Autocad 2016: Second Stage

AutoCAD 2016 ®
SECOND STAGE
Duhok Polytechnic University

Mr. : Mohammed W. Qudbaddin
Mr : Diyar Abdulla And Mr : Ahmed Abdulkareem
Lecture 2 Auto CAD 2D
LEARNING OBJECTIVES
➢ The X ,Y coordinate system
➢ Line Command
➢ Save PDF Files in AutoCAD (Print)
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➢ The User Coordinate System

In most CAD systems, the world space is defined using a three-dimensional
Cartesian coordinate system. Three mutually perpendicular axes, usually
referred to as the X-, Y-, and Z-axes, define this system. The intersection of the
three coordinate axes forms a point called the origin. Any point in world space
can then be defined as the distance from the origin in the X-, Y- and Z
directions.
The icon near the bottom left corner of the default AutoCAD graphics window
shows the positive X-direction and positive Y-direction of the coordinate system
that is active.
In AutoCAD, the coordinate system that is used to create entities is called the
user coordinate system (UCS). By default, the user coordinate system is
aligned to the world coordinate system (WCS). The world coordinate system
is a coordinate system used by AutoCAD as the basis for defining all objects and
other coordinate systems defined by the users. We can think of the origin of the
world coordinate system as a fixed point being used as a reference for all
measurements. The default orientation of the Z-axis can be considered as
positive values in front of the monitor and negative values inside the monitor.
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Cartesian and Polar Coordinate Systems

In a two-dimensional space, a point can be represented using different
coordinate systems. The point can be located by using a:
Cartesian coordinate system, as X and Y units away from the origin. The
same point can also be located using the
polar coordinate system, The same point can also be located using the
polar coordinate as r and θ units away from the origin.
Cartesian coordinate system Polar coordinate system
For planar geometry, the polar coordinate system is very useful for certain
applications. In the polar coordinate system, points are defined in terms of a
radial distance, r, from the origin and an angle θ between the direction of r and
the positive X axis. The default system for measuring angles in AutoCAD
defines positive angular values as counter-clockwise from the positive X-axis.
Absolute and Relative Coordinates

AutoCAD 2013 also allows us to use absolute and relative coordinates to
quickly construct objects.
Absolute coordinate values are measured from the current coordinate system's
origin point.
Relative coordinate values are specified in relation to previous coordinates.
In AutoCAD 2016, the absolute coordinates and the relative coordinates can be
used in conjunction with the Cartesian and polar coordinate systems. By default,
AutoCAD expects us to enter values in absolute Cartesian coordinates,
distances measured from the current coordinate system's origin point. We can
switch to using the relative coordinates by using the @ symbol. The @ symbol is
used as the relative coordinates specifier, which means that we can specify the
position of a point in relation to the previous point.
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Defining Positions :-
In AutoCAD, there are five methods for specifying the locations of points when
we create planar geometric entities.
1. Interactive method: Use the cursor to select on the screen.
2. Absolute coordinates (Format: X,Y): Type the X and Y coordinates
to locate the point on the current coordinate system relative to the origin.
3. Relative rectangular coordinates (Format: @X,Y): Type the X and
Y coordinates relative to the last point.
4. Relative polar coordinates (Format: @Distance<angle): Type a
distance and angle relative to the last point.
5. Direct Distance entry technique: Specify a second point by first
moving the cursor to indicate direction and then entering a distance.
The X ,Y coordinate system
When you are working with points, X always comes first.
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An example of a practical application

1- Absolute Coordinates :-
Type x , y coordinate when AutoCAD asks for a point.
From point: 1,1

To point: 2,1
To point: 2,2
To point: 1,2
To point: 1,1
2- Relative Coordinates :-
Type @ delta x , delta y when AutoCAD asks for a point.
From point pick point

To point: @1,0
To point: @0,1
To point: @-1,0
To point: @0,-1
3- Polar Coordinates :-
Type @ distance < angle when AutoCAD asks for a point.
From point: pick point

