Industrial dryers are used to efficiently process large quantities of bulk materials that need reduced

moisture levels. Depending on the amount and the makeup of material needing to be dried, industrial
dryers come in many different models constructed specifically for the type and quantity of material to
be processed.

1. FLUIDIZED BED DRYER

A Fluid Bed Dryer uses a container equipped with

vertical jets of hot gases for the uniform transfer of
thermal energy from a hot gas stream to a moisture
laden product, for the purpose of moisture reduction in
the product. For proper drying the particle must have
near spherical shape as well as uniform small size and
moisture content. The wet product must be uniformly
introduced into the drying gas stream where the
moisture is flashed off. The dried product is removed
from the exiting gas stream.
Applicable: 
Widely applied in chemical, mining, pharmaceutical, food, feed, industrial and municipal sludge
treatment industries

2. ROTARY DRYER
A Rotary Dryer uses a rotating cylindrical
drum, which acts as a container for the uniform
transfer of thermal energy from a hot gas stream to
a moisture laden product, for the purpose of
moisture reduction in the product. Wet product is
introduced into the inlet of the drum where it is
dried as it is conveyed to the drum’s outlet. The
drum is equipped with flighting to disperse the
product into the drying gas stream as the drum
rotates. The product can either be conveyed
pneumatically or it can be conveyed by gravity if the drum is on a slope. There are several different
types of rotary dryers and they can be used in many different applications.

Applicable Materials: 
Widely used in chemical, mining, metallurgy, agriculture, feed, fertilizer and other industrial fields.
Such as ore, slag, coal, metal powder, diatomaceous earth, kaolin, starch residue, distiller's grains,
dregs, soy sauce residue, fertilizer, potassium chloride, potassium sulfate, etc., sludge, aquatic
product waste, food factory waste, phosphorus fertilizer sulfur Ammonium, light calcium carbonate,
clay, lime slurry, ore mud, phosphate rock slag, aluminum plant red mud. 
It is widely used in building materials, metallurgy, chemical, cement industry to dry slag limestone,
coal powder, slag, clay and other materials.
 3. ROLLING BED DRYERS
Are used for efficiently processing large amounts of material that need their respective moisture
levels reduced. Rolling bed dryers are most often used for drying wood chips and organic residues
and are most often utilized in the biomass, waste/recycling, wood particle board, pellet,
and biofuel industries.
Applications:
 Wood chips
 Cropped biomass
 Alternative fuels
 Sugar beets pulp
 Bush reaping
 Greenery cut
 Trimmings
 Green waste

4. CONDUCTION DRYERS
Conduction (contact drying) Contact drying involves an
indirect method for removing liquid from a solid material by
applying heat. In contact drying, the heat-transfer medium is
separated from the material to be dried by a metal wall. Heat
transfer to the product occurs predominantly by conduction
through metal walls and impellers. Mixing is required to
ensure contact between the material surface and the heat-
transfer surface. Heat-transfer fluids are often steam, hot
water, or heated oil.

Application:
 Textile industry
 Paper industry
 Record Industry
 Chemical Industry

5. CONVECTIVE DRYERS
Convective drying is the most common
way of thermal drying. Gases from combustion
or air heaters circulate through or over the
product and evaporate the solvent. Convective
drying requires large flows of hot drying gas,
which is the energy carrier. Its treatment requires
special attention.
Application:
 Textile industry
 Paper industry
 Record Industry
 Chemical Industry

6. PHARMACEUTICAL DRYERS

Pharmaceutical Dryers are used to remove liquids or moisture from bulk solids, powders,
parts, continuous sheets or other liquids by evaporation or sublimation.
The Fluid Bed Dryer is most suitable for
drying granular crystalline, coarse or
similar material in pharmaceuticals, fine
chemicals, dyes, food and allied products.
The fluid Bed dryer is not suitable for
drying liquid or pasty materials.

Tray Dryer
Application:
Tray Dryers are used where heating and
drying are essential parts of the
manufacturing process in industries such as
Chemicals, Dye stuff, Pharmaceutical, Food
Products, Colors etc.

Belt dryer
Application:
Belt dryer is continuous drying equipment.
Belt Dryer is widely used for chemical,
food, pharmaceutical industries. It isBelt
Dryer especially suitable for drying raw
materials that are good in breathability and
in the shapes of piece, strip or granule.

