Digital Image Processing Questions And Answers – Introduction to Digital Image Processing

This set of Digital Image Processing Multiple Choice Questions & Answers (MCQs) focuses on “Introduction to Digital Image Processing”.

1. The spatial coordinates of a digital image (x,y) are proportional to:

a) Position

b) Brightness

c) Contrast

d) Noise

View Answer
Answer: b
Explanation: The Brightness levels are distributed over the spatial area. Hence, the spatial coordinates are proportional to brightness levels.

2. Among the following image processing techniques which is fast, precise and flexible.

a) Optical

b) Digital

c) Electronic

d) Photographic

View Answer
Answer: b
Explanation: Digital image processing is more flexible and agile techniques as it is fast, accurate and reliable.

3. An image is considered to be a function of a(x,y), where a represents:

a) Height of image

b) Width of image

c) Amplitude of image

d) Resolution of image

View Answer
Answer: c
Explanation: The image is a collection of dots with a definite intensity or amplitude.

4. What is pixel?

a) Pixel is the elements of a digital image

b) Pixel is the elements of an analog image

c) Pixel is the cluster of a digital image

d) Pixel is the cluster of an analog image

View Answer
Answer: a
Explanation: An Image is a collection of individual points referred as pixel, thus a Pixel is the element of a digital image.

5. The range of values spanned by the gray scale is called:

a) Dynamic range

b) Band range

c) Peak range
d) Resolution range

View Answer
Answer: a
Explanation: The valued spanned in gray scale image are depicted using dynamic range values.

6. Which is a colour attribute that describes a pure colour?

a) Saturation

b) Hue

c) Brightness

d) Intensity

View Answer
Answer: b
Explanation: The color attribute of an image refers to the contrast of colors, which can be controlled using the Hue values.

7. Which gives a measure of the degree to which a pure colour is diluted by white light?

a) Saturation

b) Hue

c) Intensity

d) Brightness

View Answer
Answer: a
Explanation: Saturation is color recognizing capability of the human eye. Hence a degree of dilution is measured using saturation.

8. Which means the assigning meaning to a recognized object.

a) Interpretation

b) Recognition

c) Acquisition

d) Segmentation

View Answer
Answer: a
Explanation: The interpretation is called the assigning meaning to recognized object.

9. A typical size comparable in quality to monochromatic TV image is of size.

a) 256 X 256

b) 512 X 512

c) 1920 X 1080

d) 1080 X 1080

View Answer
Answer: b
Explanation: A normal T.V have 512 x 512 resolution.

10. The number of grey values are integer powers of:

a) 4

b) 2

c) 8
d) 1

View Answer
Answer: b
Explanation: The gray values are interpreted as the power of number of colors. In monochromatic image the number of colors are 2.

This set of Digital Image Processing Multiple Choice Questions & Answers (MCQs) focuses on “Steps in Image Processing”.

11. What is the first and foremost step in Image Processing?

a) Image restoration

b) Image enhancement

c) Image acquisition

d) Segmentation

View Answer
Answer: c
Explanation: Image acquisition is the first process in image processing. Note that acquisition could be as simple as being given an image that is already in digital form. Generally, the image
acquisition stage involves preprocessing, such as scaling.

12. In which step of processing, the images are subdivided successively into smaller regions?

a) Image enhancement

b) Image acquisition

c) Segmentation

d) Wavelets

View Answer
Answer: d
Explanation: Wavelets are the foundation for representing images in various degrees of resolution. Wavelets are particularly used for image data compression and for pyramidal representation,
in which images are subdivided successively into smaller regions.

13. What is the next step in image processing after compression?

a) Wavelets

b) Segmentation

c) Representation and description

d) Morphological processing

View Answer
Answer: d
Explanation: Steps in image processing:
Image acquisition-> Image enhancement-> Image restoration-> Color image processing-> Wavelets and multi resolution processing-> Compression-> Morphological processing->
Segmentation-> Representation & description-> Object recognition.

