17/02/2016

WORKSHOP ON

CIVIL ENGINEERING DESIGN AND 
PRACTICE

Ir. Dr. Abdul Naser Abdul Ghani, P.Eng, MIEM, MASCE, MACEM

Associate Professor
School of Housing, Building and Planning, USM

Consulting Engineer
ABADINI INTEGRAS ENGINEERS SDN BHD
PERUNDING PINANG SDN BHD
USAINS HOLDING SDN BHD

Road and Drainage 
Design Practice

Ir. Dr. Abdul Naser Abdul Ghani, P.Eng, MIEM, MASCE, MACEM

Associate Professor
School of Housing, Building and Planning, USM

Consulting Engineer
ABADINI INTEGRAS ENGINEERS SDN BHD
PERUNDING PINANG SDN BHD
USAINS HOLDING SDN BHD

Design Checklist

Action Notes
Yes No NA
ROAD AND DRAINAGE
1) R&d Layout and details of invert 
levels./Horizontal Alignment
1) Road Long Section (Vertical 
Alignment)
1) Details X‐Sections, Culverts, Sump, 
Drains, MS Grating, Road Kerb
1) Details of MSMA component
1) Details of Detention and Retention 
Facilities
1) Details Traffic Sign and Road 
Marking
1) R&D Calculation and Report
1) Specs and Notes

1
 17/02/2016

RnD Plan

2
 17/02/2016

ROAD FOUNDATION
The Purpose of the foundation is to transfer the 
loading from the road to the soil or sub‐grade. The 
foundation for the purpose of ROAD CONSTRUCTION 
is defined as the sub‐base and any associated 
strengthening materials used. 

3
 17/02/2016

Geogrid

12

4
 17/02/2016

13

LIGHTWEIGHT
GEOMATERIAL

Photo adapted from Syracuse U Geofoam Center

5
 17/02/2016

Pavement Structure

Wearing Course

Binder Course

Base Course

Sub Base  Course

SUBGRADE

Example:road pavement

Example: pavement details

6
 17/02/2016

Vertical alignment

MSMA and similar systems

Concept Country
Low Impact Development (LID) United State

Water Sensitive Urban Design (WSUD) Australia

Sustainable Urban Drainage System (SUDS) United Kingdom

Low Impact Urban Design and Development  New Zealand
(LIUDD)

Green Manual China

MSMA
The main focus of Urban Storm Water Management Manual 
(MASMA) is to manage the storm water on site instead of 
draining it away as quickly as possible ‐ control as source 
approach. This approach utilizes detention, retention, 
infiltration and purification process. The quality and quantity 
of the runoff from developing area can be maintained to be 
the same as pre‐development condition from the aspect of 
quantity and quality runoff, also known as uncontaminated 
zero contribution to the peak discharge.

This manual has now become mandatory for new 
development applications. 

7
 17/02/2016

THE EMERGENCE OF MASMA

In 2002, Drainage and Irrigation Department Malaysia has
introduced a new guideline called “Manual Saliran Mesra Alam
2002” or (MASMA). This manual effectively replaced the older
manual called “Urban Drainage Design Standards 1974.” The main
concept of the new manual is about “controlling discharge at source”
as opposed to “rapid discharge” by the previous manual. Two major
parameters to be controlled are the quantity and quality of
discharges. These two components will be required to be addressed
at the source or the site of development. Discharges going out from
the site will have to remain as it was before or less. In order to
achieve that, structural and hydraulic components, such as site
storage facilities, permissible discharge regulators and underground
infiltration modules, will have to be considered, designed and
installed within the site.
22

MASMA, SUSTAINABILITY AND GREEN APPROACH

The MSMA concept promotes sustainable development and

can be considered as green approach to land development
identical to practices already in place in several other
countries like the United States, Australia, United Kingdom,
New Zealand and China etc. In those places the practices
are known as Low Impact Development (LID), Sustainable
Urban Drainage Systems (SUDS), Low Impact Urban Design
and Development (LIUDD), Water Sensitive Urban Design
(WSUD) or the Green Manual.

23

SIMILAR CONCEPT WORLDWIDE
Concept Country Description

Low Impact Development United LID is a concept that includes planning, designing and
States undertaking land redevelopment in a way to minimize the
(LID) effect of rain water run-off and contaminants that modify and
pollute our rivers, streams and harbors as well as to lessen
our impacts on other aspects of the environment, including
physical waste reduction through composting and recycled
building materials.
Water Sensitive Urban Australia WSUD is a concept and label started in 1994 to embody
Design and codify the emerging sustainable values (Bryant Ian,
2004).
(WSUD) WSUD is regarded as a part of a new paradigm of urban
total water cycle management which aims to optimize and
integrate urban planning and design with water, wastewater
and stormwater service provision across a range of
planning scales from city-wide down to the site.
Sustainable Urban United SUDS refers to a collection of methods used to reduces
Drainage System (SUDS) Kingdom run-off from hard surfaces through storage and by
enhancing groundwater recharge via infiltration.

