NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or discontinued.

Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information.

Designation: D 5747 – 95a
AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR TESTING AND MATERIALS
100 Barr Harbor Dr., West Conshohocken, PA 19428
Reprinted from the Annual Book of ASTM Standards. Copyright ASTM

Standard Practice for

Tests to Evaluate the Chemical Resistance of
Geomembranes to Liquids1
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 5747; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.

1. Scope D 1004 Test Method for Initial Tear Resistance of Plastic

1.1 This practice covers procedures for the testing of Film and Sheeting6
geomembranes for chemical resistance with liquid wastes, D 1505 Test Method for Density of Plastics by Density-
prepared chemical solutions, and leachates derived from solid Gradient Technique6
wastes. D 2240 Test Method of Rubber Property-Durometer Hard-
1.2 This practice covers procedures for testing semi- ness3
crystalline, amorphous, elastomeric, and fabric-reinforced D 3417 Test Method for Heats of Fusion and Crystallization
geomembranes. of Polymers by Thermal Analysis7
1.3 This practice is intended to be used in conjunction with D 3418 Test Method for Transition Temperatures of Poly-
Practice D 5322 or Practice D 5496, or both. The scope of this mers by Thermal Analysis7
practice is limited to testing and reporting procedures for D 3895 Test Method for Oxidative Induction Time of Poly-
unexposed and exposed geomembrane samples. olefins by Thermal Analysis7
1.4 Evaluation and interpretation of test data are beyond the D 4437 Practice for Determining the Integrity of Field
scope of this practice. Seams Used in Joining Flexible Polymeric Sheet
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the Geomembranes8
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the D 4439 Terminology for Geotextiles8
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro- D 4545 Practice for Determining the Integrity of Factory
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica- Seams Used in Joining Manufactured Flexible Sheet
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific precau- Geomembranes8
tionary statements are given in Section 7. D 4833 Test Method for Index Puncture Resistance of
Geotextiles, Geomembranes, and Related Products8
2. Referenced Documents D 5199 Test Method for Measuring Nominal Thickness of
2.1 ASTM Standards: Geotextiles and Geomembranes8
C 717 Terminology of Building Seals and Sealants2 D 5322 Practice for Immersion Procedures for Evaluating
D 412 Test Methods for Vulcanized Rubber and Thermo- the Chemical Resistance of Geosynthetics to Liquids8
plastic Rubbers and Thermoplastic Elastomers-Tension3 D 5323 Practice for Determination of 2 % Secant Modulus
D 413 Test Method for Rubber Property-Adhesion to Flex- of Polyethylene Geomembranes8
ible Substrate3 D 5397 Test Method for Evaluation of Stress Crack Resis-
D 624 Test Method for Tear Strength of Conventional tance of Polyolefin Geomembranes Using Notched Con-
Vulcanized Rubber and Thermoplastic Elastomer3 stant Tensile Load Test8
D 638 Test Method for Tensile Properties of Plastics4 D 5496 Practice for In-Situ Immersion Testing of Geosyn-
D 751 Method of Testing Coated Fabrics5 thetics8
D 882 Test Methods for Tensile Properties of Thin Plastic E 793 Test Method for Heats of Fusion and Crystallinity by
Sheeting6 Differential Scanning Calorimetry9
D 883 Terminology Relating to Plastics6 E 794 Test Method for Melting and Crystallization by
Thermal Analysis9
1
F 1251 Terminology Relating to Polymeric Biomaterials in
This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D-35 on Geosyn-
theticsand is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D35.02 on Endurance
Medical and Surgical Devices10
Properties. 2.2 Government Standard:
Current edition approved Dec. 10, 1995. Published May 1996. Originally EPA/600/2-88/052, Lining of Waste Containment and Other
published as D 5747 – 95. Last previous edition D 5747 – 95.
2
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 04.07.
3 7
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 09.01. Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 08.02.
4 8
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 08.01. Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 04.09.
5 9
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 09.02. Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 14.02.
6 10
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 08.01. Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 13.01.