7. SUSPENSION DRYERS

The fluid is distributed by means of nozzles and then dried on the inert bodies that are
fluidized with hot process air. During this process, the solid is reliably degglomerated and turned into
extremely fine powder. Caking is minimized by the frequent collisions between the spheres. The
dried solid is discharged with the drying air and separated
from the exhaust air flow in high-performance filter
systems.

Applications:

Suspension dryers can be used to homogenize and dry

suspensions, challenging pastes, or solid filter cakes and
process them into powders. It is ideal in Waste/recycling,
Chemicals, Pharmaceuticals and Ceramics industries application.

8. TOROIDAL BED DRYER

The dryer works on a jet mill principle and contains no moving
parts. Transport of solid material within the drying zone is
accomplished entirely by high velocity air movement. Heated process
air is distributed through three manifold jets to the lower segment of the
toroidal drying zone chamber. The air from one of the three jets is
directed in such a way as to impinge upon the incoming wet feed
material and propel this material into the drying zone, where particle
size reduction and drying begins. In a toroidal bed dryer heated air
enters the drying chamber through blades or louvers, creating fast
moving, rotating beds of particles.

Applications:
Toroid dryers are developed for sludge drying in wastewater treatment plants
A fire sprinkler system is an active fire protection method, consisting of a water supply system,
providing adequate pressure and flow rate to a water distribution piping system, onto which fire
sprinklers are connected.

1. WET PIPE SYSTEMS

By a wide margin, wet pipe sprinkler systems
are installed more often than all other types of
fire sprinkler systems. They also are the most
reliable, because they are simple, with the only
operating components being the automatic
sprinklers and (commonly, but not always) the
automatic alarm check valve. An automatic
water supply provides water under pressure to
the system piping.
Applications:
 Wet pipe systems are typically used in
accommodation and similar areas with solid combustibles. 

2. DRY PIPE SYSTEMS

Dry pipe systems are the second most common sprinkler system type. Dry pipe systems are installed
in spaces in which the ambient temperature may be cold enough to freeze the water in a wet pipe
system, rendering the system inoperable. Dry pipe systems are most often used in unheated buildings,
in parking garages, in outside canopies
attached to heated buildings (in which a wet
pipe system would be provided), or
in refrigerated coolers Water is not present in
the piping until the system operates; instead,
the piping is filled with air at a pressure below
the water supply pressure. To prevent the
larger water supply pressure from prematurely
forcing water into the piping, the design of the
dry pipe valve (a specialized type of check
valve) results in a greater force on top of the
check valve clapper by the use of a larger valve clapper area exposed to the piping air pressure, as
compared to the higher water pressure but smaller clapper surface area.
Applications:
Dry pipe systems are typically used in spaces subject to freezing.

3. DELUGE SYSTEMS
"Deluge" systems are systems in which all sprinklers connected to the
water piping system are open, in that the heat sensing operating element is
removed, or specifically designed as such. These systems are used for
special hazards where rapid fire spread is a concern, as they provide a
simultaneous application of water over the entire hazard. They are sometimes installed in personnel
egress paths or building openings to slow travel of fire (e.g. openings in a fire-rated wall).
Water is not present in the piping until the system operates. Because the sprinkler orifices are open,
the piping is at atmospheric pressure. To prevent the water supply pressure from forcing water into
the piping, a "deluge valve" is used in the water supply connection, which is a mechanically latched
valve. It is a non-resetting valve, and stays open once tripped.
Applications:
 Deluge systems are typically used for the protection of machinery with flammable liquid fire hazard.

4. PRE-ACTION SYSTEMS
Pre-action fire sprinkler systems employ the basic concept of a dry
pipe system in that water is not normally contained within the pipes.
The difference, however, is that water is held from piping by an
electrically operated valve, known as a pre-action valve. Valve
operation is controlled by independent flame, heat, or smoke
detection.
Two separate events must happen to initiate sprinkler discharge.
First, the detection system must identify a developing fire and then
open the pre-action valve. This allows water to flow into system
piping, which effectively creates a wet pipe sprinkler system.
Second, individual sprinkler heads must release to permit water flow
onto the fire.
Applications:
 Pre-action systems are used to protect areas where the risk of false discharge or leakage must be kept
to an absolute minimum.

