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    Math 417 - Section 25 Solutions

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    sajjad ali
    1. The document provides solutions to problems involving harmonic functions and finding their harmonic conjugates. It examines two specific functions, u(x,y)=2x-x^3+3xy^2 and u(x,y)=y/(x^2+y^2), finding their harmonic conjugates v(x,y) using the Cauchy-Riemann equations. 2. It also proves that if two functions u and v are harmonic conjugates of each other, then both u and v must be constant. It shows that if ux=vy and uy=-vx, then u must be a function of y alone and also a function of x alone, therefore u is constant

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    Math 417 - Section 25 Solutions

    Uploaded by

    sajjad ali
    56 views2 pages
    1. The document provides solutions to problems involving harmonic functions and finding their harmonic conjugates. It examines two specific functions, u(x,y)=2x-x^3+3xy^2 and u(x,y)=y/(x^2+y^2), finding their harmonic conjugates v(x,y) using the Cauchy-Riemann equations. 2. It also proves that if two functions u and v are harmonic conjugates of each other, then both u and v must be constant. It shows that if ux=vy and uy=-vx, then u must be a function of y alone and also a function of x alone, therefore u is constant

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    1. The document provides solutions to problems involving harmonic functions and finding their harmonic conjugates. It examines two specific functions, u(x,y)=2x-x^3+3xy^2 and u(x,y)=y/(x^2+y^2), finding their harmonic conjugates v(x,y) using the Cauchy-Riemann equations. 2. It also proves that if two functions u and v are harmonic conjugates of each other, then both u and v must be constant. It shows that if ux=vy and uy=-vx, then u must be a function of y alone and also a function of x alone, therefore u is constant

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    56 views2 pages

    Math 417 - Section 25 Solutions

    Uploaded by

    sajjad ali
    1. The document provides solutions to problems involving harmonic functions and finding their harmonic conjugates. It examines two specific functions, u(x,y)=2x-x^3+3xy^2 and u(x,y)=y/(x^2+y^2), finding their harmonic conjugates v(x,y) using the Cauchy-Riemann equations. 2. It also proves that if two functions u and v are harmonic conjugates of each other, then both u and v must be constant. It shows that if ux=vy and uy=-vx, then u must be a function of y alone and also a function of x alone, therefore u is constant

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
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    Math 417 – Section 25 Solutions

    1. (b) For the function u(x, y) = 2x − x3 + 3xy 2 we have:

    ux = 2 − 3x2 + 3y 2 uxx = −6x


    uy = 6xy uyy = 6x

    Since uxx + uyy = −6x + 6x = 0 and u(x, y) has continuous first and second partial derivatives
    everywhere, u(x, y) is harmonic.

    To find a harmonic conjugate of u(x, y), we use the Cauchy-Riemann equations:

    vy = ux = 2 − 3x2 + 3y 2
    vx = −uy = −6xy

    Integrating the first of the above equations with respect to y we get:

    v(x, y) = 2y − 3x2 y + y 3 + f (x)

    Differentiating the above equation with respect to x and setting the result equal to the second of
    the Cauchy-Riemann equations, we get:

    vx = −6xy + f ′ (x) = −6xy


    f ′ (x) = 0
    f (x) = C

    Therefore, the harmonic conjugates of u(x, y) are:

    v(x, y) = 2y − 3x2 y + y 3 + C

    y
    (d) For the function u(x, y) = we have:
    x2 + y 2
     2
    (x + y 2 )2 (2y) − 4x(2xy)(x2 + y 2 ) 6x2 y − 2y 3
    
    2xy
    ux = − uxx = − = 2
    (x2 + y 2 )2 2 2
    (x + y ) 4 (x + y 2 )3
    x2 − y 2 (x2 + y 2 )2 (−2y) − 4y(x2 − y 2 )(x2 + y 2 ) −6x2 y + 2y 3
    uy = 2 uyy = =
    (x + y 2 )2 2 2
    (x + y ) 4 (x2 + y 2 )3

    Since uxx + uyy = 0 and u(x, y) has continuous first and second partial derivatives everywhere in
    its domain (which does not include z = 0), u(x, y) is harmonic.

    To find a harmonic conjugate of u(x, y), we use the Cauchy-Riemann equations:


    2xy
    vy = ux = −
    (x2 + y 2 )2
    x2 − y 2
    vx = −uy = − 2
    (x + y 2 )2

    Integrating the first of the above equations with respect to y we get:


    x
    v(x, y) = − + f (x)
    x2 + y 2

    1
    Differentiating the above equation with respect to x and setting the result equal to the second of
    the Cauchy-Riemann equations, we get:

    x2 − y 2 x2 − y 2
    vx = 2 2 2
    + f ′ (x) = 2
    (x + y ) (x + y 2 )2
    f ′ (x) = 0
    f (x) = C

    Therefore, the harmonic conjugates of u(x, y) are:

    x
    v(x, y) = − +C
    x2 + y 2

    3. Since v is a harmonic conjugate of u, from the Cauchy-Riemann equations we have:

    ux = vy , uy = −vx (1)

    Also, since u is a harmonic conjugate of v we have:

    vx = uy , vy = −ux (2)

    Taking the second of Equations (2) and substituting into the first of Equations (1) we get:

    ux = vy
    ux = −ux
    2ux = 0
    ux = 0

    Therefore, u(x, y) = f (y). Similarly, by taking the first of Equations (2) and substituting into the
    second of Equations (1) we get u(x, y) = g(x). In order for f (y) = g(x), it must be the case that
    u(x, y) = f (y) = g(x) = C.

    Since u is constant, from the Cauchy-Riemann equations we have vy = 0 and vx = 0. Thus, v(x, y) = C
    as well.

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