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    Internal Structure of Earth

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    Sonal Mevada
    The Earth is composed of three main layers - a crust, mantle, and core. The crust and upper mantle form tectonic plates that float on the mantle. These plates constantly move and interact at their boundaries, which include mid-ocean ridges, subduction zones, and transform faults. Over millions of years, plates have collided, broken apart, and reshaped continents and oceans, such as when India collided with Asia around 40 million years ago.

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    Internal Structure of Earth

    Uploaded by

    Sonal Mevada
    80 views1 page
    The Earth is composed of three main layers - a crust, mantle, and core. The crust and upper mantle form tectonic plates that float on the mantle. These plates constantly move and interact at their boundaries, which include mid-ocean ridges, subduction zones, and transform faults. Over millions of years, plates have collided, broken apart, and reshaped continents and oceans, such as when India collided with Asia around 40 million years ago.

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    Earth internal structure

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    Internal structure of Earth

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    The Earth is composed of three main layers - a crust, mantle, and core. The crust and upper mantle form tectonic plates that float on the mantle. These plates constantly move and interact at their boundaries, which include mid-ocean ridges, subduction zones, and transform faults. Over millions of years, plates have collided, broken apart, and reshaped continents and oceans, such as when India collided with Asia around 40 million years ago.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    80 views1 page

    Internal Structure of Earth

    Uploaded by

    Sonal Mevada
    The Earth is composed of three main layers - a crust, mantle, and core. The crust and upper mantle form tectonic plates that float on the mantle. These plates constantly move and interact at their boundaries, which include mid-ocean ridges, subduction zones, and transform faults. Over millions of years, plates have collided, broken apart, and reshaped continents and oceans, such as when India collided with Asia around 40 million years ago.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    of 1

    Internal structure of the Earth and its

    outer plates
    The universe formed with a big bang about 14
    Internal Layers of the Earth billion years ago. The Solar System and the
    Earth formed about 4.5 billion years ago and life
    • The Earth is made up of three main layers: crust, mantle, and on Earth began about 3.5 billion years ago.
    core
    • Beneath the oceans, the crust generally extends to about 5 km. Lithosphere
    The thickness of the crust beneath the continents is thicker and (crust and upper-
    Crust 0-100 km most solid mantle)
    averages about 30 km. thick Asthenosphere

    • Below the crust is the mantle, a dense, hot layer of semi-solid Mantle
    rock approximately 2900 km thick. Mantle
    Crust 2,900 km

    • At the center of the Earth lies the core, which is actually made Liquid

    up of two distinct parts, a 2200 km-thick liquid outer core and a Core
    Outer core 5,100 km

    1250 km-thick solid inner core. Inner core Solid

    • As the Earth rotates, the liquid outer core spins and generates
    the Earth's magnetic field.

    EURASIAN
    PLATE
    NORTH AMERICAN
    Major Lithospheric Plates
    The outer rigid layer (about 70-100 km thick) of the Earth,
    JUAN DE FUCAPLATE
    PLATE
    ARABIAN
    PHILIPPINE
    PLATE
    CARIBBEAN
    PLATE
    PLATE
    comprising the crust and uppermost mantle, is divided into a
    COCOS
    number of plates. There are about 12 major plates such as
    EQUATOR
    PLATE AFRICAN
    SOUTH
    NAZCA AMERICAN PLATE
    North American, South American, African, Indian, Eurasian,
    PACIFIC
    AUSTRALIAN PLATE PLATE
    PLATE
    PLATE
    etc., covering the entire surface of the Earth.
    SCOTIA PLATE

    ANTARCTIC
    PLATE

    Formation and Destruction Lithosperic plates convergent


    plate boundary
    trans form
    plate boundary
    divergent convergent
    plate boundary plate boundary
    continental rift zone
    (young plate boundary)

    The lithospheric plates are bounded by one of the three main types of
    geological features: (1) mid-oceanic ridges, (2) subduction zones, and is land
    trench oceanic

    (3) transform faults.


    s hield s preading
    arc volcano ridge
    s trato
    volcano oceanic continental crus t

    Boundaries are narrow deforming zones, which are accompanied by


    lithos phere
    crus t

    earthquake activity, but the plates' interiors are rigid. Each plate is in
    as thenos phere s ubducting
    plate
    hot s pot
    relative motion with respect to others on the surface of the Earth. The
    relative motion between the plates produces new crust at mid-oceanic
    ridges, consumes crust at subduction zones, and conserves crust along
    the transform faults. Apart from the normal process of construction and Formation and Destruction of lithospheric
    destruction at plate boundaries, plates also undergo break-ups and plates
    unifications.

    Breaking up of continents in About 225 million years ago, India was a EURASIAN PLATE

    the geological past large island situated off the Australian


    coast, and a vast ocean called 'The Sea of
    INDIA
    In the past, continental landmasses have Tethys' separated India from the Asian Today
    undergone break-ups, have collided with continent. The Indian subcontinent, 10 Million
    other continental masses, new oceans have moving northwards, collided with Asia Years ago
    Sri Lanka
    formed, and some have perished. about 40 million years ago, and set in 30 Million
    Years ago
    motion a chain of events that led to the
    formation of the Tibetan Plateau and the
    Himalayan Mountain Range. This is a 55 Million
    Africa Years ago
    spectacular demonstration of a head-on
    S outh crash between two giant landmasses that
    America
    began many millions of years ago and 71 Million
    Years ago
    India INDIA
    continues to date. As a result of this Landmass
    collision, mountain ranges such as the
    Himalayas and peaks such as Mt. Everest
    Antarctica Aus tralia were formed. Mt. Everest has risen to a
    height of nearly 9 km. The Himalayas North ward migration of
    continue to rise more than 1 cm a year the Indian subcontinent

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