THI: LCIU ANAL)’ST. V O L 40. N O 3 (MAY-JUNE 1949): P. 218-225: b FIGS.

: 2 TABLES

An Integrated Approach to Determine Shale Volume

and Hydrocarbon Potential in Shaly Sands
in the Gulf of Suez
C. M. Hamada’

clays) and “passive” shale (predominantly kaolinite and

ABSTRACT chlorite clays), each of which may be distributed as lami-
nated, dispersed, or structural “shale” (Figure 1 ). Active
One of the most controversial problems in for- shales have significant cation-exchange capacity (CEC)
mation evaluation in the Nubian Sandstone of the while passive shales have essentially zero, or only very mi-
Zeit Bay Field, Gulf of Suez, is the shale effect in nor, CEC. Most of the shale-indicating instruments re-
the reservoir rocks. An accurate determination of spond to active shale, whereas only neutron instruments
formation porosity and fluid saturation in shaly respond definitively to passive shale. This means that the
sand is subject to many uncertain parameters. It is latter type of shale is easily mistaken for sand on logs other
necessary to integrate information from several than the neutron. Regional experience is required to deter-
different log responses using various interpreta- mine the mode of shale distribution.
tion models and local knowledge in order to accu- A knowledge of shale volume is necessary to estimate
rately estimate the desired formation properties. porosity from porosity log responses. Using a technique
This note illustrates that a conventional approach that integrates several shale volume and porosity indica-
for handling the problem of shaly sand provides tors, the porosity associated with the shale volume is deter-
accurate values of shale volume from different mined and used to reduce the logging instrument apparent
shale indicator tools and thereafter a reliable effec- porosity response to an effective porosity value.
tive porosity. Hydrocarbon saturation profiles
have been calculated using a laminated shale
model. The validity of petrophysical parameter CLEAN LAMINAR STRUCTURAL DISPERSED
SAW SHALE SHALE SHALE
values estimated by this integrated approach is
confirmed by a comparison with petrophysical
properties measured on core samples collected
from shaly sand sections i n the same wells.

INTRODUCTION
Shale effect on various log responses is determined by
the type, volume, and the mode of distribution. of shale
(Schlumberger, 1987; Saner et al., 1994 ). For the purposes
of this study, I consider two types of shale: “active” shale FIG. 1:Forms of shale classified by mode of distribution.
(comprising predominantly montmorillonite and bentonite (Schlumberger, 1987)

Manuscript reccived by thc Editor February 1998; revised manuscript reccived January 1999.
1
Petrolcum Engineering Department. College of Enginccring. King Saud University. P.O. Box 800. Riyadh I 142 I . Saudi Arabia
Fonnerly of’ Pctroleum Engineering Department. Faculty of Enginccring, Cairo University. Giza. Egypt.
iC8 1999 Society of Professional Well Log Analysts. All rights rcserved.

218 The Log Analyst May-June 1999

 An Integrated Approach to Determine Shale Volume and Hydrocarbon Potential in Shaly Sands in the Gulf of Suez

DETERMINATION OF SHALE VOLUME Gamma Ray Shale Indicator

AND POROSITY
Shale volume derived from the gamma-ray log is
Shale volume in the Zeit Bay Field can be estimated us- (Dresser, 1982)
ing three techniques: the gamma-ray log, the resistivity log,
and the density-neutron log combination. Generally the
three techniques indicate three different shale volumes.
The minimum estimated shale volume from the three tech-
niques is used in the effective porosity estimation. This where IGR= (GR - GRclea,,) 1 (GRshaIe- GRclean)and where
minimizes any errors due to the possible existence of pas- GRcleanis the gamma-ray log response in clean sand,
sive shales and radioactive sands. Figure 2 illustrates the GRshaleis the response in an adjacent shale layer, and GR is
available log data for well 1. the gamma-ray log response at the depth in question. The
presence of radioactive minerals can cause the shale vol-
ume so calculated to be too high, although this tendency is

10000

1000

100
E
:E
c
10
.-ul
In

u 1
a
0-1
11000 11200 11400 11600 llsoo 12000 12200 12100
11100 11300 11500 11700 11900 12100 i n--_-
nn
Depth O f t "
I.-.-.LLs -LLD --MSFL\

FIG. 2: Logging data for well 1

May-June 1999 The Log Analyst 219

 Hamada

reduced by the non-linearity of equation 1. To determine ( 1987) proposed a relation for estimating shale volume
the best shale volume estimate it is thus not possible to de- from resistivity data,
pend only on the gamma ray response; use of independent
shale indicators to validate the gamma-ray response is pru-
dent. Figure 3 includes the gamma-ray log as the first step
in the shale volume estimation in shaly sand evaluation.
where R,f,l,,is the maximum resistivity in clean pay sand. R,
Resistivity Shale Indicator is the shaly sand resistivity value at the depth of interest,
R,, is the resistivity of the adjacent shale layer and b is an
The effectiveness of the resistivity instrument response empirical constant. For the reservoir rocks studied, b was
as a shale indicator depends on the contrast between the re- taken as equal to 1.4 based on local experience. Depending
sistivity response in shale and in a clean pay sand. Fertl on the porosity, lithology, and water salinity (the average
value in the studied wells is 220,000 ppni NaCl equiva-
lent), different resistivity contrasts are normally seen
throughout the wells. This means that the calculated shale
volume from the resistivity method may be too high, too
low, or about right. Wells 1 and 2 were considered together
Input : Resistivity when selecting the values of R,f,,, and of Rrh.
-
Neutron Density logs...

+ Option ( N o ) The Neutron-Density Shale Indicator

+ Option (No) The neutron-density crossplot can be used to determine
shale volume and effective porosity i n a zone comprising
Option ( N o ) only active shales and sands. The presence of passive
shales or other reservoir rocks will result in too high an es-
timated shale volume, resulting in an underestimation of
effective porosity. Shale volume VslIand effective porosity
4 d 8, 4 n corrected from Shr
are calculated from the simultaneous solution of
II
@k.

@ ~ I c i r = @ P -k V d ~. @ d w J ~ , (3)
and
I 1g d 8 4-cnerroc
4
I $JflL~Jif = @c + VdJ ’ @n~ri,s,l (4)
Solve + d & + n Eqs. for g e &Vsh where and $ J l l e l i l are porosities calculated by the respec-
Ye5
tive tools assuming values of shale-free lithology for the
1 + d & o n corrected from Shr
matrix terms; @lfc,lsl, and @,I,,l,ISh are the porosities assuming
4
+ d & g n corrected from Vsh 100% shale i n the matrix values. Clearly, like the other
+
1 +e = +d++h 12
methods, the calculated shale volume can either be either
erroneously low or high, depending on the matrix values
ye5 4 chosen.
Yes 4 In hydrocarbon bearing shaly sand formations, the prob-
Solve Indonesea Eq. l o r Sw lem is further complicated by the effect of residual hydro-
carbon on the porosity logs. Therefore, the log porosities
Optlon (No) -I @~,c.,r and @ l I c I , , in equations ( 3 ) and (4) must also be cor-
rected for the effect of residual hydrocarbon.
Hydrocarbon effects on the density log are accounted
for using (Schlumberger, 1967).
Moved HC :: + e ( S x o - Sw)
@<fell =

FIG.3: Flow chart of the used technique to evaluate shaly

sand.

