Simulation, Stability of The H-bridge Low Power

Dissipation for Photovoltaic

V Letsoin1, R N Kaikatui2, A P Andika3, Damis Hardiantono4, and Acep Ponadi5

University Musamus, Electrical Engineering Department, 99611 Merauke, Indonesia

Abstract. This paper has presented the Simulation, Stability of the H-

bridge Low Power Dissipation System for Photovoltaics. The LCL type H-
bridge has presented capabilities in terms of resonance immersion, THD,
and power efficiency.From a comparative study with SPICE and Matlab
simu- lations, it is necessary to prove the stability of the LCL H- bridge
filter system using matlab analysis. The simulation results are identical to
the log magnitude of 48.7dB/decade and have a decreased angle/phase -
2.1deg at the 50Hz trajectory frequency. The results of the analysis using
the state space method are identical to the log magnitude of
49.363dB/decade and have an angle/phase decreasing -0.15deg in the
frequency path of 50Hz. Therefore, even though there are intersections of
simulation and mathematical results, the passive filter with the H-bridge
damper element is a promising passive filter for modern power plants,
where the system is declared stable.

Keywords: Power system, H-bridge, Frequency Hz, State space

method, real eigen value, simulation output result, low power
dissipation system.

1 Introduction
Modern electric power systems contain many different electronic devices, namely
passive and active equipment that will continuously range against internal and external
interference. Under these conditions, there is often interference with each part or
between parts of the interconnected distribution and control systems. The controlled
electric power system is an electronic unit resembling a generator [1], working based
on the speed regulation of the Mosfet transistor switches producing voltage-current[2].
The operating power system [3]is stable, having a balance between the input
power of the generator and the output power of the load. Balance means that the
DC input power converted to AC output power has the same amount of power,
meaning that the supplied power does not experience obstacles. But in reality this
system, has a problem of obstacles in the delivery of electricity to the load. If this
problem is not resolved, it will be difficult to use renewable electricity. Therefore,
this article proposes the latest passive LCL type H-Bridge topology.
The H-bridge type LCL has presented capabilities in terms of resonance immersion, THD,
and power efficiency. The application of PWM control techniques, obtained THD values
below the IEEE standard [4], while the ability of power distribution for grid loads depends on
the damping value, maximum efficiency is obtained 90% - 95%. This verification has
been introduced in the form of simulations using the OrCad Spice a / d simulation
program, with a maximum damper value of 200Ω. The purpose of this paper is to
prove the stability of the filter using the eigen method in matlab applications.
In this article, a number of sections will be discussed in section 2 discussing Generating
system models, linear systems, Eigen Value and Stability. Part 3 Simulation output
results. Part 4 Equations. Finally, conclusions are outlined in Section 5.

2 Model Of A Modern Power Generation System

2.1 Model generator system

In a modern power generation system, it is the future of electricity, one of which is

a micro-grid solar power plant [5]. PLTS/PV is an interesting topic in the world of
electricity, so it needs to be developed to see the generator system in Figure. 1.

Fig. 1. Modern electric power system

The operation of the inverter, inseparable from the control system, acts as a driving
generator to convert DC current to AC. PWM modulation technique is used to control
switches M1, M2, M3, M4, M5, and M6 to produce AC output (R, S, T) in the form of
sinusoidal waves at a frequency of 50Hz. A filter is a system that passes low
frequencies while high frequencies will be blocked before being supplied to the load[5].

2.2 System that must be met

Some new things must be fulfilled more than the current power system.
 The modern power system must better accommodate the participation of
consumers, especially with the development of distributed alternative energy
sources, active participation from consumers must also be considered as well
as the power system to better accommodate the forms of energy sources that
are available and spread across the network;
 Digital technology is growing rapidly, forcing all aspects of life to depend on
ICT as a result of modern power systems are also required to be able to provide
energy supply with good quality power to support this digital condition;
 Investments made in the future power system will require better asset
utilization with high efficiency, so that large investments will not be wasted due
to over-capacity to anticipate the burden and guarantee continuity of service;
  Stopping supply to consumers is something that should be avoided as
much as possible, so that the modern power system must be as much as
possible able to take preventive and curative actions against disturbances that
occur on him;
 Finally, modern power systems must be something that is ”sturdy” in the sense
that it can withstand force majeure, disasters, physical attacks and cyber attacks.