1
NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or discontinued.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information.
D 5747
Impoundment Facilities11 4. Summary of Practice
2.3 NSF Standard: 4.1 This practice defines test methods and procedures for
NSF Standard 54, Flexible Membrane Liners12 evaluating the resistance of geomembranes to liquid exposure
2.4 FTMS Standard: by monitoring physical and chemical properties of geomem-
FTMS 101C, Method 2031 Test Method for Preservation, brane coupons immersed in a test liquid. The physical condi-
Packaging, and Package Materials: Test Procedures13 tion of the geomembrane is monitored as a function of
3. Terminology cumulative exposure time by means of dimensional measure-
ments, and physical and chemical property tests.
3.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
3.1.1 chemical resistance, n—for geosynthetics, the extent
to which a material or product retains its as-manufactured
physical and chemical characteristics when subjected to im-
mersion or contact with a foreign substance.
3.1.2 coupon, n—a portion of a material or laboratory
sample from which multiple specimens can be taken for
testing.
NOTE 1—See Fig. 1 for the relationship between sample, coupon, and
specimen.
3.1.2.1 Discussion—See Fig. 1 for the relationship between
sample, coupon, and specimen.
3.1.3 elastomer, n—a macromolecular material that returns
rapidly to approximately the initial dimensions and shape after
substantial deformation by a weak stress and release of the
stress. (C 717, C-24)
3.1.4 elastomeric, adj—having the characteristics of an
elastomer. (C 717, C-24)
3.1.5 fabric-reinforced, adj—structurally reinforced mate-
rial made by incorporating geotextile.
3.1.6 flood coating, n—the process of placing a layer(s) of
adhesive or polymer on the edges of cut, fabric-reinforced FIG. 1 Chemical Resistance of Geomembranes
geomembranes in order to prevent exposure of the fabric to an
environment.
5. Significance and Use
3.1.7 geomembrane, n—an essentially impermeable geo-
synthetic composed of one or more synthetic sheets. 5.1 This practice is intended to provide a list of standard
(D 4439) procedures for test programs investigating the chemical resis-
3.1.8 plasticized, adj—having had a plasticizer added. tance of a geomembrane with a liquid waste, leachate, or
3.1.9 plasticizer, n—a substance incorporated into a mate- chemical. This practice should be used in the absence of other
rial to increase its workability, flexibility, or distensibility. specifications required for the particular situation being ad-
(D 883, D-20) dressed.
3.1.10 semi-crystalline, n—a solid that contains a mixture 5.2 Chemical resistance, as used in this practice, is not a
of both crystalline and amorphous regions. quantifiable term. This practice is intended to provide a basis of
3.1.11 tensile set, n—represents residual deformation which standardization for those wishing to compare or investigate the
is partly permanent and partly recoverable after stretching and chemical resistance of a geomembrane. It should be recognized
retraction. (D 412, D-11) that chemical resistance is a user judgement evaluation and that
3.1.12 thermoplastic, n—a plastic that repeatedly can be this practice does not offer procedures for interpreting the
softened by heating and hardened by cooling through a results obtained from test procedures contained in this practice.
temperature range characteristic of the plastic, and that in the As a practice, this does not produce a test result.
softened state can be shaped by flow into articles by molding NOTE 2—This practice is for the chemical resistance assessment of
or extrusion. (F 1251, F-4) geomembranes and is written in parallel to similar standard practices for
3.2 For definitions of other terms related to geomembranes, geotextiles, geonets, geogrids, geopipes, and geosynthetic clay liners.
refer to Terminology D 4439. Each standard is to be considered individually for the geosynthetic under
3.3 For definition of other terms related to plastics, refer to investigation and collectively for all geosynthetics exposed to the poten-
tially harsh chemical environment under consideration.
Terminology D 883.
6. Apparatus
11

12
National Technical Information Service, PB-89-129670. 6.1 Analytical Balance, capable of weighing to an accuracy
Copies can be obtained from National Sanitation Foundation International,
of 0.001 g.
3475 Plymouth Road, PO Box 1468, Ann Arbor, MI 48106.
13
Copies can be obtained from Global Engineering Documents, 2805 McDermit 6.2 Dead Weight Micrometer(s), meeting the requirements
Ave., Irvine, CA 92714. of Test Methods D 638, D 751, or D 5199, or combination

