Hacker TOEIC Reading PDF

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Hackers TOEIC Reading

David Cho
a NTV
NHA XUAT BAN TO'nG H0P Cong ty TNHH
THANH PHd' H6 CHI MINH Nhan Tri Viet
Hackers TOEIC READING!
Copyright © 201 1, David Cho
Published in Vietnam, 2012
This edition is published in Vietnam under a license Agreement between Hackers Language Research Institute Co., Ltd.
and Nhan Tri Viet Co., Ltd. through KL Management.
All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form
or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without the prior written permission of
the copyright owner.
Preface
TOEIC is an English test taken by non-native speakers who want to use

English in their international workplace.
In actual fact, TOEIC is a very challenging examination. One reason for this
is TOEIC questions use many difficult words. Learners, therefore, need a
considerable number of business-related vocabulary items. Another reason
is TOEIC questions actually require logical thinking. Many candidates who
are not familiar with vocabulary items and not comfortable with this type of
thinking may find the test hard to attain the score they need.
Before you start studying for the test, the first thing you should do is set
a goal. If you are taking the test in order to apply for a job, find out what
proficiency level is required. Next, find relevant and beneficial materials to
practice so as to develop your test-taking strategies.
Being aware of the practical demand of learners, we have designed a set of

Hackers books at basic and intermediate levels - Hackers TOEIC Lis¬
tening and Hackers TOEIC Reading whose materials and questions
are well selected from a variety of sources and from the most recent TOEIC
tests. A lot of clear and detailed explanations plus a wide range of practice
activities in these books will certainly meet your needs and enable you to
achieve a high score on the TOEIC test.
This series of books can be used in class with the assistance of an instruct¬
or or for self-study.
Hopefully, you will find these books truly practical and helpful, and you will
soon achieve your expected goal.
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Hackers TOEIC Reading CONTENTS Hackers TOEIC Reading
Main Features 7 | Main Parts 8 | About TOEIC to 03 Active and Passive Voices of Perception Verbs
04 Expressions of the Passive Form
TOEIC Tips 12 | TOEIC Reading Test 14 |
Your Current Level & Preferred Learning Styles 18 | Chapter 08 Subjunctives_ 100
Diagnostic Test 21 01 Future /Past /Past Perfect/Mixed Subjunctive
02 Other Structures of Subjunctives
GRAMMAR Parts 5, 6
Ml BSBI1
o ' Basic Sentence Elements Chapter 09 To-infinitives 108
Chapter 01 Subjects, Verbs 42 01 Forms of To-infinitives and Their Subjects
01 Subjects 02 Functions of To-infinitives
02 Dummy Subject It 03 Verbs /Nouns /Adjectives Followed by a To-infinitive
03 Dummy Subject There 04 Bare Infinitives as Object Complements
04 Verbs
Number/Tense/Voice of a Verb
Chapter 10 Gerunds 116
05
06 Verbs in the Imperative 01 Functions, Forms of Gerunds and Their Subjects
02 Verbs Followed by a Gerund
Chapter 02 Objects, Complements 52 03 Gerunds vs. Nouns
01 Objects 04 Common Expressions with Gerunds
02 Dummy Object It
03 Complements
Chapter 11 Participles 124
04 Noun Complements vs. Adjective Complements 01 Functions of Participles
02 Participial Phrases
Chapter 03 Modifiers 60 03 Present Participles vs. Past Participles
01 Modifiers 04 Confusing Expressions
02 Modifying Phrases, Modifying Clauses
Chapter 12 Nouns 134

Chapter 04 Forms and Types of English Verbs 68 01 Positions of Nouns
01 Modal /Auxiliary Verb + Bare Infinitive 02 Count Nouns vs. Non-Count Nouns
02 Auxiliary Verb Be /Have + Participle Form 03 Determiners and Nouns
03 Transitive Verbs, Intransitive Verbs 04 Concrete Nouns vs. Abstract Nouns
04 Bare Infinitives in That-Clauses 05 Compound Nouns
06 Common Nouns in TOEIC
Chapter 05 Subject-Verb Agreement 76
01 Subject-Verb Agreement in Number Chapter 13 Pronouns_ 144
02 Subject-Verb Agreement with Expressions of Quantity 01 Personal Pronouns, Possessive Pronouns, Possessive
03 Subject-Verb Agreement with Coordinating and Adjectives
Correlative Conjunctions 02 Reflexive Pronouns
04 Subject-Verb Agreement in Relative Clauses 03 Demonstrative Pronouns, Demonstrative Adjectives
04 Indefinite Pronouns /Adjectives (1): One, Another, Other
Chapter 06 Tenses 84 05 Indefinite Pronouns /Adjectives (2): Some /Any, No /None,
01 Present /Past /Future Simple Tense Most
02 Present /Past /Future Progressive Tense 06 Agreement between Nouns and Pronouns/Possessive Adjectives
03 Present /Past /Future Perfect Tense
04 Agreement in Tense Chapter 14 Adjectives 154
01 Positions of Adjectives
Chapter 07 Active Voice, Passive Voice 92 02 Quantifiers as Adjectives and Indefinite Pronouns
01 Identifying Active / Passive Sentences 03 Confusing Adjectives
02 Passive Voice of Verbs in Sentence Structures 4 and 5 04 Expressions with Be + Adjective
4 - Harkprc TOPIC Rpadino www.nhantriviet.com

Chapter 15 Adverbs 162 Chapter 22 Parallelism, Inversion 232
01 Functions and Positions of Adverbs 01 Parallelism
02 Confusing Adverbs 02 Inversion
03 Adverbs of Time
04 Adverbs of Frequency
05 Connecting Adverbs VOCABULARY Parts 5, 6
06 Emphasizing Adverbs (1)
07 Emphasizing Adverbs (2) Sect 4
Collocations
08 Other Adverbs
Chapter 01 Collocations with Prepositions 244
Chapter 16 Prepositions 174 Chapter 02 Collocations with Adjectives 250
01 Preposition In/At/On Chapter 03 Collocations with Verbs (1) 256
02 Prepositions of Time Chapter 04 Collocations with Verbs (2) 262
03 Prepositions of Place Chapter 05 Collocations with Nouns 268
04 Prepositions of Direction Chapter 06 Other Collocations 274
05 Prepositions of Reason, Concession, Purpose, Exception,
and Addition
06 Preposition Of and Others
07 Other Prepositions
Chapter 07 Verbs 282
08 Common Expressions Formed by Verb/Adjective/Noun + Chapter 08 Nouns 292
Preposition Chapter 09 Adjectives 302
ChapterlO Adverbs 312
Coniunctions and Clauses
IS Content Words with Similar Meamna
Chapter 17 Coordinating Conjunctions, Correlative
Conjunctions
Chapter 11 Verbs with Similar Meaning 322
188
Chapter 12 Nouns with Similar Meaning 328
01 Coordinating Conjunctions
02 Correlative Conjunctions Chapter 13 Adjectives, Adverbs with Similar Meaning 334
Chapter 18 Noun Clauses 194

01 Positions of Noun Clauses READING
02 Noun Clauses Introduced by That
03 Noun Clauses Introduced by If/Whether es ot Questions
04 Noun Clauses Introduced by an Interrogative Word Chapter 01 Overview Questions 348
05 Noun Clauses Introduced by a Compound Relative Pronoun Chapter 02 Information Questions 354
06 Distinguishing between What and That Chapter 03 NOT/TRUE Questions 360
Chapter 19 Relative Clauses 204 Chapter 04 Inference Questions 366
01 Positions and Functions of Relative Clauses Chapter 05 Synonym Questions 372
02 Relative Pronouns
03 Usage of Relative Pronouns
04 Relative Adverbs Chapter 06 E-mails/Letters 384
Chapter 20 Adverb Clauses 212
Chapter 07 Advertisements 390
01 Positions and Functions of Adverb Clauses
Chapter 08 Notices & Announcements 396
02 Conjunctions in Adverb Clauses of Time Chapter 09 Articles & Reports 402
03 Conjunctions in Adverb Clauses of Condition and Concession Chapter 10 Memorandums 408
04 Conjunctions in Adverb Clauses of Reason, Purpose, Result, Chapter 11 Information 414
Exception and Others Chapter 12 Non-Prose Readings 420
05 Compound Relative Adverbs /Pronouns
06 Adverb Clause Conjunctions vs. Prepositions Double Passages
Chapter 13 E-mail /Letter-Related Readings 428
S. * ' " Special Structuies Chapter 14 Advertisement-Related Readings 434
Chapter 21 Comparison 224 Chapter 15 Announcement-Related Readings 440
01 Comparison of Equality Chapter 16 Article-Related Readings 446
02 Comparative Chapter 17 Non-Prose-Related Readings 452
03 Superlative
04 Other Structures of Comparison
Actual Tests 459 Essential Vocabulary & 459
Expressions 513 Answers 543 543
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Main Features
This book contains the following features:
01. A large collection of actual questions
02. Ac omprehensive presentation of English grammar points
03. A combination of fundamental theories and actual practice
04. Typical questions and useful tips for doing the TOEIC Reading test
05. Essential vocabulary and expressions for each part of the TOEIC Reading
test
06. Two actual tests
Wwvv.nriantriviet.com Main Pratuÿ -i

Main Parts c ke r 0 Read
This book includes the following parts:
01 . Diagnostic Test
A diagnostic test is given for you to find out your current level of English and be able to decide
appropriate study plan and put this book into full use.
02. Grammar: Basic Points

A brief introduction to basic and essential grammar points is shown to help you get a general idea of
the fundamentals of English grammar.
03. Grammar: Explanations

All basic and essential English grammar points are then clearly explained to facilitate you in doing
Parts 5 and 6 of the TOEIC test.
04. Grammar: TOEIC Questions

You will have a chance to put what you have just learned into practice by doing three typical TOEIC
questions at the end of every grammar point presented.
05. Vocabulary & Reading: Types of Questions and Useful Tips

Typical questions in the Vocabulary and Reading sections together with Useful Tips are well pres¬
ented to enhance your test-taking strategies for Part 7 of the TOEIC test.
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06. Hackers Practice
Exercises on choosing the correct word in brackets and correcting mistakes given at regular intervals
aim at consolidating the vocabulary and grammar points you have learned in the previous parts.
07. Hackers Test

By doing all the questions which are similar to those in the TOEIC Reading test, you can familiarize
yourself with the testing points in the TOEIC Reading test and improve your test-taking ability.
08. Actual Tests

You should do the two actual tests at the end of the book within the time limit and under exam con¬
ditions to check your progress compared with the result of the diagnostic test you have got before
using this book.
09. Essential Vocabulary and Expressions

Essential vocabulary items and expressions for Parts 5 and 6 of the TOEIC test are carefully arranged
so that you can manage to learn a number of them each day for at most 30 days to enlarge your store
of TOEIC vocabulary and expressions.
www.nhantriviet.com Main Parts - 9

About TOEIC
What is TOEIC?
TOEIC is short for Test of English for International Communication. It is an English test de¬
signed specifically to measure the everyday business English skills of non-native people work¬
ing in an international environment. It also allows employers to make hiring decisions, pro¬
motions, or transfers depending on job seekers' qualifications and English proficiency. TOEIC
questions are based on a variety of real-world settings and situations:
Corporate Development - research, prod¬ Human Resources - recruiting, hiring, retir¬

uct development ing, promoting, job applications, job adver¬
Dining Out - business lunches, banquets, tisements, salaries, pensions, awards
receptions, reservations Manufacturing - assembly lines, plant man¬
Entertainment - cinema, music, art, exhib¬ agement, quality control
itions, museums, media Office - procedures, board meetings, com¬
Finance and Budgeting - banking, invest¬ mittees, letters, memos, telephone, fax and
ments, taxes, accounting, billing e-mail messages, equipment
General Business - contracts, negotiations, Purchasing - shopping, shipping
mergers, marketing, sales, invoicing, war¬ Technical Areas - electronics, technology,
ranties, business planning, conferences, computers, laboratories and related equip¬
labor relations ment, technical specifications
Health Care - medical insurance, visits to Travel - trains, airplanes, taxis, buses,
doctors /dentists, clinics, hospitals ships, ferries, tickets, schedules, station and
Housing /' Corporate Property - construc¬ airport announcements, car rentals, hotels,
tion, specifications, buying and renting, reservations, delays and cancellations
electric and gas services
TOEIC test format
Part 1 Photograph Descriptions 10

H
Listening Part 2 Questions & Responses 30
45 minutes 495
Comprehension Part 3 Short Conversations 30
Part 4 Short Talks 30
Pan 5 Sentence Completion 40
Reading Part 6 Text Completion 12

75 minutes 495
Comprehension Single Passages 28
Part 7
Double Passages 20
Total 7 Parts 200 120 minutes 990
10 MarUorc TOFir Roarlinn www.nhantriviet.rom

Registration, test taking, score report

1. Registration
You can register for the TOEIC test online or in person at a test site in your country.
Contact ilG Vietnam for registration information:

Ho Chi Minh City Office Da Nang Office
liu8, Toa nha so 538, Buflng Cach MangThang Tarn, Phtidng 11, 268, Bu8ng Traa Phu, Quan Hai Chau, Thanh pho 0a Nlng
Quan 3, Thanh pho H6 Chi Minh Tel: (0511) 3565 888 Pax: (0511) 3565 154
Tel: (08) 3990 5888 Pax: {08} 3990 5999 E-mailr4anangpgfietham.com t
E-mail: saigonpigvietnam.com
You may also register at:
Ha Noi Office
http://wvwJgvietnam.c0m/VN/Home/Registerclireetly.aspx
75, Bydng Giang Van Minh, QuanBa£)inh, HaNoi
Tel: (04) 3ÿ7ÿ2411/3773 2602 / 037 "Fax:
E-mafl; Mÿg?ietiim.coffl /
hanoiÿigvietnamsepinÿ; v
2. Test taking
On the test day, you must:
Provide proof of your identity to the supervisor.
Only have on your desk your identification card.
Ensure mobile phones, pagers, and any electronic devices are switched off and placed with personal
belongings outside the test room.
Not lend anything to, or borrow anything from, another candidate during the test.
Listen to the supervisor and do what you are asked to do.
Tell the supervisor or invigilator at once if you think you are not given the right test booklet, or if the
test booklet is incomplete or illegible.
Read carefully and follow the instructions printed in the test booklet.
Fill your name and registration number on your answer sheet before the start of the test.
Listen carefully to the recorded instructions to familiarize yourself with the listening volume in the test
room.
Remember your test date and registration number so that you can check your test result online later.
3. Score report
Results are issued by test centers, usually 20 days after the test.
Institutions or organizations where you have registered may access your result before you receive
it by mail.
vwwjihantriviet.com About TOEIC - 11

TOEIC Tips
Before entering the test room

1. Make sure you know the date, time, and your test venue and arrive before the
scheduled starting time.
2. Bring along your registration form and identification card.
3. Bring along your notebooks, MP3 CD, or any study materials you have so that you
can take a look at during the waiting time.
During the test

.
1 Choose the correct answers and mark them on your answer sheet
O Listening Test
While the recorded general directions and directions for Parts 1 and 2 are given, you
should make use of this time to read the questions in Part 3 as many as possible. When
you hear Now let us begin Part 1, stop reading and immediately return to Part 1 to
concentrate on listening.
When doing Parts 1 and 2, you should:

Mark your answer choices on your answer sheet, not in the test booklet.
Not spend too much time on any one question.
Mark only one answer choice for each question.
Try to answer every question to the best of your ability.
While the directions for Part 3 are given, make use of this time to read again the ques¬
tions numbered from 41 to 43 and their possible answer choices; and read the ques¬
tions numbered from 71 to 73 and their possible answer choices while the directions
for Part 4 are given. Simultaneously, underline the key words in all of these questions.
For Parts 3 and 4, you can mark your answer choices right on questions in the test
booklet and later transfer them onto your answer sheet. Doing so, you can save lots of
your time.
12 - Hackers TOEIC Reading www.nhantriviet.com

© Reading Test
In the Reading section (75 minutes), you have to pace yourself. You may have at most 30 sec¬
onds for each question in Part 5 and Part 6. Also, you may have about 5 minutes for each reading
passage in Part 7. Therefore, you should pay close attention to the time during the Reading sec¬
tion of the test, So, work quickly and mark your answers on your answer sheet right away. If you
do not know the answer to a question, come back to it later.
Your score will be based on the number of questions you answer correctly.
If you mark more than one answer to a certain question, that question will be counted as wrong -
even if one of the answers you marked is correct.
2. Complete your test

An announcement of the test-ending time will be made two times: 15 minutes and 3 minutes be¬
fore the test time is up. When the time limit is finished, you have to submit your test booklet and
answer sheet to the invigilator immediately.
www.nhantriviet.com TOEIC Tips - 13

TOEIC Reading Test
Part 5 - Sentence Completion (40 questions)

Part 5 consists of 40 questions. Each of them includes a gapped sentence followed
by four answer choices. Your job is to decide which of these four answer choices
produces a complete, grammatical, and logical sentence when it is put into the gap.
There are 25 questions on grammar and 15 questions on vocabulary. It is advisable
that you finish this part in 20 minutes, i.e. about 25-30 seconds per question.
Grammar
l he ..... step of this project will be to present our proposal to the board of
trustees and the acting CEO.
(B) finally
(C) finality
(D) finalize
Vocabulary
r
1
: ~
: 1
" 1
;
The company, known for its airtight food , began manufacturing non¬
stick pans in an attempt to hold a broader part of the kitchenware market.
(A) dishes
(B) bowls
(D) plates
1a TriCir www.nhantriviet.com
Part 6 - Text Completion (12 questions)

Part 6 consists of four short texts. Each text has three gaps; below each gap, four
answer choices are given. You must decide which of these four answer choices
makes the gapped sentence complete, grammatical, and logical. Basically, the test¬
ing points in Part 6 are the same as those in Part 5, except that they occur in longer
texts. It is advisable that you finish this part in 5 minutes, i.e. about 20-25 seconds
per question.
In an urgent announcement yesterday, TNA Electronics issued a . .for a total

1 (A) regard
(C) resignation
........
(D) retirement
recall on all Chop-O-Matic blenders. A company spokesman said the component

used to hold the blades in place was not properly aligned during assembly. Be¬
cause of this , the cutting device can easily become dislodged, injuring
.
2 (A) risk
(Q) characteristic
(D) alteration
users. The company wished to offer customers their sincerest apologies by provid-
ingffull medical compensation for those harmed and all returned
3 (A) replacement
(B) replace
(C) replacing
(D) replaced
products with a newer, safer version of their Chop-O-Matic blender.
www.n ha ntriviet.com TOEIC Reading Test - 15

Part 7 - Reading (48 questions)
Part 7 is the longest part of the TOEIC test. It consists of 7-10 single reading pas¬
sages with a total of 28 questions. There are also four paired reading passages with
a total of 20 questions. There are four possible answer choices for each question.
You must choose the correct answers based on the information in the passages and
then mark the answers on your answer sheet.
Single Passages (28 questions)

There are 7-10 single passages and most of them are short. These passages pri¬
marily deal with a wide variety of topic areas, such as business letters, reports, art¬
icles, advertisements, etc. Each passage is followed by 2-5 questions. You should
finish this part in about 25 minutes, i.e. approximately 2-3 minutes per passage.
This is an important memo informing all employees of a new policy regarding the
usage of computers in the office. Due to an increase in personal use of computers
during working hours, disciplinary measures have been initiated. To begin with, all
staff members will have their computers monitored daily. Eventually, only approved
websites will be accessible on work computers. Additionally, to turn on the com¬
puter, you will have to enter a login name and password. That way we know who is
using the computers for personal reasons. This policy will take effect as of June 10.
Mrs. Anderson will be taking your password requests this week in Room 354. You
will be able to register anytime after June 2.
Q: When will the new monitoring system begin?

(A) After the first of the year
(B) Next week
(C) June 2
1ft Harkprs TOFif Rparlinn www.nhantrivipt.rnm

Double Passages (20 questions)

There are 4 double passages and 5 questions for each pair. Most of the double
passages are related to each other, for example, a business letter and an e-mail, an
article and a letter. Some questions refer to only one reading passage, but there are
also some that require you to read both passages to be able to choose the correct
answers. You had better finish this part in about 25 minutes, i.e. approximately 5-6
minutes per pair.
TO: All Staff

FROM: Nathan Perch, HR Manager, Superior Advertising Agency
Once again, the festive season draws near, and planning is underway for our an¬
nual Christmas party. This year's promises to be an extra-special affair, as we've
been lucky enough to have the menu designed by Albertus Fabiola of the High
Street Bistro and Grill. The tentative plan for the menu is as follows:
1. Pasta Salad with avocado, red onion, and sesame dressing
2. Hawaiian barbecued salmon with a coconut cream sauce
Please inspect the choices carefully and get back to me within next week with your
feedback or suggestions, and we will endeavor to take them into account when
making the final selections.
TO: Nathan Perch

FROM: John Dory, Marketing Division Chief
Nathan:
We were very excited to hear of the plans for the Christmas gathering. Overall,
we were very satisfied with the menu, though a few of us thought that the second
suggestion might be spiced up with the addition of roasted vegetables. The co¬
conut cream sauce would match well, too. If you are able to take our request into
account, I am sure it would be much appreciated by all the staff here in Marketing.
Kind regards,
John
Q: What item does Mr. Dory suggest changing?

(A) Vegetable and noodle salad
(B) Coconut cream sauce
(C) Grilled seafood
(D) Spiced potatoes
www.nh a ntriviet.com TOEIC Reading Test - 17

Your Current Level & Preferred Learning Styles
Your Current Level

* After doing the diagnostic test on page 21, you will find out your roughly current level.
You, then, should consult page 19 to know your preferred learning style and apply appropri¬
ate learning strategies to effectively improve your score.
Very good 46-50

Good 36-45
Average 23-35
Poor Under 23
18 - Harkprs TOFIC Rpariino vvvvw.n hantriviet.com

Preferred Learning Styles
Self-study
1. Go over grammar points, word lists, reading comprehension sections and try to
deal with practice questions along with actual questions based on what has been
learned.
2. After doing all the questions, check to find out the correct answers. With incorrect
answers, try to identify the causes and take notes of the corrections to these errors
for future use.
Group learning
1. Group members help each other to study grammar points, word lists, and reading
strategies.
2. Before starting learning a new lesson, the group should check their self-study by
either an oral test or a written test. The test should aim at checking what has been
learned previously; in addition, questions should be answered spontaneously.
3. During groupwork, try to deal with practice questions and actual questions based
on what has been learned as if you are taking a test. During this time, a time
limit and some kind of punishment for wrong answers can positively stimulate your
study.
4. Check the answers and discuss with other members the causes of some incorrect
answers. You had better thoroughly learn every difficult point and take notes of the
corrections to wrong answers so that they will be of great help for your future study.
Visual learning
1. Learners with a visual learning style may be very flexible. Therefore, you should be
determined not to postpone your study. You had better set time and make a de¬
tailed study plan before starting learning.
2. Take notes of anything that causes problems when studying and doing exercises.
Write down explanations for these points in a notebook.
Formal learning
1. You should be prepared to study at a language center without any absences. You
should be attentive in class and immediately ask questions if you do not under¬
stand. You are advised to take advantage of the break time to consult your teacher,
if possible.
2. After school, you should review your lesson and take notes of what you have not
yet fully understood.
www.nhantrivietcom Your Current Level & Preferred Learning Styles - 19

20
ÿÿÿÿÿI
01 In spite of the decreasing amount of silver, 05 The entire staff would like to congratulate Mr,
the value of the metal has fallen in Richards his winning the "Employee
the past years. of the Year" Award.
(A) sharp (B) sharply (A) to (B) in
(C) sharpness (D) sharpen (C) with (D) on
02 Unlike writers who prefer specializing 06 Dealing with angry customers every day
in a specific genre, freelancers usually work became too to handle, so she quit
with many literary types. the receiver position.
(A) much (B) more (A) frustrate (B) frustrated
(C) the most (D) many (C) frustrating (D) frustration
03 This report is a list of projects that we 07 Those who sign up for Internet connection
are working on in the marketing now will have the to try our service
department. for free.
(A) lately (B) currently (A) opportunity (B) job
(C) commonly (D) daily (C) situation (D) progress
04 It is important for interested in doing 08 Hank from depression, having lost

an investigative piece to check their sources his job in January from budget cutbacks in the
and ensure their stories are accurate. service department.
(A) journalists (B) journal (A) will suffer (B) was suffering
(C) journalism (D) journalistic (C) will have suffered (D) suffer
a na i nKantrh/iaf rnrm
09 The company decided to give her a chance, 15 A thorough of the journal article
I
doubts regarding her ability to is needed before it can be published next
perform such high-level tasks. month.
(A) but (B) yet (A) revising (B) revision
(C) nevertheless (D) despite (C) revise (D) revised
10 The office manager gave a short 16 The proposal should be ready next week,
about the office's new security system. how long it takes the architects to
(A) confession (B) presentation finish the floor plan.
(C) organization (D) interpretation (A) resulting from (B) partly because
(C) depending on (D) certain
11 Please be reminded that we are not

responsible for any damage to the product 17 The speakers will be on the radio talk show
due to careless use, intentional misuse or their views on energy issues in North
customer negligence. America.
(A) other (B) the other (A) introductory (B) introduce
(C) another (D) others (C) introduction (D) introducing
12 Sales of small cars have been so high in Asia 18 renting a vehicle, verify the exact
that the German automaker is into amount to be paid for licenses and
entering the Asian market. maintenance costs.
............
(A) watching (B) looking (A) Rather than (B) When
(C) searching (D) viewing (C) Because (D) As though
13 the remodeling is finished, the office 19 The profitability of the X-27 is about
cubicles can be put back in place and regular 10 percent higher than previous models of
work hours can begin again. this machine.
(A) As soon as (B) However (A) overall (B) overcast
(C) While (D) In time for (C) overdue (D) overwhelmed
14 We experienced applicants with 20 Please let me know if there are office spaces
strong qualifications and good marketing skills still available lease in the new
for sales position. complex.
(A) research (B) contain (A) into (B) as
(C) seek (D) persuade (C) for (D) with
www.nhantriviet.com Diagnostic Test - 23

