Colegio de Dagupan School of Business and Accountancy Human Behavior in Organization

Colegio de Dagupan
School of Business and Accountancy

Human Behavior in Organization
MODULE 1: OVERVIEW OF ORGANIZATIONAL BEHAVIOR
Learning Outcomes:
At the end of this module, students are expected to:
1. Define Human behavior and Organizational behavior (OB)

2. Understand the benefits of studying OB
3. Discuss the brief history of OB
4. Relate the ethics with OB
What is Human Behavior?

Human behavior refers to the physical actions of a person reflective of his behaviors.
These actions maybe similar or different when he is in or out of organizations.
Human behavior in organizations is referred to as organizational behavior.
What is Organizational Behavior?

Organizational behavior is defined as the study of human behavior in organization, of
the interaction between individuals and the organization, and of the organization itself.
Goals of OB
1. To explain behavior
2. To predict behavior
3. To control behavior
Elements of OB
1. People
- Consisting of individual persons and groups.
- Either formal or informal group.
2. Structure
- Defines the formal relationship of people in the organization
- Describes how job tasks are formally divided.
3. Technology
- Refers to the combination of resources, knowledge, and techniques which
affects the task that they perform.
4. Environment
- Refers to the forces outside the organization that potentially affect the
organization’s performance.
The Benefits of Studying Organizational Behavior
1. Development of people skills

- The skill in doing his work and skill in relating with people.
2. Personal growth
- Knowledge of the behavior of others will help the person understand his own
behavior.
3. Enhancement of organizational and individual effectiveness
- Knowledge of OB is very useful in making the right decisions, where
effectiveness follows.
4. Sharpening and refinement of common sense
- Improvements in this type of ability can be made and great benefits can be
derived.
A Brief History of Organizational Behavior
The origins of OB can be traced to the following:
1. The human relations approach

a. The scientific management approach
b. The human relations approach
2. The personality theories
a. Freud’s model
b. The behaviorist approach
c. The humanist approach
Frederick W. Taylor
- A well-known disciple of the scientific management movement.

- The primary purpose of scientific management was the application of
scientific methods to increase the individual worker’s productivity.
Elton Mayo
- Conducted the Hawthorne studies which determined the effect of hours of

work, periods of rests and lighting have on worker fatigue and productivity.
- Discovered that the social environment have an equal if not greater effect on
productivity than the physical environment.
- Concluded that social interaction is a factor for increased productivity.
Sigmund Freud
- Brought the idea that people are motivated by more than conscious logical
reasoning.
- Believed that irrational motives in the subconscious mind determines the
majority of people’s behavior.
Behaviorist Approach
- J. B Watson formulated the theory about learned behavior. It indicates that

a person can be trained to behave according to the wish of the trainer.
- B. F Skinner has his theory on behavior modification. It concludes that when
people receive a positive stimulus for what they have done, they will repeat
their behavior and when they receive no response to the action, they will not
repeat it.
- Carl Rogers focused on the person as an individual instead of a rigid
methodology. He believes that people should acquire their own values and
attitudes rather than be committed to a fixed set of prescribed goals.
- Fritz Perl’s contribution is the Gestalt psychology. The object is to integrate
conflicting needs into an organized whole, in which all parts of a person work
together towards growth and development.
- Abraham Maslow’s model espouses the idea of developing the personality
toward the ultimate achievement of human potential. To achieve this
objective, the person must work his way up the succeeding steps of a
hierarchy of needs. This process is referred to as self-actualization.
Ethics and Organizational Behavior
Ethics refers to the set of moral choices a person makes based on what he or she ought
to do.
Organizational ethics are moral principles that define right or wrong behavior in
organizations.
Ethical behavior is a behavior that is accepted as morally “good” and “right” as opposed
to “bad” and “wrong”.
What constitutes right and wrong behavior in organization is determined by:
1. The public
2. The interest groups
3. Organizations
4. The individual’s personal moral and values
Ethical Issues
1. Conflict of interest
- Conflict exists when a person is in the position of having to decide whether to
advance the interests of the organization or to operate in his or her own
personal interests.
2. Fairness and honesty
- Ethical behavior demands that beyond obeying the law, they should not
knowingly harm customers, clients, and competitors.
3. Communication
- Organizations that provide false and misleading information about their
products and services.
4. Relationships within the organization
- People can become victim of organizations that provide false and misleading
information about their products and services.

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Colegio de Dagupan

School of Business and Accountancy

MODULE 1: OVERVIEW OF ORGANIZATIONAL BEHAVIOR

At the end of this module, students are expected to:

1. Define Human behavior and Organizational behavior (OB)

What is Human Behavior?

What is Organizational Behavior?

The Benefits of Studying Organizational Behavior

1. Development of people skills

A Brief History of Organizational Behavior

The origins of OB can be traced to the following:

1. The human relations approach

- A well-known disciple of the scientific management movement.

- Conducted the Hawthorne studies which determined the effect of hours of

- J. B Watson formulated the theory about learned behavior. It indicates that

Ethics and Organizational Behavior

What constitutes right and wrong behavior in organization is determined by:

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