2
NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or discontinued.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information.
D 5747
thereof, capable of measuring thicknesses to an accuracy of 10.3 Immerse additional pieces of geomembrane for weight
0.0025 mm (0.0001 in.). changes, thickness changes, and volatile loss for each immer-
6.3 Air Circulating Oven, capable of maintaining a tempera- sion period. Record the weight of the specimens to an accuracy
ture of 105 6 2°C. of at least 0.1 % of the specimen’s weight. Record the
6.4 All other required equipment is specified in the refer- thickness of the specimens to an accuracy of 0.0025 mm
enced test method standards. Refer to the appropriate standards (0.0001 in.).
for a description of the apparatus necessary to perform those 10.4 Remove a sufficient number of coupons at the pre-
tests. scribed test period for the required testing. Rinse each coupon
with deionized water and blot dry with water-absorbent,
7. Hazards lint-free paper towels to remove any visible liquid or solid
NOTE 3—Warning: The solutions used in this practice may contain residue on the coupon surface. Allow elevated temperature
hazardous chemicals. Appropriate precautions must be taken when han- coupons to cool to room temperature in a sample of immersion
dling hazardous waste, chemicals, and the immersion solutions. Protective fluid. Store coupons in an airtight container or bag with as little
equipment suitable for the chemicals being used must be worn by all air as possible when not being used or tested in order to
personnel handling or exposed to the chemicals. Particular care should be minimize moisture or volatile loss, or both. Keep cut speci-
taken when opening storage vessels at elevated temperatures due to the mens in an airtight container between tests.
increased volatility of organics and the increased activity of acids and
bases. Care must also be taken to prevent the spilling of hazardous
10.5 The tests to be performed on the geomembrane are
materials and provisions must be made to clean up any accidental spills listed in Sections 11 through 20 for each of the four types of
which do occur. geomembranes addressed by this practice. The tests consist of
required testing to be done on the geomembrane and recom-
8. Sampling mended testing to be performed at the discretion of the user.
8.1 Determine the number and dimensions of the test Conduct recommended tests whenever possible as this data
specimens according to the requirements of the dimensional will aid in the interpretation of the final test results. All the tests
measurements and physical/chemical property tests to be should be completed on the unexposed geomembrane as well
performed, the duration of the immersion, and the number of as on the exposed material after each test period. Test twice as
test intervals. many specimens as listed below on the unexposed material in
8.2 Sample in accordance with the respective test methods order to increase precision of baseline data.
selected. 10.6 Testing (except the extractables test) of the material
8.3 Cut the geomembrane coupons so that they are repre- exposed to the leachate must be done within 24 h of removal
sentative of the geomembrane being evaluated. Discard cou- from the test solution.
pons that contain scratches or other imperfections that might
affect the test results. 11. Required Testing, All Geomembranes
NOTE 4—Since rate of leachate absorption is a function of thickness 11.1 Weight Change—After each period, remove three pre-
and can have an impact on the test results, the geomembrane coupons weighed pieces of geomembrane from the liquid, quickly blot
should be as close in thickness as possible. dry with water-absorbent, lint-free paper towels any visible
liquid or solid residue on the specimen surface, and weigh to
8.4 Mix the selected coupons in a random fashion and then
the nearest 0.001 g. Calculate the percent weight change to the
re-select coupons for the immersion and baseline testing.
nearest 0.1 %.
8.5 Cut individual test specimens for thickness, weight, and
volatile loss measurements. Specimens may be of any size for NOTE 6—Extra care should be taken to completely dry textured
which accurate and repeatable measurements can be made. Cut surfaces to avoid an apparent increase in weight caused by residual surface
specimens from sheet stock using a die to ensure consistency of moisture.
dimensions. 11.2 Dimension Changes—Measure thickness as directed in
2 2
NOTE 5—Circular specimens 7.98 cm (3.14 in. ) have been found to be Test Methods D 751, D 638, or D 5199 to the nearest 0.0025
satisfactory for thickness, weight, and volatile loss measurements. The mm (0.0001 in.) at three locations near the center of the pieces
same individual specimen may be used for thickness, weight, and volatile of geomembrane used for weight changes before and after
loss measurements if desired. immersion. Measure length and width (machine and transverse
directions) at two locations on the sheets of geomembrane used
9. Conditioning for the physical testing before and after immersion. Calculate
9.1 Conditioning—Condition samples at 21 6 2°C (70 6 percent changes to the nearest 0.1 %.
4°F) and a relative humidity between 50 and 70 % for not less 11.3 Volatile Loss—Dry the pieces of geomembrane from
than 40 h prior to weighing or baseline testing and immersion, the weight changes at 105 6 2°C for 24 h and then weigh to the
or combination thereof. nearest 0.001 g. Calculate the percent volatiles to the nearest
0.1 %.
10. Procedure 11.4 Visual Observations—Describe the samples before and
10.1 Immerse the geomembrane in the test solution as after immersion. Visual appearance can help in the interpreta-
specified in Practice D 5322 or Practice D 5496, or both. tion of the data and may explain anomalous test results.
10.2 Immerse a sufficient number of coupons to perform the Appearance items to be considered may include change from
required testing for each of the immersion periods. original color, including any mottling; change in surface gloss;