Questions 21-23 refer to the following advertisement.
Happy Pharmacy Valued Customer Day
We are pleased to announce that Happy Pharmacy will be celebrating its 10th anniversary next
week. We recognize that our success is largely due to the strong support we receive from custom¬
ers like you. In appreciation, we would like to invite you in our Valued Customer Day on
21 (A) participate
(B) to participate
(C) participating
(D) participation
April 26. Visit any of our convenient locations and you will be treated to refreshments, as well as
a 15 percent discount on all purchases over $20.00. In addition, you will get the chance to meet
local health practitioners, try out new products, and enter your name to win a two months' worth of
vitamins courtesy of Happy Pharmacy. We hope that you will take advantage of this great oppor¬
tunity to save money and get to know the health services in your area. We hope to offer
22 (A) recently v
(B) conclusively
(C) continually
(D) timelessly
more events like this in the future. A flyer with our store addresses for your information.
23 (A) enclosed
(B) has enclosed
(C) was enclosed
(D) is enclosed
www nhantriviet.com
Questions 24-26 refer to the following e-mail.
From: Breakgen Productions

To: Darcey Kerr
Subject: DVD Order
Dear Ms. Kerr,
Thank you for your recent order for a copy of our DVD boxed set of Werewolf Killer. Unfortunately,
we have discontinued this boxed set edition and will be unable to fulfill your order as ... We
24 (A) request
(B) requesting
(C) requests
(D) requested'
apologize for any inconvenience this may cause. We do offer an alternative version of this DVD that
contains the original broadcasts as well as other additional features. Bonuses include
25 (A) presently
(B) previously 7
(C) purposefully
(D) generally
unreleased footage, a documentary about the making of the program, and an interview with the
director. Because of this material, the DVD has become one of our bestsellers.
26 (A) essential
(B) supplemental
(C) excessive
(D) promotional
The only other difference between the boxed set you ordered and this edition is the external pack¬
aging. Of course, should you decide to purchase a copy of Werewolf Killer and find that it is not
suitable, you may return it for a full refund.
Sincerely,
Elmo J. Pudd
Customer Service Department, Breakgen Productions

26 - Hackers TOEIC Readinq www.nhantriviet.com
Questions 27-28 refer to the following invitation.
The 'Embassy of Spain

requests the pteasure oj your company
at a reception and dinner
lo rt'elconie
the new ::iiiilnis<ihiur oj SjHiin :'iuhniio 'Martinez

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on 7 riiiati. the i\t:aHii~ second oj
at 7:00 p.m.
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'Manhattan, v\(ew '}'orfc City

'Black tie
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27 What is the reason for the dinner? 28 What is the recipient asked to do?
(A) To award an outstanding manager (A) Bring a companion
(B) To welcome a government representative (B) Be on time
(C) To introduce a new executive (C) Prepare food
(D) To welcome a visiting delegation (D) Reply to the invitation

Questions 29-30 refer to the following information.
5fÿ Annwaf Baraar
The community center is pleased to announce that it will

be hosting the Midwestern Women's Association's 5th an¬
nual bazaar next weekend. Items to be sold at the event
include home-made quilts, freshly baked pies, jams, and
hand-made crafts. All participating community members are
asked to bring at least one item to sell at the bazaar. Of
course, donations are welcomed and will be used to im¬
prove the community center facilities. We are considering
the installation of a media center for the education and
convenience of the community youth who aren't fortu¬
nate enough to have access to such technology. With your
contributions, it will also be possible to organize and hold
more meaningful events for the community. As always,
please spread the word to your neighbors about the event
next Saturday. A sign-up sheet is located on the bulletin
board in the main hall. It is sure to be a time of warmth,
friendship, and community!
29 What are participants of the event asked to do? 30 What is mentioned about the bazaar?
(A) Help set up tables (A) It is a yearly event.
(B) Donate an item (B) It is outdoors.
(C) Purchase tickets in advance (C) It is free of charge.
(D) Fill out a form (D) It is held during the summer.
28 - Hackers TOEIC Readina www.nhanfrivipt.rom

Questions 31-33 refer to the following job advertisement.
cWanted
Executive Housekeeper
We are looking for an individual with an energetic personality. The qualified candidate
will be responsible for managing and overseeing all public areas of the compound. A
minimum of 3 years' experience in a similar position is required.
Convention Services Representative

Assists the manager in ensuring maximum sales, profit, and guest satisfaction of catering
groups through proactive selling, maximization of incremental revenue of confirmed book¬
ings and securing repeat bookings. Must have a minimum of 2 years' experience.
Front Desk Agent

The front desk agent is responsible for the professional and efficient operation of the recep¬
tion desk. Previous experience necessary. Must be outgoing and people-oriented and have
excellent oral and written communication skills. Possesses the ability to deal with pressure
in a graceful and courteous manner. Position must be filled today.
Guest Service Agent

Guest services for arriving guests. Responsibilities include door person and valet. A driver's
license is necessary. Must be able to lift up to 80lbs and work standing for long periods of
time. Full-time position. May require extended work hours on weekdays and weekends.
E-mail a resume and all pertinent information to hrd@fairfield.com. Those applying for
supervisory positions must include two letters of reference.
31 Who might have put up this advertisement? 33 What should be submitted for the executive
(A) A housekeeping agency housekeeper position?
(B) A convention hall (A) Letters of recommendation
(C) A large hotel (B) A copy of college transcripts
(D) A recruiting firm (C) A copy of a driver's license
(D) A certificate of training
32 What is a requirement of the front desk agent job?

(A) A minimum of 3 years' experience
(B) Good interpersonal skills
(C) A degree in hotel management
(D) Proficient typing skills
www.nhantriviet.com Diaanostic Test - 29

Questions 34-37 refer to the following article.
mmmw111 U HBIts
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34 What is true about Ms. Page? 36 What is a requirement for an Independent

(A) She is a film director. Movie Award?
(B) She was surprised to win the award. (A) Winners must appear in ten films.
(C) She has acted in twelve films. (B) Winners must be under thirty years of age.
(D) She is interested in writing. (C) Winners must be nominated by 3,000
people.
(D) Winners must work on movies about social
35 The phrase "have never enjoyed" in issues.
paragraph 2, line 7 is closest in meaning to
(A) am not part of
(B) have not experienced 37 What is suggested about the films Ms. Page
(C) do not like has acted in?
(D) am not involved in (A) They were big budget productions,
(B) They were small films.
(C) They were not enjoyable.
(D) They were all directed by Kennedy James.
i" i i~~i -rr\ru- n vaaaaa/ rihantriuievt

Questions 38-40 refer to the following letter.
Carrie Wynand
Wadley Mortgage Firm
Woodland Hills, CA
October 21
Robert Hartshire
1219 North Street
Helmsley Park, CA
Dear Mr. Hartshire,
This is in response to your inquiry regarding the mortgage trainee position we advertised in The Cali¬
fornia Herald. We would like to congratulate you on your interest in becoming a mortgage banker.
There has been an overwhelmingly favorable response by mortgage brokers to the possibilities af¬
forded by an online system that has resulted in record double-digit growth.
The mortgage banking team consists of professionals who are setting industry standards for innovation
and service. Wadley Mortgage emphasizes the need to expand its system into the technological world.
Therefore, we support the professional development and training of our employees. We firmly believe
that the key to success rests in the quality of our bankers. Therefore, we are proud to offer people the
opportunity to take part in our training program.
To participate in our program, you will need to submit the following: an application using the applica¬
tion form available on Wadley Mortgage's website, a letter of reference, and your resume (including
a cover letter). After you submit the required documents, the selection committee will post their deci¬
sion on the website, which you may access with the code sent to your e-mail account after the entire
application has been received.
Once again, thank you for your interest.
Best regards,
Carrfe h)ymnd
Carrie Wynand
HRD
38 What is the purpose of this letter? 40 What is suggested about Mr. Hartshire?
r
(A) To inform the applicant that he was rejected (A) He works at Wadley Mortgage.
(B) To remind the applicant that his documents (B) He has previously contacted the firm.
are incomplete (C) He has already applied to the program.
(C) To respond to a potential applicant (D) He has experience in the banking industry.
(D) To teli the applicant when he can get the
results
39 What should the candidate do next?

(A) Indicate interest by calling Ms. Wynand
(B) Visit the office for an interview
(C) Send a reply via e-mail
(D) Provide the necessary paperwork

Questions 41-45 refer to the following e-mail and memo.
To:
From:
Date:
Re:
CLASS
__
Introduction
All Employees
Josephine Napolitano
April 26
Training Sessions for Accounting Software
Starting next week, we will be offering training courses for new accounting software which
was installed on our network this week.
Updates and innovations

Workshop
Question /Answer session
DATE_ ROOM_
May 5
May 6
May 9
May 10
Conference Room A
Conference Room A
Computer Lab B
Conference Room D
Mr. Alex Miller from ACS Software will conduct the first two presentations, and our own
computer technician, Ms. Wentworth, will be leading our workshop and question/answer
session. Those interested are required to register with the personnel department before
April 30.
To: All staff (accounting department) : : :
From: Erica Bane, director of finance
Everyone received an e-mail from the personnel department about the training courses
in May for the new software program from ACS. All employees from the accounting
department are required to attend these courses, not just new staff.
Although some of you are already familiar with the program, there have been recent
changes and updates to the software that you may not be aware of. This is why Ithink
the courses would be beneficial for everyone. Each session will last from 9 a.m. to 11
a.m., so you will have enough time to finish your work. If you do have any problems
attending because of your schedule, please speak with Tom Holmes.
3? Harkprs TOFIC Readina www.nharitriviet.com

41 What is indicated in the e-mail? 44 What does the memo suggest?
(A) The courses will begin on April 30, (A) All accounting staff will attend the training
(B) The workshop will be conducted by an courses.
ACS representative, (B) Training will be held in the personnel
(C) Registration forms are at the front desk, department.
(D) The training sessions will be held in the (C) The training sessions will be conducted by
same month, Tom Holmes,
(D) Training schedules will be sent to
employees.
42 What department does Ms. Napolitano work
in?
(A) Technical support 45 What are employees with schedule problems
(B) Personnel asked to do?
(C) Marketing (A) Call the personnel department
(D) Accounting (B) Send an e-mail to Ms. Bane
(C) Contact Mr. Holmes
(D) Cancel their appointments
43 What is the purpose of the memo?
(A) To tell workers about new office regulations
(B) To inform staff of requirements
(C) To request registration forms from
employees
(D) To explain a new software program

Questions 46-50 refer to the following article and letter.
June 24-
Hiro Yakutake
Eiko industries
Shibuya-Ku, Tokyo 150-8691
Japan
Dear Mr. Yakutake,
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nishings Fair in Kuala Lumpur. You showed me some of your company's new desk
designs and provided me with a brochure.
We' ÿ:re';very ;interestedÿitt: some: of yÿaF/prpd&tsÿÿfeMt'ttnforturiateiyÿ :J ;,n:ever:received

a price list while' at the fair. If you could e-mail me a copy of the list to sthath(a)
neoresearch.net, I would appreciate it. After I receive the list, I will call you to dis¬
cuss a possible order. Our offices are moving to a new building, so we would require
new furnishings by September 10.
Thanks for your help. I hope to do business with you soon.
Sincerely,
Steve Hathaway
Resource Director, Neo Research Corp.
— i-iartÿrc TOFIf Rpariinn www.n ha nt riviet.co m

46 In the article, what is NOT mentioned about 49 When did Mr. Hathaway most likely meet with
the trade fair? Mr. Yakutake?
(A) It was held in Malaysia. (A) June 15
(B) It has been held nineteen times. (B) June 16
(C) It lasted for five days. (C) June 18
(D) It attracted more than 400 companies. (D) June 24
47 In the article, the word "notable" in line 4 is 50 What does Mr. Hathaway ask Mr. Yakutake to
closest in meaning to do?
(A) customary (A) Fax a price list
(B) important (B) Make a phone call
(C) definite (C) Send an e-mail
(D) elaborate (D) Mail a brochure
48 What is indicated in the letter?

(A) Eiko Industries produces office furniture.
(B) Eiko Industries offers a free delivery service.
(C) Eiko Industries is a new company,
(D) Eiko Industries is based in Kuala Lumpur.
Answers: p. 543
After doing the diagnostic test, you

should refer to page 1 8 to find out
your current level.
www nhantrivipt.rom Diagnostic Test - 35

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Features
In the TOEIC test, grammar questions are found in Part 5 - Sentence Completion, and Part 6 - Text
Completion, Questions in Parts 5 and 6 also involve business settings and situations like those in the
other parts of the test.
Testing Points
TOEIC testing points on grammar are similar to those often found in general English grammar. They
include basic sentence elements, verb-related structures, verbals, parts of speech, conjunctions and
clauses, and special structures like comparison, parallelism, and inversion.
Question Percentage
Special structures 2% Basic sentence elements 3%

Conjunctions and Clauses 14%
Verb-related structures 12%
Verbals 10%
Parts of speech 59%

Step 1: Look at the four answer choices to decide whether it is a grammar question,
For example, if you see words of the same root, such as information, inform, informative, informa¬
tively, or give, to give, giving, given, provided as possible answer choices to a question, you can
conclude that it is a grammar question.
Step 2: Look at the words around the gap to find out important clues and understand
the meaning of the whole sentence or the whole text.
Part 5: Example
Step 1: Look at the four answer choices to
Rosalind decided io accept the textile design job ihat decide whether it is a grammar question.
was offered to her by Furness Clothing Manufactures. The four answer choices are words derived
(B) finally (C) finalized (D) final from the same root (final). You, therefore, can
(A) finalize ®-
conclude that this is a question on grammar.
ÿi Step 2: Look at the words around the gap to

: find out important clues and understand the
: meaning of the whole sentence.
Part 6: Example
The missing word comes between the subject
............
(Rosalind) and the verb (decided). By finding
The air-travel industry and environmentalists from around the out the important clues (the subject and the
verb), you can decide that a modifier (an ad¬
country are eagerly awaiting the 2nd Air Transportation and the
verb) is needed for the gap.
Environment Conference next week.®
(A) can open --
Step 1; Look at the four answer choices to :
(B) opened decide whether it is a grammar question.
(C) opening The four answer choices are verb-related
words. You, therefore, can conclude that this
(D) is opened a question grammar. is on
The keynote speakers will focus on the concerns and progress
made in each of these areas by speaking on current trends in Step 2: Look at the words around the gap to-
creating more environmentally friendly aircraft and airports. : find out important clues and understand the
meaning of the whole sentence or the whole
, text.
: The sentence already has a main verb in the
a n-.cus -are awaiting-.
; Therefore, only the noun (opening) is the best
i answer choice.
39
40 www.nhantrivietcui .
Basic Sentence Elements
Chapter 01 - Subjects, Verbs
Chapter 02 - Objects, Complements
Chapter 03 - Modifiers
wtfww.nhantriviet.co m 41
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Basic Points
A verb refers to the action or state of a subject. A subject is a person

or thing that performs the action in a sentence.
Kathy ate an apple.
Ate in this sentence is the verb showing the action of the subject Kathy (a person) who
does the action.
In a complete sentence, there must always be a subject and a verb.
Kathy an apple. (X)

ate an apple. (X)
Both of these examples are not sentences. The first one does not have a verb, and the
second does not have a subject. To form a complete sentence, a subject and a verb
must always exist.
. Msrl/orc THPir Rcszsrlinn \hf\hf\r.f nhantriviAt mm

01 Subjects
O Subjects in sentences may have various forms, all of which have the function of a noun
coming before a main verb. Common forms of subjects include:
Noun phrase The top executives agreed to negotiate with the union.
Pronoun They are having a team meeting today.
Gerund phrase Operating the machinery is difficult.
To-infinitive phrase To meet the president was a privilege.
Noun clause Whai Jane needs for her office is unclear.
The underlined parts are the focus of the subjects. These parts are often tested in TOEIC.
@ Verbs and adjectives cannot come in the position of a subject.

A rushed efeetde should be avoided under any circumstances.
decision
The verb decide cannot come in the position of the subject. It should be the noun decision.
The financial Wealthy of the company is in doubt.
health
The adjective healthy cannot come in the position of the subject. It should be the noun health.
ÿ*-
© A subject and its verb must agree in number.

The prospects of increased revenue awaits us next year.
prospect
»- Because the verb awaits is singular, the subject must also be in the singular form (prospect).
TOEIC Questions
Decide which of the choices - (A), (B), (C), or 2. Personal left behind on seats in the
(D) - best completes the sentence. iheater are brought to the lost and found
department, but most are never claimed.
1. Please remember that the oi
(A) belonging (B) belongs
electronic devices is prohibited during
iakeoffs and landings
ÿ
belongingÿ - - ÿ i -belortQ 'SKS5;

3. The new that is going up at Williams
. Gp.p.aiCp.,- . . Gpe.ai.pi- ...- . Sireei will accommodate hundreds of
commercial enterprises.
y -(C)- structured :
.
"Answers: p. 543
www.nhantriviet.com Chapter 01 Subjects, Verbs - 43

02 Dummy Subject
O It is used to replace a long subject such as a to- infinitive phrase or a that-clause. In this case,
It is called dummy subject, and the long subject is called real subject.
It is important to open negotiations with the Brazilian firm.
Dummy subject Real subject (to-infinitive phrase)
It is understood that Mr, Gann will resign fairly soon,

Dummy subject Real subject (that-clause)
It is used with a that-clause to emphasize the noun or prepositional phrase that comes after It.
It was Jane that gave a speech.
Emphasized part
It is in the conference room that the most important meetings take place.
Emphasized part
© The dummy subject It cannot be replaced by any other word.

That was a cat that was stuck in the tree last night.
It
That cannot replace It.
There is possible that nobody will attend the meeting.

It
There cannot replace It.
TOEIC Questions
Decide which of the choices - (A), (B), (C), or 2, It is mandatory to a work identification i
(D) - best completes the sentence. card when you first enter the company.
1. When deciding what food to serve guests at (A) obtain (B) obtaining
a party, is always best to choose ;(G) dbtainment (D) obtained
dishes that can be prepared ahead of time. 3. Although the two copywriters in the office are
"
(A) there (B) what , ; often at odds with one another, is clear
ÿ(C) that -
'
.. ; V : that they have respect for each other's work.

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(C) what (D) that .
Answers:

03 Dummy Subject The E o
>
O There is used to show the existence of somebody or something and is used in the structure
There + linking verb (be, remain, exist) + real subject (noun/noun phrase). CO
©3
CO
o"
There are eleven offices on this floor. CO
CD
=3+ÿ
Dummy Real subject (noun phrase) r—
CD
subject
There remains some doubt over her level of dedication.

Dummy Real subject (noun phrase)
subject Sf
There exists a possibility that the company will be bought out this year.
Dummy Real subject (noun phrase)
subject
@ In the structure There + linking verb + real subject, a verb cannot come in the position of the
real subject.
We will contact you if there are cancelled.
cancellations
There are must be followed by the noun cancellations which is the real subject of the sentence.
TOEIC Questions
Decide which of the choices - {A) (B). (C). or 2. The publisher prints an apology on the second
(D) - best completes the sentence. oage of the magazine when there are
of fact in previous issues.
remain significant challenges for
the fledgling company as it tries to gain a
foothold in a highly competitive market.
\r\i it 3. I am hopeful that somewhere in the city
exists a position with the hours and
benefits I seek.
(C) he (D) what

s: p. 543
Hackers Skiil Distinguishing between it and there

Read the whole sentence. If the sentence expresses an opinion or a comment, use the dummy subject
It. If the sentence mentions the existence of somebody or something, use the dummy subject There.
When you want to travel, i; i/hc.e) is a good idea to plan ahead.
There (ft) is a guidebook in each language.
The dummy subject It is followed by a noun, an adjective, a prepositional phrase, etc. The dummy
subject There can be followed by a noun/noun phrase only.
it (There) is fair to give him a chance.

gy
In a sentence, a verb must come after its subject (an auxiliary/a modal verb may come before
it).
The supervisor oversees an entire office.
The supervisor can oversee an entire office.
# Two forms derived from a verb are bare infinitive + -ing and to + bare infinitive.
The supervisor overseeing an entire office. (X)
The supervisor to oversee an entire office. (X)
»ÿOverseeing and to oversee are not the main verbs because they are not conjugated. Overseeing (gerund/
present participle) and to oversee (to-infinitive) are called verbais.
© Nouns and adjectives cannot come in the position of a verb.

Jake amval a few minutes late for the meeting.
arrived
The noun arrival cannot come in the position of the verb. It should be the conjugated verb arrived.
This company compItant with government regulations.
complies
»- The adjective compliant cannot come in the position of the verb. It should be the conjugated verb
complies.
TOEIC Questions
Decide which of the choices - (A), (B), (C), or 2 Tho new regulation from the Department of
(D) - best completes the sentence. Transportation a change in the manner
in which rest time is calculated ior commercial
1. The value of the dollar yesterday
vehicle drivers.
against the Japanese yen afier the conflict in
the Middle East died down.
(A) rising (B) to rise
IO risen fDl rose 3. Salaried employees a 10 percent
increase in wages last year as an incentive to
Increase production.
\nswers: p. 543
Afi i "nr\or-
www.nhanfriviet.com
05 Number/Tense/Voice of a Verb B CD
© Subjects and their verbs must agree in number.

The results of the inquiry was made public today.
were CO
CD
Because the subject is in the plural form (results), the verb must be in the plural form, too (were).
# Verbs must agree in tense based on time expressions.