14. What is the step that is performed before color image processing in image processing?

a) Wavelets and multi resolution processing

b) Image enhancement

c) Image restoration

d) Image acquisition

View Answer
Answer: c
Explanation: Steps in image processing:
Image acquisition-> Image enhancement-> Image restoration-> Color image processing-> Wavelets and multi resolution processing-> Compression-> Morphological processing->
Segmentation-> Representation & description-> Object recognition.

15. How many number of steps are involved in image processing?

a) 10

b) 9

c) 11

d) 12

View Answer
Answer: a
Explanation: Steps in image processing:
Image acquisition-> Image enhancement-> Image restoration-> Color image processing-> Wavelets and multi resolution processing-> Compression-> Morphological processing->
Segmentation-> Representation & description-> Object recognition.

16. What is the expanded form of JPEG?

a) Joint Photographic Expansion Group

b) Joint Photographic Experts Group

c) Joint Photographs Expansion Group

d) Joint Photographic Expanded Group

View Answer
Answer: b
Explanation: Image compression is familiar (perhaps inadvertently) to most users of computers in the form of image file extensions, such as the jpg file extension used in the JPEG (Joint
Photographic Experts Group) image compression standard.

17. Which of the following step deals with tools for extracting image components those are useful in the representation and description of shape?

a) Segmentation

b) Representation & description

c) Compression

d) Morphological processing

View Answer
Answer: d
Explanation: Morphological processing deals with tools for extracting image components that are useful in the representation and description of shape. The material in this chapter begins a
transition from processes that output images to processes that output image attributes.

18. In which step of the processing, assigning a label (e.g., “vehicle”) to an object based on its descriptors is done?

a) Object recognition

b) Morphological processing

c) Segmentation

d) Representation & description

View Answer
Answer: a
Explanation: Recognition is the process that assigns a label (e.g., “vehicle”) to an object based on its descriptors. We conclude our coverage of digital image processing with the development of
methods for recognition of individual objects.

19. What role does the segmentation play in image processing?

a) Deals with extracting attributes that result in some quantitative information of interest

b) Deals with techniques for reducing the storage required saving an image, or the bandwidth required transmitting it

c) Deals with partitioning an image into its constituent parts or objects

View Answer
Answer: c
Explanation: Segmentation procedures partition an image into its constituent parts or objects. In general, autonomous segmentation is one of the most difficult tasks in digital image processing.
A rugged segmentation procedure brings the process a long way toward successful solution of imaging problems that require objects to be identified individually.

20. What is the correct sequence of steps in image processing?

a) Image acquisition->Image enhancement->Image restoration->Color image processing->Compression->Wavelets and multi resolution processing->Morphological processing->Segmentation-

>Representation & description->Object recognition

b) Image acquisition->Image enhancement->Image restoration->Color image processing->Wavelets and multi resolution processing->Compression->Morphological processing->Segmentation-

>Representation & description->Object recognition

c) Image acquisition->Image enhancement->Color image processing->Image restoration->Wavelets and multi resolution processing->Compression->Morphological processing->Segmentation-

>Representation & description->Object recognition

d) Image acquisition->Image enhancement->Image restoration->Color image processing->Wavelets and multi resolution processing->Compression->Morphological processing->Representation

& description->Segmentation->Object recognition

View Answer
Answer: b
Explanation: Steps in image processing:
Image acquisition-> Image enhancement->Image restoration->Color image processing->Wavelets and multi resolution processing->Compression->Morphological processing->Segmentation-
>Representation & description->Object recognition.

21. To convert a continuous sensed data into Digital form, which of the following is required?

a) Sampling

b) Quantization

c) Both Sampling and Quantization

d) Neither Sampling nor Quantization

View Answer
Answer: c
Explanation: The output of the most sensor is a continuous waveform and the amplitude and spatial behavior of such waveform are related to the physical phenomenon being sensed.

22. To convert a continuous image f(x, y) to digital form, we have to sample the function in __________

a) Coordinates

b) Amplitude`

c) All of the mentioned

d) None of the mentioned

View Answer
Answer: c
Explanation: An image may be continuous in the x- and y-coordinates or in amplitude, or in both.