220 The Log Analyst May-June 1999

 An Integrated Approach to Determine Shale Volume and Hydrocarbon Potential in Shaly Sands in the Gulf of Suez

where plnais the matrix density (g/cm3),P b is the density ture of the reservoir is indicated by these shale distribution
log reading (g/cm3),phis the hydrocarbon density (g/cm3), curves.
Rlnfis the mud filtrate resistivity (ohm-m) and R,, is the Figure 4 shows the resulting porosity distribution for
flushed zone resistivity reading (ohm-m). wells 1 and 2, together with the final selected shale vol-
Hydrocarbon effects on the neutron log are accounted umes. In this particular case a simple average of the neu-
for using (Dresser, 1982) tron and density porosities [corrected for shale and
hydrocarbon by equations (3) through (6)], is adequate.
@nmt = This is illustrated by Figure 4.
,
I @netrt,app , (6) DETERMINATION OF WATER SATURATION
( ( ~ - s , , . ) [ P , / . ( ~ - P ) . P ~- ,0 . 3 ] / p , , f ( l - ~ ) }
All shaly sand corrections tend to reduce water satura-
tion estimates relative to those which would be estimated
where pmfis the mud filtrate density (g/cm3),P is the mud ignoring the shale effect. Over the years, a large number of
filtrate salinity (1O-6ppm NaCl equiv.) and @ne,,fapp is the models relating fluid saturation to resistivity have been de-
apparent neutron porosity response of the logging instru- veloped for shaly sands according to the mode of occur-
ment. Sh! is the saturation of hydrocarbon in the flushed rence of the shale (i.e., laminated, dispersed, or structural).
zone and is estimated for input into this equation. These models each exhibit a shale term and a sand term.
The minimum shale volume from these three methods is The shale term may or may not be independent of the sand
selected at each depth level. Figure 4 shows shale distribu- term (Worthington, 1985). Of course, all the models reduce
tion profiles for wells 1 and 2. In determining effective po- to the limiting clean sand model when the shale volume is
rosity in shaly sand, the characteristics of the shale and insignificant. Thus for small shale volumes, all shale mod-
shale volume must be known. The strongly laminated na- els should yield quite similar results (Simandoux, 1963;
Waxman and Smits, 1968; Poupon and Leveaux, 1971;
Clavier et al., 1977; Bussian, 1984; Schlumberger, 1987).
Porosity L Sand and Shale ‘1.
Local experience in the Gulf of Suez for wells 1 and 2
0 0 0 0 0 0
o a N L i C b & b & . 5
0 0 0 0 - suggested shale distributed in laminations. The Indonesia
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 d O O O
equation is used to estimate the water saturation in this
shaly sand case. The Indonesia equation (Poupon and
Leveaux, 1971) is

The Archie parameters a, m,and 12 are assigned values of

0.81, 2, and 2 based on local knowledge. Figure 5 illus-
trates water and hydrocarbon volume profiles derived from
this relationship for the reservoirs studied. For layers of
shaly sand (V,h less than 20%) the water saturation and hy-
drocarbon profiles are calculated and shown on the figure.
The effective porosity in equation (7) has been hydrocar-
bon and shale corrected according to the procedures out-
lined above in equations (3) through (6).

DETERMINATION OF MOVABLE
HYDROCARBON VOLUME
Well 2 Well 1
The ability of the mud filtrate to displace oil during the
I Sand UShole Porosity I invasion process implies that a formation exhibits perme-
FIG. 4: Porosity and shale volume for shaly sand sections ability to oil and that it could be a potential hydrocarbon-
in wells 1 and 2. producing interval. This ability is diagnosed by the differ-

May-June 1999 The Log Analyst 221

 Hamada

ence between the flushed zone saturation, S,,, and the vir- core specimens are collected, stored, and tested at close to
gin zone saturation, S,,; the volume of moved hydrocarbons in situ conditions. Thus, an essential step in obtaining core
is (S,,,- S,,,)$&..For S , , determination equation (7) is niodi- samples from these formations is the use of special core
fied to preservation techniques to minimize alteration from reser-
voir conditions. Eight core samples from well 1 and ten
core samples from well 2 were analysed to provide petro-

water and moved hydrocarbon volume

where the .YO subscript indicates flushed zone properties,
and mf'indicates mud filtrate. Figure 6 indicates the moved
hydrocarbon proportion for well 1.

COMPARISON BETWEEN COMPUTED

AND MEASURED VALUES
Core samples were selected at the depths shown in Table
1 . Obviously. logs responding to formations in situ will not
agree with core measurements in the laboratory unless the

water M d hydrocarbon volume

" ' " g z g
- 4 z ! % o n o
watre and hydrocarbon volume
0
0
0
o
-
0
"0
N g0 : 0 :
0

FIG.5: Water volume and hydrocarbon volume for shaly FIG. 6: Water and moveable hydrocarbon volumes for
sand sections in wells 1 and 2. shaly sand sections in well 1.

222 The Log Analyst May-June 1999

 An Integrated Approach to Determine Shale Volume and Hydrocarbon Potential in Shaly Sands in the Gulf of Suez

TABLE1: Comparison between the computed and measured core sample values: effective porosity, shale volume and
water saturation for wells 1 and 2.
~ ~ ~~

Depth, ft Effective porosity (frac.) Shale volume (frac.) Water Saturation (fi-ac.)
Measured Computed Measured Computed Measured Computed
I

Well 1
11142 0.172 0.153 0.021 0.0267 0.112 0.109
11230 0.135 0.133 0.0142 0.0133 0.07 0.068
11540 0.13 0.122 0.15 0.1466 0.105 0.102
11635 NA NA 0.74 0.69 NA NA
11740 0.132 0.133 0.15 0.147 0.101 0.0138
12045 0.125 0.12 0.085 0.0867 0.24 0.208
12255 0.0921 0.104 0.129 0.133 0.131 0.144
12340 0.0891 0.0933 0.149 0.1533 0.181 0.169

Well 2
11430 0.118 0.123 0.092 0.0969 0.205 0.203
11550 NA NA 0.405 0.385 NA NA
11740 0.098 0.0923 0.081 0.0615 0.131 0.133
11910 NA NA 0.388 0.343 NA NA
12030 0.1 10 0.102 0.152 0.154 0.08 0.076
12130 0.172 0.176 0.241 0.246 0.071 0.049
12175 0.132 0.138 0.158 0.152 0.107 0.121
12250 NA NA 0.84 0.787 NA NA
12270 NA NA 0.76 0.692 NA NA
12350 0.134 0.1338 0.12 0.108 0.67 0.581

TABLE 2: Comparison between the average saturation values computed by clean sand equation and the used equation
for shaly sand sections in wells 1 and 2. The standard deviation is indicated by usws,.

Well No Clean Sand Equation Shaly Sand Equation Used

S," % &,?A
1 17.7 0.34 13.3 0.0725
2 16.1 0.38 11.2 0.0686

physical ground-truth to validate the accuracy of the log formation temperature ( 1 8OOC). Water saturation in the
analysis. The core sample descriptions, and analyses per- plugs is estimated from S,,, = 0.81(R,/R,)/qj2 and is shown
formed by the Suez Oil Company, indicate that the core on Table 1 compared to the log-derived estimates. The
sample lithology varies from shale to shaly sand. Table 1 source of the variation observed between core-derived and
contains the details of the sample measurements and corre- log-derived estimates arises from use of different models,
sponding log analysis calculations. Core porosity was differing vertical resolution of logs versus core plugs, and
measured using a gas porosimeter under conditions of core preservation conditions.
simulated overburden pressure. Log-derived and core: Table 2 shows the standard deviations and average wa-
derived porosity and shale volumes are consistent. ter saturations for the less-than-20% Vshintervals in the two
To measure core sample water saturation, core sample wells. The effectiveness of the shaly sand approach is seen
R, is measured at the unknown saturation in the plug. For- in the reduced standard deviation of the computed values
mation water resistivity (R,) is defined for a given forma- compared to those found from the clean sand equation. I
tion water salinity (220,000 ppm NaCl equiv.) and suggest that this result should be considered in selecting a

