This document describes procedures for conducting a moisture-density relationship (compaction) test to determine how the moisture content and dry density of a soil sample relate under specified compactive effort. The test involves compacting prepared soil samples at incrementally increased moisture contents, measuring the wet and dry density of each, and plotting the results to identify the optimum moisture content that achieves greatest dry density. Key steps include mixing soil with water, compacting layers in a mold using a rammer, determining moisture content and densities, and analyzing the data points graphically.
This document describes procedures for conducting a moisture-density relationship (compaction) test to determine how the moisture content and dry density of a soil sample relate under specified compactive effort. The test involves compacting prepared soil samples at incrementally increased moisture contents, measuring the wet and dry density of each, and plotting the results to identify the optimum moisture content that achieves greatest dry density. Key steps include mixing soil with water, compacting layers in a mold using a rammer, determining moisture content and densities, and analyzing the data points graphically.
This document describes procedures for conducting a moisture-density relationship (compaction) test to determine how the moisture content and dry density of a soil sample relate under specified compactive effort. The test involves compacting prepared soil samples at incrementally increased moisture contents, measuring the wet and dry density of each, and plotting the results to identify the optimum moisture content that achieves greatest dry density. Key steps include mixing soil with water, compacting layers in a mold using a rammer, determining moisture content and densities, and analyzing the data points graphically.
This document describes procedures for conducting a moisture-density relationship (compaction) test to determine how the moisture content and dry density of a soil sample relate under specified compactive effort. The test involves compacting prepared soil samples at incrementally increased moisture contents, measuring the wet and dry density of each, and plotting the results to identify the optimum moisture content that achieves greatest dry density. Key steps include mixing soil with water, compacting layers in a mold using a rammer, determining moisture content and densities, and analyzing the data points graphically.
(COMPACTION) TEST Introduction This laboratory test is performed to determine the relationship between the moisture content and the dry density of a soil for a specified compactive effort. Two types of compaction tests are routinely performed:
The Standard Proctor Test
The Modified Proctor Test
The Modified Proctor Test is identical to the Standard Proctor Test except it employs, a 10 lb hammer falling a distance of 18 inches, and uses five equal layers of soil instead of three.
The optimum water content is the water content that results in the greatest density for a specified compactive effort. The soil compacted lower than (dry of) the optimum water content typically results in a flocculated soil structure (random particle orientations) that has the opposite characteristics of the soil compacted wet of the optimum water content to the same density.
Apparatus
Drying Oven Straight edge
Molds Mixing pan Manual rammer Trowel Extruder Moisture can Balance Graduated cylinder Test Procedure
Depending on the type of mold you are using obtain a sufficient quantity of air-dried soil in large mixing pan. For the 4-inch mold take approximately 10 lbs, and for the 6-inch mold take roughly 15 lbs. Pulverize the soil and run it through the # 4 sieve.
Determine the weight of the soil sample as well as the weight of the compaction mold with its base (without the collar) by using the balance and record the weights.
Compute the amount of initial water to add by the following method:
o Assume water content for the first test to be 8 percent.
o Compute water to add from the following equation: water to add (in ml) = soil mass in grams 8/100 water to add (in ml) = soil mass in grams 8/100 o Where “water to add” and the “soil mass” are in grams. Remember that a gram of water is equal to approximately one milliliter of water.
Measure out the water, add it to the soil, and then mix it thoroughly into the soil using the trowel until the soil gets a uniform color.
Assemble the compaction mold to the base, place some soil in the mold and compact the soil in the number of equal layers specified by the type of compaction method employed (See Photos D and E). The number of drops of the rammer per layer is also dependent upon the type of mold used (See Table 1). The drops should be applied at a uniform rate not exceeding around 1.5 seconds per drop, and the rammer should provide uniform coverage of the specimen surface. Try to avoid rebound of the rammer from the top of the guide sleeve.
The soil should completely fill the cylinder and the last compacted layer must extend slightly above the collar joint. If the soil is below the collar joint at the completion of the drops, the test point must be repeated. (Note: For the last layer, watch carefully, and add more soil after about 10 drops if it appears that the soil will be compacted below the collar joint.)
Carefully remove the collar and trim off the compacted soil so that it is completely even with the top of the mold using the trowel. Replace small bits of soil that may fall out during the trimming process
Weigh the compacted soil while it’s in the mold and to the base, and record the mass. Determine the wet mass of the soil by subtracting the weight of the mold and base.
Remove the soil from the mold using a mechanical extruder and take soil moisture content samples from the top and bottom of the specimen. Fill the moisture cans with soil and determine the water content. Place the soil specimen in the large tray and break up the soil until it appears visually as if it will pass through the # 4 sieve, add 2 percent more water based on the original sample mass, and re-mix as in step 4. Repeat steps 5 through 9 until, based on wet mass, a peak value is reached followed by two slightly lesser compacted soil masses.
Analysis
Calculate the moisture content of each compacted soil specimen by using the average of the two water contents.
Compute the wet density in grams per cm3 of the compacted soil sample by dividing the wet mass by the volume of the mold used.
Compute the dry density using the wet density and the water content determined in step 1. Use the following formula:
1 Where, W = moisture content in percent divided by 100 = wet density in grams per cm3.
Plot the dry density values on the y-axis and the moisture contents on the x-axis. Draw a smooth curve connecting the plotted points.
On the same graph draw a curve of complete saturation or “zero air voids curve”. The values of dry density and corresponding moisture contents for plotting the curve can be computed from the following equation: 1 100
Where, = dry density of soil grams per cm3
= specific gravity of the soil being tested (assume 2.70 if not given) = density of water in grams per cm3 (approximately1 g/cm3) = moisture content in percent for complete saturation. Water content, w 0.084 0.106 0.129 0.144 0.166 0.186
