual representation of time passing, while cons include complexity for complex relationships and lack of different relationship types.

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    The document discusses arrow diagrams, which were used historically for project planning but are less efficient than computer modeling. It defines activities and events, and relationship types like one-to-one. It explains how to perform time calculations using forward and backward passes to determine early/late start/finish dates. Calculating float is also covered. The critical path is the sequence of activities with zero total float. Pros are the visual representation of time passing, while cons include complexity for complex relationships and lack of different relationship types.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    36 views23 pages

    CE-611 Project Planning & Control: Lesson #1-Arrow Diagrams

    Uploaded by

    some kid
    The document discusses arrow diagrams, which were used historically for project planning but are less efficient than computer modeling. It defines activities and events, and relationship types like one-to-one. It explains how to perform time calculations using forward and backward passes to determine early/late start/finish dates. Calculating float is also covered. The critical path is the sequence of activities with zero total float. Pros are the visual representation of time passing, while cons include complexity for complex relationships and lack of different relationship types.

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    CE-611

    project Planning
    & control
    Lesson #1- Arrow Diagrams
    Chapter 16
    Professor Hanna
    Expected outcomes from the lecture

    • Student shall be able to understand how to construct arrow diagrams


    • Students shall understand the difference between events and
    activities
    • Students shall be able to understand the relationship that exists
    among activities
    • Students shall be able to understand the concept of float
    • Students shall be able to perform time calculations with arrow
    diagrams
    Arrow Diagrams

    Arrow diagrams were widely used in construction decades ago.


    However with the advent of computer network modeling, it is not
    efficient to use diagrams.
    However, I would like you to understand the concepts behind arrow
    diagram because I feel it will give you a introduction into precedence
    diagrams.
    Arrow Diagrams

    • Activity – on – Arrow (A-on-A)


    • Also called Arrow Diagram Method (ADM)

    • Components:
    • Events
    • Activities

    • Relationships between activities and events illustrate the logic of


    the process.
    Arrow Diagrams

    • Activities are defined by Arrows and are associated with Duration


    • Events are defined by Nodes and do not consume any time. They
    are a single point in time.
    • Activities occur or belong between events, as shown below:

    • Remember our Chapter 1 Lecture! Duration vs. Event


    EVENT
    Activity Relationships

    • One-on-One
    Activity Relationships

    • Many-on-One
    Activity Relationships

    • One-on-Many
    Activity Relationships

    • Many-on-Many
    Activity Relationships

    • Dummies
    Activity Relationships

    • Dummies are used to show proper logic between two or


    more events, or avoid having two activities under the same
    designation, or both!
    Analyzing Time in arrow diagrams

    • ET & LT are the early event time & late event time– used on nodes
    • ES, LS, EF, & LF are early & late starts and early and late finishes for
    activities – used at arrows
    • i and j are the event names, so the activity is designated Activity i-j
    Analyzing Time in arrow diagrams

    • FF is the free float of an activity. Free float is the maximum


    amount of time that an event can be delayed WITHOUT delaying
    the ES of any succeeding activity.
    • TF is the total float for an activity. Total float is the maximum
    amount of time an event can be delayed WITHOUT delaying the
    project completion
    Analyzing Time in arrow diagrams

    • Two Types of Time Calculations:


    • Forward Passes calculate the Early Start (ES) and Early Finish (EF)
    dates of each activity
    • Backward Passes calculate the Late Start (LS) and Late Finish (LF)
    dates
    Analyzing Time in arrow diagrams

    • Time Calculations
    • Forward Passes:
    1. Day 1 is assigned ET of the beginning node
    2. Select activity to begin at this beginning node
    3. For Node 1 (Event 1) ET=ES
    4. Calculate EF by adding activity duration to ES
    5. Set ET = EF
    6. Repeat Steps 2 – 5 as necessary
    7. The ET for the last node or event is the total duration of the project
    Analyzing Time in arrow diagrams

    • Time Calculations
    • Backward Passes:
    1. On the last node, assign LT = ET
    2. Select activity to end at this last node
    3. For the last node LT = LF
    4. Calculate LS by subtracting activity duration from LF
    5. For preceding node, set LT = LS
    6. Repeat steps 2-5 as necessary
    7. Set the beginning node LT = ET
    Analyzing Time in arrow diagrams

    FORWARD PASS

    E 10 Paving 12 F

    10 2 12
    Analyzing Time in arrow diagrams

    BACKWARD PASS

    E 10 Paving 12 F

    10 10 10 2 12 12 12
    CALCULATING FLOAT in arrow diagrams

    • As stated before:
    • FF is the free float of an activity. Free float is the maximum amount of time
    that an event can be delayed WITHOUT delaying the ES of any succeeding
    activity.
    • TF is the total float for an activity. Total float is the maximum amount of time
    an event can be delayed WITHOUT delaying the project completion

    • FF= ET-EF
    • TF = ES-LS or TF = EF-LF
    CALCULATING critical path in arrow diagrams

    • The critical path can be found in arrow diagrams by locating the


    sequence of activities that whose total float is = 0
    • These critical activities must have early and late starts that are equal.
    • Each network has at least one critical path, provided that the early
    and late finish times are set equal to each other.
    Arrow Diagrams

    • PROS
    • Easy to illustrate that time is passing
    • Can scale the length of the arrow (activity) to accurately depict duration
    lengths
    • Arrow Diagram automatically generates events at each arrow
    intersection
    Arrow Diagrams

    • CONS
    • Hard to draw complex relationships and dummies
    • Represents Finish-to-Start relationships “only”
    • Time-consuming process to draw network diagram
    • All info must be drawn out before it can be entered into a computer
    modeling program
    • Almost an archaic method
    ARROW DIAGRAMS AND Scheduling
    Networks
    • Arrow diagrams are similar to what we will learn next week
    when we begin Precedence diagrams.
    • Here’s what we learned this week that will help us in the
    future:
    • Each activity is assigned duration; calculations through the network provide a
    single, specific duration for the project as a whole
    • It is important to recognize the distinction between duration and event.
    • The best thing of the Scheduling Networks is the ability to see the
    CPM (Critical Path Method).
    • How do we see the CPM on a Critical Path Method? Its simple with
    Arrow, its called the Activity-on-Arrow or Arrow Diagram.
    • The alternative approach is Activity-on-Node
    (A-on-N), referred to as the Precedence technique

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