May-June 1999 The Log Analyst 223

 Hamada

method for the evaluation of any shaly-sand producing in- q5tlel,, Porosity from neutron log data
terval. The comparisons shown in Table 1 confirm the ap- @ I2 Effective porosity
plicability o f my approach, in particular, t o the I;'.S/l Volume of shale
interpretation o f petrophysical properties in the Zeit Bay
Field.
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
I thank the Suez Oil Company (SUCO) for releasing log and
CONCLUSIONS core data, for core laboratory assistance and for permission to
Evaluation of shaly sands can be complicated. Shale in- .
publish this paper. I also thank Prof. A. M. Abouzeid Cairo Uni-
tluences all logging instrument responses and interpreta- versity, for critically reviewing the tnanuscript and for technical
tion techniques. Regardless o f their basic assumptions, conversations.
most shaly sand models employ weighted averages to ac-
count for the relative contributions o f sand and shale to the REFERENCES
overall shaly sand response. The type, distribution mode,
Bussian, A. E.. 1984, A Comparison of shaly sand models, paper
and the volume o f shale in the sands should also be taken
E, in 24th Annual Logging Symposium Transactions: Society
into account during the log interpretation. An integrated of Professional Well Log Analysts.
approach to determine shale volume and hydrocarbon po- Clavier, C., Coates. G. and J. Dumanoir. 1977, Theoretical and
tential in shaly sands provides the important petrophysical experimental bases for the dual water model for the interpreta-
parameters: shale volume, effective porosity, water satura- tion of shaly sands, paper SPE 6859: Society of Petroleum En-
tion, arid movable hydrocarbon potential. My approach in- gineers, presented at 52nd Annual Technical Conference and
tegrates all available information: log data, interpretation Exhibition.
models. and local knowledge. It provides a method that op- Dresser Atlas, 1982, Well logging and interpretation techniques,
timizes the input data, ensures quality control o f interpreta- Dresser Industrics, Inc.
tions, and is easily extended to new logging instrument Fertl, W. H., 1987, Log-derived evaluation of shaly clastic reser-
responses and interpretation models. The accuracy o f shale voirs: Joirrrial qf Petroleum Technology, February, 1987.
Poupon, A. and Leveaux J., 1971, Evaluation of water saturation
volume, effective porosity, and water saturation estimates
in shaly formations, paper 0, iri 12th Annual Logging Sympo-
derived from the integrated approach is confinned by coin- sium Transactions: Society of Professional Well Log Ana-
parison with the corresponding properties measured on lysts.
Saner, S., Cagotry, M. N., and AlFassail, Kh., 1994, Shaliness ef-
fect on the log-derived Archie M cementation factor: A study
of a Saudi Arabian sandstone reservoir: The Log Ana(yst. v.
NOMENCLATURE
35, 110. 6, pp. 16-27.
Tortuosity factor Schlumberger, 1967, Well Evaluation Conference, Middle East,
Empirical local factor Schlumberger.
Density log data (g/cm3) Schlumberger, 1987, Log Interpretation Principles/Applica-
Density o f hydrocarbon (g/cm') tions, New York.
Simandoux, P., 1963, Mesures Dielectriques en Milieu Poreux,
Density o f mud filtrate (g/cm')
Application a la Mesure des Saturations en Eau, Etude du
Density o f tnatrix (g/cni3) Comportement des Massifs Argileux: Revire dt. I 'Instifzrt
Gamma-ray data (API) Frarictris dzr Petrole, Supplementary Issue ( 1963). (Translated
Gamma-ray index as "Dielectric Measurenients on Porous Media, Application to
Cementation factor the Measurement of Water Saturations on the Behaviour of
Water saturation exponent Argillaceous Formations": in Shaly Sand Reprint Volume.
Not available SPWLA, Houston, pp. IV 81-95. July 1982.)
Salinity o f mud filtrate ( ppm NaCl equiv.) Waxman, M. H. and Smits. L. J. M., 1968, Electrical conductivity
Standard deviation in water saturation values in oil-bearing shaly sands: Socieh of Petroleirni Engineers of
Resistivity of mud filtrate (ohm-m) .4IME Joirrnal, June 1968, pp. 107-1 22.
Resistivity o f shale bed (ohm-m) Worthington, P. F.. 1985, The evolution of shaly sand concepts
Formation resistivity (ohm-m) in reservoir evaluation: The Log .4nulyst, v. 26, no. 1, pp.
2340.
Flushed zone resistivity (ohm-in)
Water saturation
Flushed zone (filtrate) saturation
Hydrocarbon saturation
Porosity from density log data
Neutron log reading (fractional porosity units')

The Log Analyst May-June 1999

 An Integrated Approach to Determine Shale Volume and Hydrocarbon Potential in Shaly Sands in the Gulf of Suez

ABOUT THE AUTHOR

Gharib M. Hamada is professor of well logging and applied

geophysics at Cairo University, Egypt. Presently he works with
King Saud University, Saudi Arabia. Previously he worked with
Technical University of Denmark, Denmark 1996 to 1997 and for
Sultan Qaboos University, Oman from 1989to 1993. He obtained
BSc and MSc in 1975 and 1979 from Cairo University, Egypt all
in petroleum engineering and then obtained DEA and Doc. D’Ing
degrees in 1980 and 1983 from Bordeaux University, France in
applied geophysics. Hamada’s main research interests include
formation evaluation, production logging, and reservoir descrip-
tion. He is a member of SPWLA, SCA and SPE. Email: gaha-
mada@ksu.edu.sa.

Maydune 1999 The Log Analyst 225

High Minded Scholarship Built on a Crude Foundation

During a recent conversation on the difficulty in finding Eve also charted selected data captured in her table in
papers for The Log Anulyst, my colleague Eve Sprunt casu- two summary plots. The first (Figure 1) shows the number
ally remarked that it has seemed as if the proportion of pa- of papers trending downward from 199 1, but that propor-
pers submitted to TLA from authors outside the US has been tion of US-based authors remains a high percentage of the
steadily growing, and that in recent years the point had been total. These data are replotted in Eve's second graph (Figure
rcached where non-US authors are in the majority. My re- 2).
sponse was that this has seemed to be a trend in severaljour- The operative statistic would appear to be the interna-
nals that I receive including Geophysics and IEEE tional distribution of the membership. This is still approxi-
Trunsuctions on Antennas und Propugution. Eve volun- mately two-thirds in t h e U S and o u r papers are
teered to put together a survey of TLA papers since 1990. I approximately two-thirds authored by US residents. Proba-
pass the results along to you. bly part of the false perception that foreign contributions to
Eve writes: TLA are growing is that the US has recently benefited from a
significant brain-drain from other countries; many of the
Dave, surnames such as Shen, Chew, Hagiwara, Tabarovsky, etc.,
The survey didn't show what I thought it would. now belong to US citizens and residents.
The spreadsheet (Table I ) reflects the domicile of the Logging being the technical contribution to the oil indus-
authors at the timc their papers were written (as determined try pioneered within France, and outside of it by its French
from affiliation or the biography). I ran statistics based on
the domicile of the first author. If you count USSR/Russia
as one country, 22 countries are represented by first authors.
Only the US and UK have had papers every year in the sur- TABLE 1
vey period. The Canadians are the fourth most prolific first Number % Oil
authors followed closely by the French. However, the Ycar ofPapers USA USA UK Canada Othcr Pricc
French authored papers every year from 1990 through 1 994,
but none since then. Does The Log Anulyst need to reach out 1998 25 60% 15 2 1 7 $13.50
to French authors? Special issues tend to be dominated by 1997 15 73% 11 3 1 $17.00
USA authors. Should there be a special issue spearheaded 1996 18 78% 14 I 1 2 $ I 8.00
by a European'?
1995 23 48% 11 4 2 6 $14.50
On a percentage basis, the low year for USA papers was
1994 20 60% 12 1 7 $14.00
1995, but the peak year was 1996. Combined the two years
were just below average, 0.61 versus 0.67. The number of 1993 28 68Yo 19 1 4 4 $14.25
papers published has gone through some major short-term 1992 34 76% 26 4 4 $16.00
swings. 1991 45 67% 30 2 1 12 $16.50
Eve 1990 19 74% 14 2 2 1 $20.00

Location of First Author

50 30%
45 80%
40 70%
35
30 50% Papers
25
20
15 30%
10 20%
5 10%
0 0%

FIG. 1 FIG. 2

226 'The Log Analyst May-June 1999

 Survey Results

inventors, TLA is the poorer for not having any recent con- papers. One can see the decline the fortunes of the business
tributions from France. Come you heirs of Clavier, Du- in the early 1990s were followed by the output of papers by
manoir, Tixier, Poupon, Guyod, and the Schlumbergers a two year delay. The stealth miniboom the industry experi-
themselves, the pages of The Log Analyst are waiting to re- enced beginning in 1994 resulted in a significant boom in
ceive your work. publications after a three-year delay. For the most recent
The shape of Eve’s second graph got me to wondering price crash, oil price and scholarly output are almost per-
whether the price of oil was a significant predictor of the fectly synchonized.
number of publications in TLA. I did a search on the Internet In my last few editor’s column I have shamelessly solic-
feeding the search engine “Oil Price.” The result was a nice ited papers from the membership of the SPWLA (and any-
article with many graphs relating various quantities, such as one else with suitable material). The message in the chart
rig count and oil price, as functions of time. I added the may be that until the price stabilizes at a level that allows a
rightmost data column to Eve’s table. A most interesting decent return on capital risked, scholarship in the oil patch
graph of this data is shown in Figure 3. is going to continue at a low rate, and TLA will consequently
For some reason the number of papers by US authors
have some “low volume volumes.” Still, I urge you, and I
more closely parallels the oil price than the total number of
urge you to urge your colleagues, write up that result you’ve
been sitting on for years. Now is a good time for us to bring
the documentation of our craft up to the same high level of
I $21
Oil Price vs. # Publications