3
NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or discontinued.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information.
D 5747
change in surface roughness; curling, swelling, or other change 13.6 Oxidative Induction Time—Use Test Method D 3895,
at the edges of the specimen; scratch, scoring, fracture initia- an aluminum pan, and an oxygen environment at one atmo-
tion, or splitting of specimen into separate parts; and gross sphere of pressure.
specimen changes such as wrinkling, ovalization, or noticeable 13.7 Hydrostatic Resistance—Use Method A, Procedure 1
curling. of Test Method D 751 and test five specimens.
12. Required Testing, Group 1, Geomembranes
14. Required Testing, Group 2 Geomembranes
(NonReinforced)
(NonReinforced)
12.1 Group 1 geomembranes include, but are not necessar-
14.1 Group 2 geomembranes include, but are not necessar-
ily limited to: polypropylene, high-density polyethylene, very
ily limited to: polyvinyl chloride (PVC).
low-density polyethylene, and linear low-density polyethylene.
14.2 Tensile Properties—Use Test Methods D 882 and a
12.2 Tensile Properties—Use Test Method D 638, Type IV
rate of grip separation of 500 mm (20 in.)/min. Test five
specimens and a rate of grip separation of 50 mm (2 in.)/ min.
specimens in each of the machine and transverse directions.
Highly extendable geomembranes such as VLDPE should use
Report strain at break, stress at 100 % elongation, stress at
a rate of grip separation of 500 mm (20 in.)/min. Test five
200 % elongation, and stress at break.
specimens in each of the machine and transverse directions.
14.3 Tear Resistance—Use Test Method D 1004, a rate of
Determine strain at yield, strain at break, stress at yield, and
grip separation of 50 mm (2 in.)/min and test five specimens in
stress at break. For materials without a pronounced yield point
each direction. Report tear resistance in N/mm thickness (or
determine stress at 100 % elongation and stress at 200 %
pounds per inch thickness).
elongation.
14.4 Puncture Resistance—Use Test Method D 4833 to test
NOTE 7—Stress and strain at break are subject to more variables than ten specimens. Report puncture resistance in N/mm thickness
the other tensile properties due to the catastrophic nature of the failure. (or pounds per inch thickness).
Since the standard deviations are higher for the break values, changes in
14.5 Hardness—Use Test Method D 2240, Type A Durom-
those values should be considered with less importance than the other
tensile values. eter and test five specimens.
14.6 Extractables Content—Use Appendix E of EPA/600/
12.3 Tear Resistance—Use Test Method D 1004, a rate of 2-88/052.
grip separation of 50 mm (2 in.)/min and test five specimens in
