23.

Footing Design

Given Data : Find : Spacing S & As

kN
Allowable Soil Bearing Capacity under Footings qa = 250
2
m

Dept of Footing H = 1.5m

Side of Stump Column bc = 300 mm hc = 600mm

Materials f'c = 30MPa fy = 390MPa

Load on Footing

Psls = 1700kN

Pu = 2240kN

Reduction factor for Shear ϕ = 0.75 (ACI.9.3.2.3)

 db   18 
Diameter of Main bar   =   mm
 dsh   16 
 

Clear Cover for Pile Cap CL = 75 mm

Solution Reference

1. Calculate Side of Footing

Effective Bearing Capacity of Soil

kN kN
qe = qa − 20 H qe = 220
3 2
m m
Required area of footing
Psls 2
Areq = Areq = 7.727 m
qe

B = Ceil ( Areq , 100mm ) B = 2.8 m

L = B L = 2.8 m

A = B L
2 2
A = 7.84 m > Areq = 7.727 m ,OK

2. Determination dept of Footing

Bearing Capacity of Soil

Pu kN
qu = qu = 285.714
A 2
m
Assume h = 600mm

 db 
d = h −  CL +  d = 516 mm
 2 

Punching Shear

(
A0 = bc + d  hc + d )( ) A0 = 0.911 m
2

Vu = qu A − A0 ( ) Vu = 1979.813 kN
Punching shear strength
Perimeter of Critical Section

( ) (
b0 =  bc + d + hc + d   2
  ) b0 = 3.864 m

Ratio of Long side to short side of the column

bc
β = β = 0.5
hc

Modification factor for type of concrete

λ= λ=1 (ACI 8.6.1)

αs = αs = 40 (ACI.11.11.2.1)

Punching shear strength is the minimum of :

 f'c 
 0.33MPa λ  b0 d 
 MPa 
 
f'c
ϕVc = ϕ min   2
0.17MPa  1 +  λ  b0 d 
  β  (ACI.11.11.2)
MPa
 
  α s d  f'c 
 0.083MPa  b + 2  λ MPa  b0 d 
  0  
ϕVc = 2702.854 kN

Punching Shear = "OK" if ϕVc  Vu

"Inlarge Dept of Footing" otherwise

Punching Shear = "OK"

Design of One-way Shear in axis X
One-way Shear in axis X

 db 
d = h −  CL +  d = 516 mm
 2 

 L − hc 
Vux = qu B  − d Vux = 467.2 kN
 2 
One Way Shear Strength

f'c
ϕVcx = ϕ 0.17MPa λ  B d ϕVcx = 1008.971 kN (ACI.11.2.1.1)
MPa

One-way Shear Strength in axis X = "Enough" if ϕVcx  Vux

"Inlarge the Section" otherwise

One-way Shear Strength in axis X = "Enough"

Calculate Rebar of Fooing

• Long Direction in axis X

Calculate the bending moment and steel reinforcement

Width of Footing b = B b = 2.8 m

Length of Footing L = 2.8 m

kN
Distributed Load(kN/m) q1 = qu b q1 = 800
m

L − hc
Moment arm LL = LL = 1.1 m
2
2
q1 LL
Max Bending Moment MuL = MuL = 484 kN m
2
Total tension reinforcement ratio
MuL kN
RL = RL = 721.349
2 2
0.9 b d m

f'c  RL 
ρ = 0.85   1 − 1 − 2 ρ = 0.002
fy  0.85 f'c 
 

Minimum tesion reinforcement ratio

 f'c 
 0.25MPa 
 MPa 1.4MPa 
ρmin1 = max , (ACI.10.5.1)
 fy fy 
 
4
ρmin2 = ρ (ACI.10.5.3)
3
(
ρmin = min ρmin1 , ρmin2 ) ρmin = 0.003

Reinforcement area require

(
AsL = max ρ , ρmin  b d) AsL = 3614.969 mm
2

Rebar dimeter db = 18 mm

π db
Areas 2
2
Ad = Ad = 254.469 mm
4
Number of Rebars

 AsL 
n = ceil   n = 15
 Ad 
Spacing Provide
b − 2 50mm
SL = Floor  , 10 mm SL = 180 mm
 n 
2
As.pro.L = n Ad As.pro.L = 3817.035 mm
 Temperature and Shrinkage for Long Direction in axis X

