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    Lt. Deore P.B. Reg. No. 2018A/15P: Presented by

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    pankaj
    Martinus Beijerinck discovered viruses and proposed they were "fluid" agents that could reproduce in living plants and move with water flow, but were partially destroyed by drying and completely destroyed by boiling. Erwin Baur was a German botanist and geneticist who studied infectious chlorosis, a plant disease. Through grafting experiments, he found the disease was transmitted between plants and increased in infected plants, but could not identify a living parasite. He concluded that viruses reproduce through the metabolism of diseased plants as non-living infectious agents, challenging the prevailing view that all infectious diseases were caused by living organisms.

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    Lt. Deore P.B. Reg. No. 2018A/15P: Presented by

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    pankaj
    22 views10 pages
    Martinus Beijerinck discovered viruses and proposed they were "fluid" agents that could reproduce in living plants and move with water flow, but were partially destroyed by drying and completely destroyed by boiling. Erwin Baur was a German botanist and geneticist who studied infectious chlorosis, a plant disease. Through grafting experiments, he found the disease was transmitted between plants and increased in infected plants, but could not identify a living parasite. He concluded that viruses reproduce through the metabolism of diseased plants as non-living infectious agents, challenging the prevailing view that all infectious diseases were caused by living organisms.

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    Lecture notes6

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    Path6

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    Martinus Beijerinck discovered viruses and proposed they were "fluid" agents that could reproduce in living plants and move with water flow, but were partially destroyed by drying and completely destroyed by boiling. Erwin Baur was a German botanist and geneticist who studied infectious chlorosis, a plant disease. Through grafting experiments, he found the disease was transmitted between plants and increased in infected plants, but could not identify a living parasite. He concluded that viruses reproduce through the metabolism of diseased plants as non-living infectious agents, challenging the prevailing view that all infectious diseases were caused by living organisms.

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    22 views10 pages

    Lt. Deore P.B. Reg. No. 2018A/15P: Presented by

    Uploaded by

    pankaj
    Martinus Beijerinck discovered viruses and proposed they were "fluid" agents that could reproduce in living plants and move with water flow, but were partially destroyed by drying and completely destroyed by boiling. Erwin Baur was a German botanist and geneticist who studied infectious chlorosis, a plant disease. Through grafting experiments, he found the disease was transmitted between plants and increased in infected plants, but could not identify a living parasite. He concluded that viruses reproduce through the metabolism of diseased plants as non-living infectious agents, challenging the prevailing view that all infectious diseases were caused by living organisms.

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    Presented by

    Lt. Deore P.B.


    Reg. No. 2018A/15P

    DEPARTMENT OF PLANT PATHOLOGY


    COLLEGE OF AGRICULTURE,
    VNMKV, PARBHANI 431 402 (M.S.)
    Martinus Willem Beijerinck
     Spot disease:
     Infectious
     Not caused by microbes
     Cause: Cantagium vivum fludum
     Fluid?
     Viruses: liquid or soluble
     Virus reproduce in living plant
     Virus attacks only on living cells/tissues
     On storage not losing virulence
     Virus moves with flow of water
     Partial destruction of virus on drying
     Boiling destroy virus
     Albinism transmitted by grafting
    Erwin Baur
     Born: April 16, 1875
     1900: Doctor's degree in Medicine
     1903: Doctor of Philosophy in Botany
     1910: Professor, Botanical Institute, University of Berlin,
    o Work on infectious variegation
    o Field of heredity
    o Founded a professorship in genetics
     1929: Director,
    Kaiser Wilhelm Institute for Genetic Research, Berlin

    Hans Stubbe, writes, "He needed but very little for himself. With simple
    mind of a farmer, living close to nature we find combined in him great
    intellectual powers of his countrymen which made him a skillful diplomat &
    a powerful opponent."
    On etiology of infectious variegation
    Erwin Baur
     Albinism: Leaf-variegation/Panachure
    o Frequent panachure (variegation): Non/infectious
    o Infectious chlorosis (Chlorosis infectiosa)
     Infectious chlorosis:
     Transmission: grafting
     Only embryonic leaves: infected
     fully developed leaves/ phase of expansion: Non-infected
     Non-transmitted : seed
    Various Malvaceae sp. varyingly susceptible
    Abutilon
    On etiology of infectious variegation

     Infectious chlorosis
     No parasite found
     Pathologists:
     Only living organisms are causative agents of infectious
    diseases
     Non-living matter ? Illogical & invalid
     ? Infected individual derived inoculum
     ? Virus of an infectious disease must multiply in body of
    diseased organism
     Such growth & increase attributed only to organisms/
    living substances
    On etiology of infectious variegation
     “A non-organized (pure chemical) substance, which will
    be able to assimilate foreign substances, in order to
    rebuild itself from them, such a substance is yet
    unknown to us. …”
     If we come in contact anywhere with a "something" that
    has this capacity of growth & multiplication, then we
    must conclude, on basis of our present knowledge, that
    this "something" is a living organism.
     Infectious diseases, i.e., diseases in which virus
    increases within infected individuals, can, therefore, be
    produced only by living organisms.
     ad infinitum …….
     Virus of infectious chlorosis reproduce within infected
    plant
    On etiology of infectious variegation
     In spite of this virus certainly cannot be a living
    organism ………..?
     Prerequisite for an infection is only condition that there
    exist between tissue of grafted infected twig or leaf &
    tissue of plant to be infected a firm callus union & that it
    endure a certain short time. A different mode of infection
    is not known.
     Transmission experiments: negative result
    Wounds smeared leaf-pulp
    Injection experiments
    Forced juice into intercellular spaces
    Root deep in unfiltered juice…………………
     No single case of infection than by grafting.
    He conclude that prerequisite to an infection is callus
    union of a healthy with a diseased plant.
    On etiology of infectious variegation
     He also proved that infectious substance unknown to
    him cannot be a living organism.
     Reasoning:
     Ability to exist dependent upon occasional grafting’s
     All plants attacked by infectious chlorosis reproduce in
    nature only by seed & not by runners or like.
     How then would hypothetical causative agent move from
    one plant to other if first one dies?
     A parasitic organism that has such a limited capacity to
    move from one host-plant to another is not at all capable
    of existence
    On etiology of infectious variegation

     Virus might function as a product of metabolism of


    diseased plant
     There is a typically infectious disease for which living
    organisms cannot be considered as causative agents.
    Erwin Baur

     Viruses living & non-living


     Virus: Product of metabolism in disease plant
     Infectious diseases: Caused by nonliving agent

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