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    Cubic Polynomials: 11 2 5 1 5 Remainder

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    Paula Fana
    Cubic polynomials can be expressed as y = ax3 + bx2 + cx + d, where a ≠ 0. They can be factored using methods like long division, synthetic division, or inspection. Synthetic division is more efficient than long division, as it allows determining the quotient and remainder of polynomials by considering only their coefficients, without rewriting each term. The general process involves writing the coefficients of the dividend below a line, those of the quotient above the line, and determining subsequent coefficients by adding terms based on the previous coefficient and the divisor.

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    Cubic Polynomials: 11 2 5 1 5 Remainder

    Uploaded by

    Paula Fana
    25 views6 pages
    Cubic polynomials can be expressed as y = ax3 + bx2 + cx + d, where a ≠ 0. They can be factored using methods like long division, synthetic division, or inspection. Synthetic division is more efficient than long division, as it allows determining the quotient and remainder of polynomials by considering only their coefficients, without rewriting each term. The general process involves writing the coefficients of the dividend below a line, those of the quotient above the line, and determining subsequent coefficients by adding terms based on the previous coefficient and the divisor.

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    Cubic polynomials

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    Cubic polynomials can be expressed as y = ax3 + bx2 + cx + d, where a ≠ 0. They can be factored using methods like long division, synthetic division, or inspection. Synthetic division is more efficient than long division, as it allows determining the quotient and remainder of polynomials by considering only their coefficients, without rewriting each term. The general process involves writing the coefficients of the dividend below a line, those of the quotient above the line, and determining subsequent coefficients by adding terms based on the previous coefficient and the divisor.

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    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    25 views6 pages

    Cubic Polynomials: 11 2 5 1 5 Remainder

    Uploaded by

    Paula Fana
    Cubic polynomials can be expressed as y = ax3 + bx2 + cx + d, where a ≠ 0. They can be factored using methods like long division, synthetic division, or inspection. Synthetic division is more efficient than long division, as it allows determining the quotient and remainder of polynomials by considering only their coefficients, without rewriting each term. The general process involves writing the coefficients of the dividend below a line, those of the quotient above the line, and determining subsequent coefficients by adding terms based on the previous coefficient and the divisor.

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    You are on page 1of 6

    Cubic polynomials

    We know that 11 divided by 2 gives an answer of 5 with a remainder 1.


    11 11 1
    = 5 remainder = 5+
    2 2 2

    This means that:

    We can write a general expression for the rule of division; if an integer a is divided by an
    integer b, then the answer is q with a remainder r.
    𝑎 𝑟
    = 𝑞+ 𝑏𝑎 = 𝑏×𝑞+𝑟
    𝑏 𝑏
    𝑤ℎ𝑒𝑟𝑒 𝑏 ≠ 0 𝑎𝑛𝑑 0 ≤ 𝑟 < 𝑏.
    This rule can be extended to include the division of polynomials; if a polynomial 𝑎(𝑥) is
    divided by a polynomial 𝑏(𝑥), then the answer is 𝑄(𝑥) with a remainder 𝑅(𝑥).
    𝑎(𝑥) = 𝑏(𝑥) × 𝑄(𝑥) + 𝑅(𝑥)
    where 𝑏(𝑥) ≠ 0.
    In words: the dividend is equal to the divisor multiplied by the quotient, plus the remainder.

    A cubic polynomial is an expression with the highest power equal to 3; we say that the degree
    of the polynomial is 3.
    The general form of a cubic polynomial is

    𝑦 = 𝑎𝑥 3 + 𝑏𝑥 2 + 𝑐𝑥 + 𝑑
    where 𝑎 ≠ 0.
    In Grade 10 we learnt how to factorise the sum and difference of two cubes by first finding a
    factor (the first bracket) and then using inspection (the second bracket). For example,

    𝑝3 + 8 = (𝑝 + 2)(𝑝2 − 2𝑝 + 4)
    𝑘 3 − 1 = (𝑘 − 1)(𝑘 2 + 𝑘 + 1)

    In this section we focus on factorising cubic polynomials with one variable (univariate)
    where b and c are not zero.
    We use the following methods for factorising cubic polynomials:

     long division
     synthetic division
     inspection
    Synthetic division is a simpler and more efficient method for dividing polynomials. It
    allows us to determine the quotient and the remainder by considering the coefficients of the
    terms in each of the polynomials without needing to rewrite the variable and exponent for
    each term.
    If a term of a certain degree is missing from 𝑎(𝑥), then write the term with a coefficient
    of 0.
    For example, 𝑎(𝑥) = 5𝑥 3 + 6𝑥 − 1
    should be written as 𝑎(𝑥) = 5𝑥 3 + 0𝑥 2 + 6𝑥 − 1.
    Notice that for synthetic division:

     the coefficients of the dividend (𝑎(𝑥)) are written below the horizontal line.
     the coefficients of the quotient (𝑄(𝑥)) are written above the horizontal line.
     we add coefficients instead of subtracting as is the case with long division
     we use the opposite sign of the divisor (𝑏(𝑥)); the divisor is (𝑥 − 1) and we use +1.
     the coefficient of the 𝑥 term in the divisor is 1, so 𝑞2 = 𝑎3

    General method: given the dividend 𝑎(𝑥) = 𝑎3 𝑥 3 + 𝑎2 𝑥 2 + 𝑎1 𝑥 1 + 𝑎0 𝑥 0 and the


    divisor (𝑐𝑥 − 𝑑), we determine the quotient 𝑄(𝑥) = 𝑞2 𝑥 2 + 𝑞1 𝑥 1 + 𝑞0 𝑥 0 and the
    remainder 𝑅(𝑥) using:
    We determine the coefficients of the quotient by calculating:

    𝑑
    𝑞2 = 𝑎3 + (𝑞3 × ) = 𝑎3 (𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑐𝑒 𝑞3 = 𝟎)
    𝑐
    𝑑
    𝑞1 = 𝑎2 + (𝑞2 × )
    𝑐
    𝑑
    𝑞0 = 𝑎1 + (𝑞1 × )
    𝑐
    𝑑
    𝑅 = 𝑎0 + (𝑞0 × )
    𝑐

    Important note: 𝑎(𝑥) is a function and 𝑎3 , 𝑎2 , 𝑎1 and 𝑎0 are coefficients.

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