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    Sugar Addiction ? !

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    Water Shuriken
    Sugar addiction is a real phenomenon that is characterized as a primary chronic disease of the brain similar to other addictions. The consumption of sugar can lead to dysfunction in brain reward circuits and cravings that are difficult to control. This dysfunction is reflected in impaired behavioral control and relationships as the pursuit of sugar provides temporary relief. Like other addictions, sugar addiction often involves cycles of relapse. The overconsumption of sugar is also linked to increased risk of diseases like hypertension, obesity, diabetes and cardiovascular disease through pathways like increased mitochondrial reactive oxygen species production. Sugar addiction has now reached epidemic levels globally.

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    Sugar Addiction ? !

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    Water Shuriken
    24 views4 pages
    Sugar addiction is a real phenomenon that is characterized as a primary chronic disease of the brain similar to other addictions. The consumption of sugar can lead to dysfunction in brain reward circuits and cravings that are difficult to control. This dysfunction is reflected in impaired behavioral control and relationships as the pursuit of sugar provides temporary relief. Like other addictions, sugar addiction often involves cycles of relapse. The overconsumption of sugar is also linked to increased risk of diseases like hypertension, obesity, diabetes and cardiovascular disease through pathways like increased mitochondrial reactive oxygen species production. Sugar addiction has now reached epidemic levels globally.

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    Sugar addiction is a real phenomenon that is characterized as a primary chronic disease of the brain similar to other addictions. The consumption of sugar can lead to dysfunction in brain reward circuits and cravings that are difficult to control. This dysfunction is reflected in impaired behavioral control and relationships as the pursuit of sugar provides temporary relief. Like other addictions, sugar addiction often involves cycles of relapse. The overconsumption of sugar is also linked to increased risk of diseases like hypertension, obesity, diabetes and cardiovascular disease through pathways like increased mitochondrial reactive oxygen species production. Sugar addiction has now reached epidemic levels globally.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as docx, pdf, or txt
    24 views4 pages

    Sugar Addiction ? !

    Uploaded by

    Water Shuriken
    Sugar addiction is a real phenomenon that is characterized as a primary chronic disease of the brain similar to other addictions. The consumption of sugar can lead to dysfunction in brain reward circuits and cravings that are difficult to control. This dysfunction is reflected in impaired behavioral control and relationships as the pursuit of sugar provides temporary relief. Like other addictions, sugar addiction often involves cycles of relapse. The overconsumption of sugar is also linked to increased risk of diseases like hypertension, obesity, diabetes and cardiovascular disease through pathways like increased mitochondrial reactive oxygen species production. Sugar addiction has now reached epidemic levels globally.

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    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as docx, pdf, or txt
    of 4

    Sugar Addiction ? !

    Every form of addiction is bad, no matter whether the narcotic be alcohol or morphine or
    idealism.

    Carl Jung

    Author
    Prof. Hayk S. Arakelyan. Full Professor in Medicine,
    Doctor of Medical Sciences, Ph.D , Grand Ph.D  .
    Senior Expert of Interactive Clinical Pharmacology , Drug Safety,
    Treatment Tactics, General Medicine and Clinical Research.
    Indroduction.
    Addiction. Addiction is a primary, chronic disease of brain reward, motivation, memory and

    related circuitry. Dysfunction in these circuits leads to characteristic biological, psychological,

    social and spiritual manifestations. This is reflected in an individual pathologically pursuing

    reward and/or relief by substance use and other behaviors. Addiction is characterized by

    inability to consistently abstain, impairment in behavioral control, craving, diminished

    recognition of significant problems with one’s behaviors and interpersonal relationships, and a

    dysfunctional emotional response. Like other chronic diseases, addiction often involves cycles of

    relapse and remission. Without treatment or engagement in recovery activities, addiction is

    progressive and can result in disability.

