CHAPTER 3

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODOLOGY

This chapter presents and discusses Research Design and methodology,

data gathering techniques, Architectural Design. System requirements covering

the software and hardware requirements. The Gantt chart presented in the

succeeding page reflects the timeline for the fulfillment and completion of the

project.

Research Design and Methodology

The presented study uses a software development methodology known as

the Rapid Application Development methodology. This methodology heavily

emphasizes rapid prototyping and iterative delivery. The RAD model is,

therefore, a sharp alternative to the typical waterfall development model, which

often focuses largely on planning and sequential design practices. And as to

research design the researchers implement the use of Developmental Research,

this type of research design has been defined as the systematic study of

designing, developing, and evaluating instructional programs, processes, and

products that must meet criteria of internal consistency and effectiveness.

Developmental research is particularly important in the field of instructional

technology. The most common types of developmental research involve

situations in which the product-development process is analyzed and described,

and the final product is evaluated.

Data Gathering Technique

The researchers used two of the data gathering techniques which are

focus group discussion and the in depth interview. First a focus group discussion

is a gathering of people that has the same background or experiences to discuss

a specific topic of interest. It is a form of qualitative research where questions

are asked about their perceptions opinion and ideas. Regarding to the study we

use this technique to ask a group of people what most problem can be

encountered when taking an internship program and by this we use the collected

data to process our general objective.

The second data gathering technique that the researchers employed was

in depth interview, a type of technique that is used to identify the business flows

and transactions regarding a particular research subject. The main advantage of

personal interviews is that they involve personal and direct contact between

interviewer and interviewee, the researchers use the technique to ask questions

to a specific type of person that has a concern on the said study.

Architectural Design

The architectural design describes the system’s major components, their

relationships, and how they interact with each other. Software architecture and

design includes several contributory factors such as the web-based system,

system server, internet, users and the database.

Figure 3.1 Architectural Diagram

 Figure 3.2 Context Diagram of Online Internship Management
System

Figure 3.2 shows the context diagram of Online Internship Management

System with three entities, the Coordinator, a Supervisor/Company and the

Intern. It also shows the transactions between the entities and the program.

As shown in the diagram the Coordinator should be able to input data

such as schedules, class, company, supervisor, and intern and also the

Coordinator should be able received/see data such as intern’s attendance,

performance, accomplishments reports and user profile of the interns, supervisor

and lastly the company details.

 The second entity is the Supervisor/Company the entity should be able to

input data which are the weekly rating, the intern’s grade and last is the

individual feedback this entity is capable of viewing the intern’s profile,

attendance, accomplishment reports, and performance.

The last entity is the Intern the entity should be able to input its

attendance and accomplishment report, and it should be able to see its own

profile, attendance, accomplishment reports, and performance.

Figure 3.3 Data Flow Diagram – Coordinator of Online Internship

Management System

Figure 3.3 shows the interaction between the system and the Coordinator

where it will be the systems administrator means that it will be the one who can
manipulate data inside the system such as adding users like a supervisor and the

intern also viewing their profile and attendance. It is also able to see an Intern’s

data which are its attendance, accomplishment report, and its performance and

at any given time the Coordinator might also if needed to print documents.

Figure 3.4 Data Flow Diagram – Supervisor/Company of Online

Internship Management System
 Figure 3.4 shows the interaction between the system and the

Supervisor/Company which main purpose is to monitor an intern’s performance

based on its attendance and accomplishment through the entire program and

responding to it by giving a weekly grade and in when an intern finished its time

the Supervisor/Company should give a final grade and a personal feedback to

each intern. And if needed it can also print documents.

Figure 3.5 Data Flow Diagram – Intern of Online Internship

Management System

Figure 3.5 shows the interaction between the intern and the system, first

the intern must login, then there the intern may choose to submit it’s in date

attendance or submit an accomplishment or view data’s like its list of attendance

performance, and accomplishment reports. And also if needed the intern can

have a copy of its own documents.

Figure 3.6 Entity-Relationship Diagram of Online Internship

Management System

Figure 3.6 displays the Entity Relationship Diagram of Online Internship

Management System composed of seven entities such as Intern, Company,

Coordinator, Supervisor, Attendance, Class, Schedule, and Accomplishment.

Those entities represented the table in the database of the system. Every

entity has its own attribute which represents the branches on each entity. This

figure also represents the relationship between one entity and another. Every

table has a unique key or the primary key that is used as a unique identifier of
the attribute in one table. It also shows how entities are connected to one

another.

System Requirements

The researchers used software and hardware for creating the

Development and implementation of a web-based system for Online Internship

Management System

Software Requirements

These are the software needed in order for the proposed system to be

utilized.

Operating System Windows 10 and Windows 7 Ultimate

Programming Language PHP (PHP: Hypertext Preprocessor)
Database MySQL, SQL Server
Table 3.1. Software Requirements

Table 3.1 presents the operating system used in developing the system is

Windows 10 and Windows 7 Ultimate. The Programming Language used in

developing is a widely-used, open source scripting language known as PHP (PHP:

Hypertext Preprocessor) it is used to make Web services applications easier to

develop. In creating the database of the system the researchers used MySQL.

