23 Marking scheme: Worksheet (A2)

1 Electric field strength is the force per unit charge at that point. [1]
The potential at a point is the work that must be done to bring unit charge
from infinity to that point. [1]
V V
2 a E= ,d= [1]
d E
5000
d= = 1.25 × 10–2 m ≈ 1.3 cm [1]
400 000
b F = EQ = 400 000 × 1.6 × 10–19 N [1]
F = 6.4 × 10–14 N [1]
Q 1 1
3 E= so k = =
4 πε 0 r 2
4 πε0 4π × 8.85 × 10 −12
k = 8.99 × 109 m F–1 ≈ 9.0 × 109 m F–1 [1]
1
4 The force between the charges obeys an inverse square law with distance; that is, F ∝ [1]
r2
Point B: The distance is the same. The force between the charges is F. [1]
Point C: The distance is doubled, so the force decreases by a factor of 4. [1]
F
The force between the charges is . [1]
4
Point D: The distance is trebled, so the force decreases by a factor of 32 = 9. [1]
F
The force between the charges is . [1]
9
Point E: The distance between the charges is 8 R. [1]
The force between the charges decreases by a factor
of ( 8 ) 2 = 8 [1]
F
The force between the charges is . [1]
8
Q
5 a E= [1]
4 πε 0 r 2
2.5 × 10 −6
E= [1]
4 π × 8.85 × 10 −12 × 0.15 2
E = 9.99 × 105 V m–1 ≈ 1.0 × 106 V m–1 [1]
b The distance from the centre of the dome increases by a factor of 3.
The electric field strength decreases by a factor of 32 = 9. [1]
1.0 × 10 6
Therefore E = = 1.1 × 104 V m–1 [1]
9

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 23 Marking scheme: Worksheet (A2)
Q
6 a i E= [1]
4 πε 0 r 2
20 × 10 −6 80
E= −12 2
(r = = 40 cm) [1]
4 π × 8.85 × 10 × 0.40 2
E = 1.124 × 106 V m–1 ≈ 1.1 × 106 V m–1 [1]
40 × 10 −6
ii E = [1]
4 π × 8.85 × 10 −12 × 0.40 2
E = 2.248 × 106 V m–1 ≈ 2.2 × 106 V m–1 [1]
(The electric field doubles because the charge is doubled, E ∝ Q.)

b Net field strength, E = 2.2 × 106 – 1.1 × 106 = 1.1 × 106 V m–1 [1]
The direction of the electric field at X is to the left. [1]
7 a Q = V × 4πεor = 20 000 × 4 × π × 8.85 × 10−12 × 0.15 [1]
Q = 3.3 × 10–7 C [1]
kQ 9.0 ×10 9 × 3.3 ×10 −7
b E = 2 = [1]
r 0.15 2
= 1.32 × 10 V m–1 ≈ 1.3 × 105 V m–1
5
[1]
c F = eV = 1.6 × 10−19 × 1.32 × 105 [1]
F = 2.11 × 10−14 N ≈ 2.1 × 10−14 N [1]

Q kQ 9.0 × 109 × − 2000 × 10−9

8 a V= = = ([1] mark only if minus sign omitted) [2]
4 πε 0 r r 5 × 10− 2
V = 3.6 × 105 J C–1 =360 kV [1]
9 Similarities
• Both produce radial fields. [1]

1
• Both obey an inverse square law with distance; that is, F ∝ . [1]
r2
• The field strengths are defined as force per unit (positive) charge or mass. [1]
• Both produce action at a distance. [1]
Differences
• Electrical forces can be either attractive or repulsive, whereas gravitational forces are
always attractive. [1]
• Gravitational forces act between masses, whereas electrical forces act between charges. [1]

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 23 Marking scheme: Worksheet (A2)

10 The electric field strength due to the charge +Q is equal in magnitude but opposite in direction
to the electric field strength due to the charge +3Q. [1]
Therefore:
Q 3Q
= (where R is the distance between the charges = 10 cm) [1]
4 πε 0 x 2
4 πε 0 ( R − x) 2
1 3
2
= [1]
x ( R − x) 2
R−x
so = 3 [1]
x
R
x(1 + 3)=R so x= = 0.37 R [1]
1+ 3
x = 0.37 × 10 = 3.7 cm [1]
e 2 4πε 0 r 2
11 ratio = (where m = mass of proton and r = separation) [2]
Gm 2 r 2
e2
ratio = [1]
4 πε 0 Gm 2
The r2 terms cancel and so this ratio is independent of the separation. [1]
(1.6 × 10−19 ) 2
ratio = [1]
4 π × 8.85 × 10 −12 × 6.67 × 10−11 × (1.7 × 10 −27 ) 2
ratio ≈ 1.2 × 1036 [1]

Q1Q2 9 1.6 × 10 −19 × 1.6 × 10 −19

12 a F= = 9 × 10 × [1]
4 πε 0 r 2 (10 −15 ) 2
= 230 N [1]
Q 1.6 × 10 −19
b V= = 9 × 109 × [1]
4 πε 0 r 10 −15
= 1.44 × 106 V [1]
c W = VQ = 1.44 × 106 × 1.6 × 10–19 [1]
= 2.3 × 10–13 J [1]
1 2 2W
d mv = W ⇒ v2 = [1]
2 m
2 × 2.3 × 10 −13
v2 = = 2.7 × 10–14 [1]
1.7 × 10 − 27
v = 2.7 × 10−14 = 1.6 × 107 m s–1 [1]

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