BULLETIN OF THE TRANSILVANIA UNIVERSITY OF BRAŞOV

CONFORMAL MAPPING IN HYDRODYNAMIC

C. CIOBANU*, M. CAŢĂ**, A. R. ANGHEL***

Abstract: Hydrodynamic problems can be solved directly by using the

coefficients of the mapping function. The ship hull forms have been described
by Lewis two-parameter conformal mapping with practical applicability for
any types of ships. We present here an algorithmic method solving directly
the problems which appear in architecture naval domain concerning the
contour of ship's cross section. The application was made in Java language
and creates both a text file and a graphical chart.

Keywords: conformal mapping, hydrodynamic, ship cross section, ship hull

form representation.

1. Introduction

During the last 20 years, in the area of naval hydrodynamics as well as in other
domains of mechanical engineering, a growing interest has occurred towards the
algorithmic methods of solving some definite problems.
The shapes of the ships have been described around a point as it is difficult to describe
them according to analytical mappings.
It is necessary to approximate the ship's shape by continuous functions, in order to get
some practical results. A method which has imposed itself during the last few years is that
of multi-parameter conformal mapping, with good results also in the case of extreme
bulbous forms.
The advantage of conformal mapping is that the velocity potential of the fluid around
an arbitrary shape of a cross section in a complex plane can be derived from the more
convenient circular section in another complex plane. In this manner, hydrodynamic
problems can be solved directly by using the coefficients of the mapping function.
The general transformation formula is given by:
n
f ( Z )   s  a 2 k 1 Z  2 k 1 ,
k 0
with f ( Z )  z , z  x  iy is the plane of the ship's cross section.
Z  ie  e  i - is the plane of the unit circle,
 s is the scale factor,
a 1  1,
a 2 k 1 are the conformal mapping coefficients ( k  1, ... , n ),
n is the number of parameters.
Therefore we can write in turn:

*
Department of Mathematics-Informatics, Naval Academy “Mircea cel Batran”, Constanta
**
IT Department, Naval Academy “Mircea cel Batran”, Constanta
***
Nautical Sciences Department, Naval Academy “Mircea cel Batran”, Constanta
 BULLETIN OF THE TRANSILVANIA UNIVERSITY OF BRAŞOV

86 Conformal mapping in hydrodynamic

n
x  iy   s  a 2 k 1 (ie  e i ) ( 2 k 1) ,
k 0
n
x  iy   s  a 2 k 1 (i ) ( 2 k 1) e ( 2 k 1) [cos(  )  i sin(  )]  2 x 1 ,
k 0
n
x  iy   s  ( 1) k a 2 k 1e ( 2 k 1) [i cos(2k  1)  sin(2k  1) ] .
k 0
From the relation between the coordinates in the z - plane (the ship's cross section) and
the variables in the Z - plane (the circular cross section), it follows:
n
x    s  ( 1) k a 2 k 1e ( 2 k 1) sin(2k  1) ,
k 0
n
y    s  (1) k a 2 k 1e  ( 2 k 1) cos(2k  1) .
k 0
Now by using conformal mapping approximations, the contour of the ship's cross
section, follows from putting   0 in previous sections. We get:
n
x 0    s  (1) k a 2 k 1 sin( 2k  1) ,
k 0
n
y 0   s  ( 1) k a 2 k 1 cos(2k  1) .
k 0
The breadth on the waterline of the approximate ship's cross section is defined by
n
B0  2  s  , with   a
k 0
2 k 1 ,

and the draft is defined by

n
D0  2  , with    (1)
k 0
k
a 2 k 1 .

The breadth on the waterline is obtained for    2 , that means:

n n
x 2    s  (1) k a 2 k 1 sin(2k  1)  2 , hencex 2   s  a 2 k 1 and
k 0 k 0
B0  2 x / 2 .
B0
The scale factor is  s  and the draft is obtained for   0 :
2
n n
y 0   s  ( 1) k a 2 k 1 cos(2k  1)  0, hencey0   s  ( 1) k a 2 k 1 and D0  y 0
k 0 k 0

d0
with  s  .