802
quality that is typical of its daily practice in the field and in
our laboratories.
$20 WDK
$ $19 70 4
--C Oil Pnce
F $18
$17 Oil Pnce
2 $16 %
- USA
4 $15
’ $14
$1 3
50 %

$12

I
1990 1882 1894 1886 1988
Year

FIG. 3

May-June 1999 The Log Analyst 227

Chapter News

Edited by Vicki King held in March, the theme was “Petrophysical Input for Res-
ervoir Simulation: asking the right question.”
Denver Chapter
Moscow Chapter
The speaker for the March meeting was James Mullarkey
The talk at the February meeting was given by A. A. Ta-
(Westport Oil & Gas Co, Inc.), who give a talk on “Low bakov (Moscow, Central Geophysical Expedition) and V.
Contrast, Low Resistivity, Upper Cretaceous Hydrocarbon N. Bandov (Oktjabrsky, Bashkirija, Institute of Logging)
Reservoirs in the Greater Green River Basin, Wyoming, who spoke on “VSP (Vertrical Seismical Profiling)-new ap-
USA.” The 1999 DWLS Log Analysis Seminar was held proaches and acheivements.”
March 18 and 19. William Donovan (Automated Mudlog-
ging Systems), gave a talk on “Determining Coal Gas Con- New Orleans Chapter
tent Using Mudlogging Methods” at the April meeting. The March meeting featured Tom Maher (Shell Off-
shore, Inc.) who presented “Inflow Fluid Typing in
Fort Worth Chapter Screened Horizontal Completions Using a Pulsed Neutron
Richard Odom (Computalog Research) was the speaker Holdup Imager.” Paul Worthington (Gaffney, Cline and As-
for March. His topic was “Cased-hole Lithology and Den- sociates), gave a talk on “Recognition and Development of
sity Measurements.” Low-Resistivity Pay” at the April meeting, A day-long sym-
posium is planned for the final meeting of the 1998-99 sea-
Houston Chapter son, on May 20. The theme will be a “Cutting Edge
March meetings featured the following speakers and top- Symposium.”
ics:
Westside-Bob Skopec (Independent Consultant), “Res-
ervoir Evaluation and Data Integration in Horizontal Well-
bores.”
Greenspoint-George Coates (Halliburton Energy Serv-
ices), “Using the MRIL in Formation Evaluation.”
Downtown-Xiaoming Tang (Baker Atlas), “Dipole
Acoustics: Applications in Various Disciplines.”
April tneetings featured the following speakers and top-
ics: New Orleans Chaptcr appreciation awards wcre givcn by Sheng
Westside-Paul Worthington (Gaffney, Cline and Asso- Ding (1997-98 Prcsident) to major sponsors and contributors. Left to
ciates), “Value-additive Petrophysics in Integrated Reser- right: Tim Kliberl (Divcrsificd Well Logging), Mike Sparacino (ac-
voir Studies.” ccpting for Paul Bienevuc), James Dwyer (Baker Hughes INTEQ),
Greenspoint-Dave McNaughton (Mincom Petroleum Shcng Ding (formerly with Shell, currently with Enron Oil & Gas ln-
tcrnational), Jcff Corski (Schlumbergcr), Tommy Johnson (Hallibur-
Technology), “Productivity Prediction from Well Logs in
ton) and Craig Mucller (Baker Atlas).
Variable Gain Size Reservoirs.”
Downtown-Kenneth Henry (International Consultant),
“Advancements in Wireline Technology - Past, Present and San Joaquin Chapter
Future.” Ahmed Badruzzaman (Chevron Petroleum Technology
The 1999 Spring Symposium on “Examining Net Pay co.) gave a talk on “Pulsed Neutron Technology in Oil Field
Determination Using Conventional and Unconventional Management: Progress and Challenges” at the March meet-
Techniques” is planned for Tuesday, May 18, 8:00 a.m. - ing.
4:OO p.m.
Norwegian Chapter
London Chapter The January, February and March speakers and topics
February’s speaker was Dale Chenery (Stimlabs) who were, Wendell Menard (Conoco Norway), “Revealing the
spoke on “Formation Damage.” A one-day meeting was Petrophysical Properties of Thin Bedded Rock in a Norwe-

228 The Log Analyst May-June 1999

 Chapter News

gian Sea Reservoir by the use of Logs, Core and Miniperm Tulsa Petroleum Club. The SPWLA was founded in Tulsa in
Data”; February, Craig Keinitz (Schlumberger), “Use of March 1959. The meeting was attended by members of the
Azimuthal LWD Data for Comprehensive Formation Tulsa Chapter, nine members of the SPWLA Board of Di-
Evaluation” and March, Jim Galford (Halliburton), “A New rectors and special guests. Five former Presidents; Bill Belk-
Characterization of Bulk Volume Irreducible Using Mag- nap (second President) retired from Phillips, Joe Owen
netic Resonance.” (fourth President) retired from Phillips, Tony Messineo
(sixth President) retired from ARCO, Erwin King (twenty-
Tulsa Chapter second President) retired from ARCO and Wallie Souder
The Tulsa chapter celebrated the fortieth anniversary of (twenty-fifth President) with Phillips.
the society’s founding at the regular monthly meeting at the

Joe Owen, fourth President Bill Belknap, second Presi-

dent

Tulsa Chapter: Jay Patchett Tony Messineo, sixth President

gives a toast to the SPWLA’s
40th year.