23. For a continuous image f(x, y), how could be Sampling defined?

a) Digitizing the coordinate values

b) Digitizing the amplitude values

c) All of the mentioned

View Answer
Answer: a
Explanation: Sampling is the method of digitizing the coordinate values of the image.

24. For a continuous image f(x, y), Quantization is defined as

a) Digitizing the coordinate values

b) Digitizing the amplitude values

c) All of the mentioned

d) None of the mentioned

View Answer
Answer: b
Explanation: Sampling is the method of digitizing the amplitude values of the image.

25. Validate the statement:

“For a given image in one-dimension given by function f(x, y), to sample the function we take equally spaced samples, superimposed on the function, along a horizontal line. However, the

sample values still span (vertically) a continuous range of gray-level values. So, to convert the given function into a digital function, the gray-level values must be divided into various discrete

levels.”

a) True

b) False

View Answer
Answer: a
Explanation: Digital function requires both sampling and quantization of the one-dimensional image function.

26. How is sampling been done when an image is generated by a single sensing element combined with mechanical motion?

a) The number of sensors in the strip defines the sampling limitations in one direction and Mechanical motion in the other direction.

b) The number of sensors in the sensing array establishes the limits of sampling in both directions.

c) The number of mechanical increments when the sensor is activated to collect data.

d) None of the mentioned.

View Answer
Answer: c
Explanation: When an image is generated by a single sensing element along with mechanical motion, the output data is quantized by dividing the gray-level scale into many discrete levels.
However, sampling is done by selecting the number of individual mechanical increments recorded at which we activate the sensor to collect data.

27. How does sampling gets accomplished with a sensing strip being used for image acquisition?

a) The number of sensors in the strip establishes the sampling limitations in one image direction and Mechanical motion in the other direction

b) The number of sensors in the sensing array establishes the limits of sampling in both directions

c) The number of mechanical increments when the sensor is activated to collect data

d) None of the mentioned

View Answer
Answer: a
Explanation: When a sensing strip is used the number of sensors in the strip defines the sampling limitations in one direction and mechanical motion in the other direction.
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28. How is sampling accomplished when a sensing array is used for image acquisition?

a) The number of sensors in the strip establishes the sampling limitations in one image direction and Mechanical motion in the other direction

b) The number of sensors in the sensing array defines the limits of sampling in both directions
c) The number of mechanical increments at which we activate the sensor to collect data

d) None of the mentioned

View Answer
Answer: b
Explanation: When we use sensing array for image acquisition, there is no motion and so, only the number of sensors in the array defines the limits of sampling in both directions and the output
of the sensor is quantized by dividing the gray-level scale into many discrete levels.

29. The quality of a digital image is well determined by ___________

a) The number of samples

b) The discrete gray levels

c) All of the mentioned

d) None of the mentioned

View Answer
Answer: c
Explanation: The quality of a digital image is determined mostly by the number of samples and discrete gray levels used in sampling and quantization.

30. Assume that an image f(x, y) is sampled so that the result has M rows and N columns. If the values of the coordinates at the origin are (x, y) = (0, 0), then the notation (0, 1) is used to

signify :

a) Second sample along first row

b) First sample along second row

c) First sample along first row

d) Second sample along second row

View Answer
Answer: a
Explanation: The values of the coordinates at the origin are (x, y) = (0, 0). Then, the next coordinate values (second sample) along the first row of the image are represented as (x, y) = (0, 1).

31. The resulting image of sampling and quantization is considered a matrix of real numbers. By what name(s) the element of this matrix array is called __________

a) Image element or Picture element

b) Pixel or Pel

c) All of the mentioned

d) None of the mentioned

View Answer
Answer: c
Explanation: Sampling and Quantization of an image f(x, y) forms a matrix of real numbers and each element of this matrix array is commonly known as Image element or Picture element or
Pixel or Pel.

