CAMBRIDGE INTERNATIONAL AS & A LEVEL PHYSICS: COURSEBOOK

Exam-style questions and sample answers have been written by the authors. In examinations, the way marks are awarded
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Coursebook answers
Chapter 25
Exam-style questions  he force is proportional to the velocity of
T
the electron in a magnetic field but does not
1 C[1] depend on the velocity of the electron in an
2 The force is at right angles to the velocity v[1] electric field.[1]
a nd does no work on the electron, since 6 a  i   The electron is charged. or A moving
work = force × distance moved in the charge is the equivalent of a current.
direction of the force.[1] [1]
As no work is done on the electron, the kinetic The magnetic field of the moving
energy of the electron is constant, as is its charge interacts with the uniform
speed.[1] magnetic field.[1]
1 ii The electron ionises atoms as it moves
3  mv2 = eV = e × 1600[1]
2 and loses (kinetic) energy.[1]
mv The speed v of the electron decreases
r = [1]
Be mv
and the radius r decreases as r =  BQ .
e 2V 3200  [1]
= 2 2 = [1]
me B r 0.017 × (8 × 10 −3 )2
2
 = Bev = 0.25 × 1.6 × 10−19 × 1.0 × 107
b i F
= 1.73 × 1011 ≈ 1.7 × 1011 C kg−1[1] [1]
mass of α-particle = 4.0 × 10−13 N[1]
ratio =
4 a  =
mass of β-particle mv 2 9.11 × 10 −31 × (1.0 × 107 )2
ii r = F
= 4.0 × 10 −13
 [1]
4 × 1.67 × 10 −27
[1] = 2.278 × 10−4 ≈ 2.3 × 10−4 m[1]
9.11× 10 −31
ratio = 7333 ≈ 7300[1] i   Quarter of a circle linking exit and
7 a 
charge on α-particle 3.2 × 10 −19
b ratio = = entry points[1]
charge on β-particle 1.6 × 10 −19
[1] Force at right angles to the circle
marked at two points[1]
ratio = 2.0[1]
Both forces towards the centre of
force on α-particle the circle (top right-hand corner of
c ratio = ; force = BQv ∝ square)[1]
force on β-particle
Q[1] source
ratio = ratio of charges = 2.0[1]
region of proton
r mαQβ 7333 magnetic field
d ratio = α = = [1]
rβ mβQα 2.0
ratio = 3666 ≈ 3700[1]
proton
detector
5 T
 he force is always at right angles to the
direction of the magnetic field and is in the
same direction (or the reverse) in an electric
field.[1]
ii Into the plane of the paper [1]

Cambridge International AS & A Level Physics – Sang, Jones, Chadha & Woodside
1 © Cambridge University Press 2020
 CAMBRIDGE INTERNATIONAL AS & A LEVEL PHYSICS: COURSEBOOK

V 500
F = BQv = 0.25 × 1.6 × 10−19 × 4.0 × 106
b i  E = = = 1.0 × 104 V m−1[1]
d 5.0 × 10 −2
= 1.6 × 10−13 N[1] E 1.0 × 10 4
mv 2 1.67 × 10 −27 × ( 4.0 × 106 )2 B = = = 5.3 × 10−4 T[1]
ii r = = [1] V 1.88 × 107
F 1.6 × 10 −33
= 0.167 ≈ 0.17 m[1] mv 2
10 a  = BQv[1]
r
c  he direction of the magnetic field is
T mv 1.67 × 10 −27 × 1.0 × 106
r = = [1]
reversed.[1] BQ 6.0 × 10 −5 × 1.6 × 10 −19
The magnetic field is reduced in strength. r = 174 ≈ 170 m[1]
[1]
b T
 wo paths shown, both circles or parts
i   Diagram showing − on right side
8 a 
of circles of different radius[1]
and + on left side[1]
Radius of helium nucleus is roughly twice
Force on moving charges in magnetic
as large as radius of proton (354 m)[1]
field[1]
Left-hand rule explained[1]
ii Force due to electric field or charges
on sides cancels magnetic force[1] 354 m
174 m
b L
 arger number density of charge carriers
[1]
Smaller drift velocity[1]
Same charge flow per second but larger
number of charge carriers[1] radius of path of proton radius of path of helium nucleus
Smaller Hall voltage[1]
11 a – – – –
Smaller force on each charge carrier due
to lower drift velocity needs a smaller
electric field to cancel force due to
magnetic field[1]
V
i   The electron has a negative charge
9 a 
and is in an electric field.[1]
The electric field from the plates
is downwards and the electron is i The opposite face to the one
negative, so there is a constant force marked X[1]
upwards.[1]
ii Between X and the opposite face[1]
ii 
A (small) spot is formed on the
screen at the same point.[1] b E
 lectrons move until the magnetic force
(Bev) is equal to the electric force  eVdH [1]
The vertical deflection for all the eVH  
electrons in the electric field is the Bev = so VH = Bvd[1]
d
same, therefore, they all must have I
the same speed.[1] I = nAve or v = [1]
nAe
b 12 mv2 = e × Vac[1] BdI BI
VH = Bvd = = [1]
nAe nte
i 
c  Into the plane of the paper/page[1]
I
ii Bev = eE[1] c v=
i 
E nAe
v = [1] =
B 0.04
1 8.5 × 10 × 3.0 × 10 × 9 × 10 −3 × 1.6 × 10 −19
28 −5
iii  mv2 = e × Vac
2  [1]
so, v = ( 2 × 1000 × 1.76 × 1011 [1] = 1.1 × 10−5 m s−1[1]
= 1.88 × 107 ≈ 1.9 × 107 m s−1[1]

Cambridge International AS & A Level Physics – Sang, Jones, Chadha & Woodside
2 © Cambridge University Press 2020
 CAMBRIDGE INTERNATIONAL AS & A LEVEL PHYSICS: COURSEBOOK

ii VH = ii 
Hall voltage VH or value calculated is
BI 0.60 × 0.04 very small with metal[1]
= [1] Semiconductor has smaller value of n
nte 8.5 × 10 × 3.0 × 10 −5 × 1.6 × 10 −19
28
so larger Hall voltage VH[1]
= 5.9 × 10−8 V[1]
e E
 lectrons are forced in opposite direction
I
iii v = when strip is rotated through 180°[1]
nAe
VH is maximum when plane and B-field
percentage uncertainty = 1.3 + 0.2 +
are normal to each other or VH is zero/
(2.5 + 3.0) = 7.0%[1]
minimum when plane and B-field are
d i Electrons move faster.[1] parallel to each other or Voltmeter
Larger magnetic force so larger voltage reading or VH depends on sine of angle
(or electric field) is needed to repel between plane and B-field[1]
them or obtain equilibrium[1]

Cambridge International AS & A Level Physics – Sang, Jones, Chadha & Woodside
3 © Cambridge University Press 2020