Assignment on

Topic:-
“Heavy Chemical Industry”

Submitted To:-
Mrs. Iqra Saleem
Submitted by:-
Mr. Shahid Bilal
Registration Number:-
2019-CD-CH-01
Submission date:-
01-07-2020
Department of Chemical and Polymer
Engineering
University Of Engineering and Technology
Lahore
(Faisalabad Campus)

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Table of Contents
Table of Contents......................................................................................................................2
Table of Figures:............................................................................................................................2
Assignment Questions...................................................................................................................3
Question # 1:...................................................................................................................................4
Difference between heavy and fine chemicals?.......................................................................4
Question # 2:...................................................................................................................................5
What are the uses of heavy chemicals?....................................................................................5
1. Sulfuric acid (H2SO4)........................................................................................................5
2. Phosphoric Acid (H3PO4)..................................................................................................5
3. Sodium Hydroxide (NaOH)...............................................................................................6
4. Ethylene Dichloride (C2H2Cl2).........................................................................................6
Question # 3:...................................................................................................................................7
What is the major heavy chemical industry in Pakistan, give example of one industry of
Pakistan?.....................................................................................................................................7
Products of SITARA:....................................................................................................................7
Basic Chemicals:........................................................................................................................7
Specialty Chemicals:..................................................................................................................7
References By Bibliography..........................................................................................................8

Table of Figures:
Figure 1...........................................................................................................................................4
Figure 2...........................................................................................................................................4
Figure 3...........................................................................................................................................8
Figure 4...........................................................................................................................................8

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Assignment Questions:

1. Difference between heavy and fine chemicals?

2. What are the uses of heavy chemicals?
3. What is the major heavy chemical industry in Pakistan, give example of
one industry of Pakistan?

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 Heavy Chemicals Fine Chemicals

These are produced in large quantities. These are produced in limited quantities.
These are found in less or more crude These are found in refine form.
state.
These are less pure. These are more pure.
These are less expensive. These are more expensive.
These are extensively used in industries. Their consumption is low in industries.
These are not complex. These are single and complex.
Acids, Basis and alkalies Like Ethylene, BTX, Vinyl Chloride
NH3, H2SO4 , NaOH, etc. Drugs, plastic and pesticides etc.

Question # 1:
Difference between heavy and fine chemicals?

Answer:

Figure 1

Question # 2:
Figure 2
What are the uses of heavy chemicals?

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Answer:
In the laboratory, you can react with a few grams of a chemical. In industry, tons
of the same chemical can be used in a single reaction. And in the industry, very little money
is actually made from a very small amount of chemicals. Perhaps you were thinking about
industrial chemistry, including what is happening in this area and what chemicals are
widely used. These are the ten most commonly produced chemicals. The quantity varies
from year to year, but all of the chemicals listed are produced in excess of 100 million
metric tons. Here you can see how chemistry affects your daily life.
Most of the heavy chemicals produced in the
world are intermediate products used in many other industries, such as agrochemical,
pharmaceutical, textile, paint, plastic. Sulfuric

1. Sulfuric acid (H2SO4)

No matter what year it is, sulfuric acid tops the list of the
world's leading chemical manufacturers. Sulfuric acid is widely used in the production of
fertilizers - ammonium sulfate and superphosphate. However, sulfuric acid is also used in
other products, including the following:

 detergent
 Lead Acid Car Batteries
 Other chemicals such as hydrochloric acid, dyes, explosives, pigments and medicines
 Sulfuric acid is also used as a reagent in the manufacture or processing of certain
products. Here are some examples of this feature:
 Oil removal
 Electroplating and removal of metal oxide in front of galvanized metal l.
 Remove water during certain chemical reactions
 Acting as a reagent in the preparation of raven and nitroglyceri

2. Phosphoric Acid (H3PO4)

About three quarters of phosphoric acid in the world is used to produce synthetic
phosphoric fertilizers. Here are a few other uses of phosphoric acid.
 Nutritional supplements. In the food industry, phosphoric acid is added as a food
pH regulator (for example, in cola), as a brightening agent, and as a preservative.
 Rust Remover: Phosphoric acid acts as a rust converter, converting iron oxide
(Fe2O3) to iron phosphate (FePO4), after which it can be easily removed. For this
purpose, phosphoric acid is usually sold in the form of a gel called marine jelly.

3. Sodium Hydroxide (NaOH)

When the industry needs a solid foundation, sodium hydroxide remains the same. It
has many applications in various industries. Here are some use cases:

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  In the petroleum industry, sodium hydroxide is used to increase the pH of a drilling
fluid, which makes it more viscous.
 Some countries use it to remove sulfur contaminants from low-grade crude oil.
 The paper industry uses it to digest and bleach wood fibers.
 Sodium hydroxide is used to decompose a road furnace and, according to CSI, to get
rid of human remains.
 It is used in making soap.
 Used in the manufacture of diesel.
 It is used as an industrial detergent, especially for equipment degradation. At home,
sodium hydroxide is used as a cleaner for the oven and drain.
 The food industry uses it for the production of homini, Chinese noodles and
German pretzels.

4. Ethylene Dichloride (C2H2Cl2)

Ethylene dichloride is widely used in the production of polyvinyl chloride (PVC).
The white plastic pipes used to deliver water underground and into your home are
made of PVC, which is the largest in the construction industry.

Ethylene dichloride is also used in the manufacture of another useful synthetic

polymer, polystyrene. Ethylene is used in the preparation of:

 Some dry cleaning fluids

 floor
 Shower curtains

Question # 3:
What is the major heavy chemical industry in Pakistan, give example of one
industry of Pakistan?

Answer:

Industry is a sector of economy which is related with manufacturing and

producing of products. Heavy chemical industry relates of producing heavy chemicals.

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Three type of industry are in Pakistan:
 Small industry.
 Heavy industry.
 Defence industry.
Heavy industry produces products at large scale. Heavy chemical
industry produces chemical at large scale. In Pakistan major heavy chemical industries
produces Sulphuric acid, Ammonia, Hydrochloric acid, bleaching powder, Soaps,
fertilizers and cement etc.
According to my point of view SITARA chemical industry in
Faisalabad is one of the major heavy chemical industry in Pakistan.

Products of SITARA:
Basic Chemicals:
 Ammonium Chloride Bleaching Powder
 Caustic Soda Flakes Caustic Soda Liquid (32-50 %)
 Caustic Soda Solid Hydrated Lime
 Hydrochloric Acid Liquid Chlorine
 Sodium Hypochlorite

Specialty Chemicals:
 Aluminium Sulphate Calcium Chloride Dihydrate
 Copper (I) Chloride Ferric Chloride
 Magnesium Carbonate Nickel Chloride Hexahydrate
 Calcium Chloride (Prills)

Figure 3

Figure 4
References By Bibliography
(n.d.). Retrieved from dummies.com: www.dummies.com/education/science/chemistry
(n.d.). Retrieved from dummies.com: www.dummies.com/education/science/chemistry
(n.d.). Retrieved from SITARA chemical industries ltd.: www.sitara.com.pk
dummies.com. (n.d.). Retrieved from www.dummies.com/education/science/chemistry