2. Lewis conformal mapping

Bulletin of the Transilvania University of Braşov • Vol. 13(48) - 2006 87

A simple transformation of the cross sectional hull form will be obtained with n = 2 in
the Lewis transformation. An extended description of the representation of ship hull
forms by Lewis two-parameter conformal mapping is given by Kerczek and Tuck [5] in
1969.
The two-parameter Lewis transformation of a cross section is defined by:
z  f ( Z )   s a 1 Z   s a1 Z 1   s a3 Z 3 ,
where a 1  1,  s is the scale factor and the conformal mapping coefficients a1 and
a 3 are called Lewis coefficients.
Then, for z  x  iy and Z  ie  e  i , that is Z  ie   cos     i sin      , we
have:
x    s [e  sin(  )  a1e  sin   a3 e 3 sin 3 ], hence
x   s (e  sin   a1e  sin   a3 e 3 sin 3 )
and
y   s [e  cos(  )  a1e  cos   a3 e 3 cos 3 ], hence
y   s (e  cos   a1e  cos   a3 e 3 cos 3 ) .
For   0 we obtain the contour of the so- called Lewis form expressed as:
x0   s (sin   a1 sin   a 3 sin 3 ) ,
y 0   s (cos   a1 cos   a3 cos 3 )
or as:
x0   s [(1  a1 ) sin   a 3 sin 3 ] ,
y 0   s ((1  a1 ) cos   a3 cos 3 ) ,
where the scale factor  s is:
Bs Ds
s  or  s  ,
2(1  a1  a3 ) 2(1  a1  a 3 )
in which Bs is the sectional breadth on the load waterline and Ds is the sectional draft.
The half breadth to draft ratio H 0 is given by:
Bs 1  a1  a3
H0   .
2 Ds 1  a1  a 3
An integration of the Lewis form delivers the sectional area coefficient  s :
As  1  a12  3a32
s   
Bs Ds 4 (1  a 3 ) 2  a12
in which As is the area of the cross section,
d 
As  2 xdy   s2 (1  a12  3a32 )
0 2
and
Bs  Ds  2[(1  a3 ) 2  a12 ] .
Now the coefficients a1 , a 3 and the scale factor  s will be determined in such a
manner that the sectional breadth, the draft and the area of the approximate cross section
and of the actual cross section are identical.
 BULLETIN OF THE TRANSILVANIA UNIVERSITY OF BRAŞOV

88 Conformal mapping in hydrodynamic

( H 0  1)(1  a3 )
From H 0 expression, we obtain a1  and, by putting that into the
1 H0
expression of  s , we get a quadratic equation in a 3 :
2 2
 H 1    H 1 3 2
 s (1  a3 )   0
2
 (1  a3 ) 2  s    0  (1  a 3 ) 2  a3 ,
 H 0  1 4 4  H0 1 4
therefore
  4 s  4 s  H 0  1   2    H 0  1  8  H 0  1  8 s 
2 2 2

3   1     a   2        a3 
  H 0  1   4   H 0  1    H 0  1 
3 s
4    
   
 4  H  1   4 s  
2

   s   0  1    1  0
4   H 0  1     
 
Now, putting
2
    H 0  1 
m  3  4  s  1  4 s   ,
    H 0  1 
2
    H 0  1 
n  8 s  2  8 s    2m  6 ,
    H 0  1 
2
   H 0  1 

p  4  s  1  4 s   1  m  4 ,
   H 0  1 
we obtain the equation
ma32  na3  p  0,
that means:
 m  3  9  2m
a3  .
m
The Lewis form with the other solution of a 3 in the quadratic equation, namely:
 m  3  9  2m
a3 
m
are looped. As ships are „better behaving” thus solution is not considered.
It is obvious that a transformation of a half immersed circle with radius r will result for
 s  r , a1  0 and a 3  0 .
A typical and realistic form is presented below. More precisely we have considered a
dry bulk carrier of 55.000 tone deadweight capacity.
Bulletin of the Transilvania University of Braşov • Vol. 13(48) - 2006 89

3. Java application

The following application was made in Java language and creates both a text file and a
graphical chart.