Randy jotns the firm seven years ago. 5?
joined
«ÿ Because there is a time expression indicating the past (seven years ago), the verb must be conjugated in
the past tense (joined).
@ Verbs must correctly be used in the active voice or the passive voice.
The accounting reports cheeked by a team of auditors.
were checked
The subject The accounting reports is a thing and is acted on by a team. Thus, its verb must be in the
passive voice (were checked).
They were used their savings for a charitable cause.

used
The subject They performs the action, so its verb must be in the active voice (used).
I
O
TOEIC Questions
Decide which of the choices - (A), (B), (C), or 2, Mr. Franzen Joyce Marcus head
(D) - best completes the sentence. inspector of the company's several factories
located in the southern region of the country.
. A notice about the vacancy on the
company message board
(C) Is namina (D) nsrnGiv
3. When CSI Peripherals its sales

division,one middle manager and three
assistant administrators were dismissed.
(A).-was restructuring-; .(B) ÿwas restructuredÿ..-;
'
(C) to restructure (D) restructures

Answers: p. 543
www .nhantrivipf.com fhantpr 01 Subiprts. Vprbs 47

06 Verbs in the Imperativ
O An imperative sentence starts with a bare infinitive.
Place the report on my desk.
Please complete this form and sign at the bottom.
© When + participial phrase or If-clause before an imperative sentence

When investigating an insurance claim, follow all company procedures.
If you would like to request a transfer, submit this form.
>- In the TOEIC test, verbs in the imperative are more commonly asked than the When + participial phrase
or If-clause. Sometimes, you may find phrases introduced by Whatever instead,
<§ Only bare infinitives can come in the position of the main verb in an imperative sentence.
Conjugated verbs, verbals, nouns, or any other part of speech cannot be put in this position.
Please has a seat.
have
A conjugated verb cannot be used in the imperative.
Whatever your destination, relying on J Net for quality service.
rely
»- A gerund cannot be used in the imperative.
When negotiating a partnership, trtaf to be open-minded.

try
»- A noun cannot be used in the imperative.
TOEIC Questions
Decide which of the choices - (A), (B), (C), or 2. Whatever your investment needs. on
(D) - best completes the sentence. Farallon Services to provide the information and
advice you need to make a wise investment.
1. When making a presentation,
(A) counts (B) count
discussing matters already known to the
(C) counted (D) counting
audience.
3. If the strategy fails to meet the team's objectives,
(C|* avoidingÿ/;.. "A"/. *
the plan in order to determine where its

weaknesses are.
(A) evaluating (B) to;: evaluate
'
(G)/evalu:ate evaluation:;
'- Answers:
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HACKERS PRACTICE
Choose a correct option for each sentence.
01 The technician (working/worked) night and day to get the security system running.
02 The (complete/completion) of the new office will enhance our operations in Europe.
03 The freshness of the vegetables at the market (vary/varies) depending on the time of year.
04 (Reduce/Reducing) the amount of paper wasted in the office is one of the manager's priorities.
05 Investment activities for the agreement (comprise/comprisal) cash payments as well as stock
transfer.
06 (It/That) was important to finish discussing the recent deal before moving on to other business.
07 All assignments should (send/be sent) to the director's mailbox by the Saturday deadline.
Decide whether each of the sentences below is correct or incorrect. If it is correct, write
"correct"; if it is incorrect, point out the mistake(s) and provide (a) correction(s).
08 Efficient is the most important consideration in the company's decision about whether to relocate.
09 When Joseph completes the audit, he concluded that it needed to be revised.
10 When uncertain about what to do in a work-related situation, asks your supervisor.
11 The information Robert provided is several months out of date.
12 There is known that high salaries contribute to staff retention and loyalty.
13 The engineer estimation that the building will need three thousand tons of concrete.
14 Its downtown locate means that the office is in a prestigious business district.
Answers: p. 543

I! 1
-•
f~ S j ; ÿ
Time limit: 11 minutes
Part 5
01 Management on resource allocation 08 The training department requires even
for the coming quarter will have to be set seasoned employees to attend safety courses
aside until the director arrives back from his because of accidents is paramount
business trip. in the workplace.
(A) decides (B) decide (A) prevent (B) prevention
(C) decisions (D) decisive (C) to prevent (D) preventable
02 The price of a sketch or an oil painting 09 Katherine Bryant Purcell Firm forty
the frame and the cost of delivering years ago, making her one of our longest-
the artwork to the buyer's address. serving employees since the firm was first
(A) include (B) including established.
(C) includes (D) inclusion (A) joining (B) join
(C) joined (D) joins
03 Commuters arriving at the Logan Square
station had no choice but to use the stairway 10 The Japanese backed out of the
because the was being repaired. World Peace Conference when more than
(A) escalate (B) escalator half its members came down with the flu the
(C) escalation (D) escalating day before their flight.
(A) delegate (B) delegated
04 The lipstick samples back to the (C) delegation (D) delegating
manufacturer when it was discovered that a
number of the lipstick cases were defective. 11 The chef a cooking clinic for
(A) were sent (B) were sending housewives to teach them how to make
(C) sent (D) being sent consomme and other French soups.
(A) to organize (B) organized
05 Director Patterson's was that the (C) organization (D) organizing
institute should move its headquarters to
Austin, Texas. 12 The sudden of Harvey Wyman as
(A) conclusion (B) conclusive executive director has left the corporation in
(C) conclude (D) conclusively a state of uncertainty.
(A) resign (B) resignation
06 Sales revenue significantly since the (C) resignedly (D) resigned
launch of the company's new ad campaign.
(A) increase (B) will increase 13 Approximately half of the employees at
(C) has increased (D) increasing Sabian & Randolf, Ltd. to work by
subway.
07 If you plan on renovating your apartment, be (A) commute (B) commutes
sure that the changes you make __ with (C) is commuting (D) has commuted
the stipulations in your rental contract.
(A) compliant (B) complying 14 By the end of the first quarter, the company
(C) compliance (D) comply estimated profit by over 10 percent.
(A) exceeding (B) had exceeded
(C) was exceeded (D) to exceed
50 Harkprs TOPIC Rpariina viwvv.nhantriviet.com

15 The of the agreement forced the 18 is very important that all visitors to f
lessee to comply with the legal requirements the production plant wear protective glasses |
necessary to obtain a new contract. and helmets in the assembly area. m
(A) cancel (B) cancellation (A) What (B) This |

(C) cancelling (D) cancelled (C) That (D) It *
16 The project development director 19 The new main office was housed in a bright 1
evaluations for all projects administered and modern building, but its was
in the last quarter to be on her desk by inconvenient for employees who didn't have a
tomorrow morning. car.
(A) have expected (B) expects (A) locate (B) to locate
(C) to expect (D) expecting (C) located (D) location
17 The Board overwhelmingly the 20 When having an important document

proposal made by the marketing division, delivered, the receiver that the
considering it too complex at the present package is on its way.
stage of expansion. (A) notification (B) notify
(A) rejected (B) rejecting (C) notifies (D) notifying
(C) reject (D) was rejected
n
<T>
ts>
n
ft)
Part 6 I
Questions 21-23 refer to the following memo.
We will begin our week-long training seminar this coming Monday, May 31 . The of this
ÿ
21. (A) intend (B) intention; j

. *'*k: intending . ,(D) intentional;'..
seminar is to improve office efficiency and productivity. We will be holding the seminar in Confer¬
ence Room D. As seating is limited to only forty people, employees wishing to attend the work¬
shop are to register ahead of time. You can sign up at the personnel office, but please
22 (A) determined :(B).;aferedv; .
(C) advised (D) utilized
be aware that we written permission from your manager before we can register you for this
23 (A) require (B) requirement
.. C'C). requiring ; (t>) tor require;;
event. Thanks for your cooperation, and we hope to see you at the seminar on Monday.
,
: Answers* p, 543, ; j
www.nhantriviet.corT! Chapter 01 Subjects, Verbs - 51

Chapter 02
Objects, Complements
Basic Points
An object is the receiver of the action in a sentence. It completes the

meaning of a transitive verb.
I like pizza.
Pizza completes the meaning of the verb like and it is the object of the sentence. With¬
out this object, the sentence is incomplete.
I like. (X)
Some verbs need two objects. One is the indirect obiect and the other
is the direct object.
My girlfriend gave me chocolate.

Object 1 Object 2
Usually, the meaning of the verb give is completed by two objects as in sentence struc¬
ture 4 - subject + verb + object 1 (indirect object) + object 2 (direct object). Common
verbs used with this structure include give, grant, teach, instruct, send, buy, bring,
tell, offer, etc.
A complement completes the meaning of a verb and modifies the

subject or object of a sentence. There are subject complements and
object complements.
He is a magician.
I find magic exciting.
A magician is the complement of the subject He, and exciting is the complement of
the object magic. Without these complements, the sentences are incomplete.
He is. (X)
I find magic. (X)
52 - Hackers TOEIC Readina www.nhantriviet.com

01 Objects
O Objects in sentences may take certain forms, ail of which function as a noun. Common forms
of objects include: fo"
Noun phrase Jake has enough business sense to run his own company. g
Pronoun I can't find them anywhere in the office. §
Gerund phrase Fred hates working overtime. ®
To-infinitive phrase Helen wants - to get a new job. 1

CD
Noun clause I agree that we need new filing cabinets. g-
The underlined parts are the focus of the objects. These parts are often tested in TOEIC.
® Verbs, adjectives, and adverbs cannot come in the position of an object.

The company guarantees deliver in five to seven days.
delivery
The verb deliver cannot come in the position of the object. It should be the noun delivery.
»ÿ
Planners designed the productive with the teenage consumer in mind.

product
»ÿ
The adjective productive cannot come in the position of the object. It should be the noun product.
TOEIC Questions
Decide which of the choices - (A). (B). (C). or 2. Working in the field helped the trainees to
(D) - best completes the sentence. formulate a better business that
would address the problems raised by Mr.
1. Reliance Property Developers takes great White.
in announcing that we have
(A)-/strategic ..,;;{B) strategical:..;
purchased eleven square kilometers of land
(C) strategy (D) strategize
in the Hartford area.
;
V\ ''(AKpfease vv/r:\ .(B) pleasure ; 3. The manager posted a note stating that the
.'-"(B): pleasant /• vP) pleasurable : staff should know the revised for
company tours.
(A). proceed "(B) proceeds..
(C) procedural (D) procedures :
*
Answers: p. 543
www.nhantriviet.com Chapter 02 Objects, Complements - 53

02 Dummy Object
ÿ The structure subject + verb + dummy object it + adjective + real object (to-infinitive phrase/that-
clause) is used to put more emphasis on the opinion rather than the real object.
it easy to use the software

ÿ
The real object of the sentence is the to-infinitive phrase to use the software.
it peculiar that the CEO didn't attend the seminar

The real object of the sentence is the that-clause that the CEO didn't attend the seminar.
@ The phrase make it possible is frequently used.

The machinery will make it possible to increase productivity.
»- The to-infinitive phrase to increase productivity is the real object of this sentence.
Revisions to the contract will make it possible negotiate- interest rates.

to negotiate
ÿ>-ÿ The
to-infinitive to negotiate, not the bare infinitive negotiate, must be used.
TOEIC Questions
Decide which of the choices - (A), (B), (C), or 2. The whole community found it unreasonable
(D) - best completes the sentence. the city proposed building a landfill
site within a twenty-mile radius of the city limits.
| 1, The proposed budget increases would make
(A) which (B) about
it possible added support to each
(C) that (D) when
sector of Ihe firm.
3. To develop a spirit of creativity in the office.
supervisors should make it necessary
the initiative of each employee.
(A) recognize:" |B).to reeognize ÿ ;
vÿ;;
(C) of recognizing (D) recognized
C/l U TACir Doa/linn www .nha ntriviet.com

03 Complements V o
>
O Complements may take the form of a noun or an adjective.

CO
Complements in the form of a noun 03
o
Noun phrase Previous work experience will be an advantage for applicants. C/3
Gerund phrase His specialty is designing databases.

To-infinitive phrase The important thing is to include your phone number. m
CD
Noun clause The problem is that we do not have sufficient capital. CD
=3
i i
CO
Complements in the form of an adjective
The new investments are profitable.
We found the art exhibit fascinating.
»- The underlined parts are the focus of the complements. These parts are often tested in TOEIC.
# Verbs and adverbs cannot come in the position of a complement.

All employees are cooperate with the new policy.
cooperative
The verb cooperate cannot come in the position of the complement. It should be the adjective cooperative.
Excellent acting made the performance excitingly.
exciting
The adverb excitingly cannot come in the position of the complement. It should be the adjective exciting.
$ Verbs followed by a subject complement or an object complement
Verbs foiluwec! bv a snbioct complement be become gci seen remain

turn taste feel look sound
i/t:rii.s ioiioi-verj r>y cti i onjca compiomHi-i make keep Tind consider caii
O
She became a professional musician.
Mr. Shaw had always considered himself a self-motivated individual.
Decide which of the choices - (A), (B), (C), 2. It was a great that Brian Mann did not
or (D) - best completes the sentence. receive the Employee of the Year Award because
he had worked so hard.
1. The salesmen have been very
(A) disappoints (B) disappointed
in their attempts to get us to purchase a
(C) disappointing (D) disappointment
beachfront property.
3. Although I'm about your situation, 1 have
to consider the best interests of this company.
ÿeirspMietjC;/, (B) empathize
;,(Cÿ;feropatHizrng.;. , (D) empathically
Answers: p. 544

04 Noun Complements vs. Adjective Complements
O When a complement takes the form of a noun, it follows a linking verb or an object and tells us
who/what the subject or object is.
Alice is a ballet dancer.
After two months, Jack became a general manager.
The complements a ballet dancer and a general manager give information about the subjects Alice and Jack,
People called him a liar.
We all considered his speech a masterpiece.
The complements a liar and a masterpiece give information about the objects him and his speech.
# When a complement takes the form of an adjective, it follows a linking verb or an object and
gives an opinion, a feeling, an attitude, etc. about the subject or object.
The paintings are impressive.
She seemed bothered at work today.
->- The complements impressive and bothered give opinions about the subjects The paintings and She.
The manager made the workers nervous.
The bank keeps its depositors satisfied with insurance guarantees.
ÿ*-
The complements nervous and satisfied modify the objects the workers and its depositors.
TOEIC Questions
Decide which of the choices - (A). (B). (C). or 2. Because prices at department store sales
(D) - best completes the sentence. were quite . shoppers did not think it
1. Mrs. Heinz is that the company will necossary to compare prices.
be more successful next year. (A) competition (B) competitive
(C) competitor (D) compete
3 It is for investors to check a company's

performance before purchasing any shares.
Answers: p. 544
Hackers Skill If a complement mentions the state of the subject or object in the sentence, it must
take the form of an adjective, not a noun.
Janelle became liv.crciL ( ;:iis;-es:oc:i in journalism after attending the writers' workshop.
—
The bank keeps its depositors satisfaction (ÿ satisfied) with insurance guarantees.
_ Harkorc: TOFIf RpsHinn www.nhantriviet.com

HACKERS PRACTICE
2
>

00
CD
01 Your reservation for the workshop will not be (compiete/completion) until we receive full payment.
02 Sandra lacked the (mature /maturity) needed for someone in a position of such responsibility.
03 The company made the associate (proud /proudly) by electing him as vice president.
04 Investors in the company expressed (amazing/amazement) at the rate of return they received.
05 James asked his broker to keep him (inform /informed) about developments in the market.
06 Unless you send us a written (confirmation/confirmed), we are not able to ship the order.
07 The new database becomes (operational/operationally) as soon as Mr. Mills gives authorization.
08 When applying for a business loan, you need provide your bank account information.
09 Many people consider credit cards convenience and safe to carry.
10 Sudden budget cuts made it necessary lay off two hundred employees.
11 I found professional workshops incredibly help and productive.
12 Mrs. Fields prefers sharing office tasks to working alone.
13 It is always wisdom to review a contract before signing an agreement to all of its terms.
14 The insurance company offers its customers numerous coverage options.
Answers: p. 544

HACKERS TEST 7 Time limit: 11 minutes
Part 5
01 Speedy Carrier cannot guarantee 08 Points earned on the purchase of any of the
of packages in cases where natural and products are not to other customers.
unavoidable calamities occur. (A) transfers (B) transfer
(A) deliver (B) delivery (C) transferable (D) transference
(C) delivered (D) deliverable
09 The company normally requires each
02 An outstanding tenor and a captivating plot applicant to be interviewed, but they made
made last night's opera at the Carnegie Hall an for Mr. Payne because of his
very outstanding resume.
(A) exciting (B) excitable (A) exceptional (B) exception
(C) excitedly (D) excitement (C) except (D) excepting
03 Starting up the consulting firm is a 10 The health club management keeps

that Mr. Richards is eager to take up. customers by providing quality
(A) venture (B) venturesome service and discounted memberships on a
(C) ventured (D) venturing monthly basis.
(A) satisfaction (B) satisfy
04 New factory workers must have their (C) satisfyingly (D) satisfied
superintendent's for requisition of
any supplies needed for the assembly line. 11 I don't consider it helpful the
(A) approve (B) approval manager for advice, as he seems to know
(C) approves (D) approvingly less than anyone else.
(A) ask (B) to ask
05 Customer complaints have become much (C) by asking (D) asked
more since we installed the
automatic messaging system that filters calls. 12 Meat packing plants must be given a week's
(A) managing (B) manage before an inspector from the
(C) manageable (D) management Department of Agriculture visits the plant.
(A) notice (B) notices
06 The of the company's financial (C) noticed (D) noticeable
officer has left a vacancy that the CEO is
trying to quickly fill. 13 Please be and refrain from speaking
(A) resigned (B) resignedly loudly or causing a disruption during the
(C) resignation (D) resign speaker's presentation.
(A) considered (B) consider
07 Accounting graduates are required to obtain (C) consideration (D) considerate
to establish their credentials as
licensed public accountants. 14 Each year, the reclusive writer
(A) certify (B) certified 25 percent of his yearly earnings to an
(C) certifiable (D) certification orphanage located just outside of the city.
(A) donates (B) donating
(C) are donated (D) to donate

cn
>
15 Computer game manufacturers are often 18 The firm was granted an to file its CO
CD
even in times of economic slowdown corporate tax with no penalty as long as it
because the games they produce are usually makes the necessary tax prepayments.
addictive. (A) extend (B) to extend
(A) profitable (B) profitably (C) extension (D) extensive
(C) profit (D) profiteers
19 The artist, whose paintings are currently on
16 Jeff Myers prefers a job that offers the exhibit at the Parkinson Art Center, gets his
he enjoyed while completing his internship at from the works of Monet and Degas.
Rytech International. (A) inspire (B) inspiring
(A) flexible (B) flexed (C) inspired (D) inspiration
(C) flex (D) flexibility
20 Most recruiters admit that it is an for
17 It is that with the glut of digital products candidates to have a strong background in at
coming into the market, the electronics industry least one foreign language.
is entering a challenging phase. (A) advantage (B) advantaged
(A) cleared (B) clearly (C) advantageous (D) advantageously
(C) clearest (D) clear
Part 6
For those with frequent changes of address or who wish to maintain privacy in terms of their mail
acquiring a post-office box ensures . Once you have selected the most suitable size
21 (A) secure (B) secured
(C) security (D) securely
for your requirements, you will be asked to submit a completed registration form. Due to high
, applicants should be aware that a wait of up to three months may be required. After
22 (A) demand (B) technology
(C) elevation (D) election
approval for ownership of a box is granted, further complications in receiving your mail should
remain as the P.O. box section of the post office is open from 7 a.m. to 10 p.m. daily,
23 (A) minimal (B) minimize
(C) minimizing (D) minimally
including weekends and holidays.
Note: Our policy states that we are not responsible for theft due to lost or stolen keys. Should such
incidents occur, please notify the staff immediately.
,
'1 Answers: p. 544/;
\m\ai\m nhantrivipt mm Chapter 02 Objects, Complements - 59

Chapter
Modi:
Basic Points
A modifier is a word or a group of words that modify basic parts in a

sentence (subject, verb, object, complement). It adds more descrip¬
tion to the sentence.
She is lying under the tree.

Basic parts Modifier
She is lying already forms a complete sentence. The phrase under the tree provides
more information to it.
A modifier is not a must. Sometimes, it can be omitted from a sentence.
He is running with his Jcg. (O)

He is running. (O)
Without the phrase with his dog, the sentence is still complete and makes sense.
There may be several modifiers in a sentence.
Of all the people I know, Jackie was the best saleswoman that I had ever worked
with.
The basic sentence Jackie was the best saleswoman can be modified by Of all the
people I know and that I had ever worked with.
AH _ Wari/orc TC\£\C \hr\M\M nK rsrsf yiv/Iot

01 Modifiers
O Modifiers can take any of the following forms:

CO
Prepositional phrase w
In the park, I saw Janice. CO
To-infinitive phrase I came here to see you.

Participial phrase The people invited to the party were my friends.
Relative clause I respect my colleague who works extremely hard.
Adverb clause When we arrived, we sat down for a cup of tea. 3
CD
=3
The underlined parts are the focus of the modifiers. These parts are often tested in TOEIC.
Positions of modifiers
i
+ subject + verb [Despite an extensive audit], the error was not discovered.
Modifier (prepositional phrase) Subject Verb
subject + + verb These desks [remaining in the hall] must be removed soon.
Subject Modifier (participial phrase) Verb
subject + verb ~ + Darren decided to take the new job [although it would be challenging],
Subject Verb Object Modifier (adverb clause)
© How to find out modifiers

Find out the main verb ÿ=> find out the subject => mark the modifier(s) in [ ]
Candidates [applying for the job] must pass a background check.
2) subject 3) modifier 1) verb
Find out the main verb in the sentence (must pass), then the subject (candidates), and finally mark the
modifier.
TOEIC Questions
Decide which of the choices - (A). (B). (C). or 2. The membership packages are offered
(D) - best completes the sentence. by the book club are based on the reading
needs and tastes of the members.
1. the new supervisor is mild-mannered
and soft-spoken, she is very firm about getting ÿ"'v(|\)*:they .
(C) those (D) these

work done on time.
3. The newspaper publisher submitted to
an investigation, that charges of
plagiarism against his star reporter would be
dealt with quickly.
(A) ensuring ; : (B) be ensured
ensure :
P) ensures .v
:: - Answers: p4 544
www nhantrivipt mm fhantor fi3 ft/lnrjiftarc A1
02 Modifying Phrases, Modifying Clauses
O A modifying phrase does not include a conjugated verb. Prepositional phrases, to-infinitive
phrases, and participial phrases belong to this group.
Prepositional phrase Because of a decrease in orders, the company ordered fewer supplies.
To-infinitive phrase The consultant suggested several strategies to reduce overhead costs.
Participial phrase Employees going on the trip will be given their plane tickets tomorrow.
The underlined parts are the focus of the modifying phrases. These parts are often tested in TOEIC.
® A modifying clause is formed by a subject and a conjugated verb. Relative clauses and adverb
clauses belong to this group.
Relative clause The arena is a place which hosts sporting and musical events.
Adverb clause The request cannot be approved until Mrs. Charles signs this form.
»" The underlined parts are the focus of the modifying clauses. These parts are often tested in TOEIC.
© Introductory words in modifying phrases and modifying clauses

Prepositions, to-infinitives, or participles are often used to start modifying phrases.
Relative pronouns or conjunctions are often used to start modifying clauses.
She left without a word to anyone.
A word to anyone is a phrase, so the preposition without must be used to start it.
Unless conditions improve, I'm going to have to change companies soon.

Conditions improve is a clause, so the conjunction unless must be used to start it.
->*ÿ
TOEIC Questions _
Decide which of the choices - (A). (B), (C). or 2. The breakdown of a major piece of machinery
(D) - best completes the sentence. production forced the owner to
announce a temporary plant shutdown.
1. this is only Ms. Planter's third week.
(A) since (B) during
she has quickly become a standout in company
(C) while (D) except
presentations.
(A) Although (B) In spite of 3. the problems Team B is experiencing.
(C) Nevertheless (D) However the manager decided that it would be best
to give the team a little more time to write its
project assessment report.
(A) Even if (B) Since
(C) Nevertheless (D) Because of
Answers: p. 544
HACKERS PRACTICE
Find out the modifiers in the following sentences and mark them in [ ].
01 In spite of a scheduling conflict, Jacob attended the annual meeting.
02 Shoppers purchasing less than ten items can use the express checkout lane.
03 The man read an article whose topic dealt with working relationships.
04 A valuable employee is one who is diligent, trustworthy, and self-motivated.
05 Industrial automation has laid off numerous trade union members from the assembly line.
06 Rob was disciplined for using funds without proper permission.
07 While Dan waited in the office lobby, he read a magazine article.
08 Craig's version (unless/of) the events contradicted statements made by other witnesses.
09 A meeting was called (to resolve /resolve) the conflict between the coworkers.
10 Mrs. Bishop worked (even though/despite) she was suffering from the flu.
11 Miners (working/work) in the coal industry face significant health risks.
12 (Because of/Because) Andy delivered excellent results, his boss granted him a raise.
13 A market analyst is a position (and/which) is highly valued on Wall Street.
14 Our division will work on the sales project (during/while) the next month.
Answers: p. 544
www.n ha ntriviet.com Chapter 03 Modifiers - 63

it#' A
K R 8
... .. C-
ÿ
- Time limit: 11 minutes
Part 5
01 The meeting was still a success the 08 The Miracle Skin Company has received
guidance of the vice president and others in hundreds of inquiries it ran its first
senior management. advertisement in all the major dailies.
(A) though (B) without (A) before (B) by
(C) unless (D) even (C) since (D) past
02 All products in the catalog are available in 09 The company's standing in the telecommuni¬
our online store, customers to shop cations industry was forged years of
from the convenience of their homes. putting the customer's needs first.
(A) allows (B) allow (A) regarding (B) but
(C) will allow (D) allowing (C) when (D) through
03 the wide range of services offered 10 Delegates from the ITO have gathered
by the agency, it is surprising they have a the practicality of current import/
fairly narrow client base. export laws.
(A) Meanwhile (B) Then (A) to analyze (B) analyze
(C) Considering (D) Again (C) analyst (D) analysis
04 Please give us your mobile phone number 11 worries that the government will
Mr. Saunders has other questions to be unable to control the budget deficit, it is
ask you. expected that national spending will reach an
(A) in case (B) even if all-time high.
(C) despite (D) therefore (A) Nevertheless (B) Despite
(C) After (D) However
05 The women our organization
are either full-time housewives or college 12 new competitors have flooded the
students who want to make a difference in market, management does not view them as
our community. a serious threat to business.
(A) join (B) joining (A) In spite (B) For
(C) will join (D) will be joining (C) Regardless of (D) Even though
06 A reminder was sent to the staff that wise 13 The studio is expected to release five more
of company supplies would decrease films before the end of the year their
monthly expenditures. summer movie makes a good showing at the
(A) utilization (B) utility box office.
(C) utilize (D) utilizer (A) there (B) so
(C) if (D) then
07 In the business world today, there is a
growing optimism the rising value of 14 The company is strict about having progress
the dollar. reports submitted the end of each
(A) view (B) with respect week.
(C) over (D) refer to (A) early (B) when
(C) by (D) promptly
64 - Hackers TOEIC Reading www.n hantriviet.com

15 Companies are decreasing the amount of fuel 18 Consumer confidence in the company
they use higher prices for energy over the months, due in part to a strategic
sources have begun to cut into their profits. merchandising campaign.
m
(A) except (B) as (A) increase (B) increasing CD
3
CD
(C) until (D) at (C) to increase (D) has increased Z3
16 The investigation team questioned all of the 19 All members the project team should
associates in the alleged plot to report to the conference room at 2 p.m. for a
embezzle company funds. special meeting on project proposal writing.
(A) involves (B) involve (A) once (B) unless
(C) involved (D) involvement (C) of (D) when
17 The work took much less time to accomplish 20 An effective manager should not only be
the manager organized the staff into able to delegate responsibilities but also give
task groups. to the staff.
(A) following (B) after (A) encouragement (B) encourage
(C) soon (D) by (C) encouraging (D) encouraged
...........
Part 6
The air-travel industry and environmentalists from around the country are eagerly awaiting the 2nd
Air Transportation and the Environment Conference next week. The keynote speakers
21 (A) can open (B) opened .
(C) opening ÿ
(D) is opened
will focus on the concerns and progress made in each of these areas by speaking on current trends
.......
in creating more environmentally friendly aircraft and airports.
The 1st Air Transportation and the Environment Conference was highly successful, and all the ses¬
sions were very well Therefore, early registration is strongly recommended as
. ... . . . .
22 (A) attended (B) organized
.(C) 'deserved (D) managed
...
. is certain that the discussion meetings scheduled for this year wil up quickly as well.
23 (A) this (B) it
(C) there (D) that
Answers: p. 544
www.nhantriviet.com Chapter 03 Modifiers - 65