32. Let Z be the set of real integers and R the set of real numbers. The sampling process may be viewed as partitioning the x-y plane into a grid, with the central coordinates of each grid being

from the Cartesian product Z2, that is a set of all ordered pairs (zi, zj), with zi and zj being integers from Z. Then, f(x, y) is said a digital image if:

a) (x, y) are integers from Z2 and f is a function that assigns a gray-level value (from Z) to each distinct pair of coordinates (x, y)

b) (x, y) are integers from R2 and f is a function that assigns a gray-level value (from R) to each distinct pair of coordinates (x, y)

c) (x, y) are integers from R2 and f is a function that assigns a gray-level value (from Z) to each distinct pair of coordinates (x, y)

d) (x, y) are integers from Z2 and f is a function that assigns a gray-level value (from R) to each distinct pair of coordinates (x, y)

View Answer
Answer: d
Explanation: In the given condition, f(x, y) is a digital image if (x, y) are integers from Z2 and f a function that assigns a gray-level value (that is, a real number from the set R) to each distinct
coordinate pair (x, y).

33. Let Z be the set of real integers and R the set of real numbers. The sampling process may be viewed as partitioning the x-y plane into a grid, with the central coordinates of each grid being

from the Cartesian product Z2, that is a set of all ordered pairs (zi, zj), with zi and zj being integers from Z. Then, f(x, y) is a digital image if (x, y) are integers from Z2 and f is a function that

assigns a gray-level value (that is, a real number from the set R) to each distinct coordinate pair (x, y). What happens to the digital image if the gray levels also are integers?

a) The Digital image then becomes a 2-D function whose coordinates and amplitude values are integers

b) The Digital image then becomes a 1-D function whose coordinates and amplitude values are integers

c) The gray level can never be integer

d) None of the mentioned

View Answer
Answer: a
Explanation: In Quantization Process if the gray levels also are integers the Digital image then becomes a 2-D function whose coordinates and amplitude values are integers.

34. The digitization process i.e. the digital image has M rows and N columns, requires decisions about values for M, N, and for the number, L, of gray levels allowed for each pixel. The value M

and N have to be:

a) M and N have to be positive integer

b) M and N have to be negative integer

c) M have to be negative and N have to be positive integer

d) M have to be positive and N have to be negative integer

View Answer
Answer: a
Explanation: The digitization process i.e. the digital image has M rows and N columns, requires decisions about values for M, N, and for the number, L, of max gray level. There are no
requirements on M and N, other than that M and N have to be positive integer.

35. The digitization process i.e. the digital image has M rows and N columns, requires decisions about values for M, N, and for the number, L, of max gray levels. There are no requirements on

M and N, other than that M and N have to be positive integer. However, the number of gray levels typically is

a) An integer power of 2 i.e. L = 2k

b) A Real power of 2 i.e. L = 2k

c) Two times the integer value i.e. L = 2k

d) None of the mentioned

View Answer
Answer: a
Explanation: Due to processing, storage, and considering the sampling hardware, the number of gray levels typically is an integer power of 2 i.e. L = 2k.

36. The digitization process i.e. the digital image has M rows and N columns, requires decisions about values for M, N, and for the number, L, of max gray levels is an integer power of 2 i.e. L =

2k, allowed for each pixel. If we assume that the discrete levels are equally spaced and that they are integers then they are in the interval __________ and Sometimes the range of values

spanned by the gray scale is called the ________ of an image.

a) [0, L – 1] and static range respectively

b) [0, L / 2] and dynamic range respectively

c) [0, L / 2] and static range respectively

d) [0, L – 1] and dynamic range respectively

View Answer
Answer: d
Explanation: In digitization process M rows and N columns have to be positive and for the number, L, of discrete gray levels typically an integer power of 2 for each pixel. If we assume that the
discrete levels are equally spaced and that they are integers then they lie in the interval [0, L-1] and Sometimes the range of values spanned by the gray scale is called the dynamic range of an
image.

