The Three Areas of Diass

THE THREE
AREAS OF
DIASS
• Communication • Counseling
• Social Work
Communication
■ A fundamental human
aspect;
■ Inescapable;
■ Primary tool for
navigating the world;
Why focus on
Communication?
■ Touches all aspects of

human life; ■
Employability;
■ Relationships;
■ Health;
Communication
Defined
■ The process of acting
on information;
■ Human Communication
– making sense out of
the world and sharing
that sense with others by
creating meaning through
the use of verbal and
nonverbal messages
Making and sharing

sense;
Creating meaning;
■ Verbal and
nonverbal;
Communication
Competence
■ Message should be
understood;
■ Should achieve its
intended effect; ■ Should
be ethical;
Characteristics of
Communication
■ Inescapable;
■ Irreversible;
■ Complicated – 6 Individuals
involved;
– Who you think you are;
– Who you think the other person

is;
– Who the other person thinks you

are;
– Who the other person thinks he

or she is;
– Who you think the other person

thinks you are;
– Who the other person thinks you

think he or she is;
Characteristics of
Communication ■
Emphasizes content and
relationships;
hat is said; the

– Content – w
information to be conveyed
–
Relationships–nonverbalcues;emo
tions,attitudes, power; how
information is conveyed
■ Governed by rules;
Communication
Principles
■
One: Be aware of your

communication with yourself and
others.
Two:Effectivelyuseandinterpretverbal
messages.
■
Three:Effectivelyuseandinterpretnonv
erbalmessages.
Four:Listenandrespondthoughtfully
toothers.
Five:Appropriatelyadaptmessagesto
others.
AVNLA–Aware,Verbal,Nonverbal,List
en&Respond,Adapt
Communication
Processes and Skills
■ Compassionate Critical Listening
– An approach to experiences; a
stance
–
Meaningfullyenhancesinteractions;
– Double articulation – given
conditions and structures
■ Public Advocacy – listening to
learn
Communication
■ Groups and Alliances in
Culture
– Formation, Storming,
Normalization, Performance,
Adjournment
– RelevantConstructs;
– Facts and Practices;

– Rites and Rituals;
■ Public Advocacy: Alliance

building - Willingness to
engage with others;
Willingness to admit
ignorance; Asking questions
and questioning assumptions;
Listening; Open-mindedness;
Dialogues; Acceptance.
Communication
■ Identity and Perception
– AsSocialConstruction; ■
Symbolic Interactionism; ■
ImpressionManagement;
– AsCulturalLocation
■ Positionalities; Mythical norms; ■
Standpoint theory; relationality
– AsPerformance
■
Performativity–Dress;Vocalandverbalc
ommunication;
Gestures; Professionalism; Role of

power;
■ Public Advocacy: Perception

and Audience Analysis
Communication
■ Language and Culture
– Semiotics – structure and

symbols of language;
– Post-semiotic?
– As constitutive – Ideology

and Everyday Speech
– Sapir-Whorf Hypothesis –
language & reality
– Speech Act Theory and

Performativity – words
creating worlds
■ Public Advocacy – Inclusive

Language
Communication
Contexts
■ Embodied Knowledge and
Nonverbal Communications
– Body Language – touch; space;

ornamentation; voice; gestures;
intentionality;
■ As Power in Cultural Lives

– Citationality;Politicalcorrectness;
■ Interpersonal Relationships
–
Buildingrelationships,discerningcon
text,and listening
Communication
Contexts ■ Mediated
Culture(s)
– Media in our cultural lives;

media consumption; your
“mediated” self; Resistance;
■ A means of social action

– Discipline; Simulacra;
Difference; Exhaustion,
Cynicism, and Nihilism;
Counseling
■ Progressive Guidance
Movement
■ Emphasizes prevention and
purposefulness
■ Guidance – helping people
make important choices;
“recovery of
■ Psychotherapy –
adequacy”; intrapsychic, internal,
and personal issues and
conflicts.
Counseling
■
A professional relationship
that seeks to empower
diverse individuals, families,
and groups to accomplish
mental health, wellness,
education, and career goals.
■
Individually and/or in groups;
Diverse and multicultural;
A dynamic process;
Current Trends in
the Twenty-First
Century
■
Dealing with violence,

