Research Methods for Management Project

Report
On
Aviation Industry: Congestion problem at
airports

Submitted By:
Riddhi Jain(19PGDM100)
Anish Todwal(19PGDM070)
Saloni Dalmia(19PGDM106)
Shubham Agarwal(19PGDM109)
Anushka Goyal(19PGDM073)
Date: 02/03/2020
INTRODUCTION
India is one of the quickest developing avionics markets on the planet. With the
advancement of the Indian flying division, the industry had seen a change with
the passage of exclusive full-administration aircrafts and minimal effort
transporters. The area has likewise observed a critical increment in the quantity
of local air travel travelers. A portion of the elements that have brought about
more appeal for air transport in India incorporate the developing working class
and obtaining power, low airfare offered by ease bearers, the development of
the travel industry in India, expanding outbound travel from India and the
general financial development of India.

Notwithstanding these factor, the accentuation on modernization of non-metro

air terminal, armada extension via aircrafts, administration extension by state
possessed bearers, improvement of the upkeep, fix and redesign industry in
India, opening up of new global courses by the Indian government, foundation
of new air terminals and remodel and rebuilding of the current air terminal have
added to the development of the business.

Investigators opined that a blend of factors, for example, high aeronautics

turbine fuel costs, rising work cost and lack of gifted work, quick armada
extension, and extreme value rivalry among the player were liable for the
misfortunes in this area. The issue was likewise intensified by new players
entering the business even before the current player could settle their activity
PROBLEM
Indian aerospace industry has always witnessed a significant growth during the
past years, the major contribution from civil aviation segment. The market has
always been strongly supported by the government as well as private sector
participation, which has fueled domestic and international passenger arrivals
and acted as a catalyst for the overall industry growth. Availability of skilled
labor set along with favorable micro and macro business environment will make
India as one of the most alluring investment destinations in the coming years.
Additionally, airlines maintenance, repairs and overhaul sector is tremendously
developing in India. Driven by an increasing fleet of newly acquired aircrafts,
lack of trained and experienced professionals and a need to cut aircraft
maintenance and operational costs, the MRO market holds lot of opportunities
for players in the technical services outsourcing business. Moreover,
globalization of MRO services, availability of talent, manpower cost
competitiveness etc. will make India a potential global and a regional MRO
hub.
In view of massive expansion program, there is a need to go in for scientific
methodology for capacity assessment to meet the growing requirements and its
economic impact.
DECISION PROBLEM :
The decision problem identified here is whether to build infrastructure for
airports or to add new airports.
RESEARCH PROBLEM:
The research problem is whether there is a need or not for infrastructure of
airports or to add new airports .
Literature Review
The scope of study of this project is narrow. It mainly focused on some airlines
under the aviation industry. The survey was conducted in the areas of Delhi and
it was filled in by: Students, working professionals, business, others. The airline
industry is painstakingly demanding with regard to capital investments. There is
a need to assess Indian readiness for these airline expansions. Airlines is one of
the largest and most widespread sector of the country providing its services not
only in India as well as outside India also. It has alliance with many other
sectors. Airlines offers world class services to the customer at a nominal rate.
The national carrier takes immense pride in having successfully played a pivotal
role in making various facets of India popular with the people of the world and
acting as the country’s cultural ambassador. The airline uses the services of one
of the advanced plans been operated in the world. The Indian Aviation Industry
promises huge growth potential due to large and growing middle class
population, favourable demographics, rapid economic growth, higher disposable
incomes, rising aspiration of the middle class, and overall low penetration level
(less than 3%). Previous research with regard to this topic has looked at the
successes of the Indian aviation industry after liberalisation. However, there are
still minimal discussions about some of the problems plaguing the industry
currently. Additionally, there are also few predictions about the future of this
industry i.e. can India continue with the momentum that it had started with after
liberalisation. The passengers towards service qualities in domestic airline
industries and SERVQUAL method have been analysed as the third objective.
The passengers have accounts in Spice Jet, Indigo, Air India, Jet Airways based
on age, gender, marital status, income and other social economic status have
been used as chi-square have been applied appropriately.
OBJECTIVES OF THE RESEARCH STUDY

The objectives of the study are:

1. To study whether the existing capacity will meet the requirements of
passengers as far as their responsiveness to meet, comfort, convenience
etc. as defined in the level of service to be provided/being provided is
concerned
2. Whether the existing capacity will meet the requirements of processing
of passengers, their baggage, security etc.
3. Whether the existing capacity meets the operational efficiency of all
systems compared globally.
4. To study the practices which are being followed in one of the world class
airports and compare these practices with Indian practices.
5. Formulation of the model for capacity assessment at Indian airports and
to assess whether the existing infrastructure meets the requirements and it
can be extended to other airports.
RESEARCH PROBLEM
1. What is the current capacity requirement of the passengers? Will it cater
to meet their level of comfort, convenience etc.?
2. Will the existing capacity meet the requirement of processing of
passengers, their baggage, security etc.?
3. Will the existing airports be able to cater to the world class operational
systems?

RESEARCH QUESTION:
The research question is that what are the factors that are leading to the
dissatisfaction of the customers ?

HYPOTHESIS
Statistically the null hypothesis is that the adequate capacity is available at
specific airport that will be tested against the alternative hypothesis, that there is
no adequate capacity. The hypothesis will further be tested, that there is a
capacity addition requirement against the alternative hypothesis that there is no
capacity addition required.
VARIABLES
INDEPENDENT VARIABLE: -An independent variable in an
experiment is the variable under the control of the investigator and which is
opined to have the potential to alter the dependent variable. The independent
variables used in this study are local population, income level and the number of
based aircraft. Aircraft aviation airports are usually measured as local and
itinerant aircraft operations.
DEPENDENT VARIABLE: - Dependent variable is the response or
behavior in an experiment that is being studied in order to determine if it has
been influenced by the independent variable. The dependent variable in this
study is price of ticket and season. We know that the ticket prices are dynamic
and it changes according to the high/low season. For example, ticket prices are
higher at the time of festive season.
MODERATING VARIABLE: - A moderating variable is the variable
which changes the strength or direction of an effect between two variables x &
y.
EXTRANEOUS VARIABLE: - Extraneous variables are the variables,
which are not the independent variable, but which affect the result of the
experiment. The researchers want to make sure that it is the change or
manipulation of the independent variable that has changed the changes in the
dependent variable. The extraneous variable in this study is government
policies, legal factors, political factors and technical factors.
METHODOLOGY:
Objective number one can be done by assessing some of the major indicators of
success (such as traffic rights of airline carriers, degree of multiple carrier
designation, number of destinations from India to the rest of the world, level of
code hire operations, quality of cargo services and type of aircrafts used) against
the backdrop of another successful aviation industry .
The second specific objective will be measured by assessing the operational
environment in India. It should be noted that this current success may simply be
an indication of overall momentum within the sector. New players in the market
have not yet stabilised and there may be some unforeseen problems in the
future.
The third objective is with regard to Infrastructural requirements. The airline
industry is painstakingly demanding with regard to capital investments. There is
a need to assess Indian readiness for these airline expansions. The latter two
objectives measured through interviews for major Airline carriers in India. They
are at a position to assess Indian current situation. Besides that, it was also
assess some closely related industries that act as the aviation industries supplier.
Sample Size: Sample size means the number of people to be surveyed or
included in the research project. In this project 50 individuals were sampled.
Sampling Unit –Sampling unit is the unit used for sampling. The population
should be divisible into a finite number of distinct, non-overlapping units, so
that each member of the population belongs to only one sampling unit. In this
study sampling units are students, working professionals, business and others.
Sampling Frame-Sample Frame are those individuals or organizations from
which one selects the actual sample for the survey. Ideally, the sample frame is
the same as the target population
 Descriptive Statistics
Mean Std. Deviation N
Q7. Do you feel that the airports are well equipped 2.68 3.254 50
to handle the contingencies?

Q1. Do you travel by flight or 2t ? 1.00 .000 50

Q2. Have your flights ever been delayed because of 4.72 3.245 50
2 parking spaces at the airport for the plane to land?

Q3 . On an average, how many hours of halt have 7.36 .525 50

you experienced during your travel?

Q4. Do you avail the facility of airport lounge 3.08 3.522 50

during halt, at the time of your travel?

Q5. What is the average time taken by you to collect 12.04 .493 50
your boarding pass at peak hours?