Fig. 1. The interface of Java application

The following code is associated with “Input datum generation” option of the menu
and generates a file named “input.txt” that contains the coordinates of points that will be
used for plotting the graph.

if (command.equals("Input datum generation"))

{
for(int i=0;i<x.length;i++)
{bs[i]=2*x[i];
ds[i]=y[i];
if(bs[i]==0 || ds[i]==0) ss[i]=0;
else ss[i]=as[i]/(bs[i]*ds[i]);
if(ds[i]==0) h0[i]=0;
else h0[i]=bs[i]/(2*ds[i]);

c1[i]=3+4*ss[i]/Math.PI+(1-4*ss[i]/Math.PI)*((h0[i]-1)/(h0[i]+1))*((h0[i]-1)/
(h0[i]+1));
a3[i]=(-c1[i]+3+Math.sqrt(9-2*c1[i]))/c1[i];
a1[i]=(h0[i]-1)*(1+a3[i])/(1+h0[i]);
if((1+a1[i]+a3[i])==0) ms[i]=0;
else ms[i]=bs[i]/(2*(1+a1[i]+a3[i]));

for(int j=0;j<=18;j++)
{ x0[i][j]=ms[i]*((1+a1[i])*Math.sin(Math.PI*j/36)-
a3[i]*Math.sin(3*Math.PI*j/36));
y0[i][j]=ms[i]*((1-
a1[i])*Math.cos(Math.PI*j/36)+a3[i]*Math.cos(3*Math.PI*j/36));
}
 BULLETIN OF THE TRANSILVANIA UNIVERSITY OF BRAŞOV

90 Conformal mapping in hydrodynamic

try{ BufferedWriter bw=new BufferedWriter(new FileWriter("input.txt"));

for(int ii=0;ii<x.length;ii++)
for(int jj=0;jj<=18;jj++)
{ bw.write(Double.toString(x0[ii][jj]));
bw.write(" ");
bw.write(Double.toString(y0[ii][jj]));
bw.newLine();
}
bw.close();
} catch (IOException ioe) {}

The pairs of coordinates are obtained from the following initial values of the
parameters: the half breadth (x), the draft (y), and the area of the cross section (as), for a
dry bulk carrier. The half breadth (x), and the draft (y) have been measured from the
midship cross section, and the area of the cross section (as) has been calculated with
Trapezium Method.

x={0, 7.2, 11.6, 14.4, 16, 16.4, 16.4, 16.4, 16.4, 16.4, 16.4, 16.4, 16.4, 16.4, 16.4, 16.4,
16.4, 16, 13.6, 8, 0};

y={0, 4.4, 12.4, 12.4, 12.4, 12.4, 12.4, 12.4, 12.4, 12.4, 12.4, 12.4, 12.4, 12.4, 12.4, 12.4,
12.4, 12.4, 12.4, 12.4, 0};

as={0, 35.092, 147.86, 243.61, 318.06, 368.77, 386.73, 395.16, 397.3, 397.3, 397.3,
397.3, 397.3, 397.3, 397.3, 396.74, 391.72, 368.86, 297, 184.04, 26.66};