each direction. Report tear resistance in N/mm thickness (or 15. Recommended Testing, Group 2 Geomembranes
pounds per inch thickness). (Non-Reinforced)
12.4 Puncture Resistance—Use Test Method D 4833 to test
ten specimens. Report puncture resistance in N/mm thickness 15.1 Seam Peel Adhesion—Use Practices D 4437 or D 4545
(or pounds per inch thickness). and test five specimens.
12.5 2 % Secant Modulus—Use Practice D 5323 to test five 15.2 Bonded Seam Strength—Use Practices D 4437 or
specimens in each direction. D 4545 and test five specimens.
15.3 Hydrostatic Resistance—Use Method A, Procedure 1
NOTE 8—Secant modulus is subject to more variables than the other of Test Method D 751 and test five specimens.
properties due to operator interpretation of the linear portion of the
stress/strain curve. Since variability is high, changes in secant modulus
16. Required Testing, Group 3 Geomembranes
should be considered with less importance than the other tensile proper-
ties. (NonReinforced)
12.6 Hardness—Use Test Method D 2240, Type D Durom- 16.1 Group 3 geomembranes include but are not necessarily
eter and test five specimens. limited to: ethylene propylene diene monomer (EPDM), butyl
12.7 Extractables Content—Use the procedure in Appendix rubber, and polychloroprene (neoprene).
E of EPA/600/2-88/052. 16.2 Tensile Properties—Use Test Methods D 412, Die C
12.8 Density—Use Test Method D 1505 and test three specimens and a rate of grip separation of 500 mm (20 in.)/min.
specimens. Test five specimens in each of the machine and transverse
directions. Report strain at break, stress at 100 % elongation,
13. Recommended Testing, Group 1 Geomembranes stress at 200 % elongation, stress at break, and tensile set after
(Non-Reinforced) break.
13.1 Seam Peel Adhesion—Use Practices D 4437 or D 4545 16.3 Tear Resistance—Use Test Method D 624, a rate of
and test five specimens. grip separation of 500 mm (20 in.)/min and test five specimens
13.2 Bonded Seam Strength—Use Practices D 4437 or in each direction. Report tear resistance in N/mm thickness (or
D 4545 and test five specimens. pounds per inch thickness).
13.3 Notched Constant Tensile Load—Use Test Method 16.4 Puncture Resistance—Use Test Method D 4833 to test
D 5397 (single point at 30 % of room temperature stress at ten specimens. Report puncture resistance in N/mm thickness
yield) and test five transverse direction specimens. (or pounds per inch thickness).
13.4 Melting Point—Use Test Method D 3418 or E 794 to 16.5 Hardness—Use Test Method D 2240, Type A Durom-
obtain melting point. eter and test five specimens.
13.5 Percent Crystallinity—Use Test Methods D 3417 or 16.6 Extractables Content—Use Appendix E of EPA/600/
E 793 to derive the percent crystallinity. 2-88/052 and test three specimens.