Q6. What is the average time taken by you to collect 14.36 .631 50
your boarding pass at 2n-peak hours?

Q8. What is the average time spent by you for 17.26 .443 50
security check in at international departures?

Q9. To what extent the inefficiency of logistics team 6.10 5.740 50

of a particular airline leads to delayed check in?

Q10. Does the traffic need to be transferred from 6.84 8.431 50

metro cities to tier II cities?

For a sample of 50 respondents ,we got the highest standard deviation of 8.431 ,where the
traffic needs to be transferred from metro cities to tier II cities . The highest mean value is of
17.26 for the average time spent by someone for security check in at international departures.
 Correlations
Q2.
Have Q4.
your Do
flights you
ever avail
been the
delaye facilit Q5. Q6.
d y of What What
becau airpo is the is the
se of Q3 . On rt averag averag Q8. What Q9. To
2 an loung e time e time is the what Q10.
parkin average, e taken taken average extent the Does the
Q1. g how durin by you by you time spent inefficien traffic
Q7. Do you Do spaces many g to to by you for cy of need to
feel that the you at the hours of halt, collect collect security logistics be
airports are trav airpor halt have at the your your check in team of a transferr
well el t for you time boardi boardi at particular ed from
equipped to by the experienc of ng ng pass internatio airline metro
handle the fligh plane ed during your pass at at 2n- nal leads to cities to
contingenci t or to your travel peak peak departures delayed tier II
es? 2t ? land? travel? ? hours? hours? ? check in? cities?
Pearson Q7. Do you 1.000 . -.074 .236 -.110 -.030 -.032 .115 .134 -.189
Correlati feel that the
on airports are
well
equipped to
handle the
contingenci
es?
Q1. Do you . 1.00 . . . . . . . .
travel by 0
flight or
2t ?
Q2. Have -.074 . 1.000 -.023 .198 -.031 .030 -.161 .180 -.105
your flights
ever been
delayed
because of
2 parking
spaces at
the airport
for the
plane to
land?
Q3 . On an .236 . -.023 1.000 .139 -.057 .278 .554 .137 -.065
average,
how many
hours of
halt have
you
experienced
during your
travel?
Q4. Do you -.110 . .198 .139 1.000 -.131 .152 .183 .066 -.143
avail the
facility of
airport
lounge
during halt,
at the time
of your
travel?
Q5. What is -.030 . -.031 -.057 -.131 1.000 .346 -.049 -.045 -.141
the average
time taken
by you to
collect your
boarding
pass at peak
hours?
 Q6. What is -.032 . .030 .278 .152 .346 1.000 .242 -.078 .157
the average
time taken
by you to
collect your
boarding
pass at 2n-
peak hours?
Q8. What is .115 . -.161 .554 .183 -.049 .242 1.000 -.002 -.114
the average
time spent
by you for
security
check in at
internationa
l
departures?
Q9. To .134 . .180 .137 .066 -.045 -.078 -.002 1.000 -.002
what extent
the
inefficiency
of logistics
team of a
particular
airline
leads to
delayed
check in?
Q10. Does -.189 . -.105 -.065 -.143 -.141 .157 -.114 -.002 1.000
the traffic
need to be
transferred
from metro
cities to tier
II cities?
Sig. (1- Q7. Do you . .000 .304 .050 .224 .418 .412 .212 .177 .094
tailed) feel that the
airports are
well
equipped to
handle the
contingenci
es?
Q1. Do you .000 . .000 .000 .000 .000 .000 .000 .000 .000
travel by
flight or
2t ?
Q2. Have .304 .000 . .436 .084 .415 .417 .132 .105 .235
your flights
ever been
delayed
because of
2 parking
spaces at
the airport
for the
plane to
land?
Q3 . On an .050 .000 .436 . .169 .348 .025 .000 .172 .327
average,
how many
hours of
halt have
you
experienced
during your
travel?
Q4. Do you .224 .000 .084 .169 . .182 .146 .102 .324 .161
avail the
facility of
airport
lounge
during halt,
at the time
of your
travel?
Q5. What is .418 .000 .415 .348 .182 . .007 .369 .379 .165
the average
time taken
by you to
collect your
boarding
pass at peak
hours?
 Q6. What is .412 .000 .417 .025 .146 .007 . .045 .296 .138
the average
time taken
by you to
collect your
boarding
pass at 2n-
peak hours?
Q8. What is .212 .000 .132 .000 .102 .369 .045 . .493 .215
the average
time spent
by you for
security
check in at
internationa
l
departures?
Q9. To .177 .000 .105 .172 .324 .379 .296 .493 . .494
what extent
the
inefficiency
of logistics
team of a
particular
airline
leads to
delayed
check in?
Q10. Does .094 .000 .235 .327 .161 .165 .138 .215 .494 .
the traffic
need to be
transferred
from metro
cities to tier
II cities?
N Q7. Do you 50 50 50 50 50 50 50 50 50 50
feel that the
airports are
well
equipped to
handle the
contingenci
es?
Q1. Do you 50 50 50 50 50 50 50 50 50 50
travel by
flight or
2t ?
Q2. Have 50 50 50 50 50 50 50 50 50 50
your flights
ever been
delayed
because of
2 parking
spaces at
the airport
for the
plane to
land?
Q3 . On an 50 50 50 50 50 50 50 50 50 50
average,
how many
hours of
halt have
you
experienced
during your
travel?
Q4. Do you 50 50 50 50 50 50 50 50 50 50
avail the
facility of
airport
lounge
during halt,
at the time
of your
travel?
Q5. What is 50 50 50 50 50 50 50 50 50 50
the average
time taken
by you to
collect your
boarding
pass at peak
hours?
 Q6. What is 50 50 50 50 50 50 50 50 50 50
the average
time taken
by you to
collect your
boarding
pass at 2n-
peak hours?
Q8. What is 50 50 50 50 50 50 50 50 50 50
the average
time spent
by you for
security
check in at
internationa
l
departures?
Q9. To 50 50 50 50 50 50 50 50 50 50
what extent
the
inefficiency
of logistics
team of a
particular
airline
leads to
delayed
check in?
Q10. Does 50 50 50 50 50 50 50 50 50 50
the traffic
need to be
transferred
from metro
cities to tier
II cities?