66 www.nhantriviet.com
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Verb-Related Structures
Chapter 04 - Forms and Types of English Verbs
Chapter 05 - Subject-Verb Agreement
Chapter 06 - Tenses
Chapter 07 - Active Voice, Passive Voice
Chapter 08 - Subjunctives
www nhsntrivipf.rom 67
ÿM
Forms an
Basic Points
An English verb has five typical forms below:
CD Basic form or bare infinitive

I work for an advertising company.
(2) Third person singular present form (bare infinitive + -s/-es)
She likes to go camping.
(3) Past form (bare infinitive + -ed/ irregular past form)
I visited my parents last week.
Brian told me a funny story.
@ Present participle form (bare infinitive + -ing)
I am playing the trumpet.
© Past participle form (bare infinitive + -ed/irregular past participle form)
The cat was saved by a stranger.
I had brought some cookies to school.
4> Past participle is written as p.p.
English verbs are divided into three types: intransitive verbs, transitive
verbs, and linking verbs. Intransitive verbs are used in sentence struc¬
ture 1; linking verbs are used in sentence structure 2; and transitive
verbs are used in sentence structures 3, 4, and 5.
© Structure 1: Subject + intransitive verb

She smiled.
® Structure 2: Subject + linking verb + subject complement
Mark is smart.
© Structure 3: Subject + transitive verb + object
Dogs like swimming.
® Structure 4: Subject + transitive verb + indirect object + direct object
She sent me a flower.
© Structure 5: Subject + transitive verb + object + object complement
I found Mark wise.
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01 Modal /Auxiliary Verb + Bare Infinitive I
O All modal verbs, such as will/would, may/ might, can/could, must, should, must be followed
by a bare infinitive.
—*
CD
Cr
will to call you. i
call
**- The modal verb will must be followed by the bare infinitive call, not the to-infinitive to call.
We could going to the park today if you would like to.
go
The modal verb could must be followed by the bare infinitive go, not the gerund going.
All campers should remembrance to bring the following items.
remember
The modal verb should must be followed by the bare infinitive remember, not the noun remembrance.
She will fewjives you.
forgive
The modal verb will must be followed by the bare infinitive forgive, not the third person singular present
form forgives.
I
f> A bare infinitive must be used after the auxiliary verb do/does/did to form a negative sen¬
tence, an interrogative sentence, or an inversion structure.
They did not arrived until 2 p.m.
arrive
»- After the auxiliary verb did which is used to form the negative sentence, the bare infinitive arrive, not the
past form arrived, must be used.
Never did I thought about switching careers.
think
After the auxiliary verb did which is used in the inversion structure, the bare infinitive think, not the past
form thought, must be used.
Decide which of the choices - (A), (B), (C), or 2. To achieve success in today's competitive
(D) - best completes the sentence. environment, companies must a solid
business plan.
1. The corporation's plan to overhaul the
employee benefits program will (A) to establish (B) establishing
because it has the full support of the staff. ÿC) 6§tabJish -./'(D) establishes
ÿV-C(A); sMccessv.r* :;/y(0}.;su'c;peed / .- //••
. 3. The book was delivered by an international
/".(G) succeeds/ ... / to succeed ./... courier, but it did not until three
weeks after the expected delivery date.
(A) arrival / ... . (B) arrive ;
(G) arrivihg (D) arrived
. Armwersÿp. 5M "
www nhantrivipt rnrn fhantpr 04 Frsrrm and Tvnps of Fnnlish Verbs 69
02 Auxiliary Verb Be/Have + Participle F i-
V-ing and p.p. go with the auxiliary verb be to form the progressive tense (be + V-ing) and
the passive voice (be + p.p.); p.p. goes with the auxiliary verb have to form the perfect tense
(have + p.p.).
Progressive tense She is looking out the window.
Passive voice Rental cars were brought back here.
Perfect tense I have seen Lion King.
?' A bare infinitive cannot come after the auxiliary verb be or have.
I
Edward is watch a film this evening.
watching
After the auxiliary verb be, watching is used to form the progressive tense.
The form must be s«BtWt by Tuesday.

submitted
After the auxiliary verb be, submitted is used to form the passive voice.
I have see the new advertisement.
seen
ÿ*- After the auxiliary verb have, seen is used to form the perfect tense.
Decide which of the choices - (A). (B). (C). or 2. Environmental groups have severely
(D) - best completes the sentence. the auto industry's lackluster efforts to reduce
harmful emissions.
1, The astule manager discerns unspoken
(A) Gi iiical {ÿ) criticized
employee gripes even before they are
oriticism v ) critSwize
j
{aa 0\/r\ÿcsgQ (q\ pxÿreÿsion 3. Real estate values have been from
(Q) £5 VPj jr"OCJC* i\/P year to year in most parts of the United
Siaies.
(A) rise ; (B) rose
(C) risen (D) rising
Answers: p. 544
~rn m _i rnrsr
M I
ÿm
s
O An intransitive verb requires a preposition before its object, while a transitive verb must imme¬ >
diately be followed by an object.
3
GT
Tra.-ifiiii'./? v-;rb + obiscf i

CD
CO
CD
opeak''to}'a' group;'' -v- ÿ-
; rÿa.Vion his absence a.

oo
to your customer '•discuss- the ..issue ÿ•;; ': ÿ
3
o
ÿ
telfraBoUlilT© 'probtemx. jet ime to hire a lawyer

iifSHt UUL c
ÿ
come- to a 'cteelsion :
react to the updated version ipr0sw::lhe,feqU0st;y:

'respdntf 'lira 'qiiittidH1 the new system
We have to about the sudden decrease in export sales of this month.

talk
Before the noun phrase the sudden decrease is the preposition about. Therefore, an intransitive verb is
needed. Discuss is a transitive verb and talk is an intransitive verb. Hence, talk is the correct choice.
# Note the differences between transitive verbs which require only one object (that-clause) and
transitive verbs which require two objects (also called ditransitive verbs).
Transitive verbs (structure 3} + object (that-cleuse; Transitive verbs (structure 4) + object 1 + object 2
' . "/• .... (to me) that -s:! 'ÿ-forr. /; -oÿvy me that
.ÿ j
, ...... ' C ÿ10 \WKi} U idi
--- - - H SO L i ,Cii.
j explain /describe (to me) that assure /convince me that j

The supplier saW the purchaser that they had new stock.
told
»- There are two objects the purchaser and that they had new stock, so a verb of sentence structure 4 will
be correct. Said is a verb of sentence structure 3 and told is a verb of sentence structure 4. Hence, told
is the correct choice.
TOEIC Questions
Decide which of the choices - (A). (B). (Cj. or 2. The council the director that
i (D) - best completes the sentence. continued support of the Baker project might
result in financial loss.
1. The Chief of Security to us that we
f/"\) dGvised (B; explained
should lake the highest precautions to ensure
(G) recommended (D) announced
no information was leaked to the press.
(A) informed (B) convinced 3. My stockbroker me about a safe
(C) notified (D) mentioned investment plan that would securo my financial
future.
tAj'.gave - '
(O) ioiu
(C) suggested. (D) recommended
'
ÿ
Answers; pr544
www.nhantriviet.com Chapter 04 Forms and Types of English Verbs - 71

ses
0 After verbs/adjectives/nouns expressing suggestions, requests, duties, etc., bare infinitives

must be used in that-clauses.
Verbs suggest propose recommend request ask
require demand insist command order
Adjectives imperative essential necessary important
Noun advice
My advice is that she takes more classes in business communications.

take
After the noun advice expressing a suggestion, the bare infinitive take must be used in the that-clause.
The hotel manager requests that any meetings are held in the conference room.
be
*- After the verb request expressing a demand, the bare infinitive be must be used in the that-clause.
It is essential that the process is completed in a timely fashion.

be
After the adjective essential expressing a duty, the bare infinitive be must be used in the that-clause.
Decide which of the choices - (A), (B), (C), or 2. The manufacturer insists that the defective
(D) - best completes the sentence. air bags replaced in spite of the high
cost of recalling thousands of affected cars.
1. The Trattoria Restaurant requests that
(A) are (B) be
patrons reservations for a table at
(C) have (D) has
least two weeks ahead of time.
(A) makes (B) making 3. Due to the urgency of this matter, it is
(C) made (D) make imperative that Mr. Lambert one of
our customer representatives by 5 p.m.
(A) is contacting (B) will contact
(C) contact (D) contacted
Answers: p. 544
72 - Hackers TOE1C Reading www.nhantriviet.com

HACKERS PRACTICE
01 Crystal will gladly (accept/acceptance) her boss' offer of a promotion and a raise.
02 It is important that the city (receive/ receives) state funds for its budget.
03 The famous author was asked to (speak/ mention) to Harvard's graduating finance majors about
the meaning of success.
04 Should you (be/are) unable to attend, have my secretary send you the minutes from the meeting.
05 Jessie (would like /was liked) the opportunity to serve on the committee for international diplomacy.
06 Despite the financial benefits, most people in the community (oppose /object) the construction of a
chemical plant.
07 The commentator failed to (mention/notify) to us that the source for the story was unreliable.
08 You had better turned in those evaluations before you put in a request for time off.
09 Kate has apply for some vacation time for this coming August.
10 It is imperative that you will submit all reports in a timely fashion.
11 A ceremony will held in honor of Mrs. Stansfield's many accomplishments.
12 Only on Saturday afternoons does the clinic accepts walk-in patients.
13 She is compile the documents and should have them ready for you shortly.
14 It is essential that we to remain aware of our competitors' activities.

Answers: p. 545

A U K L h S ! E S ! '
Part 5
01 The fee must within two days if you 08 The two leading construction firms have
do riot wish to forfeit your reservation. indicated their in bidding for the
(A) be paying (B) be paid Swanson Tenement Project.
(C) to pay (D) have paid (A) interested (B) interesting
(C) interest (D) interests
02 While Harman's used to imported
furniture, it is now sticking to local products 09 At the meeting, we will about the
to avoid the hassles of customs. problem concerning the misuse of company
(A) have sold (B) sold telephones and fax machines.
(C) sell (D) selling (A) object (B) oppose
(C) talk (D) discuss
03 It is essential that no unauthorized persons
into the building once it has been 10 Once all the proposals have been submitted,
locked by the security personnel. we will which company is best suited
(A) admitted (B) admit for the new construction project.
(C) be admitted (D) admittance (A) determination (B) determine
(C) determined (D) determines
04 Until recently, the Family Entertainment
Arcade located in the mall not 11 Your team will need to meet and prepare a
generating the revenue its owners expected. timetable when you ready to begin
(A) is (B) was work on the new project.
(C) has (D) being (A) be (B) are
(C) have (D) will be
05 Financial advisers suggest that setting aside
cash for emergencies it easier for 12 The canned chicken soup manufacturer
the first-time investor to recover from losses. insists that all the cans , regardless
(A) makes (B) be made of losses to the company.
(C) make (D) made (A) recall (B) recalling
(C) be recalled (D) are recalled
06 Because the positions need to be filled
immediately, applications for the positions 13 The director not agree with the
indicated below be received or company president, as he believes that the
postmarked no later than March 21 . word processing software market is already
(A) might (B) ought glutted.
(C) need (D) must (A) is (B) was
(C) did (D) has
07 The notice on the community bulletin board
requested that the purse to its owner 14 A test was given to the applicants to
and stated that a small reward would be eliminate those who did not the
given. basic knowledge requirements for the job.
(A) returns (B) returning (A) meet (B) meeting
(C) be returned (D) to return (C) be met (D) to meet

"flBii
ÿX2
15 The final report should on the 18 The stockroom manager the window
more recent findings rather than on the data display designer that the fall display would 33
CD
collected a few months ago. have to wait because of a delay with the CO
CD
Q.
(A) base (B) based shipment. CO
5
(C) be based (D) to be based (A) explained (B) informed O
r-
c
(C) announced (D) proposed £
16 Because of the sudden collapse of the firm,
hundreds of people themselves 19 Only after one of the employees expressed
without a job. concern did they investigating
(A) are found (B) finding harassment claims against the supervisor.
(C) be found (D) found (A) started (B) starting
(C) starts (D) start
17 Faced with a huge decrease in sales, the
company half of its employees and 20 As there are so many calls for computer
closed down two factories. system repairs, the company technician has
(A) dismiss (B) dismissal his supervisor to hire additional
(C) dismissed (D) was dismissed workers.
(A) ask (B) asking
(C) asked (D) been asked
Part 6
New Drug Said to Knock Out Stress

With PharmaNext currently holding a monopoly on work-related stress-relieving drugs, MediComp
has unveiled their new product in an attempt to control the market. According to a company spokes¬
person, Stress-Out TM will in treating stress caused by illnesses and pains, and also
21 (A) aid (B) to .aid.-. .
'.Vs ÿ
-<C): aidingÿ .. . :(D) aidecfcv 0
provide a balanced mix of multi-vitamins to improve one's immune system. Having received certifi¬
cation from the federal drug administration, MediComp has a few companies with free
- v \ -v supplier
trial samples of the drug. Studies showed that employee improved after only two weeks
(C) execution (D) abundance
and employees stated they felt healthier and more energetic. The drug is said to be made of a
hundred percent organic, herbal ingredients and will not cause any side effects. It will be readily
available at all major pharmacies by next month.
A.-.'-'. . Answers: p..545>'f

Basic Points
Verbs must agree with their subjects in number.
A dog barks,
Subject Verb
(singular) (singular)
Dogs bark.
Subject Verb
(plural) (plural)
In the first sentence, the subject A dog is singular, so the verb is singular, too (barks).
In the second sentence, the subject Dogs is plural, so the verb is plural, too (bark).
The suffix -s/-es is added to the basic form of a verb to form a singular
verb; a bare infinitive is used to form a plural verb.
Basic form Singular form Plural form

visit visits visit
watch watches watch
do does do
have has have
The girl has lots of ideas about what to write.

The children have lots of ideas about what to write.
These rules are only applied in the present simple tense. In the past simple tense, both
singular verbs and plural verbs have the same form.
The teacher encouraged the students to speak freely.
The teachers encouraged the students to speak freely.
However, the form of the verb be is different between the singular and the plural in not
only the present tense but also the past tense.
Basic form Singular form Plural form

be (Present tense) am/is are
(Past tense) was were
76 - Hackers TOEIC Readina www nhantrivipt rnm

01 Subject- Verb Agreement in Numbe 1 o
Q A singular subject must go with a singular verb; a plural subject must go with a plural verb.
The lunch menu changes daily.
The subject The lunch menu is singular, so the verb is singular, too (changes),
The ferries have restaurants that are open for all three meals.
The subject The ferries is plural, so the verb is plural, too (have) .
# A gerund phrase or a noun clause as the subject of a sentence always goes with a singular verb.
Reading a book makes me want to fall asleep.
ÿ*- The gerund phrase Reading a book must go with the singular verb makes.
What I remember about her is a willingness to negotiate.
The noun clause What I remember about her must go with the singular verb is.
© Modifiers between subjects and verbs do not affect the subject-verb agreement in number.
Services [at this hotel] meitfcfes airport pick-up.
include
Do not let the noun hotel in the modifying phrase distract you. The subject of this sentence is Services,
ÿ*-
which agrees with the plural verb include.

The statement [drawn up by Werner Accountants] provide a benchmark for evaluation.
provides
Do not let the noun Werner Accountants in the modifying phrase distract you. The subject of this sentence
is The statement, which agrees with the singular verb provides.
TOEIC Questions
Decide which of the choices - (A). (B). (C). or 2. As the members of management have comc to
(D) - best completes the sentence. realize, the of implementing the new
business proposition has to be studied further.
1. The recent meeting between the two
(A); prospect (B) prospective
companies that a deal is near.
(C) prospects (D) prosperous
...
(A)- imply .(B) implies.':
(G) was implied (D) implying 3. A decrease in the supply of clean water sources
sales in water purification products.
aid.' . .(Braids.
(C)-: aiding .'. (D.) was aided . **v f'v/.
Answers: p. 545
Hackers Skill Pay no attention to the modifiers), make the subject and the verb agree with each other.
wvvw.nhanfriviet.com fharsfpr OS Snhiprf -Vprh Anrppmprtt 77

02 Subject Verb Agreement with Expressions of Quantity
O Singular verbs are used with singular expressions of quantity, and plural verbs are used with
plural expressions of quantity.
Pinrf;i ,i' =;-t viy
one/each + singular noun many/several/few/both (+ of the) + plural noun i

one /each + of the + plural noun a number of + plural noun j
every + singular noun a couple /variety of + plural noun |
the number of + plural noun
somebody, someone, something
anybody, anyone, anything
everybody, everyone, everything
nobody, no one, nothing
One of_the trainees has scored perfect on the company procedures test.
Every person at this meeting iooks exhausted.
Many schools have football teams.
Many of the employees take vacation time in the summer.
A variety of methods are used to obtain information.
I
1 For subjects with expressions of quantity indicating a part or the whole, their verbs will agree in
1
number with the nouns after of the.
ail, most, any, some, half, a lot /lots singular noun + singular verb
3f the +
part, the rest, the bulk, percent, fractior 'pltfal/vnpurt;+ ;plur#*'Virferÿ./
Half of the annual profit goes to paying taxes and insurance fees.
The noun after half of the is singular (annual profit), and so is the verb (goes).
Roughly half of the employees at K Company commute to work by bus.

s- The noun after half of the is plural (employees), and so is the verb (commute).
TOEIC Questions
Decide which of the choices - (A). (B). (C). or 2. Every employee to consider what his
(D) - best completes Lhc sentence or her prospects are for career advancement
and personal growth, and HRD will provide
1. A variety of colors to be used in the
counseling services to assist them.
painting, but we will not know which ones
until it is cleaned.
3. All of the consultants' suggestions about the

company's position regarding the upcoming
merger into consideration by the CEO.
t will taka
I VVII I
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iICt v w
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03 Subject-Ver
Conjunction
O When two subjects are connected by the coordinating conjunction and, a plural verb is used.
I O
TO
>
2
5
>
The president and the director are working on the plan.

The two subjects The president and the director are connected by and, so the verb is plural (are).
Plural verbs are also used in the structure Both A and B.

Both the flower bed and the garden need to be watered.
The two subjects The flower bed and the garden are connected by Both ... and, so the verb is plural (need).
@ When two subjects are connected by the coordinating conjunction or, the verb will agree with
the subject closest to it.
Two vans or a bus is needed to take those children somewhere.
The two subjects Two vans and a bus are connected by or. Hence, the verb takes the singular form (is) to
agree with the singular subject a bus.
© When two subjects are connected by the following correlative conjunctions, the verb will agree
with the subject B.
Either A or B
Neither A nor B
Not A but B
Not only A but (also) B
O In addition to ~, along with ~, as well as and together with ~ are modifiers that do not
affect the number of verbs.
Mr. Clarion, [along with his partners], femk the new venture will work.
thinks
»- The verb here corresponds with the singular subject Mr. Clarion, regardless of the modifying phrase along
with his partners.
TOEIC Questions
Decide which of the choices - (A), (B). (C), or 2. The chef's assistant and a special
(D) - best completes the sentence. menu for this evening's wine tasting event,
which will be attended by some top sommeliers.
1. Mr. Burns and the secretary of our Arlington
lAJam/preparihg; :(B): prepares,.:.;/::*'
branch to the weekend gathering.
.(%;are;'p.re'p'9Ting;- .:{D|:ÿ,asÿpFep$re£|;:
- (A).' is' edrfitnQ: :
(B) ;are::e©rriiRg.
fCÿooraes (D) has come 3. The federal government, along with the
cooperation of leading industrial companies,
to create more jobs for skilled workers.
(A) iq ryiish nn (B) are pushinq
(C\ UUwl
\V/ j ni
iQhinn
lit (D) :have .been-pushed::.
: Answers:.:p.:ÿ5::
www.nhantriviet.com Chapter 05 Subject -Verb Agreement - 79

04 Subject-Verb Agreement in Relative Claus I
O In a relative clause, if the antecedent is in the singular form, a singular verb must be used. If
the antecedent is plural, a plural verb must be used.
Singular antecedent singular verb
+ subject relative pronoun (who, which, that) + plural verb
Plural antecedent
We have hired an associate who has experience in international sales.

»- The verb in the relative clause takes the singular form (has) as the antecedent is singular (an associate) .
Receptionists who don't have database experience are useless in today's job market.
The verb in the relative clause takes the plural form (don't have) as the antecedent is plural (Receptionists).
1
Do not confuse antecedents and modifiers.
Offices [in this building] that is currently leased on a monthly basis will be subject to additional
charges. are
The antecedent is Offices, so the corresponding verb takes the plural form (are). Do not be distracted by
the singular noun this building in the modifying phrase.
The virus [in the computers], which were passed on by e-mail, was removed by a computer
technician. was
The antecedent is The virus, so the corresponding verb takes the singular form (was). Do not be distracted
by the plural noun the computers in the modifying phrase.
TOEIC Questions
Decide which of the choices - (A), (B), (C), or 2. Each year, we send representatives from
(D) - best completes the sentence. our firm to job fairs that at college
campuses throughout the country.
1. Files that in the main facility are
(A) helc (B) are held
being removed in an effort to computerize all
(C) are holding (D) was held
records and data.
(A) were stored (B) have stored 3. The number of users who support
(C) was stored (D) stores has increased since the company released the
latest version of its software.
require ÿ £3 ) requires
(C) is recjuired (D) are required
Answers: p. 545
RO - Harkpr<; TOFIC Rparlinn www.nhantriviet.com

HACKERS PRACTICE o
>
01 Plans to open an office in Asia (was/were) delayed for several months.
C
02 Employees at this firm that (is/are) currently salaried will be asked to pull overtime this week. §
03 (Many/Much) fear that small business taxes will rise next year.
04 All computers in the office (was /were) damaged in the fire.
05 The guests brought to the convention (is/are) from the international branch in Germany.
06 Savings (bank/banks) in the western region have begun to increase loan activity.
07 The supervisor, together with investigators, (is /are) going to confront the accountant about fraud
accusations.
08 A car and a truck is on sale during the year-end clearance program.
09 Half of the stocks listed on the exchange pays annual dividends.
10 Several guests request that the hotel swimming pool be opened early.
11 The news warn that the airline industry is on the verge of collapse.
12 Uniform with company emblems are required by airlines for both security reasons and customer
convenience purposes.
13 Accurate information is needed to make business and economic decisions.
14 Reducing waste through increased recycling are both practical and necessary.
Answers: p. 545

'/ '
/ 1
Part 5
01 All for long-distance phone calls 08 The flu epidemic will probably an
made from the office are the employee's increased demand for over-the-counter
responsibility. remedies.
(A) charge (B) charging (A) stimulates (B) stimulated
(C) to charge (D) charges (C) to stimulate (D) stimulate
02 Price-Rite and Herald chain stores are 09 The cheap cost of labor in developing
popular with the public, and offer countries as a motive for companies
quality goods at affordable prices. to move production overseas.
(A) one (B) them (A) is seer, (B) has seen
(C) both (D) either (C) see (D) seeing
03 North America's Atlas, featuring articles on 10 The shipment of construction tools

individualism and capitalism, in scheduled to be delivered last week, but a
August by Russell Palmer. transportation problem caused a short delay.
(A) publish (B) to publish (A) was (B) are
(C) will be published (D) have been published (C) were (D) is
04 Questions the recent changes in 11 Work on such infrastructure facilities as

employee benefits and eligibility should be power and water supply, as well as roads and
addressed to Mr. Henderson in personnel. telecommunications, shape in the
(A) concerning (B) concern small town of Loleta.
(C) concerned (D) concerns (A) to take (B) taking
(C) has taken (D) take
05 A medication is known to be dose-dependent
when its effects as its dosage varies. 12 Disallowing the use of inappropriate language
(A) change (B) changing at the workplace a long-standing rule
(C) to change (D) changes that has been enforced since the company's
establishment.
06 A customer has called to complain that the (A) have (B) has
product he ordered last month not (C) is (D) being
yet arrived.
(A) is (B) are 13 A full two-year warranty is provided to anyone
(C) has (D) have who an Eaton laptop computer during
the month of May.
07 Salespeople who their interactions (A) purchasing (B) purchase
with customers on a case-to-case basis are (C) purchaser (D) purchases
more effective than those who stick to the
same approach with everyone. 14 We would like to inform the participants that the
(A) handle (B) handles fees for the two-day educational event
(C) are handled (D) handling reference materials, lodging, and meals.
(A) cover (B) to cover
(C) is covered (D) has covered
8? - Harkprq TOPIC Rpadina www.nhantriviet.com

15 With corporate ownership increasing in the 18 The tips listed on the first page of every issue
Eastern hemisphere, many that labor buyers determine what computer
jobs will triple over the next five years. accessories they really need and where to
(A) predicting (B) to predict buy them.
(C) predict (D) has predicted (A) help (B) helping
(C) is helping (D) to be helped
16 The selection committee to review
the resume, portfolio, and reference letters of 19 After completing his degree in business
each potential candidate. administration, Jeff Damon began working
(A) is wanting (B) wants for a research organization that in
(C) wanting (D) have wanted marketing strategies.
(A) to specialize (B) specializes
17 The aforementioned increase in pay is (C) was specialized (D) have specialized
offered only to who have completed
the required two-year full-time employment 20 The number of individuals being recruited by
contract. the company this summer for temporary jobs
(A) employ (B) employer to exceed fifty.
(C) employees (D) employment (A) is expected (B) are expecting
(C) expects (D) expecting
Part 6
Noei Velasquez
1015 Meriwether Drive
Birmingham, Ml 48009
Dear Mr, Velasquez,
Thank you for contacting Blue-Ray Distributors about the problem with your plasma television. We
for your inconvenience and will do everything possible to provide you with a solution. You
21 (A) apologize (B) apologizing
(C) to apologize (D) apology
mentioned that your television screen only black and white images. This occurs when the
22 (A) would display (B) display
(C) displays (D) was displayed
television set is not used correctly or has a manufacturing defect. Our company primarily deals with
damage related to shipping, handling and delivery. In view of this, we think it is best to inform the
manufacturer of your problem. We therefore advise you to contact your nearest Xavier Manufactur¬
ers center. Please do not hesitate to call us at 555-1836 if there is anything else we can
23 (A) security (B) repair
(C) marketing (D) technology
do, or if you require any further assistance.
Sincerely yours,
Pierre Leon
Customer Representative
Answers: p, 545 :

Basic Points
Tenses indicate the time of certain actions or states.