4
NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or discontinued.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information.
D 5747
17. Recommended Testing, Group 3 Geomembranes 19.3 Hardness—Use Test Method D 2240, Type A durom-
(Non-Reinforced) eter and test five specimens.
17.1 Seam Peel Adhesion—Use Practices D 4437 or D 4545 19.4 Extractables Content—Use Appendix E of EPA/600/
and test five specimens. 2-88/052.
17.2 Bonded Seam Strength—Use Practices D 4437 or 19.5 Ply Adhesion—Use Test Method D 413, Type A, 180°
D 4545 and test five specimens. peel tests. Test five specimens in each direction.
17.3 Hydrostatic Resistance—Use Method A, Procedure 1
of Test Method D 751 and test five specimens. 20. Recommended Testing, Group 4 Geomembranes
(Fabric Reinforced)
18. Flood Coating, Group 4 Geomembranes (Fabric
Reinforced) 20.1 Seam Peel Adhesion—Use Practices D 4437 or D 4545
and test five specimens.
18.1 Group 4 geomembranes (fabric reinforced) include but
20.2 Bonded Seam Strength—Use Method A of Test Method
are not necessarily limited to: chlorinated polyethylene (CPE),
D 751, as modified in Part 3 Annex, NSF Standard 54 and test
chlorosulfonated polyethylene (CSPE), and ethylene interpoly-
five specimens.
mer alloy (EIA).
18.2 Flood coating the edges of the immersed sheets is 20.3 Tear Resistance—Use Test Method D 751, Tongue
recommended for materials where the reinforcement is not Tear, as modified in Part 6 Annex, National Sanitation Foun-
designed to be in contact with the test fluid in an actual dation Standard 54 and test five specimens in each direction.
containment facility. Geomembranes containing a reinforcing 20.4 Melting Point—Use Test Method D 3418 or Test
fabric that is intended to be exposed in a containment facility Method E 794 to obtain melting point if the polymer exhibits a
must not be flood coated. crystalline melting point.
18.3 When flood coating is to be employed, an appropriate 20.5 Hydrostatic Resistance—Use Method A, Procedure 1
adhesive must be used. The adhesive used for field seaming or of Test Method D 751 and test five specimens.
an adhesive with chemical resistance equal to the geomem-
brane would be considered appropriate. Use a solvent adhesive 21. Report
containing the same polymer as the geomembrane when 21.1 Report the following information:
possible. 21.1.1 State that the immersion was performed as directed
18.4 After flood coating, allow the samples to cure in air for in Practices D 5322 or D 5496,
24 h at standard laboratory conditions followed by curing in an
21.1.2 Describe the material or product tested and the
air circulating oven at 30°C for 48 h. Then acclimate the
condition the material was in prior to the immersion (for
geomembrane at standard laboratory conditions for at least 40
example, any imperfections such as scratches),
h prior to weighing and immersion.
21.1.3 Describe the method used to sample the product for
19. Required Testing, Group 4 Geomembranes (Fabric the immersion procedure,
Reinforced) 21.1.4 Report which test procedures, and any deviations
19.1 Tensile Properties—Use Test Method D 751, a 25.4- from the procedures, that were used for evaluating the
mm (1.0-in.) wide strip tensile, a rate of grip separation of 305 geomembrane,
mm (12 in.)/min to test five specimens in each direction. 21.1.5 Report all raw data, averages, and standard devia-
Report strain at fabric break, strain at polymer break, stress at tions,
fabric break, and stress at polymer break. 21.1.6 Report the percent changes from the original unex-
19.1.1 The orientation of the scrim fabric reinforcement is posed test values for the exposed materials,
very important to the outcome of the strip tensile test. If the 21.1.7 Plot the test results against the time of immersion,
threads of the scrim fabric reinforcement are not parallel to the and
specimen or are not straight, the threads which run in the test
direction will be cut and low tensile values may be obtained. NOTE 10—It is suggested that error bars, range indicators, or similar
means to illustrate observed experimental variability be used.
NOTE 9—Since straight rectangular specimens (as opposed to dumbbell
specimens) are being used, caution must be used in the gripping of the 21.1.8 Evaluation or interpretation is beyond the scope of
specimens to avoid failure at the grip faces. this practice and intended to be done by an appropriate expert.
19.2 Bursting Strength—Use Test Method D 751, a 25.4-
mm (1.0-in.) diameter polished steel ball or FTMS 101C, 22. Keywords
Method 2031 and test five specimens. 22.1 chemical resistance; geomembrane; liquid wastes