0.0 - 0.0 1.5968472482251417 - 3.819559306313815

0.0 - 0.0 2.0478066019290666 - 3.5237572139950872
0.0 - 0.0 2.525084671943123 - 3.1899091226418377
0.0 - 0.0 3.026527288600797 - 2.8317838967454927
0.0 - 0.0 3.5468399661753223 - 2.463335164450289
0.0 - 0.0 4.077728934315969 - 2.0978299469936363
0.0 - 0.0 4.608259605183426 - 1.7470346590530128
0.0 - 0.0 5.125409620754668 - 1.420513266817868
0.0 - 0.0 5.614780253238265 - 1.1250846719431238
0.0 - 0.0 6.061419017697706 - 0.864475469055108
0.0 - 0.0 6.4506986445143575 - 0.6391908469132694
0.0 - 0.0 6.769193576765462 - 0.4466114808216764
0.0 - 0.0 7.005495176429541 - 0.28130881380664985
0.0 - 0.0 7.15091084341811 - 0.13555619970210706
0.0 - 0.0 7.2 - 9.390341369784692E-17
0.0 - 0.0 0.0 - 12.399999999999999
0.0 - 0.0 0.38792599765378244 - 12.298301765780753
0.0 - 0.0 0.8011173857334878 - 11.997695984237794
0.0 - 0.0 1.2627242773367489 - 11.511362088556229
0.0 - 4.4 1.791813378200004 - 10.860327473165992
0.37959227939554996 - 4.361565688761223 2.401684100620313 - 10.072126717503046
0.7675237112740548 - 4.248033467995359 3.0985866018268724 - 9.179053254299323
1.1713048071087337 - 4.064601263156071 3.880931969129568 - 8.216121653366487
Bulletin of the Transilvania University of Braşov • Vol. 13(48) - 2006 91

4.739051145744875 - 7.2188781471258325 7.045019988619084 - 12.174809585696966

5.655521684915399 - 6.221207109864638 8.581370697551405 - 12.007825269405775
6.606042592630648 - 5.253281233494108 9.982908320195035 - 11.768077605532065
7.560800017935294 - 4.339793118210406 11.236514484837253 - 11.438767765320721
8.48623293127177 - 3.4985866018268745 12.33510031574988 - 11.00377854225767
9.347080487873725 - 2.7397787100128728 13.277493296051148 - 10.449066171304956
10.108573376537262 - 2.065429492860541 14.067956314733586 - 9.763949877003723
10.738621427524972 - 1.4697795134187672 14.715375942476687 - 8.942208739433068
11.209849781828026 - 0.9400359278670318 15.232179220669819 - 7.982908320195039
11.501346007307355 - 15.633056417552375 - 6.890897650588609
0.45765059185190893 15.9335800688406 - 5.6769394153164106
11.6 - 3.1817737930515983E-16 16.148817303766194 - 4.357460954192624
0.0 - 12.4 16.292032508553877 - 2.9539393636343343
0.9695927227771434 - 12.327840619714813 16.373570797624566 - 1.491958761961492
1.944733565044777 - 12.113613567379202 16.4 - 1.0504054111380305E-15
2.930047447243021 - 11.763938993915474 0.0 - 12.4
3.9283799547705125 - 11.289415685833687 2.012171372783688 - 12.403804153521342
4.940070726302039 - 10.703999471024305 3.982634593440278 - 12.411712784951785
5.962409937890854 - 10.024192051421918 5.8717976628765705 - 12.413477880286536
