Parts and Functions of The Motherboard

Parts and Functions of the Motherboard
PCIe (peripheral component interconnect express)

Is an interface standard for connecting high-speed components. Every desktop PC
motherboard has a number of PCIe slots you can use to add GPUs (aka video cards
aka graphics cards), RAID cards, Wi-Fi cards or SSD (solid-state drive) add-on cards.
PCI Express A high-speed hardware interface from Intel for connecting peripheral devices. PCI
Express (PCIe) was introduced in 2002, and by the mid-2000s, motherboards had at least one PCIe
slot for the graphics card. PCIe is also used for hard drives, SSDs, Wi-Fi and Ethernet. Introduced in
2002 as "Third Generation I/O" (3GIO), PCIe superseded both PCI and PCI-X.
Conventional PCI
Often shortened to PCI, is a local computer bus for attaching hardware devices in
a computer. PCI is an abbreviation for Peripheral Component Interconnect[2] and is
part of the PCI Local Bus standard. The PCI bus supports the functions found on
a processor bus but in a standardized format that is independent of any particular
processor's native bus. Devices connected to the PCI bus appear to a bus master to be
connected directly to its own bus and are assigned addresses in the
processor's address space[3]. It is a parallel bus, synchronous to a single bus clock. A
Peripheral Component Interconnect (PCI) slot is a connecting apparatus for a 32-bit computer bus.
These tools are built into the motherboards of computers and devices in order to allow for the
addition of PCI devices like modems, network hardware or sound and video cards.
CPU socket
Or CPU slot contains one or more mechanical components providing mechanical and
electrical connections between a microprocessor and a printed circuit board (PCB). This
allows for placing and replacing the central processing unit(CPU) without soldering.
CPU sockets are used on the motherboard in desktop and server computers. Because
they allow easy swapping of components, they are also used for prototyping new
circuits. Laptops typically use surface-mount CPUs, which take up less space on the
motherboard than a socketed part.
RAM slot
Is what allows RAM (computer memory) to be inserted into the

computer. Depending on the motherboard, there may be two to
four memory slots(sometimes more on high-end motherboards) and are
what determine the type of RAM used with the computer. The most
common types of RAM are SDRAM and DDR for desktop computers
and SODIMM for laptop computers, each having various types and
speeds. The picture below is an example of what memory slots may look
like inside a desktop computer. In this picture, there are three open and
available slots for three memory sticks.
Case Connectors
On the side of the motherboard closest to the front of the computer case are the case
connectors, a bank of pins to which very small wires attach. The case connectors are
used for the power and status lights on the front of the computer case, as well as the
power button that turns the computer on.
Add-on Card Connectors

Many motherboards have connectors for computer add-on cards. These connectors are
long slots into which the cards are inserted. There are several types of add-on card
connectors. Some of the most common include Peripheral Component Interconnect
Express (PCIe) and Accelerated Graphics Port (AGP), used mainly for video cards, and
conventional Peripheral Component Interconnect (PCI), used for other types of add-on
cards such as sound cards and storage controllers.
Southbridge
Is one of the two chips in the core logic chipset on a personal
computer (PC) motherboard, the other being the northbridge. The southbridge typically
implements the slower capabilities of the motherboard in a
northbridge/southbridge chipset computer architecture. In systems with Intel chipsets,
the southbridge is named I/O Controller Hub (ICH), while AMD has named its
southbridge Fusion Controller Hub (FCH) since the introduction of its Fusion AMD
Accelerated Processing Unit(APU).
The southbridge can usually be distinguished from the northbridge by not being directly
connected to the CPU. Rather, the northbridge ties the southbridge to the CPU.
Through the use of controller integrated channel circuitry, the northbridge can directly
link signals from the I/O units to the CPU for data control and access. The SouthBridge
(also called the input/output controller or expansion controller) handles communications between
slower peripheral devices. It is also called the ICH (I/O Controller Hub). The term "bridge" is generally
used to designate a component which connects two buses. C
CMOS battery.
A battery that maintains the time, date, hard disk and other configuration settings in
the CMOS memory. CMOS batteries are small and are attached directly to the
motherboard.

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Parts and Functions of the Motherboard

PCIe (peripheral component interconnect express)

Is what allows RAM (computer memory) to be inserted into the

Add-on Card Connectors

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