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    Introduction To Mechanical Engineering: Fluid Mechanics: Tutorial 5 Solutions - Viscosity, Density & Pressure

    Uploaded by

    Sabah Mazood
    This document provides solutions to tutorial problems about fluid mechanics concepts including viscosity, density, and pressure. [1] It gives density values for water in various units and calculates the density and specific volume of oil with a given specific gravity. [2] It converts atmospheric pressure values between units like Pascals, bars, and millibars. [3] It uses the ideal gas law to estimate air density at sea level and Mount Everest based on given pressure and temperature values. [4] It calculates tyre pressure after cooling and the mass of air in a tyre based on its dimensions and initial pressure and temperature. [5] It determines the viscosity of a lubricating fluid between a shaft and sleeve based on their

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    Introduction To Mechanical Engineering: Fluid Mechanics: Tutorial 5 Solutions - Viscosity, Density & Pressure

    Uploaded by

    Sabah Mazood
    142 views3 pages
    This document provides solutions to tutorial problems about fluid mechanics concepts including viscosity, density, and pressure. [1] It gives density values for water in various units and calculates the density and specific volume of oil with a given specific gravity. [2] It converts atmospheric pressure values between units like Pascals, bars, and millibars. [3] It uses the ideal gas law to estimate air density at sea level and Mount Everest based on given pressure and temperature values. [4] It calculates tyre pressure after cooling and the mass of air in a tyre based on its dimensions and initial pressure and temperature. [5] It determines the viscosity of a lubricating fluid between a shaft and sleeve based on their

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    This document provides solutions to tutorial problems about fluid mechanics concepts including viscosity, density, and pressure. [1] It gives density values for water in various units and calculates the density and specific volume of oil with a given specific gravity. [2] It converts atmospheric pressure values between units like Pascals, bars, and millibars. [3] It uses the ideal gas law to estimate air density at sea level and Mount Everest based on given pressure and temperature values. [4] It calculates tyre pressure after cooling and the mass of air in a tyre based on its dimensions and initial pressure and temperature. [5] It determines the viscosity of a lubricating fluid between a shaft and sleeve based on their

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    142 views3 pages

    Introduction To Mechanical Engineering: Fluid Mechanics: Tutorial 5 Solutions - Viscosity, Density & Pressure

    Uploaded by

    Sabah Mazood
    This document provides solutions to tutorial problems about fluid mechanics concepts including viscosity, density, and pressure. [1] It gives density values for water in various units and calculates the density and specific volume of oil with a given specific gravity. [2] It converts atmospheric pressure values between units like Pascals, bars, and millibars. [3] It uses the ideal gas law to estimate air density at sea level and Mount Everest based on given pressure and temperature values. [4] It calculates tyre pressure after cooling and the mass of air in a tyre based on its dimensions and initial pressure and temperature. [5] It determines the viscosity of a lubricating fluid between a shaft and sleeve based on their

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    At a glance
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    This passage discusses concepts related to fluid mechanics such as density, pressure, viscosity and their relationships.

    Density decreases with decreasing pressure and increasing temperature based on the ideal gas law. Examples given show calculations of air density at different elevations and temperatures.

    Viscosity can be calculated by taking the ratio of applied force over surface area to the velocity gradient across a gap. An example calculation is shown using values from a description.

    Introduction to Mechanical Engineering: Fluid Mechanics

    Tutorial 5 Solutions - Viscosity, Density & Pressure

    1. The density of water is about 1000kg/m3. Find:

    (a) The corresponding values in the following units: kg/litre, g/ml, g/cm3 , tonne/m3 and
    g/litre. Which is the odd one out?

    1kg = 1000g = 0.001tonne

    1m3 = 1000litres = 106 ml = 106 cm3


    Answer:

    ⇒ 1000kg/m3 = 1kg/litre = 1g/ml = 1g/cm3 = 1tonnes/m3 = 1000g/litre

    (b) The specific volume of oil that has a specific gravity, soil = 0.85
    ρoil
    soil =
    ρwater
    ⇒ ρoil = 0.85 × 1000 = 850kg/m3
    Answer:
    1 1
    voil = = = 0.00118m3/kg
    ρoil 850

    2. Atmospheric pressure is about 100kN/m2

    (a) Find the corresponding values in the following units: P a, bar, MN/m2 , mbar

    1N/m2 = 1P a = 10−5bar = 10−6 bar = 10−2mbar

    Answer:
    ⇒ 100kN/m2 = 105 P a = 1bar = 0.1MN/m2 = 103 mbar
    (b) Estimate values for the atmospheric density at sea level in Scotland and at the summit of
    Mount Everest where the pressure is 0.3bar and the temperature −43◦ C (for Scotland you
    can assume a mean temperature of 15◦ C; optimistic eh?)
    p
    ρ=
    RT
    Answer:
    1 × 105
    ⇒ ρAir,Scotland = = 1.21kg/m3
    287 × (273.15 + 15)
    Answer:
    0.3 × 105
    ⇒ ρAir,Everest = = 0.45kg/m3
    287 × (273.15 − 43)
    3. A tyre pressure gauge indicates 20N/cm2 for a tyre at 34◦ C after a fast motorway run.
    Assuming that the volume of air in the tyre does not change, estimate the indicated pressure
    when the tyre has cooled to 10◦ C. If the tyre is treated as a tube of cross-sectional area 0.015m2
    rolled into a ring of mean diameter 0.35m, estimate the mass of air in the tyre.

    pc Tc
    =
    ph Th

    Tc 10 + 273.15
    ⇒ pc,abs = ph × = 3 × 105 × = 2.766bar
    Th 34 + 273.15
    Answer:
    ⇒ pc,gauge = 1.766bar

    V = 0.015 × π × 0.35 = 0.0165m3

    Answer:
    pV 3 × 105 × 0.0165
    mair = = = 0.056kg
    RT 287 × (34 + 273.15)

    4. A plate, 0.025mm distant from a fixed plate, moves at 0.7m/s and requires a force of 0.2N per
    unit meter to maintain this speed. For a linear velocity profile, determine the viscosity of the
    fluid between the plates.

    F du
    τ= =µ
    A dy

    du 0.7
    = = 28 × 103
    dy 0.025 × 10−3

    F/A 0.2
    µ= =
    du/dy 28 × 103
    Answer:

    µ = 7.14 × 10−6 Ns/m2


    5. A 75mm diameter shaft slides at 0.12m/s through a sleeve 150mm long when a force of 40N
    is applied. If the radial clearance between the shaft and the sleeve is 0.25mm, determine the
    viscosity of the lubricating fluid being used.

    Assuming a linear velocity distribution:

    du 0.12
    = = 480 s−1
    dr 0.25 × 10−3

    A = πDl = π × 7.5 × 15 × 10−4 = 0.0354 m2

    F du
    =τ =µ
    A dv
    Answer:

    40
    ⇒µ= = 2.358 Ns/m2
    0.035 × 480

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