She worked on the paper last week.
She works on the paper a little bit every day.
She will work on the paper tomorrow.
The verb work changes its form to worked, works, and will work depending on the time
the action takes place. These verb variants are called tenses.
In English, there are simple tenses, progressive tenses, and perfect

tenses.
Simple tenses are used to indicate an action or a state at a specific time. They take the
forms of bare infinitive (+ -s/-es), bare infinitive + -ed/ irregular past form, and will
+ bare infinitive.
Present simple Club members meet every Wednesday at 7 p.m.
Past simple Club members met in various locations in Grand Folks.
Future simple Club members will meet today after school.
Progressive tenses are used to indicate an action or a state that is in progress. They
take the form of be + V-ing.
Present progressive Jane is walking.
Past progressive Jane was walking.
Future progressive Jane will be walking to work.
Perfect tenses are used to indicate an action or a state that already finished. They take
the form of have + p.p.
Present perfect Denise has left.
Past perfect Denise had left already.
Future perfect Denise will have left by that time.
84 ...
Hackers TOEIC Reading www.nhantriviet.com
Present/ Past/ Future Simple Tens n,'C'C**"
O The present simple tense is used to express a habitual action or a general truth.
i"
' V*. »
—1
Bbsb—J
CD
33
>
She usually charges high fees for her consulting service.

»ÿThe present simple tense (charges) is used to express the habitual action. J3
CD
A good supervisor creates a nice environment.
The present simple tense (creates) refers to the overall characteristic of a good supervisor.
# The past simple tense is used to express an action or a state that happened and finished in the
past.
Miguel instituted the Art Appreciation Program two years ago.
»- The action finished in the past (two years ago), so the verb is in the past simple tense (instituted).
© The future simple tense is used to indicate an action that will happen after the moment of
speaking or a prediction in the future.
We will go to the beach tomorrow.
The future simple tense (will go) refers to the action in the future.
O The present simple tense is used in adverb clauses of time referring to the future and in first
conditional clauses.
When you will finish the course, a certificate will be sent to you.
finish
The present simple tense (finish) is used in the adverb clause of time though it refers to the future time.
If the survey results will be satisfactory, the company will launch the sale.
are
The present simple tense (are) is used in the first conditional clause though it refers to the future time.
TOEIC Questions
Decide which of the choices - (A), (B), (C), or 2. Mr. Sanders out of the country until next
(D) - best completes the sentence. Friday, but you can contact him by e-mail if there
are matters of urgency.
1. Mr. and Mrs. Robertson, who the
Strong Children Organization, will be giving (A) is being (B) will be
speeches at our company dinner tonight. (C) will have been (uj nas oeen
(A) founding (B) foundation 3. If management Ms. Fernandez to rewrite

(C) found (D) founded the project analysis over the weekend, they will
have to pay her for overtime.
(A) will ask /R\ ackc
(C) will have asked (D) would ask
Answers: p. 545
www.nhantriviet.com Chapter 06 lenses - 85

02 nt/Past/Fut tm MSI
The present progressive tense (am /is/ are + V-ing) is used to express an action that is
happening at present or at the moment of speaking.
She is living in Canada at the moment.
»- The present progressive tense is used to express the action that is in progress at present (is living).
The past progressive tense (was/were + V-ing) is used to put emphasis on the course of an
action at a specific time in the past.
I was watching TV at eight o'clock yesterday.
The action was in progress at a specific time in the past (eight o'clock yesterday), so the past progressive
tense is used (was watching).
The future progressive tense (will be + V-ing) is used to put emphasis on the course of an
action at a specific time in the future.
At this time tomorrow, I will be lying on the beach.
The action will be in progress at a specific time in the future (this time tomorrow), so the future progressive
tense is used (will be lying).
Below are some static verbs that cannot be used in progressive tenses.
surprise shock hate prefer want believe
include need be know exist
the sound of the sea.
*- Prefer is a perception verb, so the present progressive tense am preferring cannot be used.
The president is being out of the office.
is
Be is a static verb, so the present progressive tense is being cannot be used.
TOEIC Questions
Decide which of the choices - (A), (B), (C), or 2. Facilities at the university recreational center
(D) - best completes the sentence. an Olympic-sized swimming pool, five
racquetball courts, and an indoor track.
1. The majority of home designers believe that
(A) are including /(BY include
more people in the United States in \ /
townhouses or gated communities by the year

iftcluc (Uj as/included:
Kac
/TVS nas
2020. 3. The company president the applicant

(A) had been lived .(B) lived.. for the accounting manager position at 8 this
(C) will be living '(D) is living morning.
(A) interview (B) interviewed
(C) was interviewing (D) will interview ;/>'
Answers: p. 545 ;
Q£L TAEir vaaa/va/ nhanfm/iaf mm

03 Present /Past /Future Perfect Tens l»— m G\
po
>
2
O The present perfect tense (have/ has + p.p.) is used to express an action that began in the past and continues
up to the present time, or has just been completed at the moment of speaking, it also suggests that a past
action still has an effect upon something at present.
He has served for 5 years on the board of Brown University.
The act of serving began 5 years ago and continues until now, so the present perfect tense is used (has served).
I have already finished my project.
The project was started in the past and has just been completed, so the present perfect tense is used (have
finished).
I have never visited Mexico.
This experience has not taken place from the past to the present time, so the present perfect tense is used (have
never visited).
I have lost my watch.

The incident has happened at some time unknown before the moment of speaking, so the present pefect tense
is used (have lost).
@ The past perfect tense (had + p.p.) is used to indicate that one action occurred and completed before
another action in the past.
When the party finished, my sister had already departed.
The act of the sister's leaving happened before the party ended, so we use the past perfect tense had departed.
© The future perfect tense (will have + p.p.) is used to express an action that will be completed before a
specific point of time in the future.
I will have studied for 5 years by next December.
The act of studying will last 5 years and complete before a specific time in the future (next December), so we use
the future perfect tense (will have studied).
! TOEIC Questions
Decide which of the choices - (A), (B), (C), or 2. By exercising at the gym during lunchlirne. she
(D) - best completes the sentence. could relieve work-related stress that
built up from the morning.
1. This year the car industry many
(A) are , (B:J would . ;
investors because automotive products
(C) Ms...been .(D),had,.i)eeni
now make up 15 percent of the country's
exports. 3. Next fall, Irene employed with this
(A) attract,.. ".•(B) has .attracted-; corporation for over a decade as an advisor to
(C) .attracting (D)n had attracted
the president.
(A) has been {B) is
naa
/r>\ j-
(D) will have been
Answers; p. 545:
www.nhantriviet.com Chapter 06 Tenses - 87

04 Agreement in Ten
® Verbs must agree in tense based on time expressions. Below are some time expressions that are
commonly used.
Past simple tsnsÿ Present simple tense Present perfect tense Future simple and future perfect tenses
j yesterday usually since + a point of time tomorrow
j recently often in the past next + a period of time
i a period of time + ago each month /year in the last /past ~ by/ until + a point of time in the future
j last + a period of time generally over the year as of + a point of time in the future
I in + a point of time in recently by the time + subject + verb (present tense)
' the past when + subject + verb (present tense)
She has started to work for this firm last year.
started
Because last year refers to the past, the past simple tense started is used,
She fattfW English since she moved here.
has taught
With the structure since + subject + verb (past simple tense), the verb in the main clause is in the present perfect
tense (has taught).
She fres-setveel for 14 years by the time she retires.
will have served
**- With the structure by the time + subject + verb (present simple tense), the verb in the main clause is in the future
perfect tense (will have served).
© When the verb in the main clause is in the past simple tense, the verb in the subordinate clause will
be in the past simple or past perfect tense,
Mr. MacKenzie explained that the fiscal report is completod the preceding week.
— was completed
The verb in the main clause is in the past simple tense (explained) and the subordinate clause also mentions a past
event, so the verb in the subordinate clause must be in the past simple tense (was completed).
TOEIC Questions
Decide which of the choices - (A), (B), (C), or (D) 2. Last week, a newspaper columnist an
- best completes the sentence. article that triggered an investigation into the
university's admissions practices.
1. Television viewership slightly since the
advent of the Information Age and the invention (A) writes (B) has written
of the personal computer. (C) wrote (D) have written
(A) drop '
(B) will drop' 3. Management was informed that the shipment

(C) has dropped (D) dropping from the branch office in Paris the
following Thursday.
(A) arriving (B) would arrive
(C) have arrived (D) has arrived
Answers: p. 545
88 - Hackers TOEIC Readina www.nhantrivipt mm

HACKERS PRACTICE
>
30
Choose a correct option for each sentence. cr

i
3D
01 When Martin (reads / read) the contract, he discovered that he had been deceived. Q.
CO
02 William reluctantly (attends /attended) the seminar, but he surprisingly found it very helpful.
03 After returning from vacation, we learned that a storm (had damaged /damages) our house.
04 James (retire/retired) years ago, but he still has stock in his former employer.
05 The reports estimate that earnings (will double/ has doubled) by the end of next year.
06 If you (believe/had believed) that there may be financial wrongdoing, please notify your supervisor.
07 What the new IT specialist knows about data systems (was/will be) useful when the office updates
its computer programs.
08 As soon as the board (makes/will make) its decision, the managers will implement the plan.
09 The Pioneer Fund (has been /is) the company's biggest earner over the past four years.
10 The manufacturing company (needs/is needing) to increase production capacity in order to keep
pace with its competitors.
Choose a correct time expression for each sentence.
11 Mr. Hyland will have served as CEO of the company for ten years (since/by the time) he retires.
12 Jeffery has analyzed stock market figures (in/since) 2000 when he joined a firm on Wall Street.
13 Steven, who previously worked in the sales department, is a manager in the head office (two years
ago/at the moment).
14 The company (once/usually) requires three years of experience for all job applicants.
Answers: p. 546

;/
Q s Time limit: 11 minutes
Part 5
01 The employees iri the accounting division 08 Participants to complete an evaluation
were stunned to learn that three of their co¬ at the conclusion of the photography workshop.
workers that very morning. (A) is asked (B) were asked
(A) had fired (B) will have been fired (C) have asked (D) were asking
(C) had been fired (D) fired
09 Because of the weakening economy this
02 Mr. Keating Rick Chang as officer- year, any purchases in new assets and
in-charge for the duration of his European properties carefully studied over the
business trip last Wednesday. next several months.
(A) designate (B) is designating (A) have (B) have been
(C) has designated (D) designated (C) will have to be (D) will have been
03 When Mr. Arellano and his team 10 To create a more healthy work atmosphere,
the write-up, please have them send it to my Craydon Finance a sports center in
desk immediately. the office facilities two months ago.
(A) will finish (B) would finish (A) building (B) built
(C) finish (D) will have finished (C) has built (D) builds
04 A competent manager opportunities 11 Analysts predict that agricultural

for his employees to improve themselves biotechnology little interest for
professionally. investors because of the opposition to
(A) created (B) create genetically modified products.
(C) creates (D) creating (A) hold (B) held
(C) will hold (D) have held
05 Until the beginning of this year, the amuse¬
ment park not attracting many 12 If you any problems with your new
visitors. word processing software, check the handbook
(A) has (B) was first before consulting our technical support.
(C) is (D) being (A) had experienced (B) experience
(C) were experienced (D) experiencing
06 A new printer for the faculty room
purchased as soon as the requisition slip is 13 Although online brokers usually the
signed. least in commissions, they require you to
(A) will be (B) would be do your own research instead of giving you
(C) had been (D) has been advice.
(A) charging (B) charges
07 In the past ten years, the number of Americans (C) charge (D) are charging
using 90 percent of their disposable income to
pay off credit card debts by 30 14 Ever since Mr. Smith head of the
percent. town's community center, he has been
(A) has been rising (B) will have risen holding at least two meetings per week.
(C) was rising (D) has risen (A) was elected (B) will elect
...
(C) is electing (D) had elected
90 Hackers TOEIC Reading www.nhantriviet.com

15 The supervisor thinks that the factory's produc¬ 18 By the time the two new large printers are CD
3-
i
po
tion capacity by the end of the year, installed, demand for the popular publication CD.
03
provided a new group of full-time workers is hired. twofold. ST
Q.
Cft
(A) will double (B) has doubled (A) has increased (B) had increased
(C) had doubled (D) been doubled (C) been increased (D) will have increased
16 Recently, those in managerial positions 19 Although there a concerted effort by

in more seminars and lectures on positive the company to increase its market share, the
leadership and motivation for employees. results have been disappointing.
(A) were participated (A) has been (B) are
(B) are to be participating (C) were (D) will be
(C) have been participating
20 Mr. Benson said that the maid never
(D) will have been participating
to clean his quarters the whole time he
17 The two law firms more clients now that stayed at the hotel.
they have joined forces on their goal to provide (A) comes (B) came
affordable legal advice. (C) come (D) coming
(A) receives (B) receiving
(C) are receiving (D) were received
Part 6
Pamela Bailey
1001 Briggs Road, Suite 280
Mt. Laurel, NJ 08054
Dear Ms. Bailey,
I am pleased to inform you that your application for the position of managerial assistant has been
accepted. On behalf of Bio-Meds Pharmaceutical Company, I would like to congratulate you. As
mentioned in the description, you will be providing support to management, supervisory
21 .(A) -operating -.(B) promise
-;
--(C) career ÿ
= (D) job
- ;
-
*
: :
-
and professional staff. Your main duties will be scheduling appointments and events, transmitting
information and following up on projects conducted by the staff. During your three-month trial
period, you will be trained by Nelson Meade, whom you during your interview. Should you
2f..(A);meet;v;*:;v' - -
(B) met
would have met (D) will meet;;/
the position, you will start on February 20. We hope to hear from you before February 17
23 (A) accepted (B) accepting
\ (G) acceptance . (D) accept '
and look forward to working with you.

Sincerely yours,
Rita Carson
Human Resources Department
Answers: p. 546

ctive Voice, Passi
Basic Points
The active voice is used to emphasize the agent or performer of an ac¬

tion. The passive voice is used to emphasize the receiver of an action,
not the agent who performs it. The structure of the passive voice is be
(conjugated) + past participle (p.p.).
Active voice I designed this building.
Passive voice This building was designed by me.
In the first sentence, the subject I is the performer of the action design. So, the active
voice is used.
In the second sentence, the subject This building receives the action design. So, the
passive voice is used.
Forms of the active voice Simple tenses be + V-ing have + p.p. j

i (Progressive tenses) (Perfect tenses) |
j Forms of the passive voice be + p.p. be being + p.p. have been + p.p. t
i (Progressive tenses) (Perfect tenses) |
To form a passive sentence, the object of the active sentence will be¬
come the subject of the passive sentence. Then, the verb in the active
sentence will be changed into the past participle after adding the verb
be which must agree with the new subject and the tense of the verb in
the active sentence.
Active voice Carol cooked dinner.

Subject Verb (active) Obiect
Passive voice Dinner was cooked by Carol.

Subject Verb (passive) by + agent
Only transitive verbs can be used in the passive voice; intransitive verbs
cannot because they do not have direct objects.
We were arrived in Prague. (X)

We arrived in Prague. (O)
Arrive is an intransitive verb; thus, it cannot be used in the passive voice.
Some intransitive verbs that are frequently found in the TOEIC test include take place,
rise, occur, and consist. Remember that these verbs cannot be used in the passive voice.
92 - Hackers TOEIC Reading www nhantrivipt rnm

01 Identifying Active / Passive Sentenc I a
s
An active sentence includes an object following a transitive verb, while a passive sentence does >
not have an object (except the verb in the sentence is ditransitive).
CT
The assistant is used the computer. i
uses
Q_
>» The verb use is a transitive verb and followed by the object the computer. Hence, the verb must be in the
CO
active voice (uses).
A new machine will install.
be installed
The transitive verb install needs an object, but there is no object here. So, the verb must be in the pas¬
sive voice (be installed).
# Verbs in to- infinitive phrases and relative clauses can be put in the active or passive voice
based on whether they have a direct object or not.
The tenant is supposed to be paid the rent on July 1.
to pay
»- Because there is an object (the rent) in the to-infinitive phrase, the verb in this to-infinitive phrase must be
in the active voice (to pay).

The draft was supposed to discttss in the workshop.
to be discussed
Because there is no object in the to-infinitive phrase, the verb in this to-infinitive phrase must be in the
passive voice (to be discussed).
A famous author who is written children's fairy tales is signing autographs today.
writes
Because there is an object (children's fairy tales) in the relative clause, the verb in this relative clause must
be in the active voice (writes).
We have received all of the items that fet in the files.
are listed
Because there is no object in the relative clause, the verb in this relative clause must be in the passive
voice (are listed).
TOEIC Questions
Decide which of the choices - (A). (B): (C), 2. the mailing of the package, you will need
or (D) - best completes the sentence. to add five dollars more to the shipping fee.
'(A);;To; expedite ""•V":
1. The e-mail addresses and telephone
(C) . To. Be. expedited (D) Will expedite
numbers should be carefully in
the blanks provided. 3. You must fill out the tax form, a copy of which
(A) written (B) write is to the contractual agreement you
(C) wrote (D) writing received on the first day.
(A) attach (B) attachment
ÿ(C) attaching (D) attached
Answers: p. $46
Hackers Skiil Remember that if there is an object after a transitive verb, the sentence is in the ac¬
tive voice. On the contrary if there is no object, the sentence is in the passive voice.
www.nhantriviet.com Chapter 07 Active Voice, Passive Voice - 93

02 Passive Voice of Ve Sentence Stru
O Transitive verbs in sentence structure 4 have two objects. Either of these objects can become
the subject in the passive sentence, depending on the focus.
Active voice She gave her sister the car.
Passive voice
Indirect object becomes the subject Her sister was given the car.
Direct object becomes the subject The car was given to her sister.
When the indirect object her sister becomes the subject in the passive sentence, the direct object the car
follows the passive verb. When the direct object the car becomes the subject in the passive sentence, the
preposition to is added before the indirect object her sister.
f> Transitive verbs in sentence structure 5 have an object and an object complement. In the pas¬
sive sentence, the object complement is placed after the passive verb.
When the object complement is a noun phrase:
Active voice Victoria considered him a genius.
Passive voice He was considered a genius by Victoria.
The object him becomes the subject He in the passive sentence; the object complement a genius re¬
mains after the passive verb was considered. Do not mistake a genius as the object and conclude that
this is an incorrect passive sentence.
When the object complement is a to-infinitive phrase:
Active voice He asked me to send a stamped envelope.
Passive voice | was asked to send a stamped envelope.
The object me becomes the subject I in the passive sentence, and the object complement to send ~
remains after the passive verb was asked.
TOEIC Questions
Decide which of the choices - (A). (Bi. (C). or 2. Though somewhat new at making presentations,
(D) - best completes the sentence. Paul Blakely is the best public speaker
1. Ray Murphy submitted a requisition form of the team.
yesterday to make certain he given (A) consider (B) to consider
a projector for today's presentation. (C) considering (D) considered
(A) has (B) have 3. The research team to make back-up
(C) is (D) are files of all their work to prevent loss of valuable
data.
(A) reminded (B) was reminded
(C) will remind (D) was reminding
Answers: p. 546
OA _ i-isrharc TAClf" Po-srlin/f r* K rÿrrh/l .of- rr\rr\

fijriM i ass ces i K3® slaw
>
s
O For perception verbs, also called verbs of perception, the active voice is used if the subject
itself causes the feelings, and the passive voice is used if the subject has or receives the
feelings.
Positive feelings nterest excite amuse please

fascinate encourage satisfy
Negative feelings disappoint discourage dissatisfy depress

tire trouble
Shock, confusion bewilder frustrate shock surprise
The results of the negotiations were pieaseti- both of the attending parties.
pleased
The subject The results brings about the feeling of pleasure, so the active voice is used (pleased).
I am pleasing to hear that you are feeling better.

am pieased
»- The subject I receives the feeling of pleasure, so the passive voice is used (am pleased).
The regional director was dfssattsffed the workers by refusing to give salary raises.
dissatisfied
-a- The subject The regional director brings about the feeling of dissatisfaction, so the active voice is used
(dissatisfied).
The workers dissatisfy with management's handling of the situation.

are dissatisfied
>- The subject The workers receives the feeling of dissatisfaction, so the passive voice is used (are
dissatisfied).
The news was surprised the man. Ci

surprised -33
The subject The news brings about the feeling of surprise, so the active voice is used (surprised).
The man swpmed by the news.
was surprised
*»- The subject The man receives the feeling of surprise, so the passive voice is used (was surprised).
TOEIC Questions
Decide which of the choices - (A), (B), (C), or 2. When he took up cooking. Jerry Porter was
(D) - best completes the sentence, 10 learn how easy it was to make
inexpensive, great-tasting meals.
1. Young businessmen who set up venture
companies should guard against being
. |A) fasetfiate 'v. ÿ-
-(Bÿfasdmt-ihg/
during the first year of operations.
(Cf being fascinated (D) fascinated
(A)::disappofrst .(B). disappointed-

'
;
-7 . - 3. The manager her staff with news of
an upcoming bonus if sales figures reached
company goals by the end of the quarter.
(A) encourage . (B) wss BncoufSQ&ci
:
: (C) encouraging (D) encouraged v ,
;
'•
Answers:- p.ÿ54§

04 Expressions of the Passive Forr 1
O Expressions with verbs in sentence structure 3 + prepositions
be amused at be surprised at be worried about
be pleased with be alarmed at be concerned about/over
be delighted with be astonished at be bored with
be satisfied with be frightened at be tired of
be gratified with be shocked at be ashamed of
be disappointed at be divided into be convinced of
be interested in be absorbed in be equipped with
be involved in be indulged in be covered with
be engaged in be devoted to be crowded with
be associated with be dedicated to be based on
be related to be skilled in be exposed to
This hotel room is equipped with luxurious baths and tiles.

