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19FTM03. Spline Centering, Piloting, and Toggle: Torsional Stiffness, Shaft Bending, and Centering of Moment Loads

The document discusses spline centering under different load conditions including torque, radial load, and moment load. It describes the behavior of spline interfaces in different alignment states created by part geometry and loads. It also provides a chart showing misalignment load factor vs torque and stiffness ratio.

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96 views1 page

19FTM03. Spline Centering, Piloting, and Toggle: Torsional Stiffness, Shaft Bending, and Centering of Moment Loads

The document discusses spline centering under different load conditions including torque, radial load, and moment load. It describes the behavior of spline interfaces in different alignment states created by part geometry and loads. It also provides a chart showing misalignment load factor vs torque and stiffness ratio.

Uploaded by

gio
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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19FTM03.

Spline Centering, Piloting, and Toggle: Torsional Stiffness, Shaft Bending, and Centering of
Moment Loads
Author: Stephen McKenny and Dustin Eseltine
Common practice for a splined joint is to assume that the load is theoretically transmitted along the entire length of
the tooth face, but several factors, including axial spline length and the ratio of hub to shaft torsional stiffness, can
impact how the load is distributed along the tooth face. Previous papers have considered the effect of pure torque
and combined torque plus radial load, but few have described the impact of splines loaded with torque plus both
moment and radial load.
A spline with short axial length, if sufficient torque is applied, can center a hub that is subjected to a radial load. A
sufficiently long spline may be able to center a hub that has both radial and moment loads acting upon it – but if
the hub torsional stiffness is much higher than the shaft stiffness there may not be sufficient torque transfer at the
far end of the spline to center the hub against its moment load.
This paper describes the behavior of spline interfaces in piloted (radially offset), full toggle, half toggle, and
centered alignment states. These alignment states are created by a combination of part geometry and load
conditions. Part geometry includes the influence of torsional stiffness of the hub relative to the shaft stiffness, and
spline length to diameter ratio. Load conditions considered include combinations of torque, radial load, and
moment load. Splines with a large length-to-diameter ratio are modeled as a set of two short splines to describe
their alignment state. The amount of misalignment allowed in piloted, full toggle, and half toggle is calculated, and
a chart of misalignment load factor vs. torque and stiffness ratio (hub to shaft) is provided.
ISBN: 978-1-64353-042-0

19FTM04. Optimal Polymer Gear Design: Metal-to-Plastic Conversion


Author: Alexander Kapelevich
Recent achievements in polymer development have inspired a tendency to replace metal gears with plastic ones
in many moderately loaded mass-produced gear drives. This metal-to-plastic conversion takes advantage of the
benefits of plastic gears, such as low production cost, reduced weight and inertia, low noise and vibration, zero
corrosion and electric current conductivity, and the advantages of the injection molding process in producing
complicated multifunctional parts. However, a simple material replacement is insufficient for a successful metal-to-
plastic conversion. Some polymer material limitations — low strength and wear resistance, low thermal
conductivity that reduces maximum operating temperature, sensitivity to operating conditions (temperature and
humidity), limited injection molding process accuracy — must be compensated for by innovative gear design.
Unlike machined metal gears, which are typically constrained by standard tooth proportions and hobbing rack
generation technology, a polymer gear injection molding process allows for a deep optimization of gear tooth
geometry. Such optimization of plastic gears for a particular custom application, essential for a metal-to-plastic
conversion, is comprehensively covered by the Direct Gear Design method.
The article describes the optimal selection of operating pressure angle and contact ratio to maximize load sharing
between contacting tooth pairs, and root fillet optimization to minimize root stress concentration.
The article presents a numerical example of a metal-to-plastic conversion, comparing a standard steel gear pair to
its replacement polymer gears, whose optimal design utilizes all the advantages of polymer materials and
compensates for their limitations. It outlines basic guidelines for optimal polymer gear design.
ISBN: 978-1-64353-043-7

Obsolete documents should not be used; please use replacements. Most obsolete and superseded documents are
available for purchase. Contact AGMA Headquarters for pricing and availability.

AGMA Publications Catalog 32 April 2020

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