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lntroduction
This is the fourth article in the series started in January 2002. The first item to report is that
afl certification documents referenced in January 2002 are still valid although you should be
aware that meetings are under way to consider a merging of NAS410 and EN4179. ln this
month's article we review the Levels of Qualification remembering that I have argued the case
that as the Employer is responsible for the Certification of his NDT personnel - then he
should have a Written Practice which clearly defines the parameters within which the authority
to carry out NDT are made.
Written Practice
ln Article 2 I argued the need for a Written Practice. This Article now moves onto elements of
the Written Practice and develops a number of themes in subsequent months. For
completeness, the elements of the Written Practice are as follows:
a. Scope
b. Definitions
c. Methods
d. Levels of Qualification
e. Education, Training and Experience
f. Examinations(Physical,General,Specific,Practical)
S. Certification
h. Expiration
Detail
a. Scope - this defines the purpose of the Written Practice and the reference
documents.
b. Definitions - self-explanatory.
c. Methods - here the Employer defines the methods to be covered by the Written
Practice, for example, Magnetic Testing, Ultrasonic Testing etc. - an employer-
based programme allows these methods to be subdivided as necessary to totally
suit the Company's requirements; a Central Certification programme is confined
to the programmes and sectors as defined by that Certification System.
d. Levels of Qualification
An over-riding principle to be aware of here is that Central Certification

programmes (PCN/EN473/1SO9712) have set definitions which cannot be
changed by the Employer; whereas the Employer based programmes (SNT-TC-
1A) can through the Employer's Written Practice subdivide these levels for
situations where additional levels are deemed necessary for specific skills and
responsibilities.
All systems agree on three basic levels - Level 1, Level 2 and Level 3 although
some sectors in PCN - aerospace for instance - only have Levels 2 and 3 - i.e.
no Level 1 qualification.
Generally speaking all systems tend to agree on what competence will have been
achieved by each level and here is a resume of these:
Trainee (not a level of qualification)
Whilst in the process of being initially trained, qualified, and certified, an individual should
be considered a trainee. A trainee should work with a certified individual. The trainee
shall not independently conduct, interpret, evaluate, or report the results of any NDT.
NDT Level 1
An NDT Level 1 individual should:
i. be qualified to properly perform specific calibrations;

ii. be qualified to carry out specific NDT and specific evaluations for acceptance.or
rejection determinations according to written instructions and to record results;
iii. receive the necessary instruction or supervision from a certified NDT Level 2 or 3
individual;
NDT Level 2
An NDT Level 2 individual should:
i. be qualified to set up and calibrate equipment;

ii. be qualified to interpret and evaluate results with respect to applicable codes,
standards, and specifications;
iii. be thoroughly familiar with the scope and limitations of the methods for which
qualified and should exercise assigned responsibility for on-the-job training and
guidance of trainees and NDT Level 1 personnel;
iv. be able to organise and report the results of NDT.
NDT Level 3
An NDT Level3 individualshould:
i. be qualified to establish techniques and procedures;

i¡. be qualified to interpret codes, standards, specifications, and procedures;
iii. be qualified to designate the particular NDT methods, techniques and procedures
to be used;
iv. be responsible for the NDT operations for which qualified and assigned and
should be capable of interpreting and evaluating results in terms of existing
codes, standards, and specifications;
v. have sufficient practical background in applicable materials, fabrication, and
product technology to establish techniques and to assist in establishing
acceptance criteria when none are othen¡rise available;
vi, have general familiari§ with other appropriate NDT methods, as demonstrated by
the Level 3 Basic examination or other means;
vii. in the methods for which certified, be capable of training and examining NDT
Level I and 2 personnel for certification in those methods.
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A Note on Nomenclature
i. CentralCertification
Where Central Certification exams have been carried out then it is acceptable to
use PCN Level 1 or EN473 or lSO9712 Level 2 as appropriate to the exams.
It is also common practice for those NDT personnel who have been examined by
the ASNT NDT Level 3 programme to call themselves ASNT Level 3s. There are
a small number of ASNT NDT Level 3s who were originally grand fathered into
the scheme in 1976-1977 without examination - ASNT views these people as
being exactly equal with those who subsequently passed the exams'
ii. Employer Based Certification
It is my consideration that to use the term ASNT Level 1 or 2 is misleading and

constiiutes a misunderstanding of the system. The reason for this is that it
implies examination by ASNT - which in terms of employer certification is
incorrect. The current term would be Company X NDT Level 2, This then follows
through that when the employee leaves Company X his certificate becomes
invalid. This will be covered in a later article.
Here is an example of how the Employer may use the Written Practice and, ultimately, the
whole certification process, to precisely define his needs. Take, for example, an operator who
carries out Magnetic Particle Testing using only a bench unit to test 30 mm diameter 300 mm
long forged bars with fluorescent ink.
PCN can only offer MT Level 2 Wrought Products, whilst the Employer's Written Practice to
SNT-TC-1A could define the operator's certification precisely
A final point to note - which will be discussed later in the series - is that the operator holding
a PCN Certificate for MT Wrought Products could in fact move to another employer and begin
work with the approval of the Employe/s Certifying Authority, whereas the SNT operator will
lose his certification upon leaving the Company as it was only valid whilst in the employ of
that company.
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Conclusions
a. For Central Certification systems the levels of qualification are clearly defined and
cannot be changed.
b. Employer based programmes allow the employer the flexibility of precisely

determining specific operator roles within the Written Practice
c. As in all systems where the employer is responsible for giving the NDT operator
the authority to work, it is most important that the employer appreciates the
responsibillty and scope given to each level of NDT technician.
S J LAVENDER
Note: items e., f., 9., and h. under Written Practice will be covered during the series published
during 2002
tirl:x ii

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:: :i ri J ¡ .'n- ii r?¿,-. 1:Í/r .ti1:a + .ri'a!

rlii-:i, ,r,i * i..ir+U+ir'i ,i '::ii:;iiiiii":'rtfi¡::t: i-rV Í:i ; Lui.::j,f'

An over-riding principle to be aware of here is that Central Certification

An NDT Level 1 individual should:

i. be qualified to properly perform specific calibrations;

An NDT Level 2 individual should:

i. be qualified to set up and calibrate equipment;

An NDT Level3 individualshould:

i. be qualified to establish techniques and procedures;

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ii. Employer Based Certification

It is my consideration that to use the term ASNT Level 1 or 2 is misleading and

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b. Employer based programmes allow the employer the flexibility of precisely

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