6.98931888289643 - 9.268094477535561 7.644162202468813 - 12.392879517630627
8.011280252117743 - 8.454388414013625 9.270032959434054 - 12.328953756004
9.015526548757673 - 7.6013129863845785 10.726848251039943 - 12.197591524866288
9.986477300251579 - 6.725705032744664 12.000045956039962 - 11.973398257117212
10.906398566113543 - 5.842166010194338 13.083411148349544 - 11.631685885898017
11.756242858990795 - 4.962409937890855 13.978886589245663 - 11.150459464499473
12.516615045097605 - 4.094834202820641 14.695863658373927 - 10.51226070960339
13.168800927405503 - 3.2443396681191756 15.250006434273175 - 9.705740210635781
13.69579064649361 - 2.412409357037982 15.66169314000404 - 8.726848251039948
14.08322907340362 - 1.5974372097109169 15.954184904150598 - 7.579559912471257
14.320230015898307 - 0.7952812372818264 16.15165000077426 - 6.276081629166139
14.4 - 5.571995877088869E-16 16.277181185442807 - 4.836521482466492
0.0 - 12.4 16.350943797000614 - 3.288041882772558
1.4447494468819484 - 12.357211223349532 16.388582945888324 - 1.6635484017930549
2.876227440502829 - 12.22887089578949 16.4 - 1.1718805651469799E-15
4.281418639575981 - 12.01507724698215 0.0 - 12.4
5.647807407229181 - 11.7160598558048 2.0982753089079567 - 12.411337271817176
6.963597180010219 - 11.332273141786308 4.150287733775987 - 12.441274556993472
8.217895485528187 - 10.864517024151944 6.112190947498201 - 12.477891066766766
9.400856710276546 - 10.31407537178904 7.944812655266027 - 12.502307333367467
10.503777451078967 - 9.682861340431112 9.615604705295548 - 12.490096507541207
11.51914233286065 - 8.973557920589078 11.100158413288915 - 12.413122247531955
12.440621335659433 - 8.189742056207427 12.38318718233919 - 12.241676631970842
13.263022731229409 - 7.3359815394127805 13.458914635591018 - 11.946770723548118
13.98220847777592 - 6.417895485528191 14.330846785528461 - 11.502419660782271
14.594981175118248 - 5.442171437743701 15.01094849602403 - 10.887764196844861
15.09895329063407 - 4.4165348912567755 15.518284809126804 - 10.088881436935006
15.492410221622796 - 3.3496700772069086 15.877223862669707 - 9.100158413288918
15.774178806633437 - 2.251094000901881 16.115327655687807 - 7.925131658332751
15.943512136479818 - 1.1309887729903787 16.261077816511097 - 6.576732081963353
16.0 - 7.948603499914596E-16 16.34159437192304 - 5.0769147670881205
0.0 - 12.399999999999995 16.3805055690423 - 3.455695023108268
1.840581732952125 - 12.388792005257582 16.39611606418416 - 1.7496523379173234
3.648532074302054 - 12.352801496505045 16.4 - 1.232836977851964E-15
5.392737134602704 - 12.285113998609923 0.0 - 12.4
 BULLETIN OF THE TRANSILVANIA UNIVERSITY OF BRAŞOV

