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    Period of The Third Republic (PhilLit)

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    khim Lee
    This document summarizes the period of the Third Republic in the Philippines from 1981 to 1985. It describes how the country transitioned out of martial law and into a new era called the Third Republic. During this time, the people continued to protest the oppression under President Marcos. A major event was the assassination of Senator Benigno Aquino in 1983, which further inflamed tensions. Literature during this period reflected the political situation, with poems, songs, and fables criticizing the government in veiled ways. The media also faced challenges like censorship and harassment. Overall, this was a transitional period as the Philippines emerged from martial law into a new phase of dissent against the Marcos administration.

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    Period of The Third Republic (PhilLit)

    Uploaded by

    khim Lee
    655 views3 pages
    This document summarizes the period of the Third Republic in the Philippines from 1981 to 1985. It describes how the country transitioned out of martial law and into a new era called the Third Republic. During this time, the people continued to protest the oppression under President Marcos. A major event was the assassination of Senator Benigno Aquino in 1983, which further inflamed tensions. Literature during this period reflected the political situation, with poems, songs, and fables criticizing the government in veiled ways. The media also faced challenges like censorship and harassment. Overall, this was a transitional period as the Philippines emerged from martial law into a new phase of dissent against the Marcos administration.

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    Period of the Third Republic(PhilLit)

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    This document summarizes the period of the Third Republic in the Philippines from 1981 to 1985. It describes how the country transitioned out of martial law and into a new era called the Third Republic. During this time, the people continued to protest the oppression under President Marcos. A major event was the assassination of Senator Benigno Aquino in 1983, which further inflamed tensions. Literature during this period reflected the political situation, with poems, songs, and fables criticizing the government in veiled ways. The media also faced challenges like censorship and harassment. Overall, this was a transitional period as the Philippines emerged from martial law into a new phase of dissent against the Marcos administration.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as docx, pdf, or txt
    655 views3 pages

    Period of The Third Republic (PhilLit)

    Uploaded by

    khim Lee
    This document summarizes the period of the Third Republic in the Philippines from 1981 to 1985. It describes how the country transitioned out of martial law and into a new era called the Third Republic. During this time, the people continued to protest the oppression under President Marcos. A major event was the assassination of Senator Benigno Aquino in 1983, which further inflamed tensions. Literature during this period reflected the political situation, with poems, songs, and fables criticizing the government in veiled ways. The media also faced challenges like censorship and harassment. Overall, this was a transitional period as the Philippines emerged from martial law into a new phase of dissent against the Marcos administration.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as docx, pdf, or txt
    of 3

    Period of the Third Republic (1981-1985)

    After ten years of military rule and some changes in the life of the Filipino which started under the New
    Society, Martial Rule was at last lifted on January 2, 1981.
    To those in government, the lifting of military rule heralded a change. To their perceptions, the Philippines
    became a new nation and this; former President Marcos called “The New Republic of the Philippines.”

    A historian called this the Third Republic. The First Republic he claimed was during the Philippine Republic of
    Emilio Aguinaldo when we first got our independence form the Spaniards on June 12, 1898.
    The Second was when the Americans granted us our independence on July 4, 1946. This period, January 2,
    1981, was the Third Republic when we were freed from Military Rule.
    During this period, it cannot be denied that many people seethed with rebellion and protest because of the
    continued oppression and suppression.

    This was further aggravated when former Senator Benigno S. Aquno Jr., the idol of the Filipino masses, whom
    they hoped to be the next president, was president, was brutally murdered on August 21, 1983.
    This stage of the nation had its effect on our literature. After the Aquino assassinated, the people’s voices
    could no long be contained. Both the public and private sectors in government were chanting, and shouting;
    women, men and the youth became bolder and their voices were raised in dissent.

    We can say that Philippine literature, in spite of the many restrictions, still surreptitiously retained its luster.

    THE PALANCA AWARDS


    The Don Carlos Palanca Memorial Awards for literature which was launched in 1950 , continued its
    recognition of the best in the literary fields –poetry, short story, essays, and the one and three-act plays.

    In 1984, the Palanca Awards started choosing the best in novel writing. This contest, held every three years,
    gives time for local writers to write more beautiful and quality works. The next contest on the best novel was
    held in 1987. La Tondeña continues to be its sponsor.

     FILIPINO POETRY
    Poems during this period of the Third Republic were romantic and revolutionary. Writers wrote openly of
    their criticism against the government. The supplications of the people were coached in fiery, colorful, violent,
    profane and insulting language.
     FILIPINO SONGS
    Many Filipino songs dealt with themes that were really true-to-life like those of grief, poverty, aspirations for
    freedom, love of God, of country and of fellowmen.
    Many composers, grieved over Ninoy Aquino’s treacherous assassination composed songs.
    Among them were Coritha, Eric and Freddie Aguilar. Corithaand Eric composed asongtitles LABAN NG BAYAN
    KO and this was first sung by Corithaduring the National Unification Conference of the Opposition in March,
    1985. This was also sung during the Presidential Campaign Movement for Cory Aquino to inspire the
    movement against Marcos in February 1986.
    Freddie Aguilar revived the song BAYAN KO which was written by Jose Corazon de Jesus and C. de Guzman
    during the American period.

