cussons Thermodynamics

TECHNOLOGY
P9005 TWO SHAFT GAS TURBINE UNIT

EXPERIMENTAL CAPABILITY
Allows an extensive programme of experiments in Gas
Turbine technology including:
 Performance of a simulated single shaft unit
 Performance of a single shaft unit with nozzle simulated
load (with thrust nozzle option - availability on request).
 Performance of a two shaft unit
 Characteristics of individual components
- Gas generator compressor
- Combustion chamber characteristics
- Power turbine characteristics
- Gas Generator Turbine Efficiency
- Overall Plant Efficiency

FEATURES
 Self-contained complete teaching facility
 Designed for safe easy operation with low noise levels
 Data logging option available for all measured variables
 Comprehensive controls and instrumentation displayed
in multi-colour flow diagram

INTRODUCTION
Gas turbines are becoming increasingly used as power Particular features of the Two Shaft Gas Turbine Unit are its
plants for a wide variety of applications around the world. versatility, ease of operation, safety and low noise level. All
Originally they were developed solely for aircraft propulsion instrumentation and controls are carried on the panel which
where their inherent low specific weight (i.e. mass/unit
displays the flow diagram with a clear indication of all
power) made them essential for high speed flight. For this
measurements identified by symbols and illuminated tell-
particular purpose they have been developed to a high
degree of efficiency both thermodynamically and tales. Measurement of power turbine torque is by calibrated
mechanically. electrical dynamometer.

Due partly to the impetus from the aircraft engine field and GENERAL DESIGN
also to other significant operational advantages, industrial The Two Shaft Gas Turbine employs a centrifugal compressor
gas turbines have been and are being developed for such
and a radial turbine, arranged back to back on a common
diverse applications as electrical power peak lopping
shaft which together with a gas-fuelled combustion chamber
stations, firefighting pump sets, natural gas pumping and
compressor units, factory power and process heating plants, operating on propane or butane, form the gas generator.
heavy lorry propulsion, rail and ship propulsion.
ASSEMBLY
Cussons have designed and manufactured educational gas
The complete unit is built on a robust steel chassis mounted
turbines since 1970 and the latest version incorporates many
on castors, carrying a melamine laminate instrument panel
improvements.
and steel cladded panels.
Cussons P9005 Gas Turbine Unit is now offered as a full two The overall dimensions permit the unit to pass through any
shaft machine with built in starting equipment, power normal doorway and special attention has been paid to the
absorption system and data logging option (P9008). It requirements of easy installation, low noise level,
provides the means for carrying out an extensive convenience of operation and safety.
programme of experiments in gas turbine technology using
only the instrumentation provided.

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cussons Thermodynamics
TECHNOLOGY
P9005 TWO SHAFT GAS TURBINE UNIT

FUEL SYSTEM
C
In temperate climates propane and in tropical climates A
butane, or mixtures of the two supplied in
bottles, form the fuel supply to the unit. The use of bottled B
gas is particularly convenient and also is a significant safety
feature as large quantities of fuel cannot build up in the
system in the event of non-light up. Stable combustion
L D
conditions are reached very quickly, and due to the small
pressure excess necessary to inject the fuel, any over
G E
speeding of the unit will cause drop in fuel mass flow and
provide worthwhile governing action.
F
A - Inlet Air Silencer
B - Compressor
C - Combustion Chamber I
D - Gas Generator Turbine
E - Power Turbine
F - Exhaust Silencer J
G - Starting Air Compressor H
H - Dynamometer
I - Oil Reservoir K
J - Oil Pump
K - Oil Cooler
L - Mains Electrical Input
Figure: Front View Of Two Shaft Gas Turbine Unit
COMPRESSOR/TURBINE SYSTEM
The compressor is formed in light alloy and operates at a
P9008 DATA LOGGING OPTION INCLUDING SIGNAL
pressure ratio of approximately 2:1. The combustion
CONDITIONING, PC AND SOFTWARE
chamber operates at high efficiency and permits stable
operation over a wide range of mass flows with an even Factory-fitted option for P9005 to provide signals for 15
temperature distribution. The gas generator turbine operates measured variables comprising additional dc power supply,
over the speed range of 600 to 1400 rev/second according 4 pressure transducers, 3 differential pressure transducers,
to fuelling with the power turbine operating over the range fuel orifice, rms voltage and current sensing modules and an
170 to 590 rev/second and developing a maximum power of additional printed circuit board, plus all necessary wiring,
about 4 kW. piping and connections.

P9007 SECTIONED COMPRESSOR/TURBINE UNIT

Compressor/Turbine Unit similar to Gas Generator supplied
on P9005 sectioned to show all functions and mounted on
base.

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cussons Thermodynamics
TECHNOLOGY
P9005 TWO SHAFT GAS TURBINE UNIT

OPERATING INSTRUCTIONS AND A SUGGESTED TECHNICAL SPECIFICATIONS

PROGRAMME OF EXPERIMENTAL WORK
P9005 TWO SHAFT GAS TURBINE UNIT
Complete operating instructions are provided with each unit FEATURES
and a comprehensive test programme is described in [1] Self-contained complete teaching facility
Cussons publication ‘A First Course in Gas Turbine [2] Designed for safe easy operation with low noise levels
Technology’ by T.H. Frost. Graphs of typical test results are [3] Data logging option available for all measured variables
shown in figures below. [4] Comprehensive controls and instrumentation displayed in
multi-colour flow diagram

2.5
EXPERIMENTAL CAPACITY / TEACHING OBJECTIVES
2 [1] Performance of a simulated single shaft unit
FUEL FLOW

[2] Performance of a two shaft unit

g/s

1.5
[3] Characteristics of individual components: gas generator
compressor, combustion chamber characteristics, power
1
turbine characteristics.

