Name: Roll No: Class: XI Date: 24-04-2020 Subject: Physics Topic: Unit-1, Chapter-2 Units and Measurements 2020-21

Name : Roll No : Class : XI
Date : 24-04-2020 Subject : PHYSICS

Topic : UNIT-1,CHAPTER-2 UNITS AND MEASUREMENTS
2020- 21
Science-Science is an organized ,systematic and formulated knowledge obtained through

experiments ,observations and their calculations.
Physics-It is the branch of science that deals with the study of nature and natural phenomena.
Unit-A unit is an internationally accepted standard for measurements of quantities.
The comparison of any physical quantity with its standard unit is called measurement.
Physical Quantities All the quantities in terms of which laws of physics are described, and
whose measurement is necessary are called physical quantities. Units of a definite amount of a
physical quantity is taken as its standard unit.
. Fundamental Units Those physical quantities which are independent to each other are called
fundamental quantities and their units are called fundamental units
. S.No. Fundamental Quantities Fundamental Units Symbol
1. Length metre m
2. Mass kilogram kg
3. Time second S
4. Temperature Kelvin kg
5 Electric current ampere A
6 Luminous intensity candela cd
7 Amount of substance mole mol
Supplementary Fundamental Units Radian and steradian are two supplementary fundamental
units. It measures plane angle and solid angle respectively.
S.No. Supplementary Fundamental Quantities Supplementary Unit Symbol
1 Plane angle radian rad
2 Solid angle steradian Sr
Derived Units Those physical quantities which are derived from fundamental quantities are
called derived quantities and their units are called derived units. e.g., velocity, acceleration,
force, work etc.
Definitions of Fundamental Units The seven fundamental units of SI have been defined as
under:
1. 1 kilogram A cylindrical prototype mass made of platinum and iridium alloys of height 39
mm and diameter 39 mm. It is mass of 5.0188 x 1025 atoms of carbon-12.
2. 1 metre 1 metre is the distance that contains 1650763.73 wavelength of orange-red light of
Kr-86.
3. 1 second 1 second is the time in which cesium atom vibrates 9192631770 times in an atomic
clock.
4. 1 kelvin 1 kelvin is the (1/273.16) part of the thermodynamics temperature of the triple point
of water.
5. 1 candela 1 candela is (1/60) luminous intensity of an ideal source by an area of cm’ when
source is at melting point of platinum (1760°C).
6. 1 ampere 1 ampere is the electric current which it maintained in two straight parallel
conductor of infinite length and of negligible cross-section area placed one metre apart in
vacuum will produce between them a force 2 x 10-7 N per metre length.
7. 1 mole 1 mole is the amount of substance of a system which contains a many elementary
entities (may be atoms, molecules, ions, electrons or group of particles, as this and atoms in
0.012 kg of carbon isotope 6C 12 .
Systems of Units A system of units is the complete set of units, both fundamental and derived,
for all kinds of physical quantities. The common system of units which are used in mechanics are
given below:
1. CGS System In this system, the unit of length is centimetre, the unit of mass is gram and the
unit of time is second.
2. FPS System In this system, the unit of length is foot, the unit of mass is pound and the unit of
time is second.
3. MKS System In this system, the unit of length is metre, the unit of mass is kilogram and the
unit of time is second.
4. SI System This system contain seven fundamental units and two supplementary fundamental
units.
Relationship between Some Mechanical SI Unit and Commonly Used Units S.No.
Physical Quantity Unit
1 Length (a) 1 micrometre = 10-6 m
(b) 1 angstrom =10-10 m
2 Mass (a) 1 metric ton = 103 kg
(b) 1 pound = 0.4537 kg
(c) 1 amu = 1.66 x10-23 kg
3 Volume 1 litre = 10-32 m 3
4. Force (a) 1 dyne = 10-5 N
(b) 1 kgf = 9.81 N
5. Pressure (a) 1 kgfm2 = 9.81Nm-2
(b) 1 mm of Hg = 133 Nm-2
(c) 1 pascal = 1 Nm-2
(d) 1 atmosphere pressure = 76
cm of Hg = 1.01 x 105 pascal
6. Work and energy (a) 1 erg =10-7 J

(b) 1 kgf-m = 9.81 J
(c) 1 kWh = 3.6 x 106 J
(d) 1 eV = 1.6 x 10-19 J
7. Power (a) 1 kgf- ms-1 = 9.81W
(b)1 horse power = 746 W
Some Practical Units
1. 1 fermi =10-15 m
2. 1 X-ray unit = 10-13 m
3. 1 astronomical unit = 1.49 x 1011 m (average distance between sun and earth)
4. 1 light year = 9.46 x 1015 m
5. 1 parsec = 3.08 x 1016 m = 3.26 light year
Some Approximate Masses of Objects (in Kilogram)
Our galaxy 2 x 1041
Sun 2 x 1030
Moon 7 x 1022
Asteroid Eros 5 x 1015
Relation between number and unit
A physical quantity can be expressed as
X=nU
Here n-number
U-unit
It should be noted that n1U1=n2U2
e.g. 1kg=1000g
Also n∞1/U i.e. larger is the unit smaller will be the number.
Characteristics of a Standard Unit
Following are the important characteristics of standard unit:
(i) It should be easily understandable.
(ii) It should be changed with change in physical factors
(iii) It should not change with place or time
(iv) It should be easily reproducible at all the places.
Advantage of S.I.system of units:
(i) S.I. has broader base. It has seven base units and two supplementary units.
(ii) S.I. is rational, i.e., it gives one unit for one physical quantity, e.g., for energy of any type,
i.e., mechanical or heat or electrical. There is only one unit, Joule (J) but in M.K.S. system unit
for mechanical energy is Joule.
(iii) S.I. is coherent.
(iv) S.I. is metric.
(v) S.I. is the modernised and improved form of M.K.S. system so it is readily accepted in
almost all the countries of the world.
(vi) The symbols fixed by S.I. are not subject to change
whatever may be the language, e.g., unit of mass kilogram having symbol ‘kg’ has to be written
like this only in French or German or Hindi or Punjabi etc.

Name: Roll No: Class: XI Date: 24-04-2020 Subject: Physics Topic: Unit-1, Chapter-2 Units and Measurements 2020-21

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Name: Roll No: Class: XI Date: 24-04-2020 Subject: Physics Topic: Unit-1, Chapter-2 Units and Measurements 2020-21

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Name : Roll No : Class : XI

Date : 24-04-2020 Subject : PHYSICS

Science-Science is an organized ,systematic and formulated knowledge obtained through

6. Work and energy (a) 1 erg =10-7 J

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