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Main books of shiite rijal science:
Main books of shiite rijal science:
Rijal science is: the science that talks about conditions that we accept the
narrator`s speechs under thoese conditions.
in the other words:
Rijal science
is divided into two parts.
One of them:
Apparent recognition. means: name, nickname, etc.
Another: inner
recognition. means: Inherent descriptions like:
The credibility or
eulogy of
narrators or lack of it.
Introducing the main sources of shiits rijal:
The standard of valuing of hadith narraters
and Discovering their credit rating is One of the measure of validation tools of
hadith in shiit sources.
Therefore, the Shiite scholars are paying attention to
Behavior and Speech of
hadiths narraters And counted it one of the necessary preconditions for finding
authentic narratives.
Valid books _in rijal science_ are mainly some of the old and original
compilation.
1.
Rijal_al_kash’shi
: Abu amr muhammad bin umar bin abdul_aziz(
The author of this book)
He is One of the most reliable and prestigious scholars of Imamiyah that he had
full awareness about hadith and rijal.
Although he narrated from zaeef[1]
narrators of the hadith. _Najashi restate it_ And his book contained many mistakes.
But he had a healthy and religious thought away from the inclination and deviation.
His book was named: “ikhtyar_ma`refat_al_rijal” known as: “Rijal
Al_kash`shi”
Which contains a lot of scientific information about recognition of narrators and
their credit degree and historical conditions in time of imams and narrators age.
This book has two main features:
A.
Kash’shi in this book _In addition to the affirmation of
credibility of some of the narrators_ has mentined
Various narration and information about their specifications. So Has been provided
a better foundation for recognizing of narrators credit.
B. The author arranged in his book the age of the Messenger of Allah (PBUH), from
the time of Imam Hasan Askari, in six Tabaqah[2]
And mentioned the specifications of the narrators from each tabaqah.
2. Rijal_al_najashi
: ahmad bin ali bin ahmad bin abbas the auther of Rijal najashi book.
The author of Rijal Najashi book is one of the most well-known and skillful
Rejalians in Rijal science.
He is a scholar of the fifth century AH.
The name al-Najashi comes from his ancestor, 'Abd Allah, who governed over Ahwaz
and was famous as al-Najash
.
Ahmad bin ali najashi was
One of the most distinguished students of Sheikh Mofid, “muhammad bin
muhammad bin numan”.
He was a contemporary with two famous and excellent students of Sheikh Mofid,
means: “Seyyed Morteza” and “Sheikh Toosi”. Rijal Najashi
is considered as one of the most important compilation of Rijāl science by Shiite
scholars.
the author of this book mentioned 1269 total titles, both the name and nickname.
some of them in great detail and other, briefly.
In many cases, he refered to the books that
The name of those books displays their content.
The author’s focus _in this book_ is on Providing a strong and (partly)
comprehensive source about compilations of hadith narrators.
With
Introducing the owners of books and offering The tariq to them. ‍
Some of the features of Rijal Najashi
A.
This book has been assigned to writers of Shiit’s usool[3]
.
The book is written as response to the insults and
Ignorant humiliations of Opponents of the Shiite religion and
raised the place of Muhaddesin
[4]
and narrators of
Shi 'a By collecting the list of their books.
And registered the name of many of the compilations and the usool owners, Exposing
to the public, especially to Shia’s Opponents.
Rijal najashi is more strong, perfect and capable than other rijal compilations
Due to the dominance over the rijal science, compilations of narrators,
Muhaddesin
and the book owners. So in comparison with other Rijal books has a special feature.
C: Najashi was older than Sheikh Toosi, But He paid close attention to two books of
Sheikh: “Alfehrest and rijal” for writing and setting the book of
Rijal, he got benefit from information in those two books, especially
“al’fehrest”.
Hence, this book is in a better position than other books due to scientific
richness
.
D: there were strong scholars in rijal science at the Najashi age, like:
“Ahmad bin muhammad bin marvan Aljundi” and “Ahmad bin Ali bin
nooh Alsirafi” and “Alhussain bin ubaidullah Alqazaeri” And
“Abu Alfaraj muhammad bin ali bin jacob bin isaac Alkatib” known az:
“ibn nadim” As the privileged professors and masters of Mr. Najashi
_that they transmitted the legacy of the rijal science from the past to that time_
helped najashi and empowered him in his ejtihadat (sum of ijtihad[5]
)
E:
The author mentioned tousiq[6]
of some of the owners of the book in the biographies of other book and asl[7]
owners. Whether or not a
Biography
has been mentioned for reliable person like: shahab bin abd_e_rabbih, amr bin
minhal alqeisy, muhammad bin hamam bin suhail iskafi, hassan bin ulvan alkalbi and
some others.
3. sheikh toosi`s Alfehrest
:
The auther of this book is “
Sheikh al’taefah” muhammad bin hassan toosi. In This book _that is one
of the sources of Rijal Najashi_ has been mentioned
A list of Shiite narrators who have the asl or the book and compilation.
