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    Materials Resistance

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    Omar Alzoubi
    The document discusses torsion and torsional deformation of circular shafts. It defines torsional strain as the twist angle and presents the torsion formula where shear stress varies linearly from the inside to the outside of the shaft. It also discusses polar moment of inertia for solid and tubular shafts, power transmission using torque and angular velocity, angle of twist, and the analysis of statically indeterminate torque-loaded members using equilibrium and compatibility equations.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    Materials Resistance

    Uploaded by

    Omar Alzoubi
    13 views31 pages
    The document discusses torsion and torsional deformation of circular shafts. It defines torsional strain as the twist angle and presents the torsion formula where shear stress varies linearly from the inside to the outside of the shaft. It also discusses polar moment of inertia for solid and tubular shafts, power transmission using torque and angular velocity, angle of twist, and the analysis of statically indeterminate torque-loaded members using equilibrium and compatibility equations.

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    The document discusses torsion and torsional deformation of circular shafts. It defines torsional strain as the twist angle and presents the torsion formula where shear stress varies linearly from the inside to the outside of the shaft. It also discusses polar moment of inertia for solid and tubular shafts, power transmission using torque and angular velocity, angle of twist, and the analysis of statically indeterminate torque-loaded members using equilibrium and compatibility equations.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    13 views31 pages

    Materials Resistance

    Uploaded by

    Omar Alzoubi
    The document discusses torsion and torsional deformation of circular shafts. It defines torsional strain as the twist angle and presents the torsion formula where shear stress varies linearly from the inside to the outside of the shaft. It also discusses polar moment of inertia for solid and tubular shafts, power transmission using torque and angular velocity, angle of twist, and the analysis of statically indeterminate torque-loaded members using equilibrium and compatibility equations.

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    Chapter five

    Torsion
    Torsion
    5.1. Torsional deformation of circular shaft

    Assume the circular shaft shown in the figure(a) with the circular grid
    shown. If a torque is applied to the member as shown in figure (b) and
    the deformation is assumed to be small then

    The circles in the grid will remain circles and


    the longitudinal lines will deform in helical
    (spiral) line.
    From that , we can assume that the radius
    and the length of the shaft will remain
    constant.
    Torsion
    5.1. Torsional deformation of circular shaft

    In torsion, the strain is represented by twist angle (ф(x)).


    As we move in the x-axis, a small difference in the twist angle (∆ф) will
    occur. This difference causes the member

    to has a shear strain (γ):


      '
    2
    Torsion
    TORSION FORMULA

    Assumptions:
    • Linear and elastic deformation
    • Plane section remains plane and undistorted
    If we assume that the torsion stress vary linearly from the inside to the
    outside then     max
    c
    Torsion – shear relationship:
    
    T     dA      maxdA
    A A c
     max
    T 
    2
    dA
    c A

    Tc
     max 
    J
    T
    Similarily ,  
    J
    Torsion
    Polar moment of inertia

    For solid shaft:


    C
    1 4
    C C
    J    dA    2d   2   d  2   
    2 2 3

    A 0 0 4 0

    J c4
    2

    For tubular shaft: J 
    2
    c4
    o  ci4 
    Torsion
    Power transmission

    The power (P) transmit by the torque (T) for a shaft


    that has an angular velocity (ω) is given by

    P  T .
    • P is the power in Watt
    •T is the torque in N.m
    •ω angular velocity in rad/s

    If the frequency of the machine (f) is given in Hz, the


    power become

    P  T .2f 
    Torsion
    Power transmission

    Shaft design: if the power transmitted and the


    machine frequency are known, the torque can be
    found as
    P
    P
    T 
     2f
    The value of (T) mustn't exceed the allowable torsion
    stress (τallow). The torsion stress formula is substituted
    in the power equation above, we will have a design
    criteria for solid shaft that has radius equal (c)
    J T

    c  allow
    What you need to find is the minimum c that bear the
    applied stress. Remember that J contains the term c
    Torsion
    ANGLE OF TWIST

    dx
    d  

    T x 
    d  dx
    J  x G

    For constant torque and cross-sectional area:


    TL
    
    JG
    For multiple torques:
    TL
     
    JG
    Torsion
    ANGLE OF TWIST

    Sign convention for both torque and angle of twist


    - positive if (right hand) thumb directs outward from the shaft
    Torsion
    STATICALLY INDETERMINATE TORQUE-
    LOADED MEMBERS

    Procedure for analysis:


    use both equilibrium and compatibility equations

    Equilibrium
    Draw a free-body diagram of the shaft in order to identify all the torques
    that act on it. Then write the equations of moment equilibrium about
    the axis of the shaft.

    Compatibility
    To write the compatibility equation, investigate the way the shaft will twist
    when subjected to the external loads, and give consideration as to how
    the supports constrain the shaft when it is twisted.
    Torsion
    STATICALLY INDETERMINATE TORQUE-
    LOADED MEMBERS

    Express the compatibility condition in terms of the rotational displacements


    caused by the reactive torques, and then use a torque-displacement
    relation, such as Φ = TL/JG, to relate the unknown torques to the
    unknown displacements.

    Solve the equilibrium and compatibility equations for the unknown reactive
    torques. If any of the magnitudes have a negative numerical value, it
    indicates that this torque acts in the opposite sense of direction to that
    indicated on the free-body diagram.

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