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    DSP IC WordLength

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    Nandhini Manokaran
    The document discusses various types of errors that can occur from finite word length effects in digital signal processing systems, including overflow errors, round-off errors, aliasing errors, and coefficient errors. It also describes how these nonlinearities can cause parasitic oscillations in systems.

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    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
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    DSP IC WordLength

    Uploaded by

    Nandhini Manokaran
    23 views8 pages
    The document discusses various types of errors that can occur from finite word length effects in digital signal processing systems, including overflow errors, round-off errors, aliasing errors, and coefficient errors. It also describes how these nonlinearities can cause parasitic oscillations in systems.

    Original Title

    DSP_IC_WordLength

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    The document discusses various types of errors that can occur from finite word length effects in digital signal processing systems, including overflow errors, round-off errors, aliasing errors, and coefficient errors. It also describes how these nonlinearities can cause parasitic oscillations in systems.

    Copyright:

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    23 views8 pages

    DSP IC WordLength

    Uploaded by

    Nandhini Manokaran
    The document discusses various types of errors that can occur from finite word length effects in digital signal processing systems, including overflow errors, round-off errors, aliasing errors, and coefficient errors. It also describes how these nonlinearities can cause parasitic oscillations in systems.

    Copyright:

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    You are on page 1of 8

    1

    Finite Word Length Effects

    ■ Overflow of the number range


    Large errors in the output signal occur when the available number range
    is exceeded—overflow. Overflow nonlinearities can be the cause of so-
    called parasitic oscillations.

    ■ Round-off errors
    Rounding or truncation of products must be done in recursive loops so that
    the word length does not increase for each iteration.
    The errors that occur under normal operating conditions can be modeled
    as white noise, but both rounding and truncation are nonlinear operations
    that may cause parasitic oscillations.
    Floating-point addition also causes errors because of the denormalization
    and normalization of the numbers involved.

    DSP Integrated Circuits Department of Electrical Engineering larsw@isy.liu.se


    Lars Wanhammar Linköping University http://www.es.isy.liu.se/
    2
    ■ Aliasing errors
    Aliasing and imaging errors occur in A/D and D/A converters and when
    the sample rate is changed in multirate systems.
    These nonlinearities may cause nonharmonic distortion.

    ■ Coefficient errors
    Coefficients can only be represented with finite precision.
    This results in a static deviation from the ideal frequency response for a
    digital filter.

    DSP Integrated Circuits Department of Electrical Engineering larsw@isy.liu.se


    Lars Wanhammar Linköping University http://www.es.isy.liu.se/
    3
    Parasitic Oscillations
    Parasitic oscillations are caused by nonlinearities.

    Zero-Input Oscillations

    x(n) y(n)

    T
    b1
    Q

    T
    b2
    Q

    Most studied in the literature because its is the simplest case.

    DSP Integrated Circuits Department of Electrical Engineering larsw@isy.liu.se


    Lars Wanhammar Linköping University http://www.es.isy.liu.se/
    4

    Input x(n)
    1
    Zero input

    0 n

    Output y(n)
    50Q

    Rounding after multiplications

    0 n

    Parasitic oscillation

    Output y(n)
    50Q

    Truncation after multiplications

    0 n

    Parasitic oscillation with DC offset

    DSP Integrated Circuits Department of Electrical Engineering larsw@isy.liu.se


    Lars Wanhammar Linköping University http://www.es.isy.liu.se/
    5
    Overflow Oscillations

    x(n)
    y(n)

    b1 T

    T
    b2

    xQ xQ
    1–Q 1–Q

    x x
    –2 –1 1 2 –2 –1 1 2

    –1 –1

    Two's-complement overflow Saturation arithmetic


    characteristic
    DSP Integrated Circuits Department of Electrical Engineering larsw@isy.liu.se
    Lars Wanhammar Linköping University http://www.es.isy.liu.se/
    6

    Input x(n)
    1
    Zero input

    0 n

    Output y(n) Two´s complement arithmetic


    1

    0 n

    Parasitic overflow oscillation

    Output y(n)
    1

    Saturation arithmetic

    0 n

    DSP Integrated Circuits Department of Electrical Engineering larsw@isy.liu.se


    Lars Wanhammar Linköping University http://www.es.isy.liu.se/
    7
    Periodic Input Oscillations

    1 Input x(n)
    Disturbance

    1 Output y(n)

    See also sections 5.2.4 Nonobservable Parasitic Oscillations and


    5.2.5 Parasitic Oscillations In Algorithms Using Floating-Point Arithmetic

    DSP Integrated Circuits Department of Electrical Engineering larsw@isy.liu.se


    Lars Wanhammar Linköping University http://www.es.isy.liu.se/
    8
    Quantization in WDFs

    T T T
    b3 a 3 b4 a 4 … bN aN
    G3 G4 GN b2
    a1

    G1 Adaptor Network G2
    b1 a2

    N
    p ( n ) =∆ ∑ Gk [ ak ( n ) 2 – bk ( n ) 2 ]
    k=1

    Quantization rule for WDFs


     b ( n ) Q < b ( n ) exact

     b ( n ) Q b ( n ) exact ≥ 0

    DSP Integrated Circuits Department of Electrical Engineering larsw@isy.liu.se


    Lars Wanhammar Linköping University http://www.es.isy.liu.se/

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