trauma, and crises.
The Challenge of Managed

Care – Third-party
recommendations;
Promoting Wellness –
spirituality; self-direction; work
and leisure; friendship; and
love.
Concern for Social Justice

and Advocacies
Current Trends in
the Twenty-First
Century
■ Greater emphasis on
technology; ■ Leadership;
■ Identity;
Personal and
Professional Aspects
of Counseling
■ Effectiveness of a counselor
depends on:
– Personality and
background of a counselor;
– Formal education of the

counselor;
– Ability of the counselor to

engage in professional
counseling-related activities;
Personality and
Background of the
Counselor
■ Negative Motivators:
– Emotionaldistress;
–
Vicariouscoping(projection);
– Loneliness and isolation;
– A desire for power;
– A need for love;
– Vicariousrebellion;
Personal Qualities of
an Effective
Counselor
■ Curiosity and inquisitiveness; ■
Ability to listen;
■ Comfort with conversation; ■
Empathy and understanding; ■
Emotional insightfulness;
■ Introspection;
Personal Qualities of
an Effective
Counselor
■
Capacity for self-denial;
Tolerance of intimacy;
■
Comfort with power;
Ability to Laugh;
Intellectual Competence;
Energy;
Flexibility;
Support;
■
Goodwill
Self-awareness
Ethics and
Counseling
■ Unethical Behavior:
– Violation of confidentiality
– Exceeding one’s level of

professional competence
– Negligent practice
– Claiming expertise one does not
possess
– Imposing one’s values on a

client
– Creating dependency in a client

Ethics and
Counseling
■ Unethical behaviors
(continuation):
– Sexual activity with a client
– Certain conflicts of interest
–
Questionablefinancialarrangem
ents
– Improper advertising
– Plagiarism
Ethics and
Counseling
■ Comprehensively covered in
ethical codes such as the
American Counseling
Association (ACA) Code of
Ethics
Counseling in
Different Contexts
■ In a Multicultural Society
■ Aging Populations
■ Gender-based Counseling
■ Counseling and Sexual
Orientation ■ Counseling
and Spirituality
Social Work and its
Knowledge Bases
■ Requires a comprehensive
understanding of the following:
– ValuesandEthics
– Law (c/o CESC)

– Politics and Social Policy
– Sociology
– Material circumstances,
poverty, and income
inequality
Social Work and its
Knowledge Bases
– Psychologicalapproaches
– Human growth and

development
– Communication and ICT

– Research and development
in Social Work and Social
Care
– Reflective Practice
Social Work: Values
and Ethics ■ Ethical Virtues
– character traits which you value;
■
EthicalValues–conceptswhichyouper
sonallyvalue;
fundamental moral
– Principles –
requirements
– Rules – s pecific moral

requirements
■ EthicalTheory
– Consequentialist –
“Outcomes-based”
– Deontological – regardless of
outcomes; intrinsic characteristics
that make an act good or bad;
fundamental requirements;
– Virtue theorists; Ethics of “care”

Social Work Values ■
Traditional
– Principle of respect for persons

■ Whatconstitutesaperson?
■ What constitutes respect?
■ Empathy
– Individualization
– Principle of self-determination
– Confidentiality
Social Work Values
■ Modern, Emancipatory Social
Work Values
– Emphasis on social factors

such as gender, age,
ethnicity, class, etc.
– Discrimination
– Free people from
oppression
– Empowerment
– Advocacy, Participation,
and Partnership
Social Justice,
Equality and Diversity
■
Challengingsocialconditionsthatcontribute
tosocialexclusion, stigmatization, or
subjugation to achieve a more inclusive
society
■ Justice and its two facets
– Legal/Criminal Justice –
rehabilitative vs punitive
– Social Justice – distributive and
equitable; Heywood’s concept of
politics;
■ Class
■ SOGIE ■ Race
■ Religion
Ethical Codes and
Accountability
■
Codes of Practice, like in the UK
Obligations and responsibilities;
– Protect the rights and promote the

interests of service users and carers;
– Strive to establish and maintain the
trust and confidence of service users
and carers;
– Promote the independence of

service users while protecting them as
far as possible from danger or harm;
– Respect the rights of service users

whilst seeking to ensure that their
behavior does not harm themselves
or other people;
– Uphold public trust and confidence