Low Impact Urban Design New LIUDD aims to avoid a wide range of adverse effects of a
and Development Zealand physiochemical, biodiversity, social, economic and amenity
(LIUDD) value, resulting from conventional urban development,
protecting aquatic and terrestrial ecological integrity while
allowing urbanization at all densities.
Green Manual China This manual is used as guideline and reference for
sustainable use of material and construction approach.

8
 17/02/2016

RAPID DISPOSAL vs
Control at Source

What to Control?

QUANTITY
AND 
QUALITY 

Performance Category
QUANTITY  Allowable discharge
 Drainage structure/Hydraulic structure and
components
 Underground/above ground type
 Local/onsite/regional
 Specific/Multiple use
QUALITY  Allowable quality
 Treatment components
 Biological/natural/structural
 Specific/multiple use
 Above/below ground

9
 17/02/2016

Design Consideration

Quantity Quality
 Runoff peak  Runoff volume
 Landuse % imperviousness  Landuse activities
 Management of infrequent storms  Management of frequent storms
 Multi storm ARI design  Single storm ARI design approach
approach(major/minor)
 Ponds may not be efficient in
 Detention/retention may not perform infrequent storms
in repeated/multiple storms
 Annual average load modelling
 Event and continuous (retention only)
modelling

MSMA DRAINAGE CONCEPT

x x
29

GLOSSARY OF TERMS

10
 17/02/2016

STRUCTURE AND TREATMENT‐1
Component Description Treatment
On-site Detention (OSD) OSD is a storage provided near the site or the OSD function is to hold water
source of runoff usually individual building temporarily while discharging slowly
complex or residential lot. The storage can be away from the site i.e. quantity
above or under ground. The size of the OSD is control to ensure the Permissible Site
calculated from Site Storage Requirement Discharge (PSD) amount is complied
(SSR) based on the amount of runoff generated with. PSD is the maximum allowable
within the area. post-development discharge.
Building Perimeter Swale Perimeter swale is a drainage conveyance The swale will let runoff water to
receiving runoff from the roof and also lawn flow towards OSD while some of the
area. It is usually grass covered. Below the water infiltrate into the ground. In
grass covered swale, a drainage module in the the process of infiltration, there will
form of porous pipe or other water permeable be some quality treatment in terms
shape can be installed to carry the infiltrated of suspended solid and other
water to OSD or direct to main water way biological treatment. Depending on
outside the lot. soil types, there will also be a
reduction of quantity of runoff when
water further infiltrate into soil.
Storm water pipe Storm water pipes are conveyance structure Conveyance only.
delivering runoff to downstream treatment
structure or components like Gross Pollutant
Trap (GPT) or detention pond.

STRUCTURE AND TREATMENT‐2
Component Description Treatment
Gross Pollutant Trap (GPT) GPT is a structure that intercepts gross Used in treatment train to protect
pollutants (defined as trash, litter and quality of downstream receiving
vegetation larger than 5 mm). It will be waters.
installed at every outlet of drain before it enters
main water way, wet pond or river.
Engineered water ways Main drainage systems within a big Mostly as conveyance. However,
development can be designed as major swale to
increase the quality of discharging
water.
Wet Pond Required to control allowable discharge from Quantity control
major site. It can be part of “kawasan lapang”
subjected to approval by authorities.
Dry Pond Required to control allowable discharge. Can Quantity and quality control.
be part of playground or other recreational area.
Water infiltrate into ground or storage module
before it is discharge out to main water way.
Wetland Shallow marsh systems with vegetation to Quality and Quantity
further improve water quality. Usually provided
in major development. However, studies in the
United States shows that rainwater gardens
within individual residential lot has also
improved the quantity and quality of discharge
from the study area ( ASCE, 2006).

UNDERGROUND ONSITE DETENTION

Graphics courtesy: Perunding Azman, Ooi and Rao Sdn Bhd and DID Malaysia

11
 17/02/2016

Graphics courtesy: Perunding Azman, Ooi and Rao Sdn Bhd, ABADINI, and DID Malaysia

UNDERGROUND ONSITE DETENTION

Graphics courtesy: ABADINI Integras Engineers Sdn Bhd

 ONSITE DETENTION

12
 17/02/2016

KERB STORAGE

37

ONSITE DETENTION

BIO RETENTION

39 Bio‐retention Area (Claytor and Schueler, 1996)

13
 17/02/2016

ONSITE DETENTION

Source: Civil Engineering Magazine, ASCE, December 2006

41 Bio‐retention Area (Claytor and Schueler, 1996)

Building perimeter swale

14
 17/02/2016

MATERIALS FOR SWALE COSNTRUCTION

Graphics courtesy: REDAC USM

On‐site Detention

Example Tank Modules installation

15
 17/02/2016

Concrete Vs Swale

GPT

16
 17/02/2016

Wetland

Photo Courtesy: REDAC, USM

17