     Some researchers speak of two types of addictions: substance addictions (for example, 

    alcoholism,food,drug abuse,smoking etc.

    and process addictions (for example, gambling, spending, shopping, eating, and sexual activi
    ty).There is a growing recognition that many addicts, such as polydrug 

    abusers, are addicted to more than one substance orprocess.

    The neurobiology of addiction encompasses more than the neurochemistry of reward.

    The frontal cortex of the brain and underlying white matter connections between the frontal

    cortex and circuits of reward, motivation and memory are fundamental in the manifestations of

    altered impulse control, altered judgment, and the dysfunctional pursuit of rewards (which is

    often experienced by the affected person as a desire to “be normal”) seen in addiction--despite

    cumulative adverse consequences experienced from engagement in substance use and other

    addictive behaviors. The frontal lobes are important in inhibiting impulsivity and in assisting

    individuals to appropriately delay gratification. When persons with addiction manifest problems

    in deferring gratification, there is a neurological locus of these problems in the frontal cortex.

    Frontal lobe morphology, connectivity and functioning are still in the process of maturation

    during adolescence and young adulthood, and early exposure to substance use is another

    significant factor in the development of addiction. Many neuroscientists believe that

    developmental morphology is the basis that makes early-life exposure to substances such an

    important factor.

    History. Centuries ago, well before a sugar industry first saw the light of day in Europe, sugar

    was already a food in great demand. In the middle ages, honey above all was used to provide a

    sweet taste to food. Later, sugar refineries were built in Europe, processing imported raw cane

    sugar into white sugar. In this way, sugar cane came to be the first plant to supply the European
    sugar market with sugar. The work to extract sugar from beets was started at the beginning of the

    17th century by Olivier de Serres, a French agronomist. De Serres was the first to work on the

    extraction of crystal sugar from beets, but without success. In 1745, the German chemist

    Sigmund Marggraf became the first to extract and solidify the juice of this plant. Forty years

    later, Franz Karl Achard took up Marggraf’s work once more. He improved beet cultivation

    and in 1802 opened the first experimental factory, with such satisfactory results that several more

    factories were built in Silesia and Bohemia.There are various types of sugar derived from

    different sources.
    Noli Nocere !!!!

    Sugar induced diseases.

    Role of sugar in the epidemic of hypertension, obesity and the metabolic


    syndrome, diabetes, kidney disease, and cardiovascular disease.
    Currently, we are experiencing an epidemic of cardiorenal disease characterized by increasing
    rates of obesity, hypertension, the metabolic syndrome, type 2 diabetes, and kidney disease.
    Whereas excessive caloric intake and physical inactivity are likely important factors driving the
    obesity epidemic, it is important to consider additional mechanisms. Sugar has a critical role in
    the epidemic of cardiorenal disease. 
    Glucose and Generation of Reactive Oxygen Species
    Glucose can generate ROS through various ways including mitochondria, nicotinamide adenine
    dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH)-oxidase, sorbitol pathway, activated glycation, and insulin
    pathway.

    Mitochondrial Generation of Reactive Oxygen Species.


    The increase in glucose metabolism generates reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide and
    reduced flavin adenine dinucleotide, which increases the generation of O2 − that is converted to
    H2O2 and •OH in the mitochondria.[9] The increased metabolic flux of glucose via mitochondrial
    glucose oxidation leads to an increased production of ROS.

    Glucose and Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide Phosphate-Oxidase


    The NADPH-oxidase system is a membrane-associated enzyme complex that lies dormant and is
    present in the vascular endothelium and smooth muscle cells, cardiomyocytes, macrophages, and
    neutrophils. Activated NADPH-oxidase catalyzes the reduction of O2 to O2 − by way of NADPH
    derived from the pentose phosphate pathway.

    Deadly Sugar Addiction Has Reached Epidemic Levels.!

    To be continued ....

    If you have any questions concerning    ’ Sugar Addiction ?!’,interactive clinical

    pharmacology , or any other questions,please inform me.                                  

     Prof. Hayk S. Arakelyan

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