     PHILIPPINE FILMS DURING THE PERIOD


    The yearly Festival of Filipino Films continued to be held during this period. The people’s love for sex films
    also was unabated.
    Many producers took advantage of this at the expense of public morality.
     POETRY IN ENGLISH DURING THE THIRD REPUBLIC
    Most especially, during the wake of the tragic BenignoAquino Jr.’sincident, people reacted with shock,
    appalled by the suddenness and the unexpectedness of events.
    Alfredo Navarro Salanga, a consistent writer of Philippines Panorama Magazine in his column “Post-
    PrandalReflections”aptly said it: “darkness in the mind and soul is how some forgotten poet puts it. Its
    suddenness was so profound that we couldn’t but react to it in any other way.”
    Elemental to us (poets or writers) was how to grasp to some meaning –in a symbol, a phrase or word –in the
    language of heart and tongue, the poet’s only candles. So we tried to reach out in the next and perhaps the
    only way we could: by putting pen to paper and speaking out –as partisans in a human drama.Poets,
    surprisingly, by common consent, found themselves writing on a common subject.
    Reproduction of some of them is reprinted here. We aptly call them Protest Poetry of the ‘80’s. The themes of
    most during this time dealt with courage, shock and grief over the “treachery inflicted upon Aquino.”
     MEDIA OF 1983
    Sheila S. Coronel, a PANORAMA staff stalwart, reporting on the state of the media during these times said: it
    was a year of ferment, and change, of old problems made more oppressive by the new throbbing beat of the
    times.” For journalists, it was a year loaded with libel charges, lawsuits and seditious trials which they
    gallantly bore as harassment suits.
    JAJA (Justice for Aquino, Justice for All) Movement called for a boycott of government –controlled newspapers
    in protest of media suppression. People picketed newspapers offices with coffins to symbolize the death of
    press freedom.
    In campuses, newspapers were set afire to protest lack of free expression. Journalists suffered physically and
    otherwise.
    Journalists of 3 major dailies demanded a dialogue with their publishers to “restore credibility and
    respectability”to newspapers.

    Opposition tabloids flourished. They sold our papers with the red news to the starved public; hence, smut
    magazines like the TIKTIK, PLAYBOY SCENE, and SAKDAL also played the sidewalks.
    Radio led by RADIO VERITAS started reporting coverage of demonstrations. Information Minister Gregorio
    Cendañacalled the tabloids the “mosquito press”and called their new “political pornography.”
    However, there was a perceptible liberalization of editorial policies in the major newspapers.

     CHILDREN’S BOOKS
    Among the well-loved forms of writing which abounded during this period were those of children’s stories.
    The Children’s Communication Center (CCC) directed by poet and writer VirgilioS. Almarioalready has built
    up an impressive collection of these kinds of books. The following are some of the books of the period.
    1982:PLAYS FOR CHILDREN by JameB. Reuter S.J. (New Day Pub.)
    1983:STORY TELLING FOR YOUNG CHILDREN
    1983:JOSE AND CARDO by Peggy CorrManuel
     (PROSE) FABLES
    The people’s cry of protest found outlets not only in poetry but also in veiled prose fables which transparently
    satirized the occupants of Malacañang. Among those that saw prints were:
    1. The Crown Jewels of Heezenhurstby Sylvia Mendez Ventura
    2. The Emperor’s New Underwear by MeynardoA. Macaraig
    3. The King’s Cold by BabethLolarga
    4.The Case of the Missing Charisma (unfinished) by Sylvia L. Mayuga.
    In all the fables, the king, differently referred to as TotusMarkus or the king or Haring Matinikwas meant to
    poke fun at the ruler at Malacañang; similarly, Reyna Maganda or the Queen, was a veiled thrust at his queen.
    They were both drunk with power and were punished in the end for their misdeeds.
    THE STATE OF PHILIPPINE LITERATURE IN ENGLISH AT THIS TIME
    IsaganiCruz, writing about Philippine literature in the “Age of Ninoy,”makes the following observations:
    “Philippines literature is definitely changing,”and he summarizes these as follows:
    1. Change in the direction of greater consciousness in content and form.
    2. Change in the number of readers and the number of writers and the kind of class of writers. Writers who
    joined the ranks came not only from the established or professional groups but from all ranks –clerks,
    secretaries, drivers, housewives, students; in short, the masses.

    3. The resurgence of Balagtasismoand the continued dominance of Modernismo. While Balagtasismoturned its
    back on the American challenge to Philippine literature its conservative conventions, Modernismoadapted
    Americanization for its own ends.
    4. The birth of a new poetic movement still dims in outline.
    5. The apparent merging of the erstwhile separate streams of oral and written literature.

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