5. FOAM-WATER SPRINKLER SYSTEM

A foam-water system sprinkler system is a special system that is

pipe-connected to a source of foam concentrate and to a water
supply equipped with appropriate discharge devices for
extinguishing agent discharge and for distribution over the area to
be protected. The piping system is connected to the water supply
through a control valve that is usually actuated by operation of
automatic electrical detection equipment or from pneumatically
charged sprinkler head detection.

Application:
They are used in locations where putting out a fire could be extra
challenging. These systems are often found in buildings that
contain extremely flammable liquids. Foam systems are used in
places that are considered high hazard areas, such as power plants, off shore oil rigs, aircraft hangars
and chemical storage or processing facilities.

6. WATER SPRAY
"Water spray" systems are operationally identical to a
deluge system, but the piping and discharge nozzle
spray patterns are designed to protect a uniquely
configured hazard, usually being three-dimensional
components or equipment (i.e. as opposed to a deluge
system, which is designed to cover the horizontal floor
area of a room). The nozzles used may not be listed
fire sprinklers, and are usually selected for a specific
spray pattern to conform to the three-dimensional
nature of the hazard (e.g. typical spray patterns being
oval, fan, full circle, and narrow jet). Examples of
hazards protected by water spray systems are electrical
transformers containing oil for cooling or turbo-
generator bearings. Water spray systems can also be used externally on the surfaces of tanks
containing flammable liquids or gases (such as hydrogen). Here the water spray is intended to cool
the tank and its contents to prevent tank rupture/explosion (BLEVE) and fire spread.
Applications:
Water spray systems are generally used for fire protection of flammable liquid and gas storage tanks,
piping, plumbing equipment, electrical equipment such as transformers, oil switches, rotating
electrical machinery etc. and for protection of openings in fire walls and floors.

7. WATER MIST SYSTEMS

A water mist system is a fire protection system which uses very fine water sprays (i.e. water mist).
The small water droplets allow the water mist
to control, suppress or extinguish fires by:
cooling both the flame and surrounding gases
by evaporation, displacing oxygen by
evaporation, attenuating radiant heat by the
small droplets themselves

Applications:
Typical applications, we see them going into some data centers out there, museums and theaters.
Some historic homes have chosen water mist systems to have less water damage, and then large
office buildings, so buildings companies are building that are high technology users.
NFPA 13 - STANDARD FOR THE INSTALLATION OF SPRINKLER SYSTEMS SCOPE

1.1 This standard provides a range of sprinkler system approaches, design development alternatives,
and component options that are all acceptable. Building owners and their designated representatives
are advised to carefully evaluate proposed selections for appropriateness and preference.

1.1.1 This standard shall provide the minimum requirements for the design and installation of
automatic fire sprinkler systems and exposure protection sprinkler systems covered within this
standard.

1.1.2 This standard shall not provide requirements for the design or installation of water mist fire
protection systems, which are not considered fire sprinkler systems and are addressed by NFPA 750.

1.1.3* This standard is written with the assumption that the sprinkler system shall be designed to
protect against a single fire originating within the building. A.

1.1.3 This standard also provides guidance for the installation of systems for exterior protection and
specific hazards. Where these systems are installed, they are also designed for protection of a fire
from a single ignition source.

NFPA 20 - STANDARD FOR THE INSTALLATION OF STATIONARY PUMPS FOR FIRE

PROTECTION SCOPE

1.1 For more information, see NFPA 25, Standard for the Inspection, Testing, and Maintenance of
Water-Based Fire Protection Systems, and NFPA 70, National Electrical Code, Article 695.

1.1.1 This standard deals with the selection and installation of pumps supplying liquid for private fire
protection.

1.1.2 The scope of this document shall include liquid supplies; suction, discharge, and auxiliary
equipment; power supplies, including power supply arrangements; electric drive and control; diesel
engine drive and control; steam turbine drive and control; and acceptance tests and operation.

1.1.3 This standard does not cover system liquid supply capacity and pressure requirements, nor does
it cover requirements for periodic inspection, testing, and maintenance of fire pump systems.

1.1.4 This standard does not cover the requirements for installation wiring of fire pump units.
TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY OF THE PHILIPPINES – VISAYAS
CITY OF TALISAY, NEGROS OCCIDENTAL

RESEARCH WORK
ON
INDUSTRIAL DRYERS
AND
FIRE SPRINKLER
SYSTEM

SUBMITTED TO:
ENGR. RODNEY NABALONA

SUBMITTED BY:
LEA GERELYN D. DUCAY
ME5PG - C