EXAMPLES-2.4: (1.) Rectangular Section

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EXAMPLES-2.

(1.) RECTANGULAR SECTION

Q1. A rectangular cannel 5.4 m wide and 1.2 m deep has a slope of 1 in 1,000 and is lined with good
rubble masonry for which n=0.017. It is desired to increase the discharge to maximum by
changing the channel slope or to form a most efficient section. Dimensions of the section may be
changed but the channel must contain the same amount of lining. Compute the new dimensions
and the probable increase in discharge.

Solution:-
With original dimesions,
1 2 /3 1 /2
Q 1= A R S n= 0.017 S=¿ 1/1000 = 0.001
n
Flow area, A=By = 5.4 x 1.2 = 6.48 m2,
Wetted perimeter, P=B+2 y=5.4 + ( 2 x 12 ) = 7.8 m.
A 6.48
Hydraulic radius, R= = = 0.83 m
P 7.8
1
Therefore discharge, Q 1=6.48 x x ( 0.83 )2 /3 ( 0.001 )1/ 2= 10.65 m3/s (Ans).
0.017
For the new Channel
Let B = bottom width, and y= depth of flow. For the same amount of lining as in the previous
case; wetted perimeter: P=B+2 y = 7.8 m. ……(i)
Also for the maximum discharge B=2 y ……..(ii)
Solving these two simultaneous equations: substitute eqn (ii) in (i). Thus, 2 y+ 2 y = 7.8, and so

7.8
4 y = 7.8 where, y= = 1.95 m. Hence eqn (ii) becomesB=2 y ¿ 2 x 1.95 = 3.9 m
4.0
Flow area, A=By=¿ 3.9 x 1.952 = 7.605 m2,
Wetted perimeter, P=B+2 y = 7.8 m (supposed to remain as previous).
A 7.605
Hydraulic radius, R= = = 0.975 m
P 7.8
1
Therefore discharge, Q 2=7.605 x x ( 0.975 )2 /3 ( 0.001 )1/ 2= 13.91 (Ans).
0.017
The probable increase in discharge,∆ Q=( Q 2−Q 2 ) =13.91−10.65 = 3.26 m3/s (Ans)

1
(2.) TRAPEZOIDAL SECTION

Summary: -
For the most efficient section of a trapezoidal channel to give maximum dischargeone of the
following conditions must be satisfied:-
1
(i) Half top width = Sloping side (i.e. T =l).
2
1
(ii) Hydraulic radius = Half of depth of flow (i.e. R= y ).
2
(iii) Perpendiculars drawn from the centre of top width, to the bottom and sloping sides, are
all equal; and
(iv) The sides of the channel must be at an angle of 60o for given depth of channel.

 NB:- For the bottom width to be kept constant,

y=B .
( 1 –z z )
2 ………………………..
3
(iii)
Q1. A trapezoidal channel of the most efficient cross-section carries a discharge of 15 m /s. at a slope
of 1 in 400. Design the channel, taking Manning’s n as 0.025.

Solution:-
A trapezoidal channel of the most efficient c/s is half-hexagon: side slope = tan60 o such that

1
z=¿ = 0.577.
√3
B+ 2 zy
Also for the least cost, half of the top width = sloping side; i.e. = y √ z2 +1 which, when
2

solving for B, we have: B=2 y ( √ z2 +1−z ).

Now, substituting the value for z: B=2 y ( √ ( 0.577 )2 +1−0.577 ) or B=1.155 y

The c/s area of flow, A=( B+ zy ) y =[ (1.155 y ) +0.577 y ] y=1.732 y 2


1
Again the hydraulic radius R= y , for an efficient (or economical) section.
2
Using Manning’s formul:
1
Where, n=¿ 0.025; S= =0.0025 and Q=15 m3/s
400
2
1 1
v= R2 /3 S 1/ 2= ( 0.5 y )2/ 3 ( 0.0025 )1/2 =1.26 y 2/ 3
n 0.025
Thus, Q= Av ===== 15 = ( 1.732 y 2 )( 1.26 y 2 /3 ) =1.182 y 8 /3
3/ 8
15
Therefore, y= ( 2.182 ) = 2.06 m (Ans)

(3.) TRIANGULAR SECTION

Q2. An channel open is V-shaped each side being inclined at 45 o to the vertical. If it carries a discharge
of 0.04 m3/s, when the depth of flow at the centre is 22.5 cm, calculate the slope of the channel
assuming that Chezy’s C = 50 .

Solution:-
Given: - Discharge, Q = 0.04 m3/s; flow depth, y = 22.5 cm = 0.225 m; Chezy’s constant, C = 50;
and Angle of the sides with the vertical,θ=45o (hence the channel is of an economical section) ;
1 1
Therefore hydraulic radius, R= y= x 0.225 = 0.07955 m
2 √2 2 √2
Flow c/s area, A= y 2 tanθ = y 2 tan 45 o = y 2= ( 0.225 )2 = 0.05063 m2

Q= Av= A . C √ RS , on substitution we get: 0.04=0. 05063 x 50 √ 0.07955 x S


2
0.04
0.07955 x S= (
0. 05063 x 50 )
=¿ 2.497 x 10-4.

2.497 x 10−4
Thus, S= =¿0.00314 (Ans)
0.07955

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