The document provides analysis of ocean structures. It discusses calculation of hydrodynamic pressure on a ship hull using linear wave theory. It then calculates the projected area and force distribution over the ship length. Finally, it derives equations for shear force distribution on a cantilevered ocean tower using the known hydrodynamic force equation. Plots of force and shear force variation over length and depth are also presented.
The document provides analysis of ocean structures. It discusses calculation of hydrodynamic pressure on a ship hull using linear wave theory. It then calculates the projected area and force distribution over the ship length. Finally, it derives equations for shear force distribution on a cantilevered ocean tower using the known hydrodynamic force equation. Plots of force and shear force variation over length and depth are also presented.
The document provides analysis of ocean structures. It discusses calculation of hydrodynamic pressure on a ship hull using linear wave theory. It then calculates the projected area and force distribution over the ship length. Finally, it derives equations for shear force distribution on a cantilevered ocean tower using the known hydrodynamic force equation. Plots of force and shear force variation over length and depth are also presented.
The document provides analysis of ocean structures. It discusses calculation of hydrodynamic pressure on a ship hull using linear wave theory. It then calculates the projected area and force distribution over the ship length. Finally, it derives equations for shear force distribution on a cantilevered ocean tower using the known hydrodynamic force equation. Plots of force and shear force variation over length and depth are also presented.
Department of Ocean Engineering and Naval Architecture
IIT Kharagpur Answer 1:-
We know Hydrodynamic Pressure in linearized form is,
∅ P = −𝜌
𝑃 = −𝜌 ( 𝑒 𝑠𝑖𝑛(𝑘𝑥 − 𝜔𝑡))
𝑃 = 𝜌𝑎𝑔𝑒 𝑐𝑜𝑠(𝑘𝑥 − 𝜔𝑡)
This hydrodynamic pressure results in a vertical force on the keel of the ship whose magnitude can be obtained by integrating the above equation over the keel area.
Let dx be a small portion of the ship length along the x-direction and B be the width under consideration.
Since the total load is 1000 tonne, we can calculate B as below:-
Let the underwater volume be expressed as V = L. B. T……………….where T is the draught
Displacement = 𝜌. 𝑔 . 𝐿. 𝐵. 𝑇 = 1000 . 1000
B = 12 + 2 . T. sin(45) = 12 + 1.4142 T
Substituting the values we get,
T = 0.7472 m
B = 13.0567 m…………………………..projected length on which the hydrodynamic forces act
Small hydrodynamic force dF due to pressure P over dx is given by:-
dF = P. B .dx
dF = 𝜌𝑎𝑔𝑒 𝑐𝑜𝑠(𝑘𝑥 − 𝜔𝑡) .B .dx
Force distribution over the length of the ship can be expressed as:-
L(x,t) = = 𝜌𝑎𝑔𝑒 𝑐𝑜𝑠(𝑘𝑥 − 𝜔𝑡) .B
Substituting the values of 𝜌, 𝑎, 𝑔, k and B:-
. ∗ L(x,t) = 65644.19 𝑒 𝑐𝑜𝑠(0.0628𝑥 − 𝜔𝑡)
Here z = -T = -0.7472 m
From the Dispersion relation,
𝜔 = 0.785099025 / second
So we have
L(x, t) = 62635 𝑐𝑜𝑠(0.0628𝑥 − 0.7851𝑡)
The following table is plotted with Force along Y axis and Length along x –axis:-
The plots at t = 0 and and t =2.633107 overlap as it is a cycle repetition. Also plot at t=0.608277 and t=2.02483 overlap.
The maximum bending moment is around 230000 N-m which is at the base of the pile foundation and hence the maximum bending stress can be calculated using the stress-moment relation.
𝜎= 𝑦
Hence the maximum stress comes around 3.769 N/mm^2.
Now to calculate the maximum shear stress let us use the below expression- . . τ= . The maximum shear force is F= 8200 N at the base. By substituting the relevant data,
Calculating Shear Stresses
F 8200 N A 0.1244 m^2 z 1.00 m I 0.061 m^4 t 0.04 m τ 418065.6 N/m^2 0.041807 N/mm^2
τ = 0.084 N/mm^2 Answer 3
Following are the details of the TLP given
L = 10 m
B=8m
H= 5 m
T=3m
Buoyancy Force Fb = 1.1* Weight
Displacement = ρ* L*B*T = 246000 kg
Fb = 1.1* 246000*9.81 = 2654586 N
Length of tendons l = 50 m
Diameter of the tendons d = 0.2 m
Let us model the tendons as simply supported beams.
Also it is said that the velocity is sinusoidal in nature with the maximum value at the water surface and zero at the sea bed.
Since velocity direction is from +x to –x, hence we must incorporate a negative sign to indicate the direction of flow. ( ) So U =- 0.5* sin( )
Since there is stagnation after the current passes.
Applying Bernoulli’s principle we get
ϪP = ρ𝑈
( ) ϪP = 128.125* sin2 ( )
Hence the small force acting on the tendons over a distance dz can be written as ( ) 𝑑𝐹 = ϪP.dz = 128.125* sin2 ( ) dz
Hence the loading is given as
( ) w = 128.125* sin2 ( )
Double integrating the above equation gives us
BM = 64.0625{ + ( ) cos( (53 + 𝑧))} + c1.z + c2
Applying the boundary condition BM(0) = 0 and BM(z=-53) = 0, we get
𝑦𝑦 = 𝛼𝛼𝑥𝑥 Linearize ln 𝑦𝑦 = ln 𝛼𝛼 + 𝛽𝛽 ln 𝑥𝑥 Compare to linear eqn 𝑦𝑦 = 𝑎𝑎 + 𝑎𝑎 𝑥𝑥 Current - y need to transform to ln y - x need to transform to ln x - a = ln α - a = β
𝑦𝑦 = 𝛼𝛼𝑥𝑥 Linearize ln 𝑦𝑦 = ln 𝛼𝛼 + 𝛽𝛽 ln 𝑥𝑥 Compare to linear eqn 𝑦𝑦 = 𝑎𝑎 + 𝑎𝑎 𝑥𝑥 Current - y need to transform to ln y - x need to transform to ln x - a = ln α - a = β