Positive correlation is a relationship between two variables in which both

variables move in tandem—that is, in the same direction. A positive
correlation exists when one variable decreases as the other variable decreases,
or one variable increases while the other increases.
In the above correlation matrix , the highest positive correlation exists of the
value of 0.94 between the two variables identified “Do you feel that the airports
are well equipped to handle the contingencies?” and “Does the traffic need to be
transferred from metro cities to tier II cities?”

Negative correlation is a relationship between two variables in which one

variable increases as the other decreases, and vice versa. In the above
correlation matrix , the highest negative correlation exists of the value of -.002
between the two variables identified “What is the average time spent by you
for security check in at international departures?” and “To what extent the
inefficiency of logistics team of a particular airline leads to delayed check in?”

Model Summaryb
Change Statistics
Adjusted R Std. Error of R Square Sig. F Durbin-
Model R R Square Square the Estimate Change F Change df1 df2 Change Watson
a
1 .372 .138 -.030 3.302 .138 .822 8 41 .588 2.174
a. Predictors: (Constant), Q10. Does the traffic need to be transferred from metro cities to tier II cities?, Q9. To what extent
the inefficiency of logistics team of a particular airline leads to delayed check in?, Q8. What is the average time spent by
you for security check in at international departures?, Q5. What is the average time taken by you to collect your boarding
pass at peak hours?, Q4. Do you avail the facility of airport lounge during halt, at the time of your travel?, Q2. Have your
flights ever been delayed because of 2 parking spaces at the airport for the plane to land?, Q6. What is the average time
taken by you to collect your boarding pass at 2n-peak hours?, Q3 . On an average, how many hours of halt have you
experienced during your travel?
b. Dependent Variable: Q7. Do you feel that the airports are well equipped to handle the contingencies?

The r value in SPSS, The bivariate Pearson Correlation produces a sample correlation coefficient, r,
which measures the strength and direction of linear relationships between pairs of
continuous variables.