The strength of the alloy is closely related to the quality of the ore.
© Expressions with verbs in sentence structure 5 + to- infinitive phrases

be asked to be required to be allowed to
be requested to be urged to be permitted to
be told to be advised to be prepared to
be reminded to be warned to be supposed to
be encouraged to be intended to be scheduled to
be invited to be expected to
The project managers are required to fill in forms and get them signed.
Employees are reminded to use office e-mail only for business purposes.
TOEIC Questions
Decide which of the choices - (A), (B), (C), or (D) 2. As a member of our office, you are invited
- best completes the sentence. the annual charity auction.
1. The accounting team is to providing (A) attending (B) to attend
accurate billing statements and resolving all (C) attends (D) attend
customer enquiries within twenty-four hours. 3. We are truly with the positive
(A) dedicating (B) dedicated consumer response to our new marketing
(C) dedicate (D) dedication strategy.
(A) delight (B) delighting
(C) delighted (D) delightedly
Answers: p. 54®
96 - Hackers TOEIC Reading www,nhantrivietcom

HACKERS PRACTICE CI

ZO
CD
03
01 Judy (implied / was implied) that she was treated unfairly by management recently.
CO
=t
e
o
&
02 Sales (expect/are expected) to decrease as a result of the recession.
03 The budget director (rejected /was rejected) the plan to cut back on spending.
04 The business owner was (frustrating/frustrated) by the lack of adequate capital to make investments.
05 Artists (have painted/ have been painted) a large mural on a wall in the conference hall.
06 The plans for the merger (will take/will be taken) at least a month to evaluate.
07 Jason was (exciting /excited) to learn that he was being considered for a promotion.
08 Employee motivation is closely relating to the success of a company.
09 The building will be undergoing renovation for the next three weeks.
10 A proposal for a partnership offered to an Italian firm last week.
11 This product made for busy working mothers who need help in the kitchen.
12 All assembly line workers are advised wearing protective eyewear and gloves while working.
13 A lifelong honorary membership in the firm has granted to the retired CEO.
14 The company is dedicated to its goal of introducing products that are modern, functional, and
affordable.
Answers: p, 546
www.nhantrsvietxorn Chapter 07 Active Voice, Passive Voice - 97

n
- )Time limit: 11 minute
Part 5
01 A replacement for the outgoing advertising 08 The manager is to announce that
manager has not yet been , but the Morgan & Co. will be giving stock options to all
possibilities have been narrowed down to five interested employees.
applicants. (A) please (B) pleased
(A) chose (B) choice (C) pleasant (D) pleasing
(C) chosen (D) choose
09 After today's planning session is completed,
02 Each year, Gibbins Foods, a local food the members of each group will be
manufacturer, five thousand cans of a report of their team's objectives for the next
vegetables to the city's homeless shelters. three years.
(A) donates (B) to donate (A) generation (B) generate
(C) donating (D) are donated (C) generated (D) generating
03 The contract stipulates that an employee is 10 We would like you by our assistant
to do overtime during weeks that manager who will give you a tour of the
presentations or special reports are being company's offices and facilities.
prepared. (A) escorting (B) to escort
(A) requirement (B) requires (C) to be escorted (D) escort
(C) required (D) requisition
11 Harwood Department Store will be
04 The campaigns that assigned to the later this weekend to allow our shoppers to
broadcasting division have been scrapped take advantage of our end-of-season clearance
due to lack of support. sale.
(A) having (B) were (A) close (B) closes
(C) be (D) had (C) to close (D) closing
05 The announcement in the newsletter is 12 To meet the special needs of our branches
meant to Mr. Meyer's remarks on in Asia, a total of twenty-four trained staff will
the merger between the two communications to Japan, Hong Kong, and Thailand.
firms. (A) send (B) be sent
(A) clarified (B) be clarified (C) be sending (D) have sent
(C) clarification (D) clarify
13 Membership at the exclusive sports club
06 No matter what the brand, computers pur¬ benefits ranging from the use of all
chased at this shop will be free sports equipment to discounted rates at the
of charge for a full year from the date of club's restaurant and bar.
purchase. (A) includes (B) to include
...........
(A) service (B) servicing (C) have included (D) including
(C) to service (D) serviced
14 The introduction of the specially trained conflict
07 First-class seats are with Internet resolution advisors _ to reduce tension
hook-ups, global telephones and faxing between management and frustrated employees,
capabilities for all of your airborne professional (A) expected
needs. (B) is expected
(A) equip (B) equipment (C) has been expecting
(C) equipped (D) equipping (D) will have been expecting

15 If the director that the top candidate 18 Participants in the seminar were to ZD
2.
was still a consultant for Master Lines, Inc., he make hotel reservations by the date indicated ED
ST
could have given others greater priority. on the list of hotels. Q.
C/3
(A) tell (B) telling (A) advisable (B) advisory

(C) had told (D) had been told (C) advising (D) advised
16 the machine's continued operation, 19 Before structural renovations take place, all
a thorough check by maintenance personnel businesses must the building as
should take place bimonthly. indicated in the official notice issued last
(A) To be ensure
(C) Will ensure
(B) To ensure
(D) Ensured
month.
(A) vacant (B) vacancy
1
(C) vacate (D) be vacated
17 The winners of the logo contest are to
be at the dinner this evening, which will begin 20 Access to the computer terminals
at 8:00 p.m. at the International Plaza Hotel's during evening hours, so it is necessary for
Blue Room. us to finish the work during the day.
(A) plan (B) plans (A) restrict (B) to restrict
(C) planning (D) planned (C) is restricted (D) has restricted
Part 6
Date: March 3
To: All Personnel
From: Matthew Sparks, Administrative Office
Subject: Vehicle Maintenance
Now that the winter season is nearly over, all company cars must in for necessary
'
; . ... 21(A) be turned *
(B) to turn
(C) turn :- (D).turning.'
maintenance and repairs. Icy road conditions and freezing temperatures result in greater wear on
the cars' tires, engines, cooling systems and transmissions. Although sales personnel use their
cars more often, other staff are also required to check their .. .
:'v 22::ÿAJiVetitelesv receipts -V":/;';
ÿ
ÿ
'
V;: ' :
/•
'
(C):pMjeots ; -.' (D) purchases-"':?ÿ
This week, all employees to bring their automobiles in to any of the automotive centers
23 (A) encouraging (B) is encouraging
-
v.:re:-/::-p):eneouraged> -ÿ-ÿv;>'ÿD):-:are:encouragect ;*
that the company recommends. Thank you.

Answers: p. 546

Subiunctiv
Basic Points
The subjunctive is used to express a hypothetical situation, which means

a situation that is contrary to the fact in the present or in the past. It is
also used to express a situation that is unlikely to happen in the future.
If I were rich, 1 would travel the world.

If I had been rich, I would have led a very different life.
The first sentence implies a situation contrary to the present fact. It can be inferred that
this person is not rich, so he/she cannot travel the world.
The second sentence implies a situation contrary to the fact in the past. It can be under¬
stood that this person was not rich, so his/her life was not good then.
The subjunctive is used in if-clauses with special tenses.

If I won a million dollars, I would faint.
This is a situation contrary to the present fact. The past simple tense (won) is used in the
if-clause, and the past form of the modal verb going with the bare infinitive of the main
verb (would faint) is used in the main clause.
If I had won the lottery, I would have sent many poor teenagers to college.
This is a situation contrary to the fact in the past. The past perfect tense (had won) is
used in the if-clause, and the past form of the modal verb going with the perfect form of
the main verb (would have sent) is used in the main clause.
It is important to distinguish between real conditional sentences and

possible future conditions starting with if.
If you experience any difficulties, please contact one of our customer service staff.
If I have a midday break tomorrow, we will meet up for a lunch.
These conditional sentences are used to express that the action in the main clause can
only take place in case a certain condition in the if-clause is fulfilled.
100 - Hackers TOEIC Reading www nhantrivipt mm

Future/ Past/ Past Perfect /Mixed Subjunctive O
>
The verb forms in the if-clause and the main clause of the future /past/past perfect subjunct¬
ive are as follows:
Future subjunctive if + subject ÿshould +'ba® 'inflrrtfiye;--sabject

!
Expressing a situation that will 30
CD
&
wili /can /may/should + bare infinitive be unlikely to happen in the CD
CL
CO
future 5
o
&
Pasi subjunctive If + subject + verb in past simple tense (be becomes Expressing a situation contrary
were regardless of what the subject is), subject + to a fact in the present
wouid: could, might should -f
IVis! perfnnt if + subject + had p.p., subject + would /could/ Expressing a situation contrary j
subjunctive might/should + have p.p. to a fact in the past j
If rain should come today, we will move the party indoors.

If computers were cheap, I would buy ten of them for my home.
If Nancy had come, Jeff might have turned down the invitation.
In the mixed subjunctive, the time relation between the if-clause and main clause is different.
ÿ
If + subject + had p.p., subject + would + bare infinitive ;
'IMC! pas' per fee! subjunc.ivo in the n-clause relers to a situation oonira'y to ;.i iact in ;he past, and
Ine pas', subjunctive ir. the main clause implies a situation cont/ary to a iact in rhe present.
If I had asked for time off last month, I would be on vacation now.
The past perfect subjunctive had asked in the if-clause refers to the situation contrary to the fact in the past.
The past subjunctive would be in the main clause implies the situation contrary to the fact in the present.
TOEIC Questions
Decide which of the choices - (A). (B). (C). or (D) 2. If personal income taxes had been iowered.
- best completes the sentence. the national economy much more
quickly.
1. If measures had not been taken to reduce
company expenses, the added costs would (A) recovered
by the customers. ÿBj has recovei ed
(A) 3SSUIT10
(C) would have recovered
(P,\ hp\/p hppn PQQjjmpri (D) has been recovered
JI laVC UCC' 1 GO OUi i Ivu
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3. If the client had come on time, these

us assumina negotiations completed by now.
(A) would be (B) would have been
'(Cf'WQUlcln't/hayejtieeO'ÿDÿwouldÿnptljeÿ \*,\v
ÿ .;V: /toswersrpv §46;
www nhantrivipf rom Chapter 08 Subjunctives - 101

es
O if-clauses can be replaced by the inversion structure.

Futuiu subjunc'.ivo If + subject + should + bare infinitive, subject + will/can/may/should + bare infinitive
> Should + subject + bare infinitive, subject + will/can/may/should + bare infinitive
Past subjunctive If + subject + were + noun /'adjective, etc.. subject + would/could/might/should + bare
when ÿ.
main verb in Hit; ;> Were + subject + noun /adjective, etc., subject + would /could /might/ should + bare
:f clause is were) nfinitive
Past perfect ll + ; .; had p.p.. : ' + would- could /might/ shouid + have p.p.
subjunctive "Had-- ÿ
- p.o.. -r would.- could/might/should + have p.p.
If Arnold shour1 call, he can come at any time.

<=> Should Arnold call, he can come at any time.
If Brad and I were not friends, I would be interested in dating him.
<=> Were Brad and I not friends, I would be interested in dating him.
if he had worked harder, he would have gotten the promotion.
ÿ=> Had he worked harder, he would have gotten the promotion.
® If-clauses can also be replaced by the structure without + noun /object pronoun.
. Past subjunctive wouid/could/might/shouid
-i i- : .. i- without . :..-i
pronoun (= if it were not for + noun /object pronoun)
i'riii! perfect subjurclive .

wouio /could/ might 'shouid + nave o.o.
-s- without +ÿ
ÿ
i ÿÿ
(= if it had not been for + noun /object pronoun)
I couldn't do it without you.

I could never have done it without you.
....... ........ ÿ ÿ
. . . ..• ... , . ; -
Decide which of the choices - (A). (B). (C). or 2. Had the team submitted the report on
(D) - best completes the sentence. schedule, the manager to postpone
the meeting of the Board of Directors.
1. Had the contract we might
earlier,
(A) did not have (B) would not be had
have been able to discuss the conditions and
(C) would not had (D) would not have had
make a decision before the weekend.
(A) deliver (B) delivered 3. your rental application be denied, the
jÿggp cieiivsred ÿ0) dslivÿrÿci owner of the apartment will refund the cost of
processing the application.
v/-\ ) PnrilH /R
L) J Fl
(L\ ÿ f*
w OljsL* \ Ls U
(C) May (D) -Should

Answers: p. 546
i Trsrir- n_ % nI V
HACKERS PRACTICE O
TO
>
s
Choose a correct option for each sentence. cr

ÿ
ZD
CD
a
01 If it had not been for inflation, Jamie would (save /have saved) more money. CD
Q.
c/>
5
o
c
02 The team (can/could) never have done such a good job without Steve's input.
03 If I had filled out the application on time, I would (be /have been) working there now.
04 Kelly would not (take /have taken) the job if she had known about the other offer.
05 But for the dedicated efforts of our staff, the business (will/would) have crumbled under the
competition.
06 If people (used /have used) public transportation more, the air would be less polluted.
07 Had the flight been cancelled, we would (miss /have missed) the meeting.
Correct the underlined parts in the following sentences.
08 If Joseph applied for the job, he would have been hired.
09 If it were not for its loyal employees, the company is not where it is today.
10 If Jack asked the workers politely to work overtime, they would have at least considered it.
11 Had the client called about the problem, it will be solved immediately by the representative.
12 If Erin bought that house, she would have put herself into deep debt.
13 If she has finished her work this week, she would have gone shopping with us.
14 Our public relations department shall have been more prepared to handle the press' questions.
Answers: p. 546
www.nhantriviet.com Chapter 08 Subjunctives - 103

i \ a r> \/ r n
U K t h D ! t ij I ( '-.';Time limit: 11 minutes
Part 5
01 If customers were unhappy with the quality of 08 Without the health clubs in the city, amenities
a product, the store it or provide a such as weight machines and separate
refund. saunas for men and women .
(A) would exchange (B) exchange (A) cannot be provided
(C) have exchanged (D) will exchange (B) could not have been provided
(C) were not provided
02 Had we that Mr. Robbins had a case (D) were not providing
pending in criminal court, we would never
have hired him for the job. 09 The recurring problem of unheated rooms
(A) been known (B) knew would if the owner had responded to
(C) know (D) known the tenants' initial complaints.
(A) have been elimination
03 The company never have won (B) had been eliminated
the account without the support of the (C) have been eliminated
very talented copywriters in the advertising (D) have been eliminating
division.
(A) would (B) need 10 Had the president that an important
(C) must (D) can client was waiting, he would have asked him
to wait in his office.
04 If all members of our staff were consistently (A) been informed (B) be informed
productive, it is likely that our output (C) informed (D) inform
greater.
(A) have been (B) would be 11 Had the director been out of the country, his
(C) been (D) be assistant charge of ongoing projects
during that time.
05 The reductions in the budget will have serious (A) had taken (B) could have taken
implications if the projects in the next (C) were taking (D) will have taken
quarter.
(A) will be executed (B) executes 12 If the plans made sooner, Gilbert &
(C) are executed (D) will execute Sons would be conducting the feasibility study
for the Safeway Water Project by now.
06 If insolvency laws do not change and (A) were being (B) was being
continue to favor creditors, many small-scale (C) had been (D) have been
companies bankrupt.
(A) have gone (B) will go 13 If the error had not been reported immediately,
(C) went (D) goes the customer his order until after the
Christmas season had ended.
07 The supervisor commented that the manual (A) would not have received
could better had the company hired (B) would not receive
an editor to go over the material before it was (C) did not receive
printed. (D) would not be received
(A) organize (B) be organized
(C) have organized (D) have been organized 14 Had their systems been protected with a reliable
anti-virus program, subscribers no
problems with their computers now.
(A) will have (B) have
(C) would have (D) had
104 - Hackers TOEIC Readlna www.nhantrivipt.rom

15 If it had riot been for a tip from my stock¬ 18 If preparations had been made for the cr
i
33
broker, I thousands of dollars in presentation, it much easier to sell
doomed stocks. the proposal.
CO
(A) was lost (B) have lost (A) would be (B) has been
(C) would lose (D) would have lost (C) had been (D) would have been
16 the machine parts arrived promptly, 19 The original documents would not have ma-
we would have been able to finish assembling terialized continued efforts from our
the machine in time for its first run. ever dedicated and thorough research team.
(A) Have (B) Had (A) so as (B) as to
(C) Should (D) Were (C) in that (D) if it had not been for
17 A world-renowned economist that 20 Had estimated figures been more accurate,

except for the euro, currencies around the strategists would a better financial
world will continue to devalue. plan to tackle the budget deficit.
(A) is predicted (B) predict (A) create (B) be creating
(C) predicts (D) predicting (C) have created (D) had been created
Part 6
Dear Mr. Elwood,
This is in regard to your question about utility payments. A Direct Transfer system will automatically
subtract payments for utility bills from your bank account. you make a utility payment using
21 (A) Did (B) Would
(C) Should (D) Have
this system, the amount withdrawn to pay for the bill will be listed on your bank statement for the
next month.
This service is provided free for all employees of Kirkwood Manufacturers. However, if you wish to
cancel it, you will need to submit an official request. The request form is available at your company's
administrative office. It must be signed an administrative supervisor and mailed in to us.
22 (A) by (B) to
(C) at (D) for
If you have other questions, please call a customer service at (925) 555-3429. Representatives are
available from 9 a.m. to 5 p.m. , you may contact us by e-mail at
23 (A) Accordingly
(C) Technically
support@directtransfer.com.
Answers: p. 547
www.nhantriviet.com Chapter 08 Subjunctives ~ 105

106 www.nhantrivietcom
Verbals
Chapter 09 - To-infinitives
Chapter 10 - Gerunds
Chapter 11 - Participles
iSfSlJaIhhIÿbhvb
liliaUMIal
ÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿ
Basic Points
Verbals are words formed from a verb, functioning as different parts of

speech. They are sometimes called non-finite verbs. Verbals include to-
infinitives, gerunds, and participles.
A to-infinitive is a verbal functioning as a noun, an adjective, or an adverb

in a sentence.
I to like apples. (X)

I like to travel abroad. (O)
I want something to eat. (O)
I work to make money. (O)
As you can see, to like in the first example cannot function as a main verb; to travel
functions as a noun because it is the object of the verb like; to eat functions as an
adjective modifying the object something; and to make functions as an adverb
modifying the verb work.
Like a verb, a to-infinitive can be followed by its object or a

complement, or modified by an adverb.
I want to learn magic.

I want to be a magician.
I need to exercise regularly.
To learn has the object magic; to be is completed by the complement a magician; and
to exercise is modified by the adverb regularly.
108 Mÿrkwc. TOFIf Rparlinn www rihantrh/iot rnm

01 Forms of To-infinitives and Their Subjec
D A to-infinitive is formed by to + bare infinitive.

Use this telephone line to- communication with the main office.
for communicate
to communicate
Only to + bare infinitive is the correct form,
CD
@ The passive form of a to-infinitive is to be + p.p. Its progressive form is to be + V-ing. Its perfect s-
form is to have + p.p.
I really didn't like to be told what to do.
>- The person does not want other people to tell him/her what to do. Hence, the passive form to be told is
used.
I observed that the students appeared to be cheating during long exams.
a- The progressive tense can be used to imply a complaint. Hence, the progressive form to be cheating is
used.
It is nice ic have vinisned the work.
The person has finished the work before expressing his/her opinion about it. Hence, the perfect form to
have finished is used.
© The structure for + noun /object pronoun is used to mention the performer or the subject of
to-infinitives.
His parents' goal was for Rob to become a doctor.
The subject of the to-infinitive is Rob.
In order for us to do a good job, we must have more time.
9- The subject of the to-infinitive is we, which is changed into the object pronoun us when placed after the
preposition for.
TOEiC Questions
Decide which of the choices - (A), (B), (C), or 2. Now that the new branch has opened, the
(D) - best completes the sentence. company can use this opportunity to
business in Latin America.
1. Mr. Cummings, who is leading the new (A) wAwCll i_2 \ oYrÿQOfiinn
AYnflnnIvJ i l O.AL/Q.S lUil i\-j
project, would like all the team members to
fOl exoanded IVC CAL»C
come together brainstorm ideas
about marketing strategies. 3. The landlord will shut off the heating system
/A) fnr fR) f n
in the entire building determine why
some floors are not being properly heated.
Answers: p. 547
Hackers Skill to + noun or for + bare infinitive cannot replace the correct form to + Dare infinitive.
www.nhantriviet.com Chapter 09 To-infinitives - 109

O To-infinitives can function as nouns, adjectives, or adverbs.
Just like nouns, to-infinitives can come in the position of a subject, an object, or a complement.
Subject To observe is one way of learning new things.
Object You need to call a service technician.
Subject complement The goal of the meeting is to reach a decision.
Object complement Janice helped Craig to write the report.
Just like adjectives, to-infinitives can modify nouns.
Modifying a noun He has a letter to type.
Just like adverbs, to-infinitives can modify verbs by showing purposes, reasons, results, etc.
Purpose I am writing to inquire whether more funds are available.
Reason I am pleased to grant Betty a promotion to vice president.
Result He called the center only to find out the tickets had sold out.
The underlined parts are the focus of the to-infinitives. These parts are frequently tested in TOEIC.
Verbs cannot come in the position of a to-infinitive.

You promised look over my report!
to look over
This sentence already has a main verb (promised), so there cannot be another verb but a to-infinitive (to
look over) coming in the position of the object.
The memo indicated a need for the factory enta-nee its efficiency.
to enhance
This sentence already has a main verb (indicated), so there cannot be another verb but a to-infinitive (to
enhance) that functions as an adjective modifying the noun need.
TOEIC Questions
Decide which of the choices - (A), (B), (C), or 2. The purpose of the program is
(D) - best completes the sentence. museum staff with the know-how and feedback
to set priorities and identify areas for change.
1. The firm temporarily closed one of its
(A) provide (B) provided
branch offices operating expenses.
(C) provision (D) to provide
(A) will reduce (B) reduces
3. The Dogwood Company is pleased
that you can now purchase seeds and all your
gardening needs directly from their website.
(A) to announce (B) announcement
(C) announced (D) be announcing
Answers: p. 547
110 - Hackers TOFIf Rparlinn \a/\a/w nhsntrh/iof

03 Verbs/ Nouns /Adjectives Followed by 1
o Verbs followed by a to-infinitive
Verb + object (to-infinitive)
CD
yo
want to need to wish to hope to desire to expect to >
plan to aim to decide to propose to offer to ask to
promise to agree to refuse to fail to serve to pretend to
afford to manage to prefer to
3-
Verb + object complement (to-infinitive) i
want + object + to need + object + to expect + object + to invite + object + to ask + object + to ;
j encourage + object + to persuade + object + to convince + object + to cause + object + to require + object + toj
1 force + object + to compel + object + to get + object + to tell + object + to allow + object + to j
I permit + object + to enable + object + to forbid + object + to remind + object + to warn + object + to
| advise + object + to : /'./l
Verb + complement (tc-infinitive)
remain to seem to appear to
Management wants to reorganize the marketing division.

Their commitment to quality enabled the company to win the contract.
How well this plan will work remains to be seen.
# Nouns followed by a to-infinitive

ability to authority to capacity to chance to claim to
decision to effort to need to opportunity to plan to
readiness to right to time to way to wish to
Chefs should have the ability to create different dishes.
© Adjectives followed by a to- infinitive

be able to be ready to be willing to be likely to
be eager to be anxious to be pleased to be delighted to
be easy to be difficult to be good to be dangerous to
Jody should be able to work well with the new employee.
TOEIC Questions
Decide which of the choices - (A), (B). (C), or Please take time the names on this
(D) - best completes the sentence. invitation list and feel free to add anyone
whom we might have missed.
1. Having failed a consensus,
(A) review (B) be reviewed
the manager asked that the decision be
(C) to review (D) reviewing
postponed.
(A) creating (B) created The CEO believes that the staff will be able
(C) to creating (D) to create on the Albers Project once the staff
evaluations are completed.
(A) concentrate (B) concentrating
(C) to concentration (D) to concentrate
Answers: p. 547

04 Bare Infinitives as Object Complemen
In the following structures, bare infinitives are used in place of to-infinitives and come in the pos¬
ition of an object complement.
9 Causative verb (make/ let/ have) + object + bare infinitive

Mrs. Banks let us M take the day off.
>- To is omitted in the structure let somebody do something.
# help (+ object) + bare infinitive/to-infinitive

Vince helped Carol (to) complete the assignment.
Company retreats help (to) strengthen employee relationships.
Both a bare infinitive and a to-infinitive can come in the position of the object complement or the object
of the verb help.
# Perception verb (hear/ see / watch / notice) + object + bare infinitive/ present participle
I saw her cross the road.
I saw her crossing the road.
Both a bare infinitive and a present participle can follow the object of perception verbs, but the present
participle is used to emphasize that the action is in progress.
TOEIC Questions
Decide which of the choices - (A), (B), (C), or 2, The general manager will have his assistant
(D) - best completes the sentence. the proceedings of the meeting and
prepare a report for senior management.
1. The training program offered by the company
)ea
can help your future work options.
(A) broad (B) oroadGn
(C) broader (D) broadly 3. Employees who want to do volunteer work
sponsored by the company are to let their
supervisors before the end of the
week.
(A) know (B) to know
(C) known (D) knowing
Answers: p. 547
112 Hackers TOEIC Reading www.nharitriviet.com

HACKERS PRACTICE
Choose a correct option for each sentence. O
>
01 The CEO will be happy (win/to win) a vote of confidence from the board.
CD
cr
02 It is possible to (custom/customize) this program if it does not suit you. C/3
03 The ability (type /to type) quickly and accurately is a valuable skill.
04 Darren let problems in his personal life (to influence/influence) his performance at work.
05 Your presence at the administrative office is required for the wage claim (proceed /to proceed).
06 Sonia arranged to have the package (deliver/ delivered) to the office overnight.
07 Your suggestion will enable us (improving/to improve) the quality of our products.
3-
cu
n
Decide whether each of the sentences below is correct or incorrect. If it is correct, write S
—H
"correct"; if it is incorrect, point out the mistake(s) and provide (a) correction(s). S
o
ZJO
CO
Cu
08 The employee had no right signing for the shipment brought to the office Saturday. i7
09 The accountants want to be warned when the IRS is coming to visit.
10 The head office must send the approval slip for Mr. Reynolds start working with us.
11 The manager will have a study do by the research department.
12 If you want to keep your job, you'd better be willing put in more effort.
13 If you don't have time today, get the assistant to bring the files over to management.
14 There are different ways attract business to areas where unemployment is high.
Answers: p. 547
www.nhantriviet.com Chapter 09 To-inflnitives - 113

