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Basic Electronics Lab Project Report

The document summarizes a density-based dynamic traffic signal system using Arduino and IR sensors. It uses IR sensors at each junction to detect vehicle density on the roads. When density is higher on one road, the traffic light for that road will remain green longer. It gives highest priority to ambulances by immediately changing the traffic light to green on the lane an ambulance is detected on. The system was tested successfully and able to dynamically adjust traffic light times based on real-time vehicle density readings from the IR sensors at each junction.

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Mohsin Bashir
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89 views

Basic Electronics Lab Project Report

The document summarizes a density-based dynamic traffic signal system using Arduino and IR sensors. It uses IR sensors at each junction to detect vehicle density on the roads. When density is higher on one road, the traffic light for that road will remain green longer. It gives highest priority to ambulances by immediately changing the traffic light to green on the lane an ambulance is detected on. The system was tested successfully and able to dynamically adjust traffic light times based on real-time vehicle density readings from the IR sensors at each junction.

Uploaded by

Mohsin Bashir
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Density Based Traffic Signal System using Arduino and IR Sensor

Code
Muhammad Saad1, Mohsin Bashir2, Daim Ejaz3
Department of Mechanical Engineering (SMME), National University of Sciences & Technology (NUST),
Islamabad 44000, Pakistan
Email: saadfaruikh786@gmail.com, yesboss511@gmail.com,
daimejaz001@gmail.com

Abstract Introduction
The project is based on designing a density based The main purpose of introducing this
dynamic traffic signal system. As the number of smart traffic system is that if for every
road user’s increase constantly and current minute the vehicles at the standard
resources & infrastructures being limited; a smart junction are dense then traffic lights shall
traffic control will become a very important issue in be changed to each side for some fixed
the future. These needs have led to an ever- time. Even though there are no vehicles at
increasing demand for an “intelligent” traffic side, the traffic signals will glow for a
control system. Therefore, optimization of traffic given fixed time. Due to that there is time
control to better accommodate this increasing wastage & vehicles on the other side must
demand is needed. Our project will demonstrate the wait for the time to complete the process.
optimization of traffic control in a city using So, to reduce the wastage of time, we can
wireless sensors. Traffic control optimization is a implement the system that controls the
tough problem. With multiple junctions, the traffic based on the heavy flow of vehicles
complexity increases as the state of one light node at any side. With this system, we shall
influences the flow of traffic towards many other count the number of vehicles at each side
nodes. Sometimes higher traffic density at one side at the junction and give path to the side
of the junction demands longer green time as which has denser traffic and keeping the
compared to standard allotted time We, therefore other sides stopped.
propose here a Mechanism in which the time period
of green light and red light is assigned on the basis The prototype in this project is a four-
of the density of the traffic present at that time. This junction setup; an infrared transducer is
is achieved by using Infrared sensors. Once the placed at each junction nodes. The relative
density is calculated, the glowing time of green light reflection frequency of IR causes the
is assigned by the help of the Microcontroller micro controller to act whenever a
(Arduino). The sensors which are present on sides considerable amount of the vehicles
of the road will detect the presence of the vehicles deposited at the respective nodes. The
and sends the information to the microcontroller micro controller sends the abrupt timing
where it will decide how long a flank will be open signals to the traffic lights based on the
or when to change over the signal lights. varying densities of the vehicles.

Key words: Arduino, Traffic density, IR sensors,


Sound sensors, Proteus, Time delay, automated HARDWARE:
control, LED lights, Ambulance, Microcontroller. 1. 4 Proximity Infrared sensors
2. 4 Red, Yellow & Green LED lights
3. Sound sensor
4. Polystyrene Base
5. Arduino UNO
6. Resistors
1
7. Breadboard (for proper functioning of
circuit)
8. Connecting Wires

The Arduino Uno is an open-source


microcontroller board based on the Microchip
ATmega328P microcontroller and developed
by Arduino.cc
The board is equipped with sets of
Digital and analog input/output (I/O) pins that
may be interfaced to various
expansion boards (shields) and other circuits.
The board has 14
digital I/O pins (six capable of PWM output), 6
analog I/O pins,
and is programmable with the Arduino IDE
(Integrated
Development Environment), via a type B USB Results and Discussion
cable. It can be Results include the successful operation of the
powered by the USB cable or by an external 9- traffic control and monitoring system. The system
volt battery, contains four IR transducers for traffic density
though it accepts voltages between 7 and 20 measurement which are mounted on the one side of
volts. roads respectively. The IR system gets activated
whenever any vehicle passes on road in front of IR
sensors. Each IR sensor would measure the density
of traffic in its lane. If one lane carries more traffic
than others than the ON time for that signal will be
high depending on the density. Then the others will
be ON for the standard time, assuming density is
normal. This sequence is violated only when the
sound of an ambulance is sensed by the sound
sensor, as it is given the highest priority.
Microcontroller controls the IR system and counts
number of vehicles passing on road. Based on
different vehicles count or presence of ambulance,
the microcontroller takes decision and updates the
PROTEUS CIRCUIT: traffic light delays as a result.
This is the complete circuit diagram of the Case 1:
system. Each lane has IR sensor, which is In this case the density is highest on the road 1 due
numbered according to the road they are to the presence of object on road 1. The higher
sensing. Same is the case with LED lights, density will cause the green light on road 1 will go
green while red light will occur for road 2, road 3 &
which are numbered and connected to digital
road 4.
output pins. The sensors are connected to
Case 2:
analog output pins. Below is the complete In this case density occurs at road 2 resulting in the
circuit with the microcontroller at the center, green light to go green on road 2 and remaining road
which will decide whether the signals are 1, road 3&road 4 has red lights.
operating normally or the dense case is Case 3:
happening. In this case density occurs at road 3 resulting in the
green light to go green on road 3 and red light
2
occurs for road1, road2 & road4 respectively.
Case 4:
In this case density occurs at road 4 resulting in the
green light to go green on road 4 and red light occurs
for road 1, road2& road3 respectively.
Case 5:
In this case, ambulance is detected on any lane,
that lane gets a green signal on a priority basis,
regardless of the traffic control sequence.

Conclusion:
This Arduino based system controls the flow of
traffic flow on the basis of density of traffic on
different lanes. Higher the density, higher the
allowed passing time. The ON time alternates
between lanes in an anti-clockwise way, which is
violated only when the system detects an
ambulance in a lane. Thus, our system gives
highest priority to ambulance and then lane with
high density.

References:
1. Smart traffic signal using ultrasonic sensor
Rahul N. Dhole ; Vishal S. Undre ; Chetan
R. Solanki ; Satish R. Pawale, IEEE.

2. Priority based and secured traffic


management system for emergency
vehicle using IoT; Abdullahi Chowdhury,
IEEE.
3. Simulation of traffic management systems
using Arduino boards;
Gheorghiu Razvan Andrei ; Timnea Radu
Serban ; Stan Valentin
Alexandru ; Buretea Laurentiu Dorin,
IEEE.

4. Efficient dynamic traffic control system


using wireless sensor networks;
R. Bharadwaj ; J. Deepak ; M.
Baranitharan ; V. V. Vaidehi, IEEE.

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