Durbin Watson in SPSS test explains if there is any autocorrelation between successive observations
in the data. The Durbin-Watson statistic will always have a value between 0 and 4. A value of
2.0 means that there is no autocorrelation detected in the sample
 ANOVAa
Model Sum of Squares df Mean Square F Sig.
1 Regression 71.756 8 8.970 .822 .588b
Residual 447.124 41 10.905
Total 518.880 49
a. Dependent Variable: Q7. Do you feel that the airports are well equipped to handle the contingencies?
b. Predictors: (Constant), Q10. Does the traffic need to be transferred from metro cities to tier II cities?, Q9.
To what extent the inefficiency of logistics team of a particular airline leads to delayed check in?, Q8. What
is the average time spent by you for security check in at international departures?, Q5. What is the average
time taken by you to collect your boarding pass at peak hours?, Q4. Do you avail the facility of airport
lounge during halt, at the time of your travel?, Q2. Have your flights ever been delayed because of 2 parking
spaces at the airport for the plane to land?, Q6. What is the average time taken by you to collect your
boarding pass at 2n-peak hours?, Q3 . On an average, how many hours of halt have you experienced during
your travel?

HYPOTHESIS
Statistically the null hypothesis is that the adequate capacity is available at
specific airport that will be tested against the alternative hypothesis, that there is
no adequate capacity. The hypothesis will further be tested, that there is a
capacity addition requirement against the alternative hypothesis that there is no
capacity addition required.

From the table we can see that the significance level is .588 which is b

greater than 0.05 , hence we will accept the null hypothesis.

 Coefficientsa
95.0%
Unstandardized Standardized Confidence Collinearity
Coefficients Coefficients Interval for B Correlations Statistics
Std. Lower Upper Zero-
Model B Error Beta t Sig. Bound Bound order Partial Part Tolerance VIF
1 (Constant) 1.707 23.652 .072 .943 - 49.473
46.059
Q2. Have -.088 .156 -.088 -.566 .575 -.402 .226 -.074 -.088 -.08 .873 1.146
your flights 2
ever been
delayed
because of 2
parking
spaces at the
airport for the
plane to land?
Q3 . On an 1.460 1.125 .236 1.297 .202 -.813 3.733 .236 .199 .188 .637 1.570
average, how
many hours
of halt have
you
experienced
during your
travel?
Q4. Do you -.157 .145 -.170 - .285 -.451 .136 -.110 -.167 -.15 .850 1.176
avail the 1.084 7
facility of
airport lounge
during halt, at
the time of
your travel?
Q5. What is -.468 1.100 -.071 -.426 .672 -2.690 1.753 -.030 -.066 -.06 .756 1.323
the average 2
time taken by
you to collect
your boarding
pass at peak
hours?
 Q6. What is .035 .915 .007 .038 .970 -1.812 1.882 -.032 .006 .006 .668 1.497
the average
time taken by
you to collect
your boarding
pass at 2n-
peak hours?
Q8. What is -.207 1.343 -.028 -.154 .878 -2.919 2.504 .115 -.024 -.02 .629 1.590
the average 2
time spent by
you for
security
check in at
international
departures?
Q9. To what .071 .085 .126 .833 .410 -.101 .244 .134 .129 .121 .924 1.082
extent the
inefficiency
of logistics
team of a
particular
airline leads
to delayed
check in?
Q10. Does -.086 .061 -.222 - .169 -.209 .038 -.189 -.214 -.20 .840 1.191
the traffic 1.401 3
need to be
transferred
from metro
cities to tier II
cities?
a. Dependent Variable: Q7. Do you feel that the airports are well equipped to handle the contingencies?

