Ma. Jessa I. Corpuz Bsce 5A

MA. JESSA I.
CORPUZ BSCE 5A
Design of Irrigation canal
Canal - is a artificial channel, generally trapezoidal in section, constructed to carry water to
fields from source (river/reservoir).
Types of canal (based on use)
• These are two type of canal:
• Aqueducts – Water supply canal that used for the conveyance and delivery of
potable water for human consumption, miunicipal uses, and agriculture
irrigation.
• Waterways – Navigable transportation canals used for carrying ships and boats
shipping goods and conveying people.
Types of canal (based on discharge)

• Main canal – Takes off directly from the upstream side of weir head works or dam.
Usually no direct cultivation is proposed.
• Branch canal – All offtakes from main canal with head discharge of 14-15 cusecs and
above are termed as branch canals.
• Major distributary – All offtakes from main canal or branch canal with head discharge
from 0.028 to 15 cusecs are termed as major distributaries.
• Minor distributary – All offtakes taking off from a major distributary carrying discharge
less than 0.25 cusecs are termed as minor distributaries.
• Water course – Small channels which carry water from the outlets of a major or minor
distributary or a branch canal to the fields to be irrigated.
Types of canal ( based on lining being provided or not )

• Unlined canals – Is the one which has its bed and banks made up of natural soil through
which it is constructed and not provided with a lining of impervious material.
• Lined canals – Is provided with a lining of impervious material on its bed and banks to
prevent the seepage of water.
Flood control structures

What is meant by flood?
• Floods of all natural hazards capable of producing a disaster, a flood is the most
common in causing loss of life, human suffering inconvenience, widespread damage to
buildings, strutures, crop, infrastructure and other national assets.
Types of flood control structures
Check dams - These are small gravity dams, usually constructed with rocks and mortar
or concrete of variable height and width.
Retaining walls - These are rock/concrete block structures built on step slopes
anywhere in the watershed, where the erosion of the base foundation threatens lands and/or
homes.
Bunding - Bunding is the general name used in Jamaica for flexible structures of variable
thickness and length, composed of galvanized wire mesh, stone, wild-cane and riverbed
materials.
Sausage groynes - These are long, cylindrical, slightly flexible structures of variable
thickness, composed of wire and rocks.
Gabion/mattress groynes - These are long, flexible structures of variable thickness,
composed of wire and rocks.
Paved drains - These are u-shaped concrete structures designed to quickly remove
water from highly susceptible erodible areas such as road-sides, under-bridges and
steep slopes.
Reservoirs - One of the most direct methods of flood control through storing surface
runoff; thus, attenuating flood waves and storing flood water to be redistributed
without exceeding downstream flood conditions.
Flood control (levees, floodwals, & floodways)
• Levees- These serve the purposed of confining flood waters to the stream and to
portions of the flood plain.
• Floodways- Are dedicated pathways to divert floodwaters into a topographical
depression near the river or into another large body water.
• Floodwalls- required very little space and are often used to protect developed areas.
They are costly to construct, but involve minimal maintenance costs.
What is floods?
• Flood is a term used to denote an enormous amount of water. When there is an outflow
of water in a place, it is said to be flooded. The situation caused when the water
becomes uncontrollable is said to be flooded.
Causes of floods
• Massive rainfall → Drainage systems and the effective infrastructure design aid during
heavy rains. They help the drainage of excess water into reservoirs in an easy way. But
in cases of heavy rainfall, the systems stop working. Thus flood is caused.
• Overflowing of the river → The people living along the river always have a risk of life
from the overflowing of the rivers. To prevent such a situation, a string of dams are
built. However, if these dams are not managed properly, they may cause flooding and
huge damage.
• Collapsed dams → In the event of huge rainfall, the dams built begin to collapse. Thus,
causing the flood situation to become even critical for the people living around.
• Snowmelt → At the time of the high melting of snow due to heavy precipitation and
other factors, the situation of flooding arises. Adopting sustainable measures for heavy
precipitation can help in dealing with the flooding situation.
• Deforestation → The cutting of trees in a reckless manner i.E. Deforestation is also a
major cause of man-made flooding. Trees prevent soil erosion and also the loss of crops.
The vegetation is also enriched as a result of more and more trees. This also blocks the
massive flow of rain, thus preventing flooding.
• Climate change → The climatic changes caused due to human practices also add to the
risk of flooding. Human beings cut trees in a large number, thus affecting the process of
photosynthesis. Thus increased level of carbon-di-oxide in the atmosphere cause
changes in climate posing threats of natural disasters like floods etc.
• Emission of Greenhouse Gases → The burning of fossil fuels, the industrial influences,
the pollution all is depleting the level of the ozone layer and increasing the level of
greenhouse gases, becoming a major cause of man-made flooding.
Republic of the Philippines
BILIRAN PROVINCE STATE UNIVERSITY
(formerly NAVAL STATE UNIVERSITY)
ISO 9001: 2015 CERTIFIED
COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING
IRRIGATIO
N
SYSTEM
-Design of Irrigation Canals
- Flood Control Structures: Rivers
and Floods
- Flood Control (Levees,
Floodways, Floodwalls)
- Causes of Floods
CORPUZ, MA. JESSA I.
BSCE V-A
ENGR. CRISTY M. EBAJAN

INSTRUCTOR

Ma. Jessa I. Corpuz Bsce 5A

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

Ma. Jessa I. Corpuz Bsce 5A

Uploaded by

Document Information

Original Title

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

Ma. Jessa I. Corpuz Bsce 5A

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

MA. JESSA I.

Types of canal (based on discharge)

Types of canal ( based on lining being provided or not )

Flood control structures

ENGR. CRISTY M. EBAJAN

You might also like