P; ;Time limit: 11 minutes
Part 5
01 Mr. Coulter designated a room for archive 08 Customer complaints show that there may be
storage in order the loss or damage a need for Net Manage the present
of important documents. quality assurance and monitoring systems.
(A) to curtail (B) to be curtailed (A) enhance (B) to enhance
(C) curtailed (D) curtailment (C) enhancing (D) to enhancing
02 Customers who need lengthy 09 The building owner has a policy of letting
documents over the Internet should have their lessees to unoccupied units if they
network connection configured to optimize are dissatisfied with their present unit.
large data transfers. (A) to move (B) be moving
(A) receive (B) to receive (C) move (D) to be moved
(C) receiving (D) reception
10 As a still-life photographer, Mr. Bryant aims to
03 It was important the presentation a particular mood when he snaps the
before giving it to the over two hundred shutter.
business school graauates in the audience. (A) capture (B) captured
(A) rehearse (B) rehearsal (C) capturing (D) have captured
(C) to rehearse (D) rehearsed
11 We called the mall out whether the
04 The problem is that nobody in the office products were sold out.
has the authority make a decision (A) finding (B) for finding
regarding her employment status. (C) to find (D) find
(A) for (B) with
(C) to (D) as 12 The candidate promised to
prescription drug prices by as much as 30
05 Mr. Rosenberg had his secretary out percent if voted into office.
copies of the agenda to each of the members (A) low (B) lower
of the Board of Directors. (C) lowering (D) having lowered
(A) is mailing (B) mail
(C) mailed (D) to mail 13 It is necessary all factory employees
to sign out the tools they use and return them
06 Some customers prefer a minimum at the end of the workday.
balance in their checking accounts rather (A) for (B) further
than pay monthly fees. (C) because (D) these
(A) to maintain (B) is maintaining
(C) maintained (D) maintain 14 If a client is not utterly satisfied with an ad
campaign, we will return to the drawing board
07 How the public will react to the soft drink's again.
new formula remains seen. (A) starting (B) for starting
(A) to be (B) being (C) to start (D) start
(C) have been (D) been
11A . Mark-ore THFIf* RoaHinn www nhantriviAf mm

15 Three people from the research department 18 For further help the program, please O
>
have been asked to investigate ways refer to the instructions on our website or S
non-taxable imported goods into the country. e-mail us with your specific question.
(A) bring (B) of bring (A) install (B) to install
CT
(C) to bring (D) bringing (C) installed (D) be installed 03
16 With the prices of natural gas and other 19 The projects committee advised the proposal
energy sources increasing, utility companies writer to the project beneficiaries in
are now encouraging people energy. order to determine their real needs.
(A) conserve (B) conserved (A) talk (B) talking
(C) to conserve (D) for conserving (C) talked (D) to talk
17 All the employees are ready the new 20 Several new waiters and salespeople were
project. hired the influx of customers during
(A) implementing (B) to implement the long holiday season.
(C) implement (D) implemented (A) to handle (B) handling
(C) to be handling (D) to be handled
Part 6
Edward Mitchell
1505 Main Street
Fairfax, VA 20151
Dear Mr. Mitchell,
I am pleased your application for full-time employment as a marketing manager for the
21 (A) confirm (B) confirming
(C) be confirmed (D) to confirm
Bloom & Bloom Accounting Group was accepted. We are that your knowledge, skills and
22 (A) confide (B) confident
........
(C) to confide (D) confidence
experience will be valuable to our firm. You will report directly to Mr. Sanders, who will instruct you
of your specific responsibilities during your probation period. If you have any questions regarding
our offer, please contact us Otherwise, please sign every page of the enclosed contract
23 (A) similarly (B) favorably
(C) immediately (D) basically
and return it to us by business-reply envelope on or before January 20. Thank you, and we look
forward to seeing you at the orientation on January 23 at 9:00 a.m.
Sincerely yours,
Melissa Hayes
Human Resources Department
Answers: p. 547

Chapter 1
Gerui:
mmm.
Basic Points
A gerund is formed by adding the suffix -ing to a bare infinitive. How¬

ever, not all words ending in -ing are gerunds. A gerund can be used
as a noun in a sentence.
She cleaning the house every day. (X)

I hate cleaning. (O)
The gerund cleaning cannot come in the position of a main verb, but it is a noun
coming in the position of the object.
A gerund is a verbal, so it can be followed by its object or a complement,

or modified by an adverb.
I like plsying baseball.

Becoming a doctor is not easy.
Eating slowly is a good habit.
As you can see, playing has the object baseball; becoming stands before the
complement a doctor; and eating is modified by the adverb slowly.

01 Functions, Forms of Gerunds and Their Subjects
O Grammatically, gerunds can function as a noun coming in the position of a subject, an object,
or a complement.
Subject Providing a loan will allow the bank to collect interest.
Object of a verb Stan enjoys playing golf. s
>
Object of a preposition The director aims at reducing corporate debt.
Complement John's hobby is listening to music. CD
5
Q3
The underlined parts are the focus of the gerunds. These parts are often tested in TOEIC.
# Verbs cannot come in the position of a gerund.

Sarah is thinking about btty a car.
buying
»ÿ
The verb buy cannot come in the position of the object of the preposition about.
# The passive form of a gerund is being + p.p. Its perfect form is having + p.p.
Karen loves being looked at in her new dress.
»>- Karen loves people to look at her in her new dress. Hence, the passive form of the gerund is used (being
looked),
He denied having lied.

The act of lying happened before the act of denying. Hence, the perfect form of the gerund is used (having
»ÿ-
lied). :r
£u
O In case the subject /performer of a gerund is mentioned, a possessive case of a noun or a O
pronoun is put in front of this gerund.

I don't mind John's going with us.
The subject of the gerund going is John's.
His going with us is out of the question.

The subject of the gerund going is His.
TOEIC Questions
Decide which of the choices - (A). (B). (C). or 2. Department heads distributed a memo
(D) - best completes the sentence. reminding employees to refrain from
their cell phones during company meetings.
1. regular donations to local charities
(A) to use using
from business profits is not only personally
(C) uses (D) use
rewarding, but is good for developing a
reputation. 3. The chef obtains interesting and different
-(A)-. Give
(C) Giving
- (B) Gives
(D) Given
results with this dish by the
ingredients he uses in the recipe.
(A) vary (B) .varying
(G) varied (D) varli
Answers: p.:5'§7-
www.nhantriviet.com Chapter 10 Gerunds - 117

02 Verbs Followed by a Gerund
o Below are some verbs followed by a gerund as their object.

enjoy V-ing avoid V-ing consider V-ing
suggest V-ing recommend V-ing discontinue V-ing
finish V-ing quit V-ing mind V-ing
give up V-ing postpone V-ing
dislike V-ing deny V-ing
Russ will consider to work for a new company.

working
The verb consider must be followed by a gerund (working), not a to-infinitive.
@ Some verbs take either a gerund or a to-infinitive as their object.

There are some verbs followed by either a gerund or a to-infinitive; however, the meanings are
unchanged.
Jane has just begun learned to drive.
learning/to learn
verb begin may be followed by a gerund or a to-infinitive, and there is no difference in meaning.
Other verbs include like, love, prefer, hate, start, intend, attempt, continue, etc.
Some verbs are followed by either a gerund or a to-infinitive and the meanings change.
I remembered canceling that order.
I remembered to cancel that order.
I forgot turning off the light.
I forgot to turn off the light.
*-ÿ
For the verbs remember, forget, regret, there are differences in meaning between gerunds and to-infini-
tives coming in the position of their objects. Gerunds are used to express actions which happened in the
past and to-infinitives are used to express purposes or actions in the future.
I
Decide which of the choices - (A), (B), (C), or 2. It would be wise of you to consider
(D) - best completes the sentence. with your firm, as the job market is tough right
now.
1. The small appliance manufacturer has
recently begun into the consumer (A) renegotiate (B) renegotiated
electronics industry. (C) to renegotiate (D) renegotiating
:(A) expandv : \ .
(BÿexfMRdM:;..- 3. Do not forget the application form
= (C) .expanding .. .- .,/ÿ. -expanded"; before submitting it to Ms. Radowick at the
front desk.
(A).,signing
(C) to.sign.:- ....
. .(B). sign
(D). signed - , ÿ;...
Answers: pv 541»
-

03 Gerunds vs. Nouns
O A gerund can be followed by an object, but a noun cannot.

The chain was successful in establishment a new store.
establishing
The noun establishment cannot take an object. Here, the gerund establishing must be used.
# There is no indefinite article before a gerund while there may be an indefinite article before a
singular count noun.
The bank has experienced a marked increasing in deposits in recent weeks.
increase
** A gerund cannot follow an indefinite article; thus, the noun increase must be used.
# Sometimes there are differences in meaning between a gerund and a similar noun.
; advertising - advertisement covering - coverage funding - fund
: housing - house mailing mÿi!
ÿÿÿ
marketing - market
meaning means
ÿ
processing - process seating - seat

spending spend
ÿ
staffing - staff ticketing - ticket
For proper process, submit all documents completely and accurately.

processing
The noun process means a series of actions to achieve a result. The gerund processing means dealing
with /managing. Based on the meaning of the sentence, the gerund processing must be used.
After the phone lines went down, the company decided to seek out other meaning of communica¬
tion with clients. means
The noun means is equivalent to a method/way of doing something while the gerund meaning means
expressing/describing. Hence, the noun means must be used.
TOE1C Questions
Decide which of the choices - (A), (B), (C), or 2. The frozen dinner company is utilizing
(D) - best completes the sentence. consumer on nutrition to formulate
wholesome menus for its products.
1. By paperwork, the Stamford
(A) research-v |B) ;.to- research
Company is able to more efficiently
ÿ
.'(C) researching. ;(D) researched;

accomplish routine tasks.
reduce- v; vPliFeduced; 3. The team met for three hours to discuss
-ÿÿreducing: :;(0|;=r6tJuotior strategies for the midmarket needs
of small to medium-sized businesses.
(A) address (B) to address
(C) addressing (D) addressed-
Aoswefs:;;p.;-.§47:}

s
Below are some common expressions with gerunds.

go V-ing be busy (in) V-ing
on V-ing be worth V-ing
it's no use V-ing keep (on) V-ing
spend + time/ money + V-ing feel like V-ing
have difficulty/ troubie/a problem (in) V-ing cannot help V-ing
We will be busy editing this article.

The company will have trouble carrying out its plans.
The preposition to + gerund

contribute to V-ing be committed to V-ing
look forward to V-ing be dedicated to V-ing
object to V-ing be dcvoled to V-ing
locjrl io V-ing be jserl to V-ing
1 look forward to your joining the company.

The company is committed to providing the best possible service.
TOEIC Questions
Decide which of the choices - (A). (B). (C). or 2. The overseas branches have had many
(D) - best completes the sentence. difficulties in the main branch's
system to their local operations.
1. Mr. Gray looks forward to out more
iA) adapt (ÿ) adapts
about investment opportunities with your
IC\ flHpnfiar!
vÿ-7 aaapieu
('PA ariantinn
i-Jj adapting
growing company.
ia r
(/A)'• Tinn
f i '
/ r* \
'
H Tinoinn 3. Although the employees are satisfied with the
ha\/P fni inri ffU ho Fm inrl training program, they object to to
travel an hour each way to get to the training
center and back.
Answers: p. 547
120 - Hackers TOEIC Readina www nhanfriwiot mm

HACKERS PRACTICE
Choose a correct option for each sentence. o

>
s
01 Daniel is used to (work/working) under deadlines and in high-pressure situations. >
<
CD
T
cr
02 Ian forgot (to give/giving) sufficient notice about his resignation to his employers. E.
CO
03 Be careful to use appropriate (word /wording) when writing up the contract.
04 Sheila decided to keep (working/to work) through most of her pregnancy.
05 Studies have shown that a positive environment can significantly improve worker (effectiveness/ i
4§Sli
effecting).
06 The project contributed to (raise/ raising) environmental awareness.
07 Shoppers cannot help (to wonder/ wondering) why the prices at the department store are so high.
n:
DJ
CD
tn
Decide whether each of the sentences below is correct or incorrect. If it is correct, write I?
r-s
"correct"; if it is incorrect, point out the mistake(s) and provide (a) correction(s). %
QJ
g_
3
UO
08 Paul's job is take care of a request from his supervisor.
09 I would like you to prepare for your first day by reviewing company policies.
10 Many people cannot afford the cost of obtain medical care without health insurance.
11 It would be best to avoid to talk on the phone during work hours.
12 While he's an expert in buying stocks, he's not good at know when to sell.
13 I would prefer to have my salary wired to my account directly each month.
14 Her impressive volunteering record proves that Jessica is dedicated to help others in need.
Answers: p. 547

Part 5
01 Age-related changes can contribute to one's 08 The cosmetics division is considering
having problems soundly. a product line for men, which will probably
(A) sleep (B) sleeps include facial creams and concealers.
(C) slept (D) sleeping (A) introduce (B) introducing
(C) to introduce (D) introduced
02 The government's report found that CIZMO
Group had failed to take the necessary steps 09 The managers involved with the negotiations
in the building's cash vault. are pleased with the progress of the talks
(A) secured (B) was secured and believe that they will reach a mutually
(C) securing (D) has secured beneficial
(A) to conclude (B) concluded
03 Despite more employees for the (C) concluding (D) conclusion
factory, the production manager still believes
the facility is understaffed. 10 The recent cuts in budget appropriations were
(A) hired (B) have hired aimed at the company's year-end
(C) having hired (D) were hired deficit.
(A) reduce (B) reduced
04 Because demand for sharp-toed boots has (C) reducing (D) reduction
been decreasing, Martinique Shoemakers has
decided to discontinue this particular 11 Shopping websites can continue to
style. shoppers by ensuring product quality, offering
(A) made (B) making low prices, and being user-friendly.
(C) make (D) to make (A) attractive (B) attract
(C) attracting (D) attraction
05 The department is committed to
customers with a satisfactory resolution to 12 Rather than go at the local super¬
their complaints. markets, residents of the town are urged to
(A) provision (B) providing buy produce straight from the farms.
(C) provides (D) provided (A) to shop (B) shopping
(C) for shopping (D) to shopping
06 Please indicate your desire to renew your
membership with our club within ten days of 13 your business card to individuals you
this notice. meet will allow you to advertise your business
(A) received (B) receipt in an inexpensive and effective way.
(C) receive (D) receiving (A) Hand (B) Hands
(C) Handed (D) Handing
07 The factory supervisor equipment
and machinery through a second-hand dealer 14 I am calling to get some information on
who sells slightly used items at bargain the 15th International Symposium on
prices. Mobile Radio Communications in September.
(A) to purchase (B) purchase (A) to attend (B) attending
(C) purchasing (D) purchases (C) attended (D) attendance

15 A demonstration of the most recent PDA 18 The promotion advisor, Mr. Dorsey, enjoys
model will place in the conference with potential clients during the open
room on the third floor before it goes on sale. house days held once a month.
(A) take (B) be taken (A) talk (B) talked
(C) be taking (D) have taken (C) talking (D) to talk
16 By May, the weather should become warm 19 City developers will begin the park¬
enough to permit in the cellar or ing lot into a luxury shopping center after the
basement for longer periods of time. summer ends.
(A) stay (B) to stay (A) convert (B) converting
(C) staying (D) stayed (C) to converting (D) converted
17 the difficult bar exam, he spent most 20 In an atmosphere conducive to

of his waking moments reading reference studying, the library has painted the walls a
materials at the library. color that is easy on the eyes of the students.
(A) For passing (B) To pass (A) establish (B) establishing
(C) By passing (D) On passing (C) established (D) establishment
Part 6
Date: February 10
From: tharris@comdev.com
To: ebryant@comdev.com
Subject: News on Thai branch
I have just arrived at headquarters following my visit to our new office in Thailand. The branch
has conducted training for management and staff, focusing on new customer service and project
implementation.
However, the office communication problems between its foreign staff and local managers.
21 (A) had experienced (B) will experience
(C) experienced (D) is experiencing
The problem does not involve language; rather, it has to do with cultural differences in work style. I
recommend our training program to include sessions that would make employee relocation
22 (A) upgrade (B) upgrading
(C) to upgrade (D) upgraded
run more smoothly. These sessions would to improving relations between local and
23 (A) prohibit (B) contribute
(C) develop (D) increase
international employees.
I have attached a report with further information and would like to know your thoughts regarding the
Thai office when you have time.
Answers: p. 548
www.nhantrsviet.corn Chapter 10 Gerunds - 123

Basic Points
A participle is a verbal, sharing in part the characteristics of both a verb

and an adjective. However, it only functions as an adjective in a sen¬
tence. There are present participles (verb + -ing) and past participles
(verb + -ed and irregular past participles).
I broken heart. (X)

The man was dying of a broken heart. (O)
They removed all the marble blocks broken into several pieces. (0)
The participle broken cannot function as a verb. It modifies the noun heart or the noun
phrase the marble blocks. So it functions as an adjective,
A participle shares the characteristics of a verb. Therefore, there may

be an object or a complement after a participle, or a participle may be
modified by an adverb.
There were a lot of people enjoying the nice weather.
The car repaired yesterday is working well.
The present participle enjoying has the object the nice weather, and the past participle
repaired is modified by the adverb yesterday.
However, when a participle is used to modify a noun, there must be no object, comple¬
ment, or adverb between them.
The repaired yesterday car is working wel I. (X)
124 - Hackers TOEIC Reading www nharttrivter mm

01 Functions of Participle
O Participles can function as an adjective.
Just like an adjective, a participle can modify its preceding or following noun.
G)
zo
Modifying a following noun As a result of increasing demand, we are in a position to raise prices. >
Modifying a preceding noun The staff members (who were) expected to attend didn't turn up. 1
The underlined parts are the focus of the participles. These parts are often tested in TOEIC. -
CD
Just like an adjective, a participle can come in the position of a subject complement or an object 1
complement.
Subject complement The task seems challenging.
Object complement Mr. Dover keeps his partners motivated.
i> Verbs cannot come in the position of a participle.

She could have been a lead actress.
leading
The verb lead cannot modify the noun actress. Hence, the participle leading functioning as an adjective
must be used.
The candidate Wre last week turned down the position.

hired
-a- The verb hire cannot modify the noun candidate. Hence, the participle hired functioning as an adjective
must be used.
TOEIC Questions
Decide which of the choices - (A), (B), (C), or 2. Photo-Ops is a bimonthly publication
(D) - best completes the sentence. by an organization of amateur photographers
devoted to their avocation.
1. Because flu is a public concern,
(A) distributes (B) distributed
pharmaceutical companies have been
(C) are distributed (D) will distribute
marketing a variety of medications.
r&\ grow (B) grew 3. The resort keeps its patrons by
growth (D) growing offering numerous services that ensure their
comfort and well-being.
(A) satisfy (B) satisfies
(C) satisfied (D) satisfaction
Answers: p. 548
www.ii ha ntriviet.co m Chapter 11 Participles - 125

02 Participial Phrase
I
0 Participial phrases can function as adverb clauses of time, reason, condition, entailment, etc.
Time Having failed the job interview, I returned to university.
= After I had failed the job interview
Reason Feeling confident, Susan asked for a raise.
= Because she felt confident
Condition Marketed cleverly, the game will be very popular.
= If it is marketed cleverly
Entailment The supermarket added a foreign foods section, including items from Southeast Asia.
= and if included items from Southeast Asia
ÿ>- The underlined parts are the focus of the participial phrases. These parts are often tested in TOEIC.
Verbs and nouns cannot come in the position of participles in participial phrases.
Surprise by the sudden drop in the value of the stock, the investor immediately sold his shares.
Surprised
The verb Surprise cannot come in the position of the participle Surprised.
When application for a transfer, explain your situation fully.

applying
The noun application cannot come after the conjunction when. Hence, the participle applying must be
used.
© To express events that happen simultaneously, the structure with + object + participle is used.
Mrs. Sedrick walked by with papers falling out of her briefcase.
TOEIC Questions
Decide which of the choices - (A), (B), (C), or 2. Once , both corporations will examine
(D) - best completes the sentence. what alternatives are available for the affiliates
they separately own.
1. completed the initial write-up of the
study, the researcher submitted the draft to (A) -merged - :1
(B) merge V , :
her supervisor for feedback. (C) ar& merged'*.. ÿÿ':.::..,.:{D)/haveÿmerged>:;;ÿ;: >

f AY- Had
'
: /RV Hm/inn 3. After carefully
'
the holes in security,

ÿ
irw i iau iu| i laviuu
experts agreed that passwords should be

changed once a month.
Answers: p. 548;
126 Harkprs TOPIC Rpariinn www nbantriwiof mm

03 Present Participles vs. Past Participle
O Present participles are used when they have an active relation with the nouns they modify. In
contrast, past participles are used if the relation is passive.
We have seen a proposal recommending us to change company regulations.
Because the relation between the participle and the noun a proposal is active, we use the present parti¬ 2
>
ciple recommending, which means a proposal that recommends us.
The discount offer is not valid on tickets purchased on the Internet.

<- Because the relation between the participle and the noun tickets is passive, we use the past participle
purchased, which means tickets that are purchased.
© When a participle comes in the position of a subject complement or an object complement,

a present participle is used if the relation between the subject or object and the participle is
active, and a past participle is used if the relation is passive.
The game became exciting.
*• The relation between the subject The game and its complement is active, so the present participle
exciting is used. Exciting here is also called the present participial adjective, which is used to describe
the people or things that cause a certain feeling to somebody.
The writer made the executive summary polished.
This sentence can be understood as The executive summary was polished by the writer. The relation
between the object the executive summary and its complement is passive. Hence, the past participle
polished is used.
® To combine two clauses having the same subject, use a present participial phrase when the
subject and the participle have an active relation, and use a past participial phrase when the
relation is passive.
You must read the terms of the contract carefully before signing the agreement.
The subject You does the act of signing, so it and the participle have an active relation. Thus, the present
participle signing is used.
Enclosed within the office compound, the restaurant is frequented by employees.
«- The subject the restaurant cannot enclose the office compound, so it and the participle have a passive
relation. Thus, the past participle enclosed is used.
TOEIC Questions
Decide which of the choices - (A), (8), (C), or 2. Mr. Sanders has decided to take on the
(D) - best completes the sentence. position at Barker Technologies because the
work seems
1. The receipts attached to the travel report
(A) interest (B) interests
indicate the total amount for the trip
(C) interesting (D) interested
to the overseas branch.
\h) pay (fo) pay; 3. in the downtown area, the information
(C) paid (D) paying center for expatriates provides various types
of assistance and serves as a meeting place
for young adults.
Answers: p. 548
www.nhantriviet.com Chapter 11 Participles - 127

04 Confusing Expressions
II Present participle + noun
during his opening remarks
maintenance of existing equipment
my missing luggage
leave a lasting impression on the school system
a leading commercial company 1
The presiding officer will emcee the seminar, t
the most promising member of the team i
improving techniques ;
cf, improved techniques I

The interviewer met with the promised candidate to ask him about his long-term goals.
promising
»- The present participle promising means potential.
Past participle + noun

the preferred means of transportation ÿ
i
the proposed plan of rebuilding j
a(n) quallfied/sktlled/experieneed programmer i
a designated parking area j
request a reserved parking space
view the detailed product information |
without written consent j
in limited warranty j
limited items j
newly purchased computer hardware ;
heavy demand for customized products j
an increase in the price of finished products (
the superior quality of the handcrafted pieces -

!
repeated dismissal from the firm {
explain in the attached j
responsible for the darr . tems j
The trainer asked his experiencing assistant to help the participants.
experienced
The past participle experienced means trained/skilled/qualified,
TOEIC Questions
Decide which of the choices - (A), (B), (C), or (D) - 2. The new company regulation states that
best completes the sentence. tardiness will be grounds for
suspension from work without pay.
1. For over three hundred years, cork has been the
means to cap wine bottles, but manufac¬ (A) repeating (B) repeats
turers are now looking into metal screw caps. (C) repeated (D) repeatedly
(A) preferred (B) preferring 3. The small shop recently won an award for
(C) preference (D) preferably the originality and outstanding quality of
its pieces.
(A) handcraft (B) handcrafts
(C) handcrafted (D) handcrafting
Answers: p. 548
128 - Hackers TOtIC Reading www.nhantriviet.com