Coefficient Correlationsa
 Q2.
Q4. Have
Do your
Q5. you flights Q6.
What is avail ever What is
Q9. To the the been the
what extent average facility delayed average
Q10. Does the time of because time Q3 . On an
the traffic inefficiency Q8. What is taken by airport of 2 taken by average,
need to be of logistics the average you to lounge parking you to how many
transferred team of a time spent collect during spaces collect hours of
from particular by you for your halt, at at the your halt have
metro airline security boarding the airport boarding you
cities to leads to check in at pass at time of for the pass at experienced
tier II delayed international peak your plane to 2n-peak during your
Model cities? check in? departures? hours? travel? land? hours? travel?
1 Correlation Q10. Does 1.000 -.060 .138 .285 .176 .130 -.318 .069
s the traffic
need to be
transferred
from metro
cities to tier
II cities?
Q9. To -.060 1.000 .044 -.038 -.048 -.174 .138 -.179
what extent
the
inefficiency
of logistics
team of a
particular
airline leads
to delayed
check in?
Q8. What is .138 .044 1.000 .087 -.122 .216 -.143 -.492
the average
time spent
by you for
security
check in at
internationa
l
departures?
Q5. What is .285 -.038 .087 1.000 .210 .064 -.455 .124
the average
time taken
by you to
collect your
boarding
pass at peak
hours?
Q4. Do you .176 -.048 -.122 .210 1.000 -.182 -.203 .026
avail the
facility of
airport
lounge
during halt,
at the time
of your
travel?
Q2. Have .130 -.174 .216 .064 -.182 1.000 -.101 -.021
your flights
ever been
delayed
because of
2 parking
spaces at
the airport
for the
plane to
land?
Q6. What is -.318 .138 -.143 -.455 -.203 -.101 1.000 -.227
the average
time taken
by you to
collect your
boarding
pass at 2n-
peak hours?
 Q3 . On an .069 -.179 -.492 .124 .026 -.021 -.227 1.000
average,
how many
hours of
halt have
you
experienced
during your
travel?
Covariance Q10. Does .004 .000 .011 .019 .002 .001 -.018 .005
s the traffic
need to be
transferred
from metro
cities to tier
II cities?
Q9. To .000 .007 .005 -.004 -.001 -.002 .011 -.017
what extent
the
inefficiency
of logistics
team of a
particular
airline leads
to delayed
check in?
Q8. What is .011 .005 1.803 .129 -.024 .045 -.176 -.744
the average
time spent
by you for
security
check in at
internationa
l
departures?
Q5. What is .019 -.004 .129 1.210 .034 .011 -.458 .153
the average
time taken
by you to
collect your
boarding
pass at peak
hours?
 Q4. Do you .002 -.001 -.024 .034 .021 -.004 -.027 .004
avail the
facility of
airport
lounge
during halt,
at the time
of your
travel?
Q2. Have .001 -.002 .045 .011 -.004 .024 -.014 -.004
your flights
ever been
delayed
because of
2 parking
spaces at
the airport
for the
plane to
land?
Q6. What is -.018 .011 -.176 -.458 -.027 -.014 .836 -.233
the average
time taken
by you to
collect your
boarding
pass at 2n-
peak hours?
Q3 . On an .005 -.017 -.744 .153 .004 -.004 -.233 1.267
average,
how many
hours of
halt have
you
experienced
during your
travel?
a. Dependent Variable: Q7. Do you feel that the airports are well equipped to handle the contingencies?

Residuals Statisticsa
Minimum Maximum Mean Std. Deviation N
Predicted Value .07 5.35 2.68 1.210 50
Residual -3.352 8.601 .000 3.021 50
Std. Predicted Value -2.157 2.204 .000 1.000 50
Std. Residual -1.015 2.605 .000 .915 50
a. Dependent Variable: Q7. Do you feel that the airports are well equipped to handle the contingencies?
CONCLUSION
Many congestion problems in the air transport sector are caused by airports,
ending up with nearly twice as many delays as caused by en route congestion.
Although airport capacity can be increased in the long run by building new
infrastructure, short run solutions should be adopted first to optimise the use of
existing capacity. The possible solutions are based on a differentiated mix of
operational actions. Runway capacity can be increased by minimising runway
occupancy time (ROT), by concentrating on homogeneous traffic with similar
approach and departure speeds and same wake turbulence category. Adverse
weather can be managed by more sophisticated instrument landing systems and
microburst detection equipment. Noise congestion can be caused by legally
imposed quota per airport, involving maximum yearly amounts of noise
production. In this case, more capacity is only possible when airline operators
would shift to airplanes producing less noise.

Contribution:
Formulation Literature Data Analysi Report
Name of research Review Collection s Writing
process

Riddhi Jain Yes Yes

Anish Todwal Yes Yes
Saloni Dalmia Yes Yes
Shubham Agarwal Yes Yes
Anushka Goyal Yes Yes

Bibliography
 https://www.researchgate.net/publication/321875226_Indian_Aviation_Industry-_An_overview
 https://www.investindia.gov.in/sector/aviation
 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aviation_in_India
 Airport Authority of India, Traffic Data (http://www.aai.aero/traffic_news/annual_review.jsp),