5
NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or discontinued.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information.
D 5747
APPENDIXES

(Nonmandatory Information)

X1. TEST SUMMARY

X1.1 Table X1.1 summarizes the testing program outlined

in this practice.A indicates required testing.

TABLE X1.1 Test Summary

Material Property Group 1 Group 2 Group 3 Group 4
Thickness Test Method D 638 or Test Test Method D 751 or Test Test Method D 751 or Test Test Method D 751 or Test
Method D 5199A Method D 5199A Method D 5199A Method D 5199A
Weight EPA/600/2-88/052A EPA/600/2-88/052A EPA/600/2-88/052A EPA/600/2-88/052A
Length and Width EPA/600/2-88/052A EPA/600/2-88/052A EPA/600/2-88/052A EPA/600/2-88/052A
Volatile Loss EPA/600/2-88/052 Appendix GA EPA/600/2-88/052 Appendix GA EPA/600/2-88/052 Appendix GA EPA/600/2-88/052 Appendix GA
Tensile Test Method D 638A Test Methods D 882A Test Method D 412A Test Method D 751A
Tear Test Method D 1004A Test Method D 1004A Test Method D 624A Test Method D 751 NSF
ModifiedA
Puncture/Burst Test Method D 4833A Test Method D 4833A Test Method D 4833A Test Method D 751 or FTMS
101C, 2031A
2 % Secant Modulus Practice D 5323A ... ... ...
Hardness Test Method D 2240 Test Method D 2240A Test Method D 2240A Test Method D 2240A
Hydrostatic Resistance Test Method D 751 Method A Test Method D 751 Method A Test Method D 751 Method A Test Method D 751 Method A
Procedure 1 Procedure 1 Procedure 1 Procedure 1
Seam Peel Adhesion Practice D 4437 or Practice Practice D 4437 or Practice Practice D 4437 or Practice Practice D 4437 or Practice
D 4545 D 4545 D 4545 D 4545
Bonded Seam Strength Practice D 4437 or Practice Practice D 4437 or Practice Practice D 4437 or Practice Test Method D 751 NSF Modified
D 4545 D 4545 D 4545
Notched Constant Test Method D 5397 (single ... ... ...
Tensile Load point)
Extractables Content EPA/600/2-88/052 Appendix EA EPA/600/2-88/052 Appendix EA EPA/600/2-88/052 Appendix EA EPA/600/2-88/052 Appendix EA
Melting Point Test Method D 3418 or Test Test Method D 3418 or Test ... Test Method D 3418 or Test
Method E 794 Method E 794 Method E 794
Percent Crystallinity Test Method D 3417 or Test ... ... Test Method D 3417 or Test
Method E 793 Method E 793
Oxidative Induction Time Test Method D 3895 ... ... ...
Ply Adhesion ... ... ... Test Method D 413 Method A
Density Test Method D 1505 ... ... ...
A
Indicated required testing (all other tests are recommended).

X2. COMMENTARY

X2.1 This practice is intended to provide a standardized resistance testing of geomembranes. This practice addresses
procedure for conducting chemical resistance tests for additional test methods applicable to geomembranes, and it
geomembranes. The term “chemical compatibility” has also should be used together with Practice D 5322 and Test Method
been used to describe such tests. The need for this practice was D 5496 that defines immersion procedures for geosynthetics in
established by ASTM Subcommittee D35.02 with the objective waste fluids.
to provide a group of related standards for defining test
procedure specifications for chemical resistance studies cover- X2.3 Evaluation or interpretation is beyond the scope of
ing various kinds of geosynthetics. The purpose of such testing this practice and should be conducted by the owner or his
is to assess the effects of immersion in waste fluids on agent, or an appropriate expert. In general, the facility owner,
geosynthetic materials and products which will contact the designer, or geosynthetics user is responsible for defining
fluids in a waste containment facility. Such testing may be chemical resistance criteria. Such criteria are generally consid-
performed as part of the design or regulatory review process.
ered to be site- and application-specific.
X2.2 EPA Method 9090 (EPA/600/2-88/052) has been
widely used as a reference describing procedures for chemical

6
NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or discontinued.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information.
D 5747
The American Society for Testing and Materials takes no position respecting the validity of any patent rights asserted in connection
with any item mentioned in this standard. Users of this standard are expressly advised that determination of the validity of any such
patent rights, and the risk of infringement of such rights, are entirely their own responsibility.

This standard is subject to revision at any time by the responsible technical committee and must be reviewed every five years and
if not revised, either reapproved or withdrawn. Your comments are invited either for revision of this standard or for additional standards
and should be addressed to ASTM Headquarters. Your comments will receive careful consideration at a meeting of the responsible
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views known to the ASTM Committee on Standards, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, West Conshohocken, PA 19428.