ρtL = 0.0018

Width of Footing b = B

Tem and Shrink reinforcement require

As.shrikage.L = ρtL b h

2
As.shrikage.L = 3024 mm

Rebar dimeter dsh = 16 mm

π dsh
2
2
Areas Ash = Ash = 201.062 mm
4

Number of Rebars

 As.shrikage.L 
n = ceil   n = 16
Ash
 
Spacing Provide
b − 2 50 mm
SsL = Floor  , 10 mm
 n 
SsL = 160 mm

Design of One-way Shear in axis Y

One-way Shear in axis Y

 B − bc 
Vuy = qu L  − d Vuy = 587.2 kN
 2 
 One Way Shear Strength

 db 
d = h −  CL + db + 
 2

f'c
ϕVcy = ϕ 0.17MPa λ  L d ϕVcy = 973.774 kN (ACI.11.2.1.1)
MPa

One-way Shear Strength in axis Y = "Enough" if ϕVcy  Vuy

"Inlarge the Section" otherwise

One-way Shear Strength in axis Y = "Enough"

Calculate Rebar of Fooing

• Short Direction in axis Y

Calculate the bending moment and steel reinforcement

Width of Footing b = L

Length of Footing B = 2.8 m

kN
Distributed Load(kN/m) q1 = qu b q1 = 800
m
B − bc
Moment arm LS = LS = 1.25 m
2
2
q1 LS
Max Bending Moment MuS = MuS = 625 kN m
2

Total tension reinforcement ratio

MuS kN
RS = RS = 1000.048
2 2
0.9 b d m

f'c  RS 
ρ = 0.85  1 − 1 − 2 ρ = 0.003
fy  0.85 f'c 
 
 Minimum tesion reinforcement ratio

 f'c 
 0.25MPa 
 MPa 1.4MPa 
ρmin1 = max , (ACI.10.5.1)
 fy fy 
 
4
ρmin2 = ρ ρmin2 = 0.003 (ACI.10.5.3)
3

(
ρmin = min ρmin1 , ρmin2 ) ρmin = 0.003

Reinforcement area require

(
As.S = max ρ , ρmin  b d ) As.S = 4864.747 mm
2

Rebar dimeter db = 18 mm

π db
2
2
Areas Ad = Ad = 254.469 mm
4

Number of Rebars

 As.S 
n = ceil   n = 20
 Ad 

Spacing Provide

b − 2 50mm
SS = Floor  , 10 mm SS = 130 mm
 n 
2
As.pro.S = n Ad As.pro.S = 5089.38 mm
Temperature and Shrinkage for Short Direction

ρtS = 0.0018

Width of Footing b = L b = 2.8 m

Tem and Shrink reinforcement require

As.shrikage.S = ρtS b h

2
As.shrikage.S = 3024 mm

Rebar dimeter dsh = 16 mm

π dsh
2
2
Areas Ash = Ash = 201.062 mm
4

Number of Rebars

 As.shrikage.S 
n = ceil   n = 16
Ash
 

Spacing Provide

b − 2 50 mm
SsS = Floor  , 10 mm  SsS = 160 mm
 n 
 Bending Moment Required Rebar Area Diameter Spacing
Direction Location
(kN*m) (mm²) (mm) (mm)

TOP -- 3024 16 160

Long
BOTTOM 484.000 3614.969 18 180

TOP -- 3024 16 160

Short
BOTTOOM 625.000 4864.747 18 130

ϕc = 0.65
2
A1 = bc hc = 1800 cm

N1 = ϕ 0.85 f'c A1 = 3442.5 kN (ACI.10.14)

N1 = 3442.5 kN > Pu = 2240 kN , OK.

 0.24  14mm f 
 y 
MPa 0.043
ldc = max  ,  14mm fy , 200mm = 239.245 mm
 f'c MPa 
 
 MPa 