EE6340: Information Theory Problem Set 7: I I I I I I I I 1 2 N N N

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EE6340: Information Theory

Problem Set 7

1. Channels with memory have higher capacity. Consider a binary symmetric channel with
Yi = Xi ⊕ Zi , where ⊕ is mod 2 addition, and Xi , Yi ∈ {0, 1}.
Suppose that {Zi } has constant marginal probabilities P r{Zi = 1} = p = 1 − P r{Zi = 0},
but that Z1 , Z2 , .....Zn are not necessarily independent. Assume that Z n is independent
of the input X n . Let C = 1 − H(p, 1 − p). Show that

max I(X1 , X2 , ..., Xn ; Y1 , Y2 , ..., Yn ) ≥ nC.


p(x1 ,x2 ,...xn )

2. Time-varying channels. Consider a time-varying discrete memoryless channel.


Let Y1 , Y2 , ...Yn be conditionally
Qn independent given X1 , X2 , ...Xn , with conditional distri-
bution given by p(y|x) = i=1 pi (yi |xi ). Let X = (X1 , X2 , ...Xn ), Y = (Y1 , Y2 , ..., Yn ).
Find maxp(x) I(X; Y).

3. Can signal alternatives lower capacity? Show that adding a row to a channel transition
matrix does not decrease capacity.

4. A channel with two independent looks at Y. Let Y1 and Y2 be conditionally independent


and identically distributed given X.

(a) Show that I(X; Y1 , Y2 ) = 2I(X; Y1 ) − I(Y1 ; Y2 ).


(b) Conclude that the capacity of the channel (1) is less than twice the capacity of the
channel (2).

X (Y1 , Y2 )

(1)

X Y1

(2)

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