Sheikh named 912 hadith narrators who narrate from imams (peace be upon them), most
of them with principles(asl), books or compilations.
Some others have no compilations, but only some narrations have been remained of
them and Sheikh mentioned his Sanad[8]
and tariq[9]
to those usool[10]
and compilations and narrations.
The Features of Fehrest Book:
1.
All The owners of the Usool or books that have been mentioned by Sheikh Toosi in
this book, are Shiites. Some of them are “isna ashari”[11]
and another group are other Shiite sects, like zeidiah[12]
, fatahiah[13]
,
Kisaniah[14]
, waqefiah[15]
.
2.
In this book, Sheikh Toosi mentioned his own tariq[16]
to usool, books, compilation, Masaeel[17]
and hadiths of narrators.
3.
Sheikh toosi mentioned in “tahzib al,usool” the narrations of books and
“usool” that didn`t mention his “tariq” to them,
Not in the text of the book, nor in the end of the book in “mashikhah”
[18]
But he mentioned his “tariq” in “Fehrest” book.
So those hadiths don`t have “ir,sal”[19]
but
are considered “mus,nad”
[20]
The other and most important benefit of this action is that: Sometimes the
mentioned “Tariq” in “Tahzib” was Zaeef[21]
and untrue, But in “Fehrest” book is qavi[22]
or sahih[23]
. this point causes that weakness(zaaf) of narrative in sanad is being resolved.
Also causes Validation and Acceptance of hadith and causes that hadith will be In
the ranks of evidence of Ahkam(Adellah al’ahkam).
4.
Rijal toosi:
In this book, sheikh toosi
m
entioned the names of the Companions of the Prophet And eleven Imams (pbuth) after
him and sort them by
time,
From commander of the faithfull(Amir_al_moumenin) to imam hassan Askari(pbuh).
Sheihk_
is understood from the introduction of this book_
emphasized that narrators should be Muslim to bring them in this book, without
attending to religious tendency for choosing a narrator.
then mentioned all their sub-collections If their name was access, whether they are
believers, punk, imami, sunni, etc.
For example sheikh mentioned
The third caliphs, “Muawiyah bin abi sufyan” and “amr ibn_e_
aas” in
the Companions of the Prophet.
Also “ubaidullah bin ziyad” and his father “ziyad bin abih”
in companions of Amir_al_muemenin and “mansoor dawaniqi” in companions
of imam sadiq (pbuh).
Therefore, bringing the narrator 's name in this book, doesn’t mean that he
is an Imami person. Of course, maybe we can say that, according to the introduction
that Sheikh Toosi mentioned in the beginning of this book.
The first principle about the people who have been mentioned in this book is:
Imamiyah or at least Shia
.
so being a narrator sunni, should be proved by evidence and other obvious reasons.
5.
Rijal al_barghi
Among Rijal scholars, it is known that this book belongs to “Ahmad ibn
Muhammad bin Khalid al-Barqi”. Some know this book as compiled by his father,
“Mohammed bin Khalid Al’barghi” And
Someone else 's opinion:
The author of the book is the son of Ahmad Barghi, “Abdullah ibn Ahmad ibn
Muhammad bin Khalid barghi”, or his grandson, “Ahmad ibn Abdullah ibn
Ahmad braghi”.
In any case, the comopilation method of this book is like Rijal Toosi.
In this book, narrators’s name has been collected from companions of the
Prophet (s) of Allah (PBUH & HP) to the companions of Imam Hassan Askari (peace be
upon him), respectively.
Sheikh Toosi, referred to only a book, entitled: “Tabaqat Al-Rijal”_
About Rijal Science_
When mentioned the
compilations of “Ahmad ibn Muhammad bin Khalid barghi, But Mr. Najashi _when
wrote ahmad`s biography and named his books_ refers to two books, titled: Tabaqat
book and Rijal Book.
The exist book from barghi, mostly matches with first title, means “Tabaqat
book”. At the end of “rijal barghi” is created a section, titled:
“Names of the deniers on Abu Bakr”. And has been mentioned names of
twelve companions of the Prophet, PBUH, six from “Muhajerin[24]
” and six from “Ansar[25]
”.
6.
Abu qalib zurary treatise:
The author of this book is “Abu Ghalib Ahmad ibn Muhammad ibn Muhammad
Zurari” the descendants of “Bukair bin Aa’yin”. He was born
in 285 and died in 368 A.H.
He wrote this collection for his grandson, Muhammad b. Abdullah ibn Abi Qalib
Zarari.
In this compilation, Abu Ghalib _after addressing his affiliation and quoting a
biography and a history of their lives And preaching to his grandson_ refers to the
Toroq(sum of tariq[26]
) of the book owners and the usool(sum of Asl[27]
). This compilation is one of the main sources and valid compilation of Shi 'a
Rijal.