May-June 1999 The Log Analyst 229

New Members

February 20, 1999.to April 16, 1999

Algan, Ugur, Ilex Technologies Ltd., Doma Farm Nursery, Lam- Lean, Jonathon, PGS Reservoir (UK) Ltd. PGS Thames House 17
pool Corner, Maresfield E. Sussex, TN22 3DR United King- Marlow Rd., Maidenhead Berks, SLG 1AA England
dom Li, Anzong, Xian Petroleum Exploration Instrument Complex 8
Baranyi, Peter, Geoinform Ltd., 8800 Nagkanizsa, Var Ut 8 Hun- Hang ZhuanNan St. Xian, 710061 Peoples Republic of China
gary Malinowsky, Kirk, NuTech Energy Alliance, 7702 FM 1960 E,
Bootle, Richard, PGS Reservoir (UK) Ltd., PGS Thames House, Suite 324 Humble, TX 77346 USA
17 Marlow Rd. Maidenhead Berks, SL6 1AA United King- Marc, Fleury, Institut Francais Du Petrole, 1 Et 4, Avenue De Boris
dom - Preau 92852 Rueil - Malmaison France
Carroll, Richard, 31 Gannet Hollow Place, The Woodlands, TX Mitchell, Alan, Elf Exploration Production, Well Construction
77381 USA Avenue Larribau 64018 Pau Cedex France
Chandler, Richard, Numar Corporation, 508 Lapp Road, Down- Padilha, Solon, SchlumbergerWireline & Testing, Rua Da Assem-
ingtown, PA 19335 USA bleia 98 - 17 Andar, CEP20011-000 Rio De Janeiro Brazil
Chapin, David, LaCoste & Romberg LLC, 4807 Spicewood Rademaker, Thijs, Halliburton Manufacturing and Services Ltd,
Springs Rd., Bldg. 2, Austin, TX 78759 USA Halliburton House, Pitmedden Road Pitmedden Road Indus-
Cranfield, Colin, 15 Pleydell Ave., London, W6 OXX United trial Estate Dyce, Aberdeen AB21 ODB United Kingdom
Kingdom Robertson, Bruce, Schlumberger, 3300 North A Street Building 4,
Davis, Nathan, Colog, 17301 W. Colfax Ave., Suite 265 Golden, Suite 200 Midland, TX 79705 USA
CO 80401 USA Seccombe,James, BP Exploration 900 East Benson Blvd. Anchor-
Decoppet, Francois, P.O. Box 793, Youngsville, LA 70592 USA age, AK 99519-6612 USA
Dunoiu, Daniela, 173 Carol I Blvd., Campina 2150 Prahova Ro- Seeberg, Tnne, Saga Petroleum ASA, P.O. Box 490 Sandvika,
mania 1301 Norway
Eiane, Tor, Baker Hughes INTEQ, Ekofiskveien 1 4056 Tananger Shi-Qi, Wu, Production Logging Research Institute, 4 Xiliu St.
Norway Longgang Region Daqing City Heilongliang Province
Elseth, Trym, Saga Petroleum ASA, Kjorboveien 16 Postboks 490 163453 Peoples Republic of China
Sandvika, 1301 Norway Shim, Douglas, P.O. Box 2026, Bandar Seri Begawan, BS 8674
Fan, Shihong, Xian Petroleum Exploration, Instument Complex Brunei Darussalam
No. 8 Hong Zhuan Nan Lu Xian Peoples Republic of China Smith, Lonnie, Unocal Corporation, 14216 Horse Shoe Bend,
Fishburn, Todd, Unocal, 14141 SW Freeway Sugar Land, TX Conroe, TX 77384 USA
77478 USA Smith, Donald, 408 East Martial Ave. Lafayette, LA 70508 USA
Henri-Pierre, Valero, Schlumberger K.K., Interpretation Product Tilley, David, Baker Atlas, 201 Energy Parkway, Suite 305, Lafay-
Line 2-1 Fuchinobe, 2-Chome Sagamihara-shi Kanagava- ette, LA 70508 USA
Ken, 229 Japan Tsin, Benjamin, 1408 Sherwood Forest, Houston, TX 77043 USA
Hveding, Frode, Saga Petroleum ASA, P.O. Box 117 Giodes Et Volokitin, Yakov, SIEP - RTS Volmeerlaan 8, P.O. Box 60 2280
Dalen 8 Stavanger, 4033 Norway AB Rijswijk Netherlands
Janardhan, K., Halliburton Logging Services, India Ltd. 6 Local Vrind, Barbara, Halliburton, Reservoir Description Halliburton
Shopping Complex Pushp Vihar, Madangir New Delhi, 110 House, Pitmedden Road Pitmedden Industrial Estate Dyce,
062 India Aberdeen AB2 1 ODP Scotland
Jaspers, Johannes, NAM - The Netherlands Dobbenwal 88 9407 Yan, Guang, Xian Petroleum Exploartion Instrument Complex No.
AH Assen Netherlands 8 Hong Zhuan Nan Road Xian, 7 10061 Peoples Republic of
Kenny, Wilfred, 108 Merchant Blvd., Apt. 32 Lafayette, LA China
70508 USA

230 The Log Analyst May-June 1999

I
Proposal for Amendment to SPWLA Articles of Incorporation

The Board of Directors of the SPWLA requests your vote cult for the nominating committee to fill a slate without the
on the following important issue that could affect the opera- possibility of ending up with three people from the same
tion of the Society. A ballot for this purpose will be mailed company being elected. In many instances the nominating
to all SPWLA members in good standing later in the year. committee would like to nominate a third person (who is
This article serves as notice to the SPWLA membership willing to serve!) from one company for a position. How-
that the Board of Directors has approved bringing this issue ever, given the rule, we are extremely reluctant to nominate
to the membership for a vote. The Board of Directors recom- three because if all three people from the same company
mends that you vote for the proposition. were elected, only two could serve. Given the industry con-
Article VI states “In each case where the election results solidations that have occurred over the past several years, it
cause a single company to be represented by more than two is now almost impossible to fill the slate without nominating
electees, the electees to the two highest offices shall be in- three people from the same company.
stalled; each other office of the case shall be filled by the
highest runner-up from a company not already represented Thank you very much.
by two installed officers.”
The proposal is to change “two” to “three” electees. Respectfully submitted,
The purpose of the change is to allow more flexibility for Eric S . Pasternack
the nominating committee. It is becoming extremely diffi- Vice-president Finance, Secretary and Administration

-k 1(
i b
3Li
- -
Vice-president Publications David Kennedy (left) and Director Joe
March board meeting in Tulsa, President Allen Gilchrist (left) and Beck at the March board meeting.
President-Elect Gary Beck.

May-June 1999 The Log Analyst 231

 Instructions to Authors and Guidelines
for Manuscript Preparation
(Revised May 1, 1999)

POLICY ord of your work, one that will be archived in the libraries of the
world and that may be referred to by students and scholars un-
TheLog Analyst publishes original contributionson theoreti- known to you, some as yet unborn. This is the audience that you
cal and applied aspects of formation evaluation, particularly
should aim to communicate with. To write effectively you
well logging and petrophysics. Case histories and interpretation
should first introduce your subject and describe why your work
papers are of special interest. Contributionsmay be in the form
was needed. The body of your article should describe your
of Articles, Reports, Notes, Review Papers and Tutorials, and
Discussions or Replies; they are accepted on the basis of quality methods and results. Finally, you should discuss the signifi-
and significance of subject matter, clarity of expression, and cance of the results and summarize the paper.
compliancewith The Log Analyst guidelines. Letters to the Edi- Organization
tor are also accepted.
Your finished article should be structured around a format
that includes seven elements: a title, and abstract, an introduc-
TYPES OF CONTRIBUTIONS
tion, a description of methods, a description of results, discus-
Articles are comprehensive papers on new interpretations or sion of the significance of the work, and a summary or
methods of analysis of well log data, new information or ap- conclusions section. There is latitude in selecting subtitles in the
proaches to theoretical or applied topics, new instrumentation, description of methods and results, but the abstract, introduc-
or new research methods. Conclusions are firmly based on work tion, and summary or conclusion section should be so named.
reported in the paper. Speculation is kept to a minimum. Title. Your title should evoke an accurate image of your
Notes are shorter technical reports of preliminary discover- work in each of your reader’s mind’s eye. There is nothing to
ies, speculative hypotheses, new techniques, or new instrumen- prevent creativityor even a touch of poetry in crafting your title,
tation. Based on mathematical derivations or empirically using imagery as vivid and bold as you and your topic can sup-
derived data, these manuscripts are brief, to the point, timely, port. Succinct and vivid titles will be remembered. However,
and of general interest. your paper must deliver on what your title promises. The last
Discussions are comments on Articles or Notes published in question you should ask yourself before submitting your manu-
The Log Analyst and may offer useful additional information. A script for review should be-Does my manuscript deliver what
copy is provided to the author of the original paper for the op- my title promises? If not, work some more on the title.
portunity to prepare a Reply. Discussionsand Replies should be Abstract. Your abstract will represent your work to many
offered by commentators and received by authors at a suitable more people than will ever read your paper, therefore craft it
technical level. Eschew any appearance of ad hominen argu- carefully. Your abstract is a very short version of your paper. Its
ment in discussion and replies. Remember that experts can and purpose is to briefly introduce why your subject is worthy of in-
do disagree. terest including its areas of uncertainty, one of which your paper
When sending a Letter to the Editor, indicate if it is for publi- will illuminate. Then move to the significant findings, conclu-
cation. sions, and the consequences of these conclusions for your tech-
nical community. You should avoid phrases such as “it is shown
WRITING YOUR ARTICLE FOR THE LOG ANALYST that” and “is discussed”; assert your points in direct declarative
The technical journals of the world are filled with poorly sentences. Avoid the use of equations. Limit the abstract to 250
written and therefore deservedly obscure papers. At The Log words or less.
Analyst these are referred to as inscrutablepapers; these are arti- Introduction. Many readers will expose themselves only to
cles beyond the reach and endurance of readers who might oth- your introduction and your conclusion section. Others may read
erwise be interested in their topics. They must be read past the introduction if the introductionis successful in explain-
repeatedly and often and using references in order to fathom ing why the problem you are reporting on is interesting. Use this
their message. At The Log Analyst inscrutablepapers are the en- section to introduce your reader to the imperatives that impelled
emy. The purpose of writing a technical paper is to communi- you to do the work. Briefly explainthe history of the problem in-
cate (not obfuscate) ideas to an audience. Part of the audience, cluding references to previous work. This is the place where
of course, will be your colleagues working in your field and fa- connections to related problems can be made. After reading this
miliar with the techniques and jargon of your discipline. You section the audience should be able to explain what work you
should also keep in mind that you are making a permanent rec- have done and why you have done it.

