Man-Made Havoc: (Uttrakhand Disaster-2013)

MAN-MADE HAVOC
(UTTRAKHAND DISASTER-2013)
Presented By: Manish Singh (MARDG)

TATA INSTITUTE OF SOCIAL
SCIENCES
OUTLINE
 Overview of Uttrakhand
Chota Char-Dham
 Social and Cultural Dimension
 Causes of Disaster
 Human and Economic Loss
 Preventive Measures
Overview of Uttrakhand
• On November 9. 2000,
Uttrakhand was created in the
northern part of India from the
Himalayan and adjoining
north-western districts of Uttar
Pradesh.
Overview of Uttrakhand
• Uttrakhand has the total Land area

of 53,483 km2 out of which 86% is
mountainous and 65% is forest.
• Most of the Northern part is covered by Himalayan peaks and Glaciers.
• Two major river (Ganges and Yamuna) originate from the glaciers of
Uttrakhand.
Overview of Uttrakhand:
Chota Char-Dham
 Located in the Garhwal region of state, a small circuit of four abodes is
an important Hindu pilgrimage circuit in the Indian Himalayas.
 Apart from Chota Char-Dham many Hindu Temples and pilgrimage

centres found throughout the state due to this it is often referred as the
DEVBHUMI (literally “Land of the Gods”).
Overview of Uttrakhand:
Chota Char-Dham Four Seats of Chota Char-Dham
• Yamunotri is the
source of the Yamuna
River.
GANGOTRI BADRINATH
• Gangotri is a town on
the banks of the river
Bhagirathi and origin of
River Ganges.
YAMUNOTRI KEDARNATH
CAUSES: Natural & Man-Made
 Disaster in Himalayan state of Uttrakhand that struck on June 16,

2013.
 BIG QUESTION
Whether- It was a “Nature fury”
or
Man-made catastrophe
 Various reason which leads to this disaster

 Lackadaisical attitude of state machinery toward ecology and
environment.
 Lack of farsightedness in policy formation.
 Vested economic interest of neo-liberal forces and chronic
capitalism.
 Out date and flawed technology.
 Two Type of causes:
1. Natural Causes
 Unusual monsoon behaviour in 2013
 Climate change.
2. Man-Made causes
 Deforestation
 Unplanned development
 Exponential Increase in vehicle
 Insufficient resources
 Non-existance of government authority
 Inaccurate and incomplete prediction by MeT department
 Unusual Monsoon Behaviour in 2013

 Early arrival of monsoon in 2013
 Monsoon hit in advance
 Melting glacier compounded with rain/causes glacier melting
 Heavy flow into the river
 No preparation in advance
 Climate Change:
 Link between climate change and change in climate pattern.
 Scientist predict about more extreme rainfall pattern
 Decline in moderate rainfall pattern
 Long dry spell and intensive downpour
 240 mm rainfall in 2013 within 24 Hours
 Unplanned Development:
 Unplanned development is destroying ecology of mountains
in Uttrakhand
 Most of dam constructed without planning
 No environmental impact assessment
 427Dams are planned 70 project are on Bhagirathi and
Allakhnanda
 Dynamiteblast to cut mountain that causes earthquake of
magnitude of 4.0 at ritcher scale
 Deforestation:
Very high---due to unplanned development( hydel
power project/roads/transmission lines)
Encroachment of corporate
MeF ___ 44,868 Hectare converted into non-forest
use
 Exponential Increase in Vehicles:

 Uttrakhand transport department – 2009-10>>83000 vehicles
 2012-14>>180,000
 Increase in number of tourist

Results:
 Disturbance to ecology
 Landslide
 Encrochment
 Insufficient Resources:
 Kedarnath temple authorities receives 165 crores every years
but no man power to deal with emergency
 Only 400 army personals and 100 untrained police man were
deployed
to manage calamities before catastrophe
 According
to CM- no meeting of Uttrakhand state disaster
management committee for past 6 years
 Inaccurate and Incomplete prediction by Met:

 Monitoring, Forecasting and early warning system were very
poor
 David Petley, professor, department of geography at Durham
university, UK – Analysis of high resolution image from
ISROs geographic information system platform
(BHUSHAN)- formation of lake and accumulation of water.
Economic loss
Economy was affected, main income tourism.

