Fluid Mechanics 1 Lesson 1 Q2

Grade 12
General Physics 1
Intro to Fluid Mechanics

and Thermodynamics
What is Fluid
Mechanics?
the branch of mechanics
dealing with the properties
of fluids in various states
and with their reaction to
forces acting upon them.

Branches of Fluid Mechanics
Fluid Hydrodynamics
Fluid statics
Kinematics concerned with
relations bet.
study of deals with velocities and
fluids at velocities and acceleration and
streamlines without the forces exerted
rest
considering forces or upon fluids in
or energy motion
Fluids
substances capable of flowing

possess particles whoch easily move and
change their relative position without
separation of the mass
they offer practically no resistance to
change in form
ideal or perfect fluid - one in which

there is no friction or viscosity
CLASSIFICATION OF FLUIDS
Gases Liquids
are fluids which have are fluids which offer
little resistance to great resistance to
change either in form or change in volume and
volume and occupies all occupies a definite
the space in which it is portion in which it is
contained contained
Properties of Fluids

m V
mass volume density
kg or lbs m^3 kg/m^3
ft^3
liter
lbm/ft^3
SG
specific specific specific
volume weight gravity
m^3/kg N/m^3 no unit
ft^3/lbs lbf/ft^3
PROPERTIES OF FLUIDS
Mass (m) Volume (V)

quantitative measure of the amount of the amount of space that
matter in a given body a substance or object

occupies
m=W/g

it can be in cubic meter

where: m = mass in kg
W = weight in Newton (N) (m^3) or liter (l)
g=acceleration due to gravity
g=9.8m/s^2
Density (p) Specific Volume (v)

volume per unit mass of a substance
mass per unit volume of a substance
v=V/m
v=1/p
where:p = density in kg/m^3
where:v = specific volume is in m^3/kg
m = mass in kg or lbm
m = mass in kg or lbm
V = volume in m^3 or ft^3
V = volume in m^3 or ft^3
pwater = 1000 kg/m^3 or 62.4 lb/ft^3
Specific weight Specific Gravity

also known as "relative density" is
weight per unit volume of a substance the ratio of the density or specific
weight of a substance to the density
or specific weight of some aanother
= W/V standard
sg= p(fluid)/p(std)
where: γ = specific weight in N/m^3
sg= γ(fluid)/γ(std)
m = mass in kg or lbm where: sg = specific gravity
V = volume in m^3 or ft^3 p = density
γ(water) = 9.81kN/m^3 γ specific weight
Pressure in Solids
is the force per unit perpendicular area

over which the force is applied
UNITS:
1 atm = 101325 Pa = 101.325 kPA = 14.696 psi
1 atm = 760 mmHg = 760 torr
1 bar = 100 kPA
Fluid Pressure
the pressure exerted by a fluid at any point

inside it.
The equation reads as Pfluid = ρgh,

where ρ is the density of the liquid
g is the acceleration of gravity, and
h is the height or depth of the liquid
Example
Exercises
The weight of a 1 kg mass at the surface of the
Earth is?
mass and weight

Given: m = 1 kg
Required: W
Solution: W = mg (g= 9.8 m/s^2)
W = (1kg)(9.8 m/s^2)
W = 9.8 m/s^2
What is the mass of a car weighing 12,500 N?
Given: W = 12,500 N
Required: m
Solution: W = mg (g= 9.8 m/s^2)
m = W/g = (12,500 N)/(9.8 m/s^2)
m = 1275.51 kg
The volume of an object is 8 cm^3 and mass of
an object is 84 grams. What is the density of
the object?
Given: V= 8 cm^3 m= 84 g
Required: ρ
Solution: ρ = m/V
density
ρ = (84 g)/(8 cm^3)
ρ = 10.5 gram/cm^3
Volume of an block is 5 cm^3. If the density of

the block is 250 g/cm^3, what is the mass of the
block ?
Given: V= 5 cm^3 ρ= 250 g/cm^3