37. After digitization process a digital image with M rows and N columns have to be positive and for the number, L, max gray levels i.e. an integer power of 2 for each pixel. Then, the number b,

of bits required to store a digitized image is:

a) b=M*N*k

b) b=M*N*L

c) b=M*L*k

d) b=L*N*k

View Answer
Answer: a
Explanation: In digital image of M rows and N columns and L max gray levels an integer power of 2 for each pixel. The number, b, of bits required to store a digitized image is: b=M*N*k.

38. An image whose gray-levels span a significant portion of gray scale have __________ dynamic range while an image with dull, washed out gray look have __________ dynamic range.

a) Low and High respectively

b) High and Low respectively

c) Both have High dynamic range, irrespective of gray levels span significance on gray scale

d) Both have Low dynamic range, irrespective of gray levels span significance on gray scale

View Answer
Answer: b
Explanation: An image whose gray-levels signifies a large portion of gray scale have High dynamic range, while that with dull, washed out gray look have Low dynamic range.

39. Validate the statement “When in an Image an appreciable number of pixels exhibit high dynamic range, the image will have high contrast.”

a) True

b) False

View Answer
Answer: a
Explanation: In an Image if an appreciable number of pixels exhibit high dynamic range property, the image will have high contrast.

40. A continuous image is digitised at _______ points.

a) random

b) vertex

c) contour

d) sampling

View Answer
Answer: d
Explanation: The sampling points are ordered in the plane and their relation is called a Grid.

41. The transition between continuous values of the image function and its digital equivalent is called ______________

a) Quantisation

b) Sampling

c) Rasterisation

d) None of the Mentioned

View Answer
Answer: a
Explanation: The transition between continuous values of the image function and its digital equivalent is called Quantisation.
42. Images quantised with insufficient brightness levels will lead to the occurrence of ____________

a) Pixillation

b) Blurring

c) False Contours

d) None of the Mentioned

View Answer
Answer: c
Explanation: This effect arises when the number brightness levels is lower that which the human eye can distinguish.

43. The smallest discernible change in intensity level is called ____________

a) Intensity Resolution

b) Contour

c) Saturation

d) Contrast

View Answer
Answer: a
Explanation: Number of bits used to quantise intensity of an image is called intensity resolution.

44. What is the tool used in tasks such as zooming, shrinking, rotating, etc.?

a) Sampling

b) Interpolation

c) Filters

d) None of the Mentioned

View Answer
Answer: b
Explanation: Interpolation is the basic tool used for zooming, shrinking, rotating, etc.

45. The type of Interpolation where for each new location the intensity of the immediate pixel is assigned is ___________

a) bicubic interpolation

b) cubic interpolation

c) bilinear interpolation

d) nearest neighbour interpolation

View Answer
Answer: d
Explanation: Its called as Nearest Neighbour Interpolation since for each new location the intensity of the next neighbouring pixel is assigned.

46. The type of Interpolation where the intensity of the FOUR neighbouring pixels is used to obtain intensity a new location is called ___________

a) cubic interpolation

b) nearest neighbour interpolation

c) bilinear interpolation

d) bicubic interpolation

View Answer
Answer: b
Explanation: Bilinear interpolation is where the FOUR neighbouring pixels is used to estimate intensity for a new location.
47. Dynamic range of imaging system is a ratio where the upper limit is determined by

a) Saturation

b) Noise

c) Brightness

d) Contrast

View Answer
Answer: a
Explanation: Saturation is taken as the Numerator.

48. For Dynamic range ratio the lower limit is determined by

a) Saturation

b) Brightness

c) Noise

d) Contrast

View Answer
Answer: c
Explanation: Noise is taken as the Denominator.

49. Quantitatively, spatial resolution cannot be represented in which of the following ways

a) line pairs

b) pixels

c) dots

d) none of the Mentioned

View Answer
Answer: d
Explanation: All the options can be used to represent spatial resolution.

50. The most familiar single sensor used for Image Acquisition is

a) Microdensitometer

b) Photodiode

c) CMOS

d) None of the Mentioned

View Answer
Answer: b
Explanation: Photodiode is the most commonly used single sensor made up of silicon materials.