 Income from tourism 30%.
 Tourism spot turned into rubble spot.
 Infrastructure badly hit.
 1520 roads damaged, 154 bridges and 2232 houses, shops hotels
destroyed.
 Kedarnath valley was the worst affected area.
 Economic loss both state as well as country.
Financial loss
 Rs 20000 crore.
 Public and Private Property loss approx. Rs 2000 crores as on
30th June 2013.
 2 lack for damage houses by government.
 Extra leakage of money from government side, affected whole
economy.
 Financial loss – tourism loss.
Loss of humanity
People and Ecology suffered.

 580 dead, 3000 missing, 70000 struck.
 Landslides, damage house.
 400 houses destroyed, 265 damaged.
 Cash crop (apple crop) destroyed.
 2145 total animal lost.
 Dharamshalas washed away.
 Environment affected.
DISASTER=(H+V) *R /C
H=hazard potentially of a physical event that may cause loss of life or

property
V=vulnerabilities factors - physical, economic and environmental-
which increase susceptibility of an area or a community to impact of
hazard
R=risk probability of harmful consequence or losses
C=capacities strengths and resources available within a
community,society that can reduce the level of risk,or the effect of a
disaster
MEASURE TO DISASTER RESILIENCE
 PURSUING ECOLOGICAL SENSITIVE DEVELOPMENT
 AFFORESTATION
 COMMUNITY BASED INSTITUTION LIKE VAN PANCHAYAT
 CAMPA AND GREEN INDIA MISSION FUND
 PROACTIVE APPROACH TO THE IMPLEMENTATION OF FRA
2005
ECOLOGICAL MOUNTAIN
LIVELIHOOD
 Ensuring remunerative ecological livelihood for mountain dweller
 Fund and activities under schemes like rashtriya krishi vikas yojana
and national food security mission focus for promoting system of
crop intensification(sci)
 Mgnreg,nrl mission and iwsmp should be focus for increasing
common pool resources and improve food and livelihood security
 Promoting community based tourism
Sustainable and Safer Infrastructure
Development
 Sustainable hydropower: approach for conserving developmental
gains and to minimize loss of life, livelihood and A conceptual shift
is required from maximum power production to sustainable or
optimum power production
 Certain pristine river stretches must be maintained as protected
zones in order to sustain the aquatic biota on the river beds, banks
and flood plains.
 Small hydel projects that produce electricity and help local
entrepreneurship should replace the idea of large dams.
SAFER TOURISM
 Community based tourism have potential to be more suitable for

livelihood option and positive contribution to management and
conservation of forest and wildlife
 Limiting the number of pilgrims to the shrines
 Efficient disaster management system
SAFER GREEN ROAD AND
HABITATION
 At time of disaster single access to shrine so need to develop safe
trekking route
 Safety and sustainability have to be built into infrastructure
development
 Ridge alignments of road increase the safety of habitations
 Safer design example promoting low cost earthquake safe building
 Accessing and monitoring disaster risk enhancing early warning system
 Gross environment product(gep) as the measure of the health of the state
natural resource
 The fragility of forest is due steep slop so it should be consider while
planning for development with local participation.
 Strengthening disaster preparedness for effective response
 New curriculum in school to encourage the integrate resilience

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MAN-MADE HAVOC

Presented By: Manish Singh (MARDG)

• Uttrakhand has the total Land area

• Most of the Northern part is covered by Himalayan peaks and Glaciers.

 Apart from Chota Char-Dham many Hindu Temples and pilgrimage

 Disaster in Himalayan state of Uttrakhand that struck on June 16,

 Various reason which leads to this disaster

 Unusual Monsoon Behaviour in 2013

 Exponential Increase in Vehicles:

 Increase in number of tourist

 Inaccurate and Incomplete prediction by Met:

Economy was affected, main income tourism.

People and Ecology suffered.

H=hazard potentially of a physical event that may cause loss of life or

 PURSUING ECOLOGICAL SENSITIVE DEVELOPMENT

 Community based tourism have potential to be more suitable for

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