Required: m
Solution: ρ = m/V
m = pV = (250 g/cm^3)(5 cm^3)
m = 1250 g
You have 5 kg of air in a 0.037 m^3 tank. What
is the specific volume of the air?
specific volume
Given: V=0.037 m^3 m= 5 kg
Required: v
Solution: ν = V / m
ν = 0.037 m^3 / 5 kg
v= 0.0074 m3/kg
The density of silver is 10.49 g/cm3. What is its

specific volume?
Given: p = 10.49 g/cm^3

Required: v
Solution: ν = 1 /ρ
ν = 1 /(10.49 g/cm^3)
v = 0.095 cm^3/g
Calculate the specific weight for oil of volume
6 m³ and weighs 47 kN.
specific weight
Given: V=0.6 m^3 W = 47 KN
Required: y
Solution: y = W/V
y = 47 kN / 6 m³
y = 7.833 kN/m³
An unknown fluid in a 1 liter beaker has a mass of 3 kg.

Its density is 3000 kg/m^3. What is the specific weight of
the fluid?
Given: V= 1L m=3kg ρ = 3000 kg/m^3

Required: y
Solution: y = W/V = ρg
y = 3000kg/m^3(9.81m/s^2)
y = 29430N/m^3
The density of iron is 7850 kg/m3. The specific
gravity of iron related to water with density
1000 kg/m3 is?
specific gravity
Given: p(iron) = 7850 [kg/m^3] p(water)=1000 [kg/m^3]
Required: sg
Solution: sg = p(iron)/p(water)
sg (iron) = 7850 [kg/m^3] / 1000 [kg/m^3]
sg (iron) = 7.85
The specific gravity of gasoline is 0.721.

What is its density?
Given: sg = 0.721
Required: p(gasoline)
Solution: sg = ρ (gasoline)/ρ (water)
ρ(gasoline) = sg x (pwater) = 0.721 (1000 kg/m^3
ρ = 721 kg/m^3
The force of 500 Newton works on a surface of
pressure in solids
2.5 m^2. Determine pressure.
Given: F = 500 N A=2.5 m^2

Required: P
Solution: P = F/A
P = 500 N/ 2.5 m^2
p = 200 N/m^2 or 200 Pascals
If a pressure gauge measures an increase in

3 × 10^4 Pa on an area of 0.07 m^2 what is the
increase in the force applied to the area?
Given: P = 3x10^4 Pa A = 0.07m^2

Required: P
Solution: P = F/A
F = PA = (3x10^4 Pa)(0.07m^2)
F = 2100 N
If the density of sea water is ρ = 1, 030 kg/m^3 ,
what is the pressure at 10 m below sea level?
fluid pressure
Given: ρ = 1, 030 kg/m^3 h = 10m
Required: P(fluid)
Solution: P(fluid)= ρgh
P = (1, 030 kg/m^)(9.81 m/s^2)(10m)
P = 101,043 Pa or 101.04 KPa
A 40-cm tall glass is filled with water to a depth

of 30 cm. What is the pressure at the bottom of
the glass?
Given: h = 30 cm or 0.3 m
Required: P
Solution: P = ρgh
P = (1000kg/m^3 ) (9.81 m/s2 ) (0.3 m)
P = 2943 Pa
ANY QUESTIONS?

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Grade 12

Intro to Fluid Mechanics

Branches of Fluid Mechanics

substances capable of flowing

ideal or perfect fluid - one in which

Mass (m) Volume (V)

it can be in cubic meter

Density (p) Specific Volume (v)

Specific weight Specific Gravity

is the force per unit perpendicular area

the pressure exerted by a fluid at any point

The equation reads as Pfluid = ρgh,

mass and weight

What is the mass of a car weighing 12,500 N?

Volume of an block is 5 cm^3. If the density of

Given: V= 5 cm^3 ρ= 250 g/cm^3

The density of silver is 10.49 g/cm3. What is its

Given: p = 10.49 g/cm^3

An unknown fluid in a 1 liter beaker has a mass of 3 kg.

Given: V= 1L m=3kg ρ = 3000 kg/m^3

The specific gravity of gasoline is 0.721.

Given: F = 500 N A=2.5 m^2

If a pressure gauge measures an increase in

Given: P = 3x10^4 Pa A = 0.07m^2

A 40-cm tall glass is filled with water to a depth

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