4. loop analysis method, and system stability

4.1. Matrix method with state space

A system can be presented in the equation as follows

x´= f 1(x1 ,x2 ,…,xn :u1 ,u2 ,…,ur ; t  (1)

Equation 1 with n is the system order and r is the number of inputs. With x is a state
variable, u indicates the system input, and t represents the time variable. For the record, x is
read x dot is a symbol commonly used to mark the first derivative of the [6]variable. The
equation can be written in the form of a matrix vector with the following notation:

dx t  (2)
x= dt = f x,u,t 
with input variables A and B
x  u  y 1  
1

x   x  u = u y   y 
1
(3)
   
xn u  y 
   n  n
Output variables can be expressed in the form of C and D:
g 
y=  1 
y n x
.
y y
g . V
 (4)
1
+
 in
g 
4.2. Eigen method  n

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System stability is determined by eigenvalue analysis as follows:
• Real eigen value is connected to a non-oscillating mode. The negative real
eigen value shows a stable system, the greater the magnitude the more stable
the system. Positive real eigen value shows system instability
• The eigen value complex is in the conjugate pair and each pair corresponds to
an oscillatory mode.
Immersion and imaginary components produce oscillation frequencies. If the
negative real part shows submerged oscillation, if the real is positive the oscillation
is not submerged. For complex eigenvalue pairs[7]:

λ = σ ± jω (5)

with input variables A and B

ω (6)
f =2 π
Output variables can be expressed in the form of C and D:
ξ= σ
(7)
 2
+ω2
σ
Soaking ratio determines the rating of the reduction in oscillation amplitude.

5. Immersion System Modeling

In general, the block diagram of the immersion circuit model used to achieve the
stability of the immersion system shown in Fig 2 shows the closed loop division.

L 3 i i L4
L3 L4
i i
L L1 Loop C1 C
1 1 1
Loop
Vin
Loop 4
3
R
C 2 Loop L2 R
2
i i Ld
C2
L2
i L3 i L4

Fig. 2. Model submersion system

6 Simulation Output Results and Discussion of Analysis

Testing using the OrCad spice A/D lite simulation pro gram[8], and Analysis using Matlab.
As a program that is able to model, simulate and analyze the system dynamically. From the
simulation results the spice program displays as seen in Fig 2b. The immersion system
model b presents the frequency response curve of the H-bridge filter from the results of
simulation and mathematical analysis. The LCL H-bridge immersion gives the best damping
characteristics present in frequency screening above a certain frequency. Of the two graphs
plotted, what needs to be considered is the value of the Margin Gain (GM) and Phase
Margin (PM). The simulation results, identical to the log magnitude is a curved line
with a decrease in slope yield of 48.7dB/decade and has a decreased angle / phase -2.1deg
at the 50Hz trajectory frequency. While the results of the analysis with the matlab program
are shown in Fig 2a. The results of analysis with state space methods, identical to the log
magnitude is a curved line with a decrease (slope down) results obtained at
49.363dB/decade and has an angle/phase decreases -0.15deg is in the frequency path
50Hz. The results prove each program, system baths are in the same condition.