7.
mashikhah[28]
of Sadoogh
:
The author of this book is “Mohammed bin Ali ibn al-Hussein ibn Musa bin
Babuyah Qomi”, known as “Sheikh Sadooq”. Who was born in 306 AH
with the prayers of Imam Mahdi Aj
and died in 381 AH.
He quotes the narrations in “Man la yahzuruhu al’faqih[29]
” book
without full sanad and only refers to one or more narrators of last of
“sanad”, Unlike Sheikh Kulleini, in the kafi book. Because he mentioned
narratives mostly with full sanad[30]
, Except a few of them.
Sheikh sadooq mentioned his tariqs to those narrations in mashikhah _a part at the
end of the book_ So access to sanad of “Alfaqih” narrations Obtained
after reference to mashikhah of this book.
8. mashikhah of sheikh toosi is in two books: Tahzib and Estebsar
Sheikh Toosi, began the sanad of narratives in these two books, with the names of
the owners of the asl and tasnif[31]
and because of long time between them, he mentioned his tariq to them in mashikhah
that has published in the last of those two books, means:
Tahzib and Estebsar
.
9. Rijal ibn qazaeri
:
The name of this book is known as Rijal ibn qazaeri among the Rijal scholars. so
Who is the author of this book? There is a difference between scholars of Rijal
science,unlike Rijal Najashi and Sheikh Toosi, Whom the author is certain,
The jurisprudent and contemporary rijali, Ayatollah Sobhani believes that the
author of this book is “Ahmad ibn Hussain ibn ubaidullah qazaeri” the
son of “Hussain ibn ubaidullah qazaeri” - the professor of, Mr. Najashi
-
According to the search and investigation that this jurisprudent has done, for
understanding the
Rijal ibn qazairi we must understand The book of Ahmad bin Tavoos called: Hal`lul
ishkal means: solving the problems.
He collected five main books of Rijal: Rijal Najashi, Rijal Tusi, Sheikh Toosi 's
fehrest, Rijal Kash’shi and Al-zuafa _Which is attributed to Ibn al-qazaeri_
in one place.
The sect of “al-zu 'afa”[32]
is written by two of his famous students,” Allameh Helli” and
“Ibn Dawud”, in two books: “khulasah al-aQwal” and
“Rijal ibn-dawud”. In recent centuries, this book has been revived by
Sheikh Mola Enayatullah quhpayee. he brought
Hal`lul ishkal book
in “Majma’ul`Rijal” as part of this book.
The difference between the “Rijal” and “Fehrest” books:
The purpose of the compilation of Rijal books is to express the Tabaqah[33]
of the companions of the Imams (as) But the main purpose of writing the Fehrest
books is to mention the usool books and the compilations and the names of their
authors.
[1]
When one or more narrators are rejected in the Tariq
[2]
The narrator 's position in the Sanad
[3]
.(“usool” is sum of “asl”. And “asl” is a book
that Has been gathered only the hadiths in it)
[4]
A person who narrates from prophet or imams.
[5]
The ability to use
specific
methods to extract the subjects.
[6]
trust and confidence in promise and action of
the narrators
[7]
is a book that Has been gathered only hadiths in it.
[8]
Includes at least one ring of narrators for Expression of a person 's book
[9]
A number of narrators that have been narrated their books by sheikh toosi
[10]
sum of asl And “asl” is a book that Has been gathered only hadiths in
it
[11]
a sect of shia who believe in 12 imams
[12]
bilieve in zeid bin ali bin alhussain_pbuh_ imamate. So they believe in 4 imams
[13]
who bilieve in 12 imams also believe in “abdullah bin jaafar al_aftah”
imamate after his father imam sadiq _pbuh_. So they believe in 13 imams
[14]
who bilieve in muhammad alhanafiah imamate after imam hussain pbuh
[15]
who believe in 7 imams. So they bilieve that imam kazim _pbuh_ didn`t die and he is
Al_qaem means: “MAHDI”
[16]
A group of narrators that have been narrated their books by sheikh toosi
[17]
Collection of Asked Questions
[18]
The place of reference of the sheikhs(Scientific scholars of Hadith)
and professors who have cited their ways
[19]
The narrator can`t narrate from next narrator Whether due to lack of understanding
of time or lack of understanding of his place
[20]
when all narrators are exsist in sanad
[21]
When one or more narrators are rejected in the Tariq
[22]
an hadith that its narrators are imami and mamdouh or praised
[23]
an hadith that its narrators are imami and confidence
[24]
Muslims who were under the pressure of pagans so immigrated to Medina.
[25]
They were from Medina, who placed Mecca Muslims in their homes.
[26]
A number of narrators that Abu qalib has narrated their books
[27]
a book that Has been gathered only hadiths in it.
[28]
The place of reference of the sheikhs(Scientific scholars of Hadith)
and professors who have cited their ways.
[29]
Someone who does not have the jurisprudence
[30]
[30]
Includes at least one ring of narrators for Expression of a person 's book
[31]
is a book that Has been gathered hadiths and auther writing in it
[32]
Means: weakness narrators.
[33]
The narrator 's position in the Sanad

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