232 The Log Analyst May-June 1999

I
 Instructions and Guidelines to Authors

Methods. In some cases the paper will be about a method. If Enjoy it. Compose a topic sentence for a paragraph and then
you have developed a new method and applied it to illustrate its write the paragraph. Similarly,enumerated items should have a
usefulness your paper will be of this type. In these cases it is fair amount of discussion in order to justify their use. For lists
proper to present the method in detail. In other instances, the without much discussion just use a simple list. Consider
method used in your work is not original per se, but was used to whether a table would meet the needs of your exposition.
obtain a new result. In these cases, detailed discussion of the Topic and subtopic headings.Headings should be followed
method would detract from the chain of thought you are linking by some reasonable amount of discussion. If you find that each
for the reader; these details should be relegated to an appendix. of your headings merits only a sentence or two, this is an indica-
In either case, the description should contain enough detail to al- tion that you are merely enumerating items with headings; con-
low the work to be repeated by a competent and diligent reader. sider a table instead.
Results. Explain your results. Results are often summarized Author’s Editing and Revision-Preparing for Peer Re-
graphically or in tables. Such graphs and tables should be sup- view. After preparation of a draft manuscript the author should
ported with enough text to illuminate their content and signifi- put his manuscript out to sympathetic colleagues with the re-
cance. In this section you can direct the attention of the reader to quest that the manuscript be thoroughly and critically, even bru-
various subtleties and caveats in your data. tally, evaluated; then be prepared to receive criticism and use it
Discussion and Conclusions. In a very real sense these last
to improve the paper. This should be repeated until the manu-
two items are the heart and soul of a paper. There are many
styles that work equally well at this point in a manuscript. How- script is judged as good as it can be. A paper vetted in this way
ever, many papers fail at this point so I offer some constructive may spend considerably less time in peer review than an uncri-
comments for you to consider in crafting these sections. Al- tiqued paper.
though in some cases one may wish to omit an explicit Discus- Although the membership of the SPWLA is international,
sion section in favor of a more lengthy Conclusion section, the The Log Analyst is an English languagejournal. Authors, what-
discussion section is used to convey the significance of your re- ever their native languages and their level of fluency in English,
sult; how does your result illuminate the problem stated in your will want their contributionsto The Log Analyst to be in English
introduction?; how does it relate to other similar work in the of the highest caliber. For co-authored papers, the native Eng-
field?; can your result be used to make a new connection be- lish speaking co-authors, if there be any, should take charge of
tween disciplines? A Conclusion section should begin with a the revision process at this point. For this large subset of papers
paragraph summarizing of your work-this is for readers who the native English speakers on the writing team can save incal-
will sample only the Introduction and the Conclusions before culable time in the copy editing process by editing the paper for
deciding to read your paper. Follow this with the main points to high quality English prose before submitting the paper for peer
be drawn from your work, avoid redundancy but the Conclusion review. This seems obvious but is not done in many cases.
need not necessarily be brief. Describe how well the study ob- At the end of your writinglcritiquing process a scrutable
jectives were met. If there are logical conclusionsthat need to be manuscript should be submitted for review. Inscrutablenessre-
drawn they should appear here. Discuss new problems that have maining in the manuscript will be removed by the process of
arisen as a result of your study and/or future work that might be peer review and copy editing.
done to further the development of understanding in your topic
of study.
PUBLICATION PROCEDURE
General Caveats
Manuscript Submission
Equations. If your paper contains equations, use an equation
editor to create them. If you do not have access to an equation 1. Submit only papers written in English.
editor then write them out longhand approximately as they 2. Submit only papers that are unpublished and are not under
would appear when typeset. Do not type your equations using consideration for publishing elsewhere.
Fortran-like conventions (e.g., E = m * c ** 2 ;c = 2 * pi * rho). 3. Papers appearing in preliminary @reprint) form in meeting
In some cases your copy editors and you may agree on the visual transactions or proceedings and not yet formally published
appearance of equations so specified, but in general you should are acceptable.
assume the copy editor and typesetter are not familiar with 4. Identify papers presented orally with date and location of
mathematics and equations and you must leave no doubt as to presentation.
how your equations should look. Your manuscript may be re- 5. Submit five copies of the manuscript and figures (see
turned to you for revision before the commencementof peer re- MANUSCRIPT SPECIFICATIONS AND FORMAT and
view if your equations are not perfectly clear to the editor. FIGURES AND TABLES for requirements) to the Editor of
Bullets and item numbering. Do not use “bullets” and use The Log Analyst (Vice-president, Publications) or the
specific enumeration sparingly. Although “bullets” are now SPWLA business oftice.
very common in presentations your paper is a narrative and you 6. Provide a mailing address, email address (if available),tele-
are not required to make your point in a single abbreviated line phone number, and facsimile (FAX) number for correspond-
of text as on a slide-you have the luxury of full blown prose. ing author.

May-June 1999 The Log Analyst 233

 Instructions and Guidelines to Authors

Review and Copyediting Process Electronic Diskette

Final acceptance is at the sole discretion of the Editor with The Log Ancilwt encourages contributions submitted on ei-
the advice and consent of his associate editors and reviewers. ther 3%- or 5%-in. electronic diskette; also provide five hard
Manuscripts that do not comply with The Log Aiialyst guide- copies of text, figures. and tables. Authors should remove all
lines may be returned to the corresponding author with a request tabs, formatting codes, and indentations. There should be no
froin the Editor for compliance prior to review. The manuscript hard carriage returns except at ends of paragraphs. Double
is sent out for review, first to an associate editor competent in the space between paragraphs.
paper’s subject; the associate editor then will forward the manu- Preferably, authors should save files to PC-compatible disk-
script to three reviewers also competent in the paper’s subject ettes in PC format. ASCII is acceptable but MS Word docu-
iiiaieflai. Tiie may contrjlo.ute to the review ments are easiest for our print shop. Label diskettes with name
his discretion, and will adjudicate the interests of authors and re- of file, software, hardware. and operating system (MS-DOS or
viewers as required. Finally, The Log Atialyst editor will review PR-DOS). Save illustrations to TIF. WMF, EPS, CorelDRAW,
the revised manuscript. No paper will be published without or Adobe Illustrator files.
prior review of at least three peers including the chosen review-
ers, the associate editor, and the editor. At least two ofthese shall
MANUSCRIPT ORGANIZATION AND STYLE
be members of The Log Andyst Publication Committee. Re-
viewer’s comments and suggestions accompany the author’s I . Indicate professional affiliation for each author under the ti-
notification of the decision on acceptance. tle.
2. Organize as listed: abstract (required for Articles, but not for
Manuscripts are copyedited after acceptance.
Notes, Discussions. or Replies), body of text (introduction.
The corresponding author receives one set of page proofs to methods or techniques, results, interpretation or discussion,
check for typographic errors and to answer queries from the conclusions, etc.), nomenclature, acknowledgments, refer-
copy editor. The Publication Editor reserves the right to accept ences, appendices, tables, figure captions, figures, brief
or reject changes in proof. paragraphs about author entitled “About the Author.” A
I . Keep corrections in the proof to a minimum; authors may be glossy portrait-type photograph of each author showing head
charged for excessive proof corrections that differ from their and shoulders should accompany the manuscript. Color or
accepted manuscript. Some corrections may result in serious black and white photographs are acceptable; passport or i n -
delay in publication. stant prints are acceptable. Digital images made by scanning
2 . Return proofs to the Managing Editor within 48 hours of re- photos are not acceptable but itnages made using a digital
ceipt; tardiness in returning proofs delays publication. camera are okay.
3. Complete and return the reprint order form, sent to authors Nomenclature: Papers using extensive abbreviations, acro-
with page proofs, with the proofs. nyms, and symbols require a separate section for definition.
Manuscripts are usually published in the order of receipt of Avoid extensive use of abbreviations or commercial acronyms.
an accepted final version. Manuscripts and figures are not re- Refer to Glossary of Terms and Expressions Used in Well Log-
turned. ging, 2nd ed., SPWLA, 8866 GulfFreeway. Suite 320, Houston,
Copyright Transfer TX 77017.
References: List all published works cited in the text alpha-
Copyright law requires a copyright transfer be obtained from betically by author and then chronologically. If there are two or
authors of papers published in The Log Analyst. Copyright more papers by the same author(s) in the same year, add lower-
forms must be signed and returned by the corresponding author case letters after the year: Jones (1989a), (Jones, 1989b). When
before publication is scheduled. citing references in text, list chronologically: (Smith, 1957;
Printing Costs Jones et al., 1988; Jones, 1989). Do not use abbreviations in ti-
tles of articles, books, or journals. Use the following format:
The Log Analyst requests voluntary page charges of $75 per author, year, title, volume, number, pages. Refer to manuscripts
page. Costs of any special printing, such as foldouts or color, are in preparation and personal communications as such in the text
borne entirely by the author. and do not include in the references section.