92 Conformal mapping in hydrodynamic

2.120788786475164 - 12.413306945880853 16.398085738247836 - 1.7721658154845303

4.1941237694314575 - 12.44900403280683 16.4 - 1.2487751671123301E-15
6.175046248477997 - 12.494733093904317 0.0 - 12.4
8.023423315002322 - 12.530919273607507 2.120788786475164 - 12.413306945880853
9.7059608736487 - 12.532230280805823 4.1941237694314575 - 12.44900403280683
11.197767307164252 - 12.469476768686182 6.175046248477997 - 12.494733093904317
12.48336659098911 - 12.311823009080905 8.023423315002322 - 12.530919273607507
13.557097015130761 - 12.029155522008024 9.7059608736487 - 12.532230280805823
14.422873333212952 - 11.594446208466763 11.197767307164252 - 12.469476768686182
15.093333294483939 - 10.985946576384604 12.48336659098911 - 12.311823009080905
15.588431186236871 - 10.189060845584926 13.557097015130761 - 12.029155522008024
15.933578383823935 - 9.197767307164254 14.422873333212952 - 11.594446208466763
16.157461428952423 - 8.0154878266859 15.093333294483939 - 10.985946576384604
16.28968975675114 - 6.6553427416996485 15.588431186236871 - 10.189060845584926
16.358436399060594 - 5.139770068067918 15.933578383823935 - 9.197767307164254
16.388235044855662 - 3.4995310587637385 16.157461428952423 - 8.0154878266859
16.398085738247836 - 1.7721658154845303 16.28968975675114 - 6.6553427416996485
16.4 - 1.2487751671123301E-15 16.358436399060594 - 5.139770068067918
0.0 - 12.4 16.388235044855662 - 3.4995310587637385
2.120788786475164 - 12.413306945880853 16.398085738247836 - 1.7721658154845303
4.1941237694314575 - 12.44900403280683 16.4 - 1.2487751671123301E-15
6.175046248477997 - 12.494733093904317 0.0 - 12.4
8.023423315002322 - 12.530919273607507 2.120788786475164 - 12.413306945880853
9.7059608736487 - 12.532230280805823 4.1941237694314575 - 12.44900403280683
11.197767307164252 - 12.469476768686182 6.175046248477997 - 12.494733093904317
12.48336659098911 - 12.311823009080905 8.023423315002322 - 12.530919273607507
13.557097015130761 - 12.029155522008024 9.7059608736487 - 12.532230280805823
14.422873333212952 - 11.594446208466763 11.197767307164252 - 12.469476768686182
15.093333294483939 - 10.985946576384604 12.48336659098911 - 12.311823009080905
15.588431186236871 - 10.189060845584926 13.557097015130761 - 12.029155522008024
15.933578383823935 - 9.197767307164254 14.422873333212952 - 11.594446208466763
16.157461428952423 - 8.0154878266859 15.093333294483939 - 10.985946576384604
16.28968975675114 - 6.6553427416996485 15.588431186236871 - 10.189060845584926
16.358436399060594 - 5.139770068067918 15.933578383823935 - 9.197767307164254
16.388235044855662 - 3.4995310587637385 16.157461428952423 - 8.0154878266859
16.398085738247836 - 1.7721658154845303 16.28968975675114 - 6.6553427416996485
16.4 - 1.2487751671123301E-15 16.358436399060594 - 5.139770068067918
0.0 - 12.4 16.388235044855662 - 3.4995310587637385
2.120788786475164 - 12.413306945880853 16.398085738247836 - 1.7721658154845303
4.1941237694314575 - 12.44900403280683 16.4 - 1.2487751671123301E-15
6.175046248477997 - 12.494733093904317 0.0 - 12.4
8.023423315002322 - 12.530919273607507 2.120788786475164 - 12.413306945880853
9.7059608736487 - 12.532230280805823 4.1941237694314575 - 12.44900403280683
11.197767307164252 - 12.469476768686182 6.175046248477997 - 12.494733093904317
12.48336659098911 - 12.311823009080905 8.023423315002322 - 12.530919273607507
13.557097015130761 - 12.029155522008024 9.7059608736487 - 12.532230280805823
14.422873333212952 - 11.594446208466763 11.197767307164252 - 12.469476768686182
15.093333294483939 - 10.985946576384604 12.48336659098911 - 12.311823009080905
15.588431186236871 - 10.189060845584926 13.557097015130761 - 12.029155522008024
15.933578383823935 - 9.197767307164254 14.422873333212952 - 11.594446208466763
16.157461428952423 - 8.0154878266859 15.093333294483939 - 10.985946576384604
16.28968975675114 - 6.6553427416996485 15.588431186236871 - 10.189060845584926
16.358436399060594 - 5.139770068067918 15.933578383823935 - 9.197767307164254
16.388235044855662 - 3.4995310587637385 16.157461428952423 - 8.0154878266859
Bulletin of the Transilvania University of Braşov • Vol. 13(48) - 2006 93