MySQL is a Oracle-backed open source relational database management system

(RDBMS). It is based on the structure query language (SQL), which is used for

adding, removing, and modifying information in the database. SQL Server, on

the other hand add several features to standard SQL, including transaction

control, exception and error handling, row processing, and declared variables.

Hardware Requirements

Processor Dual Core Processor 2.0 GHz

Disk Space Minimum of 500 GB free space
Back Up Minimum of 500 GB free space
Memory Minimum of 4GB RAM
Modem Broadband
Printer All-in-one Printer
Table 3.2. Hardware Requirements

Table 3.2 presents the hardware needed in order for the proposed system to be

utilized. The processor required by the system to be used is at least a processor

that has a Dual Core and should be able to process at 2.0 GHz. The disk space

must have a minimum size of 500 GB for that the system will store a lot of

images. In the back up memory, a minimum of 500 GB free space is required

and a RAM of 4GB or higher. A modem that can be used is any broadband or

wireless router for it will need internet connection to be used. In printing, an all-

in-one printer is recommended.

Gantt Chart

In the development of the project, it is a must to come up with specific

dates reflecting the timelines, targets and milestones. This leads to the
systematic fulfillment of every deliverables. The researchers made use of Gantt

chart to reflect specific tasks.

The timeline and list of activities in the construction of the application

Online Internship Management System is reflected in Figure 4.4 where every

step has been meticulously looked into and recorded.

The researchers began the project by preparing for the project proposal

which lasted for 15 days. Included was the conduct of interview with the OJT

Coordinator found at Coloy-Coloy, Impig Sipocot Camarines Sur. First few part of

the documentation was a discussion about the study, particularly, its purpose

and description, its objectives, and limitations. All these form part of Chapter I

and the same were presented during Title Defense.

After the Title Defense a number of improvements was done and the

system design was looked into for the website to have interactive interface. All

accomplished tasks in this level were submitted to the capstone adviser for

critiquing and scrutiny. School visits were made to gather the needed related

studies and literature as part of Chapter II. This took the researchers 22 days

and spent another 14 days in constructing the DFD, the Context Diagram, and

the Entity Relationship Diagram. All of these were important as these show the

flow and process of the whole system.

Preliminary Defense was failed, however, the members of the panel gave

a number of comments and recommendations to improve the functionality and

the designs of the system to meet some specific objectives mentioned in the

Chapter I but at the second time the Preliminary Defense was passed.

Chapter III which was about diagram constructions was done this

being one of the major parts of the entire paper. Then, the researchers

proceeded to preparing Chapter IV comprised of systems analysis, design, and

requirements. During the system development and testing, errors were

encountered. After resolving all the errors, the group proceeded to preparing

Chapter V - Findings, Conclusions, and Recommendations.

Another 30 days were spent by the researchers in polishing the system

and revising the manuscript with the guidance of the group’s capstone project. It

was made sure that the system was 100% functional as such is the major

requirement during the Final Defense.

Finally, the group passed the Final Defense and after a little more

refinement, the manuscript was submitted to concerned offices and the system

was deployed to the recipient school, the Central Bicol State University of

Agriculture-Sipocot, Camarines Sur.

 2019 2020

NO. TA SK EXPECTED OUTPUT START END DURATION

A UG SEP OCT NOV DEC JA N FEB MA R A PR MA Y

Preparatnion for Conduct Interview,

1 8/21/2019 9/9/2019 15
Proposal Defense Approval Letter
Proposal and Approval of the
2 Approval of Thesis Project with 8/19/2019 8/24/2019 3
Project Denfense.
Interview with the Approval of the
3 8/25/2019 9/7/2019 10
Respondent school

Analysis of the DFD, ERD, Context

4 9/17/2019 10/4/2019 14
System Diagram

Information
5 Data Gathering 9/21/2019 3/24/2020 132
Gathering
Conducting a
Internet Research,
6 Research Related 2/13/2020 3/14/2020 22
Library Visit
the System
Creating Chapter 1-
7 Thesis Documents 12/10/2020 3/15/2020 69
3

Preliminary 76% of the

1/27/2020 1/27/2020 1
Defense Prototype

80% of the
8 Re-defense 3/2/2020 3/2/2020 1
Prototype

Completing of the Creating Chapter 1-

9 3/8/2020 4/4/2020 20
Documents 5
Polishing and
Finalizing Project
10 Finalizing the 3/10/2020 3/29/2020 14
and Testing
Project

11 Prototype Testing T esting the Project 3/30/2020 4/7/2020 7

Capstone Project Fulfilling

12 4/13/2020 4/13/2020 1
Final Defense Recommendation
Revised Chapter 1-
Finalizing the
5 & other 4/13/2020 4/28/2020 16
documents
documents
Submission of Hardbound
13 4/29/2020 4/29/2020 1
Manuscript Documents

Implementation Submitted the

14 and Deployment system to the 4/30/2020 4/30/2020 1
of the Program client