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    Number System

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    vikas007chhajed
    The document defines and provides examples of various types of numbers: - Natural numbers are the positive integers 1, 2, 3, etc. Whole numbers include 0. Integers include positive and negative numbers. - Rational numbers can be expressed as fractions. Irrational numbers cannot. Real numbers include rational and irrational. - Prime numbers are only divisible by 1 and themselves, while composite numbers have other factors. Perfect and decimal numbers are also defined. - Tests for divisibility by various integers are provided, such as being divisible by 2 if the last digit is even. Important facts about sums of sequences are also listed. - Expansions of expressions like (x+a)n are given for positive integer exponents

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    Number System

    Uploaded by

    vikas007chhajed
    148 views4 pages
    The document defines and provides examples of various types of numbers: - Natural numbers are the positive integers 1, 2, 3, etc. Whole numbers include 0. Integers include positive and negative numbers. - Rational numbers can be expressed as fractions. Irrational numbers cannot. Real numbers include rational and irrational. - Prime numbers are only divisible by 1 and themselves, while composite numbers have other factors. Perfect and decimal numbers are also defined. - Tests for divisibility by various integers are provided, such as being divisible by 2 if the last digit is even. Important facts about sums of sequences are also listed. - Expansions of expressions like (x+a)n are given for positive integer exponents

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    The document defines and provides examples of various types of numbers: - Natural numbers are the positive integers 1, 2, 3, etc. Whole numbers include 0. Integers include positive and negative numbers. - Rational numbers can be expressed as fractions. Irrational numbers cannot. Real numbers include rational and irrational. - Prime numbers are only divisible by 1 and themselves, while composite numbers have other factors. Perfect and decimal numbers are also defined. - Tests for divisibility by various integers are provided, such as being divisible by 2 if the last digit is even. Important facts about sums of sequences are also listed. - Expansions of expressions like (x+a)n are given for positive integer exponents

    Copyright:

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Download as DOC, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as doc, pdf, or txt
    148 views4 pages

    Number System

    Uploaded by

    vikas007chhajed
    The document defines and provides examples of various types of numbers: - Natural numbers are the positive integers 1, 2, 3, etc. Whole numbers include 0. Integers include positive and negative numbers. - Rational numbers can be expressed as fractions. Irrational numbers cannot. Real numbers include rational and irrational. - Prime numbers are only divisible by 1 and themselves, while composite numbers have other factors. Perfect and decimal numbers are also defined. - Tests for divisibility by various integers are provided, such as being divisible by 2 if the last digit is even. Important facts about sums of sequences are also listed. - Expansions of expressions like (x+a)n are given for positive integer exponents

    Copyright:

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    Download as DOC, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as doc, pdf, or txt
    of 4

    NUMBER

    SYSTEM……
    …

    • Natural Numbers (N) = {1, 2, 3…}


    • Whole Numbers (W) = {0, 1, 2, 3 …}
    • Integers (I) = {…...-3, -2, -1, 0, 1, 2, 3…}
    • Positive integers (I+) = {1, 2, 3…}
    • Negative integers (I-) = {-1, -2, -3…}
    • Rational Numbers (Q) = {p/q: p and q are integers and q≠0} = -2, 5, 7/5etc
    (Note - All Natural, Whole and Integers Numbers are Rational Numbers)

    • Irrational Numbers = can’t be expressed in the form of p/q, where q≠0


    e.g., √2, √3, √5, π, 3+√5, 3√5 etc.
    • Real Numbers = the set of those numbers which are either rational
    or irrational. (Note - All Natural, Whole and Integers Numbers are real numbers)
    • Even Numbers = those numbers which are divisible by 2
    • Odd Numbers = those numbers which aren’t divisible by 2
    • Prime Numbers = divisible only by itself and 1 (no any fraction)
    (Note – 2 is the only even number which is prime (ii) all prime numbers other then 2 are odd
    numbers, all odd numbers are not prime numbers)

    • Composite Numbers = which has other factors including itself and unity
    ( 1 is neither prime nor composite, composite number may be even or odd )

    • Perfect Numbers =
    • Decimal Numbers =

    Vikas Chhajed MBA (Finance)


    Test of Divisibility –
    1. Divisible by 2 : 0 or even number at unit’s place
    2. Divisible by 3 : sum of digits divisible by 3
    3. Divisible by 4 : last two right hand digits are divisible by 4
    4. Divisible by 5 : unit digit either 5 or 0
    5. Divisible by 6 : divisible by 2 and 3
    6. Divisible by 7 : 1812216 – 1 812 216 - Add even and odd group
    812 1+216 = 812 217 difference = 812-217=595
    Which is divisible by 7 hence digit divisible by 7
    7. Divisible by 8 : last three right hand digits are divisible by 8
    8. Divisible by 9 : sum of digits divisible by 9
    9. Divisible by 10 : unit digit is 0
    10 Divisible by 11 : 6159989 = 6 1 5 9 9 8 9 = 6+5+9+9 = 29
    6 1 5 9 9 8 9 = 1+9+8 = 18
    29-18 = 11, hence the digit divisible by 11
    11 Divisible by 12 : divisible by 3 and 4
    12 Divisible by 13 : same rule as 7
    13 Divisible by 14 : divisible by 2 and 7
    14 Divisible by 15 : divisible by 3 and 5
    15 Divisible by 16 : last four right hand digits are divisible by 16
    16 Divisible by 18 : divisible by 9 and its last digit even
    17 Divisible by 25 : last two right hand digits are divisible by 25
    18 Divisible by 125: last three right hand digits are divisible by 125

    Vikas Chhajed MBA (Finance)


    Important Facts –
    • Sum of first n natural numbers = n (n+1) / 2
    • Sum of first n even natural numbers = n (n+1)
    • Sum of first even numbers up to n = n/2 (n/2+1)
    • Sum of first n odd natural numbers = n²
    • Sum of squares of first n natural numbers = n (n+1) (2n+1) / 6
    • Sum of cubes of first n natural numbers = { n (n+1) / 2 }²
    • nth term of a, a+d, a+2d, ……. = a+(n-1) d
    • nth term of a,ar,ar², ……. = arn-1
    • Sum of n terms of a, ar, ar²… = a(rn-1) / (r-1) , where r>1

    Expansion of (x+a)n for any positive integer n


    1. (a+b)2 = a2+2ab+b2 15. (a+1/a)2 = a2+1/a2+2
    2. (a-b)2 = a2-2ab+b2 16. (a-1/a)2 = a2+1/a2-2
    3. (a+b)2+(a-b)2 = 2(a2+b2) 17. (a+1/a)2-(a-1/a)2 = 4
    4. (a+b)2-(a-b)2 = 4ab
    5. (a+b)2 = a2+2ab+b2
    6. (a+b)2 = a2+2ab+b2
    7. a2-b2 = (a+b)(a-b)
    8. a2+b2 = (a+b)2 – 2ab
    9. (a+b)3 = a3+3a2b+3ab2+b3
    3
    10 (a-b) = a3-3a2b+3ab2-b3
    3
    11 (a+b) +(a-b)3 = 2(a3+3ab2)
    3
    12 (a+b) -(a-b)3 = 2(3a2b+b3)
    3
    13 a +b3 = (a+b) (a2-2ab+b2)
    3
    14 a -b3 = (a-b) (a2+2ab+b2)

    Vikas Chhajed MBA (Finance)


    Vikas Chhajed MBA (Finance)

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