To point:@1<0
To point:@1<90
To point:@1<180
To point:@1<270
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➢ Line :
1. Move the graphics cursor to the first icon
in the Draw panel. This icon is the Line icon.
Note that a brief description of the Line
command appears next to the cursor.
2. Select the icon by clicking once with the

left mouse - button, which will activate the
Line command.
3. In the command prompt area, near the bottom of the AutoCAD drawing
screen, the message “_line Specify first point:” is displayed. AutoCAD expects
us to identify the starting location of a straight line. Move the graphics cursor
inside the graphics window and watch the display of the coordinates of the
graphics cursor at the bottom of the AutoCAD drawing screen. The three
numbers represent the location of the cursor in the X, Y, and Z directions. We
can treat the graphics window as if it was a piece of paper and we are using the
graphics cursor as if it were a pencil with which to draw.
We will create a freehand sketch of a five

point star using the Line command. Do not be
overly concerned with the actual size or
accuracy of your freehand sketch. This
exercise is to give you a feel for the
AutoCAD\ user interface.
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Example : use above method to draw this area .
1. Select the Line command icon in

the Draw toolbar. In the command
prompt area, near the bottom of the
AutoCAD graphics window, the
message “_line Specify first point:” is
displayed. AutoCAD expects us to
identify the starting location of a
straight line.
2. We will locate the starting point of
our design at the origin of the world
coordinate system. Command: _line
Specify first point: 0,0 (Type 0,0 and
press the [ENTER] key once.)
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3. We will create a horizontal line by entering the absolute coordinates of the

second point.
Specify next point or [Undo]: 5.5,0 [ENTER]
5. Move the cursor, which appears as a hand inside the graphics window, near
the center of the drawing window, then push down the left-mouse-button and
drag the display toward the right and top side until we can see the sketched line.
6. Press the [Esc] key to exit the Pan-Real time command. Notice that
AutoCAD goes back to the Line command.
7. We will create a vertical line by using the relative rectangular coordinates

entry method, relative to the last point we specified:
Specify next point or [Close/Undo]: @0,2.5 [ENTER]
11. Create the next line by picking the location, world coordinates (8,2.5), on
the screen.
12. We will next use the relative polar coordinates entry method, relative to the
last point we specified:
Specify next point or [Close/Undo]: @3<90 [ENTER]
(Distance is 3 inches with an angle of 90 degrees.)
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13. Using the relative rectangular coordinates entry method to create the next
line, we can imagine a reference coordinate system aligned at the previous point.
Coordinates are measured along the two reference axes.
Specify next point or [Close/Undo]:@-1.5,1 [ENTER]
(-1.5 and 1 inches are measured relative to the reference point.)
14. Move the cursor directly to the left of the last point and use the direct
distance entry technique by entering 6.5 [ENTER].
15. For the last segment of the sketch, we can use
the Close option to connect back to the starting
point. Inside the graphics window, right-mouse-
click and a popup menu appears on the screen.
Select Close with the left-mouse-button to connect
back to the starting point and end the Line
command.
The result will be:
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Print :
➢ Save PDF Files in AutoCAD

1. Select plot command from Quick access bar or press (Ctrl+P)
2. In the Print/Plot Dialog select the Plotter you would like to use
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9 Name 10
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➢ Homework
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Autocad 2016: Second Stage

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AutoCAD 2016 ®

Duhok Polytechnic University

➢ The X ,Y coordinate system

➢ Save PDF Files in AutoCAD (Print)

➢ The User Coordinate System

Cartesian and Polar Coordinate Systems

Cartesian coordinate system Polar coordinate system

Absolute and Relative Coordinates

The X ,Y coordinate system

When you are working with points, X always comes first.

An example of a practical application

From point: 1,1

From point pick point

From point: pick point

2. Select the icon by clicking once with the

We will create a freehand sketch of a five

Example : use above method to draw this area .

1. Select the Line command icon in

3. We will create a horizontal line by entering the absolute coordinates of the

7. We will create a vertical line by using the relative rectangular coordinates

The result will be:

➢ Save PDF Files in AutoCAD

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