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    Cross-Flow Microfiltration

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    Shravan Kumar
    Microfiltration is a membrane separation process used to remove particles and suspended solids from colloidal and suspended solutions in the size range of 0.05-10 microns. There are two main configurations: cross-flow microfiltration and dead-end microfiltration. Cross-flow microfiltration prevents solids accumulation by flowing the feed solution tangentially along the membrane surface, while dead-end microfiltration forces all feed through the membrane, trapping solids until backwashing. Microfiltration finds applications in food/beverage processing, wastewater treatment, and pre-treatment for other membrane processes.

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    Cross-Flow Microfiltration

    Uploaded by

    Shravan Kumar
    92 views8 pages
    Microfiltration is a membrane separation process used to remove particles and suspended solids from colloidal and suspended solutions in the size range of 0.05-10 microns. There are two main configurations: cross-flow microfiltration and dead-end microfiltration. Cross-flow microfiltration prevents solids accumulation by flowing the feed solution tangentially along the membrane surface, while dead-end microfiltration forces all feed through the membrane, trapping solids until backwashing. Microfiltration finds applications in food/beverage processing, wastewater treatment, and pre-treatment for other membrane processes.

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    Microfiltration is a membrane separation process used to remove particles and suspended solids from colloidal and suspended solutions in the size range of 0.05-10 microns. There are two main configurations: cross-flow microfiltration and dead-end microfiltration. Cross-flow microfiltration prevents solids accumulation by flowing the feed solution tangentially along the membrane surface, while dead-end microfiltration forces all feed through the membrane, trapping solids until backwashing. Microfiltration finds applications in food/beverage processing, wastewater treatment, and pre-treatment for other membrane processes.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    92 views8 pages

    Cross-Flow Microfiltration

    Uploaded by

    Shravan Kumar
    Microfiltration is a membrane separation process used to remove particles and suspended solids from colloidal and suspended solutions in the size range of 0.05-10 microns. There are two main configurations: cross-flow microfiltration and dead-end microfiltration. Cross-flow microfiltration prevents solids accumulation by flowing the feed solution tangentially along the membrane surface, while dead-end microfiltration forces all feed through the membrane, trapping solids until backwashing. Microfiltration finds applications in food/beverage processing, wastewater treatment, and pre-treatment for other membrane processes.

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    MICROFILTRATION

    Cross-flow microfiltration
    Microfiltration

    The microfiltration process is a membrane solids separation technique that


    can be used to remove particles and suspended solids from for colloidal and
    suspended solutions.

    Two distinct flow configurations are commonly employed for microfiltration


    systems, Cross Flow Microfiltration and Dead End Microfiltration.
    • Particle size in the range of 0.05-10 microns. On molecular weigh basis , the particles
    are separated or rejected. Passage of particles through membrane is usually a
    function of particle geometry (i.e; particles shape and size).

    • Microfiltration is suited to separate larger sizes, such as suspended solids, particulates,


    and microorganisms and reduction of turbidity . Commercially available
    microfiltration membranes are made from a variety of materials including organic
    polymers, such as polypropylene, ceramics and metal alloys. systems are operated at
    much lower feed pressures than reverse osmosis or ultra filtration due to the greater
    effective pore size.
    The Dead-end Process

    • The complete feed flow is forced through


    the membrane and cumulated solids are
    trapped on the surface of the membrane
    until backwashing is performed.

    • During backwashing, accumulated solids are


    flushed away from the membranes and are
    collected for disposal. Backwash volumes
    typically represent roughly 2 to 5 percent of
    the total influent feed stream.
    Factors influencing performance are;
    • Raw water characteristics
    • Trans-membrane pressure
    • Temperature
    • Regular monitoring and maintenance.

    Pretreatment
    A self backwashing 100 um strainer is often necessary to protect the membranes and
    moderate particulate loading. Depending on the raw water, a coagulant such as ferric
    chloride may be added to form pin flocs and help improve rejection.
    Cross-Flow Microfiltration:
    With cross-flow filtration a constant turbulent flow along the membrane surface prevents the
    accumulation of matter on the membrane surface. The membranes used in this process are
    commonly tubes with a membrane layer on the inside wall of the tube. The feed flow
    through the membrane tube has an elevated pressure as driving force for the filtration
    process and a high flow speed to create turbulent conditions.
    • The process is referred to as "cross-flow", because the feed flow and filtration flow
    direction have a 90 degrees angle. Cross-flow filtration is an excellent way to filter
    liquids with a high concentration of filterable matter. In cross-flow microfiltration
    (CFMF), the suspension is pumped tangentially over the filtration medium.
    • Clear liquid permeates the filtration medium and is recovered as the permeate,
    while the solids accumulate at the filtration barrier to form a fouling layer, or cake.
    • The cake, constituting an increase in hydraulic resistance, decreases the permeate
    flux.
    • The tangential suspension flow tends to limit the growth of the cake termed as
    sweeping.
    • Correspondingly, after an initial rapid decrease, the permeate flux levels off and
    either attains a steady-state, or exhibits a slow, long-term decline with time.
    Examples of micro filtration applications
    They are;
    • Cold sterilization of beverages and pharmaceuticals
    • Clearing of fruit juice, wines and beer Separation of bacteria from water (biological
    wastewater treatment)
    • Separation of oil/ water emulsions
    • Pre-treatment of water for nano filtration or Reverse Osmosis
    • fermentation, broth clarification
    • pre-treatment of water for nanofiltration

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