16.28968975675114 - 6.6553427416996485 15.407307446153649 - 9.930389337211398

16.358436399060594 - 5.139770068067918 15.78806635508385 - 8.945733080274005
16.388235044855662 - 3.4995310587637385 16.048668545956748 - 7.782180736199495
16.398085738247836 - 1.7721658154845303 16.215811363585054 - 6.452363524690247
16.4 - 1.2487751671123301E-15 16.31494889376933 - 4.977472488826525
0.0 - 12.4 16.36827689981844 - 3.3863427936608645
2.120788786475164 - 12.413306945880853 16.392999877112082 - 1.7140341566983053
4.1941237694314575 - 12.44900403280683 16.4 - 1.2076214458807672E-15
6.175046248477997 - 12.494733093904317 0.0 - 12.399999999999997
8.023423315002322 - 12.530919273607507 1.8877318322787247 - 12.395967160213422
9.7059608736487 - 12.532230280805823 3.738759298721103 - 12.380958534113976
11.197767307164252 - 12.469476768686182 5.518179645499846 - 12.346466359749751
12.48336659098911 - 12.311823009080905 7.194575891291457 - 12.279037543304527
13.557097015130761 - 12.029155522008024 8.741474048339656 - 12.161310740744948
14.422873333212952 - 11.594446208466763 10.138479300967678 - 11.97336660699717
15.093333294483939 - 10.985946576384604 11.372018796582596 - 11.694297923653716
15.588431186236871 - 10.189060845584926 12.435645353876863 - 11.30389098515205
15.933578383823935 - 9.197767307164254 13.329886119173175 - 10.784301706901605
16.157461428952423 - 8.0154878266859 14.06165098038037 - 10.12160995900532
16.28968975675114 - 6.6553427416996485 14.643245283094082 - 9.30714362571883
16.358436399060594 - 5.139770068067918 15.091058060621148 - 8.338479300967677
16.388235044855662 - 3.4995310587637385 15.424018774076892 - 7.220048306073139
16.398085738247836 - 1.7721658154845303 15.661930978133796 - 5.963303375319051
16.4 - 1.2487751671123301E-15 15.823799334390396 - 4.586431083130775
0.0 - 12.399999999999999 15.926266444957927 - 3.1136258591201558
2.1148702899013063 - 12.412789144525522 15.982268073343706 - 1.5739711583871545
4.182599853321034 - 12.44697205547314 16.0 - 1.1084652596010834E-15
6.158522418146268 - 12.490305546911063 0.0 - 12.400000000000002
8.002757608474797 - 12.523397571561407 1.4760480599151795 - 12.378249831857874
9.682207427686002 - 12.521153867045847 2.9276960800966614 - 12.311431466906733
11.172107215236887 - 12.454661907704486 4.331626989797154 - 12.19497138376765
12.457030744601287 - 12.29338245091502 5.666620266729935 - 12.021671540740519
13.531286161379516 - 12.007497644144983 6.914431432713245 - 11.782315093924838
14.398680766536005 - 11.570253641789815 8.060481841842734 - 11.466454537623578
15.071675416620893 - 10.96013572263336 9.094315966063338 - 11.063327338656455
15.569990628070986 - 10.162724999197106 10.009799095881057 - 10.562835115686907
15.918763522842237 - 9.172107215236892 10.805045901376387 - 9.956517763952531
16.146385015192443 - 7.991734380723207 11.48208844742968 - 9.23845396425721
16.28216805470504 - 6.634677035172124 12.04630979180324 - 8.406024242442086
16.35400885206733 - 5.12324623773619 12.505685022164903 - 7.460481841842736
16.386203067521972 - 3.488007142653315 12.869884438368818 - 6.407289518624407
16.397567936892504 - 1.766247318910673 13.149302685683606 - 5.256196094739135
16.4 - 1.2445852271863736E-15 13.35408237531453 - 4.021044135674133
0.0 - 12.399999999999997 13.49320077052138 - 2.7193182668963467
2.0626571276889383 - 12.408221084745097 13.573683469567966 - 1.3714611686179892
4.080935504328584 - 12.429045887769608 13.6 - 9.651003558708342E-16
6.012748669236603 - 12.451245588613059 0.0 - 12.399999999999999
7.82044409799292 - 12.457040880441424 1.0340420729621906 - 12.382280099717866
9.472653783162292 - 12.423437397810147 2.044961818483845 - 12.327247209480433
10.945733080274003 - 12.323964739946094 3.0108523264049074 - 12.229432862405888
12.224695082615582 - 12.130699268997684 3.912157434784615 - 12.080216142250054
13.303582000882692 - 11.816431167054565 4.732652325037954 - 11.868527526397983
14.185253185312678 - 11.356826060566489 5.460205235215455 - 11.581764892550783
14.880608939530477 - 10.732431562136535 6.087270999830458 - 11.206858034610427
 BULLETIN OF THE TRANSILVANIA UNIVERSITY OF BRAŞOV