MANUSCRIPT SPECIFICATIONS AND FORMAT Books

Beinkafner, K. J., 1988, Coniputer processing of dipmeter
Hard Copy log data; enhancement of a subsurface exploration tool, in D. F.
Merriam, ed., Ciweiit trends it?geonintlienzatics: Plenum Press,
All text (including footnotes and references). tables, and fig-
New York, p. 181-206.
ure captions must be double-spaced. Type must be letter quality
using typewriter-style or Times-Roman fonts, or desktop- Joirrwals
published material must be at least 10-point type on 24-point Dupree, J. H., 1989, Cased-hole nuclear logging interpreta-
leading ( 3 lineshnch). Number pages consecutively from Ab- tion, Prudhoe Bay, Alaska: The LogAnalwf, v. 30, no. 3, May-
stract to References. June, p. 162-177.

234 The Log Analyst May-June 1999

 Instructions and Guidelines to Authors

Published meeting transactions or proceedings iting and Printing in Earth Science, American Geological Insti-
Khokar, R. W., and Johnson, W. M., Jr., 1989, A deep later- tute, 4220 King St., Alexandria, VA 22302. The Chicago Man-
olog for ultrathin formation evaluation, paper SS, in' 30th An- ual of Style,University of Chicago Press, 580 1 South Ellis Ave.,
nual Logging Symposium Transactions: Society of Chicago, IL 60637 is an excellent reference for general writing
Professional Well Log Analysts, p. SS1-10. style and grammar.
Woodhouse, R., and Kerr, S. A., 1988, The evaluation of oil
saturation through casing using carbodoxygen logs, SPE- FIGURES AND TABLES
17610, in SPE International Meeting on Petroleum Engineer-:
ing, Proceedings:Society ofpetroleum Engineers,p. 62 1-632. Figure captions should explain succinctly what each figure
illustrates. Figures, together with captions, should be under-
Unpublishedmeeting papers
standablewithout reference to text. (For an example ofthis style
Hsu, K., Brie, A., and Plumb, R. A., 1985,A new method for
of captioning see any figure caption in any article in any issue of
fracture identification using array sonic tools, SPE-14397: So-
Scientific American)
ciety of Petroleum Engineers, presented at 60th Annual Techni-
1. For initial manuscript submission, send photocopies of
cal Conference and Exhibition, 8 p. camera-ready figures and tables. Format individually, 20 x
About the Author: Briefly outlines education, career ac- 25 cm (8 x 10 in.) without captions; do not integrate into text.
complishments and contributions, professional position, and Traditionallydrafted figures are acceptable, but hand-drawn
work on current projects. figures and lettering that are not of publishable quality are
Measurement Units: SPWLA prefers metric units but ac- unacceptable.
cepts either English or metric units. When using English units, 2. Number figures and tables.
provide conversions to metric units in parentheses. 3. List figure captions separately following the text.
Style Guides: For discussions on how to prepare a scien- 4. Submit originals of photographs and micrographs. They
tific/technicalpaper, SPWLA recommends the CBE Style Man- should be well contrasted; arrows, letters, and numbers
ual, Council of Biology Editors, Inc., 9650 Rockville Pike, should be inserted. Micrographs must have an internal mag-
Bethesda, MD 208 14 and Geo-writing-A Guide to Writing, Ed- nification marker (bar scale) and magnification stated.

May-June 1999 The Log Analyst 235

 SOCIETY O F PROFESSIONAL WELL LOG ANALYSTS, INC.
8866 Gulf Freeway. Suite 320, Houston, Texas 77017
USA
(713) 947-8727 FAX (713) 947-7181
Instructions to Applicants for Membership (Retain this sheet)

1. Please read the instructions listed below very carefully before completing the attached application fonn. 2. Deterniine the class of member-
ship for which you believe you are qualified. 3 . Complete the application following the instructions. 4. Mail the completed application with
payment for the initiation fee and 1st year dues to the above address.

Summary of Membership Requirements and Dues

(See Instructions A, B, C, below)

Class Member Junior Member Associate Member

General Actively engaged in formation evaluation Actively engaged in forination evaluation Shall by profession. affiliation or ahidlag
tluougli oii3Iysis of well logs and lor through analysis ofwell logs aiid /or interest meet the purposes of the
Qualification relaled well data. related well data corporation

Years of active practicc:

may include four years
of college (See amended Nine Four NIA
Articles of Incornoration)
~~~

References required One SPWLA Member One SPWLA Member One SPWLA Member

Initiation Fee $20.00 $20.00 $20.00

Annual Dues
$50.00 $50.00 $50.00
(Includes The Log ..lrirr(i>sf)

A. Qualifications for Adniissions

Read carefully the qualifications for membership. Article V. Section 2 , of the Amended Articles of Incorporation. (See reverse side of this page.)

B. Professional Record
Give detailed information. keeping in mind the class of membership for which you believe you are qualified. (Use another sheet if needed.)

C. References
As the Board of Directors places substantial reliance on reference approval, the processing of your application may be delayed until the qualified refer-
ence approval has been obtained. You should ask one SPWLA MEMBER to act as a reference, reminding them of the periods of your association with
them. This Member should have PERSONAL KNOWLEDGE of periods during which you perfomied responsible work calling for independent judg-
ment i n the application ofwell log and related data. It is highly desirable that your reference examine the facts which you have entered on the application
and then complete a reference line with signature under Part C. If the reference signature is missing, the Membership Committee may need to refer the
application to the reference. (Please include the complete name and mailing address of any such reference.) If you are unable to secure a SPWLA Meni-
ber reference, you may request a responsible person who can vouch for your qualifications to act as a reference. In this case, please include with your ap-
plication a letter to the Board of Directors explaining this irregularity.

236 The Log Analyst May-June 1999

 AMENDED ARTICLES OF INCORPORATION
of
SOCIETY OF PROFESSIONAL WELL LOG ANALYSTS, INC.
ARTICLE V

This corporation is formed exclusively for scientific purposes, and there- E. Associate Members
fore has no stated capital and no capital stock. Each Member, Honorary Mem- They shall by their profession, affiliation, or abiding interest, meet
ber, Senior Member, and Junior Member shall have one vote in the election of the purposes of the corporation.
directors of the corporation. All rights and powers vested in stockholders un-
der the Oklahoma Business Corporation Act (18 O.S. 1961, Secs. 1.1 through F. Student Members
1.2501, except those powers and rights which are inconsistent with the pur- They shall be enrolled in a college or university satisfactory to the
poses of this corporation as set forth in these Articles, shall be vested in the Board of Directors.
members of the corporation. The following provisions shall govern the classi-
fications, qualifications, reinstatement, ethics, and expulsions of members of Section 3 - Privileges
this corporation: A. Members may vote and hold office, and hold committee membership
on all committees.
Section 1- Classifications
B. Honorary Members may vote and hold office, and hold committee
Membership in the organization shall be divided into six categories on the
membership on all committees. They are exempt from payment of
basis of experience and degree of participation. They shall consist of
dues.
1. Members C. Senior Members may vote and hold office and hold committee mem-
2. Honorary Members bership on all committees. Dues for Senior Members shall be no more
3. Senior Members than one-half the dues of Members.
4.Junior Members D. Junior Members may vote but shall not hold office. They may hold
5. Associate Members
committee membership on all committees except the Nominating
6. Student Members
Committee.
Section 2 -Qualifications E. Associate Members shall not vote or hold office. They may hold com-
A. Members mittee membership on all Temporary Committees except the Nominat-
1. They shall be actively engaged in formation evaluation through ing Committee.
analysis of well logs and/or related well data; or actively engaged in F. Student Members shall not vote or hold office or hold membership on
the research, development, or application of fomiation evaluation any committee.
technology.
Section 4 - Election
2. They shall have a minimum of nine years professional experience in
A candidate for membership shall submit a formal application on a form
areas as defined in Article V, Section 2.A.1 above; however. each
authorized by the Board of Directors. The application shall be reviewed by the
year of the study of science or engineering at a university, college Membership Committee. The Membership Committee shall investigate the
or institute satisfactory to the Board of Directors, up to a maximum qualifications of each candidate and shall make recommendations for approval
of four years, may be counted as professional experience. to the Board of Directors. Election shall be declared on approval of the candi-
3. All charter members are Members. date by two-thirds of the Board of Directors.
B. Honorary Members Section 5 - Change of Classification
The Board of Directors may elect to honor Members who have The Board of Directors, generally at the request of the Membership Com-
made outstanding contributions to the cause or science of well log mittee, will change the classification of any member to conforni to his current
analysis by awarding them the classification of Honorary Member. qualifications. Change of occupation does not disqualify a member classifica-
C . Senior Members tion once approved.
Senior Member status may be granted by the Board of Directors at Section 6 -Reinstatement
the request of any Member or Associate Member who has attained the
Any former member desiring reinstatement to membership shall submit to
age of 60 and has been a member of the Corporation for a minimum 6f
the Vice President-Membership a letter stating his professional experience
15 years. since termination of membership. Dues for the current year plus a reinstate-
D. Junior Members ment charge of one-half the initiation fee shall accompany such letters. Rein-
1. They shall be actively engaged in formation evaluation through statement is accomplished after recommendation by the Membership
analysis of well logs and/or related well data; actively engaged in Committee and approval by two-thirds of the Board of Directors.
the research, development, or application of formation evaluation Section 7 - Ethics
technology.
All members must maintain the highest standards of business ethics, per-
2. They shall have a minimum of four years professional experience in sonal integrity, and a professional conduct. They shall conform to the Articles
areas as defined in Article V, Section 2.D.1 above; however, each of Incorporation and By-Laws of the corporation.
year of the study of science or engineering at a university, college
or institute satisfactory to the Board of Directors, up to a maximum Section 8 - Expulsions
of four years, may be counted as professional experience. Any member who, after due investigation, is found guilty of violating any
of the standards prescribed in Section 7 of this Article may be suspended, rep-
rimanded, allowed to resign, or expelled from the corporation by the Board of
Directors.

May-June 1999 The Log Analyst 237

 AP BLICAT10 N F0R MEMBERSHI P

$:Y,Societvo f Professional Well LOPAnalvsts

J J J U J
.&( 8866 GULF FREEWAY, SUITE 320. HOUSTON, TEXAS 77017 * (713) 947-8727 FAX (713) 947-7181

I I FOR MEMBERSHIP COMMITTEE USE

VISA 0 MASTERCARD 0

SEND INITIATION FEE AND DUES WITH APPLICATION

EXPIRES I
I[ NAME
DATE APPROVED BY COMMITTEE
NUMBER

Chapter Affiliation Desired:

(State Active Chapter)
I DATE ELECTED BY BOARD

MEMBERSHIP CLASSIFICATION

CREDIT APPLICATION TO: DATE ELIGIBLE FOR RECLASSIFICATION

(From Junior Member to Member)
(Print Reference Member's Full Name)

Member 0
A 1 desire admission into the Society of Professional Well Log Analysts. Inc., in class of
Junior 0
for which I am qualified by requirements of the SPWLA Amended Articles of Incorporations. Associate 0
I subscribe to the following record and if elected to any class will be governed by the Amended Articles of Incorporation and Bylaws
of the Society as long as I continue a member. I furthermore agree to promote the objects ofthe Society so far as shall be in my power.

I.
First Name Middle Name surname t h a c t l y BE to appcar on membership tenificac)

*.
9
Address lor Mail and Publications

3.
Cumpmy by Wlioni Presently Employed 'Area Code Offire Phone

4.
Addre\r ~ifC'ompany(ifdillerenl from Item 2'1 above t Phone Number Fax Number

5.
I h w Address (ifdifferent trom Item 2 above)

6.
Title of Your Current Position Name of S U ~ C N I S N

7.
wmer
Dale of Binh Citizenship

8.
College or University Lacntiun Dates Altrndcd

9.
Dxr of tiradudtion Hlghest Degree Major

Signature in Ink Dale

238 The Log Analyst M a y J u n e 1999

 Application for Membership

B PROFESSIONAL RECORD OF
Please Print Your Name

I Dates of Each
Position
XVE IN SEQUENCE AND IN COMPLETE DETAIL
game and location of Employer - Title of Position - Descriptions of duties, giving
:vidence of responsible work and use of independent judgement. For each position Time, Yrs.
From To ndicate experience with analysis of well logs or related data, or research, development,
Mo. Yr. Mo. Yr. md application of formation evaluation technology.

Total Years Work Experience

Total years of active practice

in formation evaluation technology.

REFERENCE (See instruction C on page 1 regarding the signature of a reference)

1. Yrs.
Print Name Membership Signature Known Applicant Classification
Number Recommended

Company Address

May-June 1999 The Log Analyst 239

 Application for Student Membership

( Society of Professional Well Log Analysts, Inc.

To the Board of Directors

Society of Profcssional Well Log Analysts, Inc.

FOR MEMBERSHIP COMMITTEE
8866 Gulf Frceway, Suite 320 Date Approved by Committee:
Houston, Texas USA 77017 Date Elected by Board:
Tclephone (713) 947-8717; Fax (713) 947-7181

Date:

I desire admission into the Society of Professional Well Log Analysts, Inc.. in the class of Student Member. for which I am qualified by rc-
quirements of the SPWLA Fifth Amended Articles of Incorporation. 1 am enclosing the sun1 of US $20 for the annual dues.
I subscribe to the following record, and if elected to membership, will be governed by the Fifth Amended Articles of Incorporation and By-
Laws of the Society for as long as I continue as member. I furthermore agree to promote the objectives of the Society so far as shall be i n my
power

Signature in ink
I.
Suniaine First name Middle namc Date of birth Srx
-.
I

Mailing address
3.
Telephone Fax
4.
Place of hirth
5.
College or university now attending Location Major subject
6.
Freshman Sophoniore Junior Senior Graduate Shident Expected date of degree
1st Year 2nd Ycar 3rd Year 4th Year
(Check one)

I.
Namc of faculty sponsor Title
8.
Sponsor’s mailing address
9.
Signature of sponsor Date
10.
Remarks by student

11.
Remarks by sponsor

Instructions
I , Student Members of the Society shall be a student in good standing enrolled in an undergraduate or graduate program at a recognized univer-
sity or college working toward an engineering, geoscience, or related degree. They shall not vote, hold office, or hold membership on any
committee in the parent organization. The annual dues for Student Members is US $20. There is no initiation fee.
2 . Thc objectives ofthe Society are to advance the science offormation evaluation through well logging and petrophysical techniques; to de-
velop the proper application of these techniqiics to the exploratioii for, and exploitation of. gas, oil. and other minerals; to disseminate infor-
mation relating to formation evaluation, log analysis, and associated technologies; and to inspire and maintain high standards ofprofessional
and ethical conduct on the part of its members professionally engaged in these endeavors.
3 . Understanding the above items ( 1 ) and (3).complete the application form with student and sponsor information and signatures. Send the ~ 0 1 1 1 -
plcled form to the above address.

240 The Log Analyst May-June 1999

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