in social services;
– Be accountable for the quality of

their work and take responsibility for
maintaining and improving their
knowledge and skills.
■
Ethical Dilemmas ■
Canandwillarise;
■
Doprinciplestrumpcircumstance,orshouldt
herebemore leeway in addressing
individual cases?
■ Which principles and values should

hold more weight?
– Child’s rights vs Parent’s rights?
– Ethical considerations are equally

balanced?
– Multiple choices and possibilities to

address issues;
Politics and Social
Policy ■ Welfare(?)
■ Politics’ effect on social work;
– Policies decide the

existence and extent of social
work in any given context;
– This can occur both at the

national and local levels;
Reflective Practice
■
The next step from reflexive introspection;
Taking into account your own practice,

methods, as well as the experiences and
people you encounter;
– Knowing-in-action – knowledge you

have about yourselves; revealed
through actions;
– Reflection-in-action – sudden
dilemmas; existential questions and
concerns; Brought about by
knowing-in-action;
– Reflection-on-action –
introspection;
■
Reflective Practice
■ Kolb’sExperientialLearningCycle –
Concrete Experience
Reflective Observation
Abstract Conceptualization
Active Experimentation
Honey and Mumford’s Learning Style

Questionnaire
■
Reflective Writing
Gibb’s Reflective Cycle
Critical Incident Analysis
Learning Logs/Reflective Journals

Social Work in
Practice
■ ASSESSMENT
■ INTERVENTIONS
– Models of Interventions
– In Practice

The Three Areas of Diass

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THE THREE

■ Touches all aspects of

Making and sharing

– ​Who you think you are;

– ​Who you think the other person

– ​Who the other person thinks you

– ​Who the other person thinks he

– ​Who you think the other person

– ​Who the other person thinks you

​ hat is said; the

One: Be ​aware ​of your

– ​Facts and Practices;

■ ​Public Advocacy: ​Alliance

Gestures; Professionalism; Role of

■ Public Advocacy: Perception

– ​Semiotics – structure and

– ​As constitutive – Ideology

– ​Speech Act Theory and

■ Public Advocacy – Inclusive

– ​Body Language – ​touch; space;

■ As Power in Cultural Lives

– ​Media in our cultural lives;

■ A means of social action

Individually and/or in groups;

Diverse and multicultural;

Dealing with ​violence,

The Challenge of Managed

Concern for Social Justice

– ​Formal education of the

– ​Ability of the counselor to

– ​A desire for power;

– ​A need for love;

Capacity for self-denial;

– ​Exceeding one’s level of

– ​Imposing one’s values on a

– ​Creating dependency in a client

– ​Sexual activity with a client

– ​Certain conflicts of interest

– ​Law (c/o CESC)

– ​Human growth and

– ​Communication and ICT

– ​Rules – s​ pecific moral

– Virtue theorists; Ethics of “care”

– ​Principle of respect for persons

– ​Emphasis on social factors

■ Justice and its two facets

Codes of Practice, like in the UK

Obligations and responsibilities;

– ​Protect the rights and promote the

– ​Promote the independence of

– ​Respect the rights of service users

– ​Uphold public trust and confidence

– ​Be accountable for the quality of

■ Which principles and values should

– ​Ethical considerations are equally

– ​Multiple choices and possibilities to

– ​Policies decide the

work in any given context;

– ​This can occur both at the

– Who you think you are;

– Who you think the other person

– Who the other person thinks you

– Who the other person thinks he

– Who you think the other person

– Who the other person thinks you

hat is said; the

One: Be aware of your

– Facts and Practices;

■ Public Advocacy: Alliance

– Semiotics – structure and

– As constitutive – Ideology

– Speech Act Theory and

– Body Language – touch; space;

– Media in our cultural lives;

Dealing with violence,

– Formal education of the

– Ability of the counselor to

– A desire for power;

– A need for love;

– Exceeding one’s level of

– Imposing one’s values on a

– Creating dependency in a client

– Sexual activity with a client

– Certain conflicts of interest

– Law (c/o CESC)

– Human growth and

– Communication and ICT

– Rules – s pecific moral

– Principle of respect for persons

– Emphasis on social factors

– Protect the rights and promote the

– Promote the independence of

– Respect the rights of service users

– Uphold public trust and confidence

– Be accountable for the quality of

– Ethical considerations are equally

– Multiple choices and possibilities to

– Policies decide the

– This can occur both at the

– Knowing-in-action – knowledge you