(a) Matlab Analysis

(b) Spice Analysis

Fig. 3. Frequency response to the magnitude of the phase

7 Equations and Analysis results

7.1 Equations
Previous results have discussed the H-bridge circuit system as a circuit that can
reduce basic frequency loss and provide excellent power efficiency and THD.
Therefore, the analysis uses the state space method to prove the frequency
response model and system performance in terms of stability.
We can illustrate the direction of the loop and the current shown in Figure 3. To get
the currents and voltages iL1, iL2, iL3, iL4, and VC1, VC2 in Equation (2) loops
from the basic concept of Kirchoff's law.
The results obtained by Equations (8, 9, 10, 11, 12, end 13) on iL and VC respectively, to
solve the equation there is a VR value that is included in each equation.
di 1  R i  R i + R i  R i (8)
= V L2
L1
L1 L3 L4
dt L c1 L L L L
1 1 1 1 1
diL 2 = 1V  R i L2
 R i L1
+ R i L3
 R iL 4
(9)
c2
dt L2 L2 L2 L2 L2
di 1 R R R R RV R
L3
= V + i L1 + i L2 i L3 + iL4 + V
(10)
dt L c1 L L L L L L c2
3 3 3 3 3 3 3
di = − R i +1 V +Ri − Ri + Ri − R i − 1 V
L4 Ld
(11)
dt L4 L4
L4 c2
L4 L2
L4 L1
L4 L3
L4 L4
L4 c1

dV 1 1  1 (12)
c1
= i L1 + i L3 iL4
dt c c L
1 1 1

dVc 2 = 1 i  1 i + 1i (13)
L2 L4 L3
dt c2 c2 L2
The system of linear equations (3) can be expressed in the final results of
the matrix equations A and B, declaring the state variable as follows:
  R  R 1 0 R  R 
 
 L1 L1 L1 L1 L1 
  R  R 0 1 R  R  0
 iL1   L L L L L   iL1 
   2 2 2 2 2    0 
   
 R  R R
i i
 L2  L2
 
(14)
000  0 
d v  
C C C  v

  

  = 
C1 1 1 1 C1
V
R R R x+ 0  in
 0  C 0 0 C  C   R 
dt v v
 C2  C2
   
i  2 2 2 i   
L3    L3  L

i   R R 1 1 R R 
i 
 3 
 L4 
    
  L4  
 0


 L3 L 3 L3 L3 L3 L3 
  R  R11R  R+R 
 
Ld

 L4 L4 L L L L4 
4 4 4

Matrices C and D express the output variables of equation (4) as follows:

  i L1 
i 
 L2 
 0  R vC1  in
(15)
y=  0 0 0 0
  

C v C 2  x + 0V
1

i 
 L3 

 L4

i
 
So the end result of input variables and Output variables can be written from, (16)
G = A,B,C,D,

7.2 Analysis results

The eigenvalue is the value obtained as a solution to the characteristic equation of the
space matrix. From this eigenvalue we will be able to deduce how the stability of the system
is observed. Thus the eigenvalue determines the level of system stability. The system will be
stable if both matrix eigenvalues are in the form of negative real numbers or complex
numbers with real parts are negative. If one or both eigenvalues are positive real numbers
or complex numbers with real parts are positive then the system is not stable. From the
results of the determination using the Matlab application it can be seen that the value.
Table 2. Data analysis results

Results e=eig(a)

-1.5811
-0.0000 + 0.5505E
-0.0000 - 0.5505E
-0.3720 + 0.1948E
-0.3720 - 0.1948E
-0.1017

8 Conclusions
This paper has presented the Simulation, Stability of the H-bridge Low Power
Dissipation System for Photovoltaics. The LCL type H-bridge has presented
capabilities in terms of resonance immersion, THD, and power efficiency.
From a comparative study with SPICE and Matlab simulations, it is necessary to prove the
stability of the LCL H-bridge filter system using matlab analysis. The simulation results are
identical to the log magnitude of 48.7dB/decade and have a decreased angle/phase -2.1deg
at the 50Hz trajectory frequency. The results of the analysis using the state space method
are identical to the log magnitude of 49.363dB/decade and have an angle/phase decreasing
- 0.15deg in the frequency path of 50Hz. Therefore, even though there are intersections of
simulation and mathematical results, the passive filter with the H-bridge damper element is a
promising passive filter for modern power plants, where the system is declared stable.
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