94 Conformal mapping in hydrodynamic

6.611085318313334 - 10.731407577247174 0.0 - 0.0

7.033548947818976 - 10.144818785039785 0.0 - 0.0
7.36081202752367 - 9.439350800934108 0.0 - 0.0
7.602589039738864 - 8.61100731977506 0.0 - 0.0
7.771253115899253 - 7.660205235215456 0.0 - 0.0
7.880773263436724 - 6.5921726766970306 0.0 - 0.0
7.9455686107920585 - 5.4170460654175585 0.0 - 0.0
7.979359226733989 - 4.149656124856002 0.0 - 0.0
7.994093096226718 - 2.80901380021834 0.0 - 0.0
7.999023428114188 - 1.417527341051886 0.0 - 0.0
8.0 - 9.977124377920012E-16 0.0 - 0.0
0.0 - 0.0 0.0 - 0.0
0.0 - 0.0 0.0 - 0.0
0.0 - 0.0 0.0 - 0.0
0.0 - 0.0 0.0 - 0.0

The graphical representation of the points shows the contour of the ship’s cross section
of the dry bulk carrier.

Fig. 2. The graphical representation

4. Conclusions

This is a mathematical solution in order to obtain the contour of the ship’s cross section
of different types of ships, using conformal mapping approximations.
The advantage of conformal mapping is that the velocity potential of the fluid around
an arbitrary shape of a cross section in a complex plane can be derived from the more
convenient circular section in another complex plane.

References

1. Athanassoulis, G.A., and Loukakis, T.A.: An Extended-Lewis Form Family of Ship

Sections and its Applications to Seakeeping Calculations, International Shipbuilding
Progress, 1985, Vol. 32, No. 366.
2. Ikeda, Y., Himeno, Y., and Tanaka, N.: A Prediction Method for Ship Rolling.
Technical Report 00405, Department of Naval Architecture, University of Osaka
Prefecture, Japan, 1978.
Bulletin of the Transilvania University of Braşov • Vol. 13(48) - 2006 95

3. Journee, J.M.J.: Verification and Validation of Ship Motions Program SEAWAY,

Tehnical Report 1213a, 2001, Delft University of Technology, Ship Hydromechanics
Laboratory, The Netherlands, Internet: www.shipmotions.nl.
4. Journee, J.M.J., and Massie, W.W.: Offshore Hydromechanics, Lecture Notes, First
Edition, January 2001, Delft University of Technology, Ship Hydromechanics
Laboratory, The Netherlands, Internet: www.shipmotions.nl.
5. Kerczeck, C.V. and Tuck, E.O.: The Representation of Ship Hulls by Conformal
Mapping Functions. Journal of Ship Research, 13(4), 1969.
6. Lamb, H.: Hydrodynamics. Dover Publications, Inc., New York, 6 edition, 1932.
7. Tasai, F.: Improvements in the Theory of Ship Motions in Longitudinal Waves. In
Proceedings 12th I.T.T.C, 1969.
8. Ursell, F.: On the Heaving Motion of a Circular Cylinder on the Surface of a Fluid.
Quaterly Journal of Mechanics and Applied Mathematics, II, 1949.
9. Vantorre, M. and Journee, J.M.J.: Validation of the Strip Theory Code SEAWAY by
Model Tests in Very Shallow Water, Colloquium on Numerical Modelling, 23-24
October 2003, Antwerp, Belgium, Internet: www.shipmotions.nl

Transformarea conformă în hidrodinamică

Rezumat: Problemele de hidrodinamică pot fi rezolvate direct folosind
coeficienţii transformării. Formele navei au fost descrise de transformarea
conformă cu doi parametri a lui Lewis cu aplicaţii practice pentru orice tip de
navă. Aici prezentăm un algoritm ce rezolvă direct problemele care apar în
domeniul arhitecturii navale privind conturul secţiunii transversale a navei.
Aplicaţia informatică a fost realizată în limbajul Java şi creează atât un fişier
cu date de ieşire cât şi o reprezentare grafică.

Cuvinte cheie: transformarea conformă, hidrodinamică, secţiune

transversală a navei, reprezentarea corpului navei.