INSTRUMENTATION
[1] Measure temperatures and pressures throughout the
750
TURBINE INLET TEMPERA-

cycle
[2] Flow rates of air
TURE ºC

700 [3] Rotational speeds of the compressor/turbine unit

[4] Power turbine output torque
[5] 7 Temperatures measurement NiCr/NiAl thermocouple
650
[6] fitted inlet air flow meter
[7] fuel flow meter
600 800 1000 1200 1400
TURBINE SPEED rev./s
[8] two tachometers (2)
[9] multi-point thermocouple instrument
[10] three sensitive pressure gauges (3)

5 2
CONSUMPTION

SPECIFICATIONS
SPECIFIC FUEL

4
g/kWs

1.5
[1] self-contained moveable stand
POWER OUTPUT

3 1 [2] melamine laminate instrument panel and steel cladded

kW.

panels
2 1
[3] single shaft compressor/turbine
TORQUE

1 0.5
[4] combustion chamber for operation on propane, butane
Nm

0 0 or propane/butane mixtures
[5] power absorption system and data logging
[6] calibrated electrical machine for torque and power
measurement
COMPRESSOR DELIVERY PRESSURE

1
[7] circulating pump
[8] cooler and filter
AIR MASS FLOW g/s

0.5 150
[9] five colour instrument panel with flow diagram
[10] oil pressure gauge and fuel supply pressure gauge
bar

0 100 [11] air compressor set

[12] tropicalized for use in conditions up to 40ºC ambient
50 and 80% relative humidity
[13] Consumption at full load approx. 7 kg/hr.

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cussons Thermodynamics
TECHNOLOGY
P9005 TWO SHAFT GAS TURBINE UNIT

TECHNICAL DATA Flow rates (2)

COMPRESSOR/TURBINE SYSTEM [1] Air 0 – 200 mmH2O
[1] Compressor is formed in light alloy [2] Fuel 0.4 – 3.3 g/s
[2] Pressure ratio of 2:1
[3] Gas generator turbine 600 to 1400 rev/second Speeds (2)
[4] Fuelling power turbine 170 to 590 rev/second [1] Gas generator 0 – 2000 rps
[5] Maximum power of 4 kW. [2] power turbine 0 – 800 rps

SAFETY PROTECTION DC Measurement

[1] Solenoid valve cuts the fuel supply for malfunction [1] Alternator current 0 – 100A
[2] Protected against over temperature, lubricating oil [2] Alternator voltage 0 – 100V
pressure failure and mains failure
[3] The compressor/turbine speed limited ADDITIONAL
[4] Components shielded [1] DC power supply (0v, 5v, 15v and +24v)
[5] Steel front panel or transparent polycarbonate [2]4 pressure transducers
[3] 3 differential pressure transducers
LUBRICATION SYSTEM [4] Fuel orifice
[1] Continuous circulation lubricating system [5] rms voltage and current sensing modules
[2] Oil system in an oil tank [6] Printed circuit board
[3] Separated driven gear pump [7] Outputs amplified to 0-10v dc, connected to two D type
[4] Oil filter and water cooled oil heat exchanger sockets
[5] Low viscosity monograde oil with an anti-oxidant additive
[6] Operating pressure 400 to 450 Kpa (4 – 4.5 bar)
[7] Oil cooler temperature maintained at 80ºC. INSTALLATION REQUIREMENTS

Electrical supply: 220/240 volt 50 Hz single phase

P9008 SYSTEM FOR DATA ACQUISITION supply. Other voltages and frequency to special
TRANSDUCER AND SIGNAL CONDITIONING FOR DATA order.
LOGGING: Fuel supply: Propane/butane (C3H8) in standard
gas take off bottles (45 kg bottles are
Temperatures (7) recommended). N.B. Consumption at full load
[1] T1 air inlet approx. 7 kg/hr.
[2] T2 compressor exit Water Supply: Required for cooling oil circuit with 9
[3] T3 combustion chamber exit mm bore flexible hose and minimum flow rate of 10
[4] T4 power turbine inlet litres/min. Exhaust
[5] T5 power turbine outlet Provisions: Exhaust is non-toxic and clean but for
[6] Tg fuel extended running ducting is required.
[7] To oil

Pressures (5) DIMENSIONS AND WEIGHTS

[1] 0 – 1600 KPa (0 – 16 bar) Gas Bottle supply indicator
Nett Weight Length Width Height
[2] 0 – 400 KPa (0 – 4 bar) Combustion chamber inlet gas
pressure kg lb m in m in m in

[3] 0 – 250 KPa (0 – 2 bar) Combustion chamber pressure P9005 350 770 1.37 54 0.86 34 1.60 63
[4] 0 – 40 KPa (0 – 0.4 bar) Power Turbine inlet pressure
[5] 0 – 10 cmHg Combustion chamber pressure loss P9007 5.5 12 0.30 12 0.30 12 0.25 10

[6] 0 – 1000 KPa (0 – 10 bar) Lubricating oil pressure

P9008 Included within P9005 above

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