HACKERS PRACTICE

>
S
01 When (reserved /reserving) banquet space at this hotel, you must pay a deposit.
02 We must make a (lasting/lasted) impression on our clients to maintain long-term relations with them.
03 Please have this signed and stamped by the date (writing/written) on this form.
04 Mr. Donaldson received an invitation (welcoming / welcomed) him to the wedding reception.
05 Rain poured relentlessly, (dampened/dampening) the company picnic.
06 Applicants (interesting/interested) in the early decision program should apply by September 1.
07 This is just a reminder to keep your doors (locked/locking) at night for safety.
08 We decided to try a restaurant served raw seafood and other dishes.
09 The proposed plan was acceptable to all members of the committee.
10 Felt lucky, Charles decided to ask his boss for a raise.
11 The bank will send the depositor an update statement of transactions.
12 Every day after eating lunch, Kate takes a short walk around the block.
13 Please include payment in the reply envelope providing in your catalogue.
14 We have searched everywhere for the missed reports, but they are yet to be found.
Answers: p. 548
www.nhantriviet.com Chapter 11 Participles - 129

r\
ri ;Time limit: 11 minute
Part 5
01 The hotel provides personal service and 08 From the moment he comes up with a
careful attention to detail, that you concept, it usually takes Mr. Barnes a week
have a relaxing and comfortable stay. to produce the product.
(A) be ensured (B) ensure (A) finished (B) finishing
(C) ensures (D) ensuring (C) finish (D) finishes
02 An invoice will be generated and included 09 The corporation head, who a large
with the order being to the address city orphanage, will establish a non-profit
you indicated on the form. computer learning center for the
(A) send (B) sent underprivileged.
(C) sending (D) sends (A) foundation (B) founded
(C) found (D) founding
03 in 2010, the gallery continues to add
new exhibition rooms. 10 The number of employees to work
(A) Renovate (B) Renovated at foreign branches in Asia and Europe will
(C) Having renovated (D) Renovating probably continue to increase.
(A) agree (B) agreeing
04 The editor spoke to his assistant about how (C) agreed (D) agreement
to keep the writers to write lively and
interesting articles. 11 Even though the business trip was
(A) have inspiration (B) be inspired a lot of headway was made with our future
(C) inspired (D) inspiring Swiss partner.
(A) tire (B) tired
05 Net Connect furnishes its clients with (C) tiring (D) tiredness
networking solutions, ranging from file
and printer sharing to group calendar and 12 If the front door is locked, punch in your
scheduling. access code while down the green
(A) customize (B) customizes button on the door handle.
(C) customized (D) customizing (A) hold (B) holds
(C) held (D) holding
06 In his ten years at Sortel Networks, Mr.
Gutierrez has shown that he performs 13 Facilities have been established to facilitate
admirably when with tight deadlines. pick-ups and drop-offs for passengers
(A) face (B) facing the train and subway stations.
(C) faces (D) faced (A) used (B) using
(C) use (D) will use
07 Readers find the young writer's first novel
despite the fact that the initial 14 The symposium's event is the Peace
reviews of the book were so dismal. Ball, where delegates can meet members of
(A) fascinate (B) fascination the community.
(C) fascinating (D) fascinated (A) culminate (B) culmination
(C) culminating (D) culminated

15 Misuse or neglect can result in the equipment 18 Employees are expected to use the newly O
damaged, requiring parts replacement reference materials to expand their >

s
or extensive repair. knowledge of computer software and their >
(A) was (B) been applications.
CD
(C) having (D) being (A) purchased (B) purchasing O"
£L
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(C) purchases (D) purchase
16 Due to a significant change in the nation's
tax laws, we are likely to see 19 The stadium was packed with thousands of
investments by foreign individuals. people waiting to see the two soccer teams
(A) decrease (B) to decrease
(C) decreases (D) decreased (A) playing (B) played
(C) to play (D) are playing
17 Mr. Morris and I are excluding the section
by Ms. Wood because her 20 The state government has decided to
conclusion was based on outdated introduce a program targeting unemployed
information. men and women to re-enter a highly
(A) be written (B) writing competitive job market.
(C) was written (D) written (A) are trying (B) try
(C) trying (D) will try
Part 6
Alex Colby
705 Penndel Boulevard
Mills WY 82644
Dear Mr. Colby,
Thank you for choosing Jaipur Travel Package Tours, your doorway into the fascinating country of
India. The package you have selected is an eight-day, seven-night tour five Indian cities
21 (A) to cover (B) covered
(C) cover (D) covering.
and several of the country's top tourist attractions. We will make all the necessary reservations for
your tour. Your flight to New Delhi is scheduled to at 3:20 p.m. on May 31 . We ask that
22 (A) keep (B) depart
(C) reach (D) postpone
you our office in Evanston at least one week before your flight so that you can finish any
23 (A) visited (B) visit
(C) will visit - (D) to visit
remaining paperwork before we finalize the reservations and timetable. Thank you and I look forward
to meeting with you.
Sincerely yours,
Marilou Eaglin
Travel Representative
Jaipur TPT
Answers: p. 548
www.rihantrivietcom Chapter 11 Participles - 131

132 . www rihanfrivipf mm
Parts of Speech
Chapter 12 - Nouns
Chapter 13 - Pronouns
Chapter 14 - Adjectives
Chapter 15 - Adverbs
Chapter 16 - Prepositions
Ifjÿ ÿ
MiMl
Basic Points
A noun is a word used to name a person, place, thing, or an idea.

teacher cat coffee rain math dream Korea
Nouns are divided into count nouns and non-count nouns.
Count nouns include:

Common nouns (referring to a
person or thing in a general sense) manager, typist, ticket, letter, etc.
® Collective nouns (naming a group
of people or things) family, people, team, committee, etc.

Non-count nouns include:
Proper nouns Seoul, Hong Kong, Tom, Christmas, etc.
Abstract nouns love, anger, peace, loyalty, faith, information,
education, etc.
Mass nouns paper, water, wood, glass, oil, etc.
Nouns are usually accompanied by determiners (articles, quantifiers,

possessive /demonstrative adjectives).
© Article
We need a car for several weeks.
I decided to sell the car.
In the first sentence, the indefinite article a is used before the noun car because it is
singular and unidentified, in the second sentence, the definite article the is used before
the noun car because both the speaker and the listener have known which car it is.
Generally, the indefinite article a/an is used before an unidentified singular noun, and
the definite article the is used before an identified noun.
® Quantifier
Some cars on the list are not available in Korea.
(D Possessive / Demonstrative adjective

Mike parked his car two blocks from the bank.
I bought this car last year.
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Positions of Nouns -• » C",
_
, f I -.ÿ f. / «. -ÿ« !<ÿ'-
' t'- t.l I-ÿÿ/J .....
. ; ' . ,
In a sentence, nouns can come in the position of the subject, object, or complement.
>
5
Subject Customer satisfaction must be considered.
Object of a verb The library will be accepting donations of used textbooks.
Object of a preposition Suncorp moved to its new office last year. -O
Complement Having a strong corporate culture is an advantage for the company.

It was a great disappointment that an agreement was not reached.
I
<'£ Nouns are usually found after an article, an adjective /a participle, a possessive adjective/
case, a preposition, or another noun.
Article + noun the features of the dishwasher
. .. . . .
jiple + noun offer a lot of practical information
-ÿ>.."*0,. . .-.vctive/case + (adjective +} noun would like to express his disappointment
Latzer's second edition is more useful than the old one.
. . ind noun meet the production schedule
W Verbs, adjectives, and adverbs cannot come in the position of a noun.

Tax incentives can be used to encourage invest in small businesses.
investment
Only the noun investment can be the object of the to-infinitive to encourage.
They generally have lots of information regarding their industrial.

industry
Only the noun industry can be the object of the preposition regarding.
TOEIC Questions
Decide which of the choices - (A), (B), (C), or 2. The feasibility study which was postponed a
(D) - best completes the sentence. few months ago is expected to resume in time
for the New Projects Committee's
1. I'd like to delay the of the copy
(A) evaluated (B) evaluation
machine until we can move the old one into
(C) evaluator (D) evaluates
the basement.
(A) delivered (B) deliver 3. Prescription service and the purchase of
(C) deliverable (D) delivery medication over the Internet are provided at
great to sickly and aging patients.
(A) convened (B) convenient
(C) conveniently (D) convenience
Answers: p. 548
www.nhantriviet.com Chapter 12 Nouns 135

1
Count nouns are usually preceded by the article a/an/the or may be used in the plural form.
On the contrary, non-count nouns cannot follow the article a/an and cannot be used in the
plural form.
I need ehair without arms.
a chair/chairs
Chair is a count noun, so it must be in the form of a chair or chairs.
We need a-f umiture / f umitwee to fill the room.

furniture
Furniture is a non-count noun, so it cannot be in the form of a furniture or furnitures.
ÿ
<§ Below are some confusing count nouns and -count nouns because of their similar meanings.
">x\ nci-iPS;- - nour.? OouiTf nc-jr-? - :v;-:>co.. ni .";ou:v-;

: an account - accounting (a lender - lending j
| an advertisement - advertising:;ÿ:.'ÿ;;/:; o a letter - mail :
| clothes - clothing ; a permit - permission I
J a fund - funding
furnishings:- furniture
a process, procedures - processing
a seat - seating j
! goods - merchandise a ticket - ticketing
TOEIC Questions
Decide which of the choices - (A). (B). fC). or 2. Many of the policyholders of National'
fD) - best completes the sentence. Insurance receive ten percent for
cars or houses covered in their contracts.
1. With so many producis io choose from.
consumers demand a high of
customer scrvice when choosing which
company to support. 3. We became one of the most recognized digital
camera manufacturers through an
thai both young adults and parents couiri
relate to.
(A)>advertise
'
'• -'(Bj.-adyertisabte';.-
;;r:(C);:adveFfisijigÿ :;;;;;ÿ0)>ad¥erli#rneht;v -o';.
1 Lj-f-l/z-vvr TAClf Dir>a<~lir www.nhantriviPt.rom

03 Determiners and Noun ÿ
O The indefinite article a /an cannot precede plural nouns or non-count nouns but singular nouns
only.
She works for a foreign company.
Another factor contributed to X higher fuel prices. -u
S3
3-
I've got $0 interesting information about the event.
The article a cannot precede the plural noun prices. The article an cannot precede the non-count noun CD
"O
CD
information. CD
The definite article the can precede both a count noun and a non-count noun.
I just bought the book that you recommended.
I bought the works of Shakespeare.
There is no charge to borrow the equipment.
© Quantifiers can precede both count nouns and non-count nouns.

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Singular nouns Plural nouns "V..»
one each (a) few fewer (a) iittie much J fU cil!

every many several less more mios:
both some any
Much financial advisors will charge an hourly rate.

Many
»- Advisors is a plural noun, so the quantifier many is used.
The newest MP3 model boasted several new feature.

features
The quantifier several always precedes a plural noun, so the noun must be in the plural form (features).
TOEIC Questions
Decide which of the choices - (A). (B). (C). or 2. After spending a full year on redesign, our
(D) - best completes the sentence. programmers have developed a program that
1. merchandise returned to the store offers customers several convenient new
after purchase must be checked for flaws or
alterations before being put back on the shelf. (A) to feature (B);feature \* v*
(B) There is
fO) featurina (D) features
(A) An
3, probationary accounting trainee must
undergo six months' instruction before he is
allowed to work in financial systems.
(A) All (B) Much
(0) Each (D) A few
Answers; p. 548
www.n ha ntriviet.com Chapter 12 Nouns - 137

ncrete Nouns uns
O Concrete nouns refer to humans or objects/things that can be perceived by our five senses -
touch, sight, taste, hearing, or smell, e.g. air, salt, etc. Abstract nouns refer to those that we
cannot sense - they have no physical existence, e.g. advice, satisfaction, diligence, etc. Both
concrete and abstract nouns come, of course, in the position of a noun but their meaning will
play a decisive role for the sentence to make sense.
accountant - account, accounting instructor - instruction
applicant, application - appliance interpreter - interpretation
attendant, attendee - attendance journalist - journal
consultant - consultation, consultancy manager - management
occupant - occupancy, occupation manufacturer - manufacture
producer, product - production negotiator - negotiation
analyst - analysis opener - opening
architect - architecture operator - operation
assembler - assembly owner - ownership
authority - authorization participant - participation
beneficiary - benefit president - presidency
consumer - consumption receptionist - reception
contributor - contribution relative - relation
distributor - distribution representative - representation
donor - donation resident - residence
editor - edition rival - rivalry
employee employment
-ÿ
ssi ve* - service

engineer - engineering subscriber - subscription
founder - foundation supervisor - supervision
illustrator - illustration technician - technology
specior — 3SCuO r"i
An architecture carefully studies a site before making a perspective.

architect
The subject in this sentence requires a concrete noun indicating a person (architect), not an abstract
noun (architecture).
The founder of the local art center reflects the city's commitment to artists and culture.
foundation
The subject in this sentence requires an abstract noun (foundation), not a concrete noun indicating a
person (founder).
TOEIC Questions
Decide which of the choices - (A). (B). (Cj. or 2. The chemical company gave local government
(D) - best completes the sentence. officials a report detailing the of its
plant in Westbury.
1. If long-term is a possibility at this
company. 1 would be interested and willing to (A) operative (B) operator
relocate myself to this site. i j o o© 1 3 11o n u) 008 rate
V"-) fc/M Ipfvyot/ 3. it is common practice today for psychologists

tw; Oi : f lUtUVi . iwi !,
to serve as to loy companies in the
design of ioys for children of different ages.
\ j ÿ 1 t o LJ 1 L oi 1 I'-w/ y \ j O v./ 1 1 sU LJ i iCt L 1 w s 1 o
Answers: p. 548
138 - Hackers TOEIC Reading WWW.nhantriviet.com

05 Compound Nouns H
0 A compound noun is a noun that is made up of two or more words. Most compound nouns in O
English are formed by noun + noun.

account number exercise equipment reception desk
application fee expansion project reference letter
application form expiration date registration form &
arrival date feasibility study repair facility CO
TD
CD
assembly line growth rate research program
attendance record housing department retail sales
client satisfaction interest rate retirement celebration
communication skill investment advice retirement luncheon
conference room keynote speaker return policy
confidentiality policy living expenses safety inspection
confirmation number occupancy rate sales representative
construction delay performance appraisal /evaluation security card
enrollment form product information service desk
exchange rate quality requirement weather forecast
Good eemmttftieated skills are essential to the project.

communication
The suffix -(e)s is added to the second noun to form a plural compound noun.
research program
job opening —
—research programs
job openings
The suffix -s cannot be added to the words functioning as an adjective modifying a noun.
two thousands tickets (X) —
two thousand tickets (O)
a four-years-old girl (X) —
a four-year-old girl (O)
TOEIC Questions
Decide which of the choices - (A), (B), (C), or 2. The equipment at the new fitness club
(D) - best completes the sentence. is guaranteed to help men and women achieve
greater muscle tone in just a few weeks.
1. The program is being financed
privately, although the government is looking (A) exercise (B) exercisable
:
into the possibility of supporting the program. (C) exercising (D) exercised
(A) researching (B) researched 3. With nearly two orders placed within
(C) research (D) researches the first day, the manager has decided to add
another work shift to meet product demand.
(A) thousands (B) a thousand
(C) thousand (D) thousands of
Answers: p. 548:
www nhantrivief.com Chapter 12 Nouns - 139

H
0 Below are some common nouns that are derived from the same root but take different
meanings,
coverage cover the amount of media coverage
covering
delivery deliverance the largest global delivery company
entry entrance do riot accept any late entries
identification identity present a form of identification
interests interest the company's best interests
show great interest in alternative energy resources
likelihood likeness reduce the likelihood of system failure
objective objectivity the objective of this program is to help ~
object oojection
percent percentage ten percent on all items
high perce ...
of the budget
permit permission purchase a parking permit
procedure proceeding building security procedures
production product production remains steady
produce demonstrate the highest productivity
productivity
remainder remains throughout the remainder of the week
responsibility responsiveness accept responsibility for belongings left
segment segmentation the fastest growing - '
of the automobile industry
sense sensation have the business
utilization utility the effective utilization of personnel at all levels
— The nouns on the left column are frequently found in TOEIC answer choices.
Pamela Hayes was given the responsiveness of preparing the equipment needed for the
presentation. responsibility
»-ÿThis sentence requires a noun which means duty (responsibility), not showing quick response
(responsiveness).
TOEIC Questions
Decide which of the choices - (A), (B), (C), or Visitors are not allowed to use the back of the
(D) - best completes the sentence. building to park their cars without obtaining a
parking from the attendant.
Any submitted without the
requirements listed in the contest rules will
(A) permit (B) permission . . M.-
automatically be disqualified.
(C) permitting (D) to permit
(A) enter (B) entries Having a good business can help one
(C) entering (D) entrance to plan a career that involves long-term goals
and strategies.
(A) to sense (B) sensing
(C) sensation (D) sense
Answers: p. 548
140 - Hackers TOEIC Readina www nhp.nfm/iaf mm

HACKERS PRACTICE
CI

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01 Laffless Law Firm is highly recommended for its (commit Icommitment) to meeting its clients' needs. -a
CO
02 The manufacturer accepts no (responsibility / responsiveness) for replacement if the product is oo

*o
CD
CD
broken due to misuse.
03 In an effort to meet the encroaching deadline, management has sped up its (producing / production)
schedule.
04 In order to prevent the (likeness/likelihood) of malfunction, computer systems are now equipped to
monitor themselves.
05 The financial (health/healthy) of the company was revived when the new marketing director devised
a clever sales pitch.
06 All products must be removed from the shelves in accordance with the marked (expiring/expiration)
date on each package.
07 Evaluations will be based not only on personal performance but also employee (attendance/attending)
records.
08 The franchise is debating the locate of its new store.
09 Every application was given an official receipt for fees paid.
10 A workshop on the developer of economic relations between the EU and Japan took place in Tokyo.
11 The general manager handles the supervisor of all employees.
12 The frequent business traveling is allowed to enter the airport's exclusive lounge.
13 Although his occupancy was teaching, he dabbled in stock trading.
14 The Power Health Club urges people to discover the beneficiaries of supervised exercise and
treatments.
Answers: p. 549
www.nhantriviet.com Chapter 12 Nouns - 141

HACKERS TEST
Part 5
01 Mr. Cook of the accounting division is under 08 The factory supervisor said that there was
enormous to submit the financial no but to shut down production until
statements by this afternoon. the technicians could repair the defective
(A) pressing (B) pressed machine.
(C) press (D) pressure (A) alternate (B) alternative
(C) alternation (D) alternatively
02 The administrative supervisor will consider
the of his assistant's contract in 09 It is vital to clearly state and define the
light of suspicion regarding his loyalty to the of the project before planning the
company. first stage.
(A) cancel (B) cancelling (A) objective (B) objection
(C) cancelled (D) cancellation (C) objectivity (D) objectionable
03 The report indicated that the company's 10 The for the book cover went through
average annual earnings was much several revisions before it was finally approved
higher than analysts had estimated. by the publisher.
........
...........
(A) grow (B) growing (A) designed (B) designing
(C) growth (D) grown (C) design (D) designer
04 During Henry Ford's time, the of the 11 numbers of former customers were
Model-T was divided into eighty-four distinct maintained in the database for six months as
steps, with each step assigned to a single part of the company's standard procedure.
worker. (A) Account (B) Accounts
(A) assemble (B) assembly (C) Accounting (D) Accountable
(C) assembler (D) assembled
12 For the of today's seminar, we will
05 The manager would like to thank the factory focus on the growing need for interpreters in
workers for the highest the company the global market.
has had in the past twenty years. (A) remain (B) remained
(A) product (B) productivity (C) remaining (D) remainder
(C) productive (D) produce
13 To the surprise of the visitors, the elevator
06 The project implementation committee is door in the old building opened suddenly
staffed by a group with years of while the elevator was still in
experience in the formation of financial (A) moving (B) moved
cooperatives. (C) move (D) motion
(A) dedicated (B) dedication
(C) dedicating (D) dedicate 14 In an effort to improve , we are
installing laser-activated alarms at the front of
07 Unlike fossil fuels, which are expensive and every major entrance.
limited in supply, renewable energy sources (A) secure (B) securely
tend to emit fewer (C) secured (D) security
(A) pollutes (B) polluted
(C) pollution (D) pollutants
14? Harare TflFif RAsHinn \ a f \ a t\ i\ > st It ra jjjrvfr /~/t

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15 Sales of the book The Hours slowed down 18 Each customer is regrettably limited to one >
following the last few of the movie's discount coupon per during the sales ~D
CO
3-
run. promotion.
(A) day (B) a day (A) purchase (B) to purchase CO
-a
(C) days (D) date (C) purchasing (D) purchased
16 It is in the best of the company 19 A personal finance report includes the credit
to comply with environmental regulations status of an individual and is used by the
although this may cut into its profits. to determine whether or not to grant
(A) interests (B) interesting a loan.
(C) interestingly (D) interested (A) lend (B) lent
(C) lender (D) lending
17 If the submitted do not meet federal
requirements, the embassy will be unable to 20 For inquiries on estimated arrival time for
issue a passport. your order, please contact the
(A) photographs (B) photography company by clicking on the following link.
(C) photographers (D) photographic (A) deliver (B) delivery
(C) deliverance (D) deliverable.
Part 6
Questions 21-23 refer to the following announcement.
I would like to take just a few minutes this morning one of our employees. As most of you
21 (A) congratulate (B) congratulation
(C) to congratulate (D) will congratulate
are aware of, the company recently conducted a customer service survey. This survey was unique
in that it is the first time we have used a survey to analyze our customer's needs and satisfaction.
Of all our staff members, Lloyd Robertson received the highest rating from our customers in terms
of service, customer , and courtesy.
In ......... 22 (A) satisfyingly

(C) satisfying
(B) satisfaction
(D) satisfied
of his efforts, he will be receiving a special reward which includes a one-week paid
23 (A) preference
(C) appreciation
(B) agreement
(D) importance
vacation and a return flight for two to Fiji.
Overall, we received very positive feedback from our customers and are very satisfied with
every one's performance,
Answers: p. 549
www.nhantriviet.com Chapter 12 Nouns ~ 143

Chapter 1 3
Pronour
Basic Points
A pronoun is used to replace a noun or a noun phrase to avoid repetition.

It can come in the position of the subject, object, or complement in a
sentence.
I shut my cat in the room, and my cat scratched the door.
— I shut my cat in the room, and it scratched the door.
The pronoun it is used to replace the noun phrase my cat.
In English, pronouns are divided into personal pronouns, possessive pro¬

nouns, reflexive pronouns, demonstrative pronouns, and indefinite pronouns.
@ A personal pronoun (I, you, he, she, they, etc.) is used to refer to a specific person or
thing that has been mentioned.
Helen quit her job because she didn't get along with her co-workers.
The personal pronoun she is used to refer to the proper noun Helen.
© A possessive pronoun is used to substitute a noun phrase that indicates a possession
relation.
My book has lost. Can I borrow yours?
The possessive pronoun yours is used in place of your book.
® A reflexive pronoun is used to emphasize the subject or object of a sentence, or when
the subject and object are the same. Reflexive pronouns are formed by adding the suffix
-self /'-selves to object pronouns or possessive adjectives.
James talks to himself when he works.
If we replace himself with him, it means James talks to another man, not his own self.
@ A demonstrative pronoun (this/these, that/those) points to and identifies humans or
things. When it comes before a noun, it functions as a demonstrative adjective.
I have never seen scenery like this.
This book will be interesting.
This in the first sentence is a demonstrative pronoun, while This in the second sentence is
a demonstrative adjective.
(D An indefinite pronoun (some, any, etc.) refers to humans or things that are not definite
or specific. When it comes before a noun, it functions as an indefinite adjective.
Some of the visitors are single.
Some visitors are single.
Some in the first sentence is an indefinite pronoun, while Some in the second sentence is
an indefinite adjective.
144 - Hackers TOEIC Reading www.n ha ntriviet.com

01 Personal Pronouns, Possessive Pronouns, Possessive Adjectives
r;'J 'SO.";ai pi OiiC'Liil

Person Number Possessive pronoun Possessive p.dieotive >
Subjccl pronoun Cbjoci: pronoun
Singular I me mine my
First our
j ÿ
Plura! we us ours CO
ÿ Second Singular/Plural you you yours your &
j
i
s
he him his his on
Singular she her hers her
I Third it it its
Plural they them theirs their
Subject pronouns come in the position of a subject.

They were given free tickets to the show.
He will go with us to the park as long as we take our bikes.
# Object pronouns can come in the position of the object of a verb or the object of a preposition.
The advisor helped them to understand the legal situation.
Mr. Wilson works with me.
© Possessive pronouns are used to replace the structure possessive adjective + noun. They
can come in the position of the subject, object, or complement in a sentence.
My book is about plants, but hers is about herbs.
0 Possessive adjectives always come before nouns to express possession.

Many people make decisions based on their emotions.
TOEIC Questions
Decide which of the choices - (A), (B), (C), 2. After delivering proposal, Mr. Douglas sat
or (Di - best completes the sentence. with committee advisors to listen to their comments.
1. When the trade negotiators arrived at { A\ ihp
vM/ 163 s 1-4 \
IIS .
the airport, were picked up and YF!\ himself
brought to their hotel. 3. If you experience any problems using the website,
(A) them fR I, thPirQ
U iCU o you may contact at any of the following
(C) their (D) they telephone numbers or send an e-mail to
websiteop@unicom.net.
(A) we (B)
fH\ our
rsi ir
Answers: p. 549
Hackers Skill A possessive adjective always precedes a noun while a possessive pronoun never does.
Many people make decisions based on emotions.
ÿ'
ÿ;
ÿ
ÿ
My book is about plants, but ÿ: is about herbs.
www.n hantriviet.com Chapter 13 Pronouns - 145

02 Reflexive Pronouns
| Singular myself yourself himself herself itself

I Plural ourselves yourselves themselves
Reflexive pronouns are used when the subject and object of a sentence are the same.
Sometimes, Jessica talks to herself, (herself = Jessica)
In this sentence, herself refers to Jessica.
cf. Sometimes, Jessica talks to her. (her Jessica)
«- In this sentence, her refers to someone else.
*
Reflexive pronouns are also used to emphasize the subject or object of a sentence. In this case,
reflexive pronouns are optional and can be omitted.
The manager himself guided the group to the factory.
I didn't have time to read the report myself.
She liked the house itself, but not the location.
I
ÿ
Below are some common expressions with reflexive pronouns.
bv oneself (-• alone = on one's own) I

for oneseif of itself in itself i
She prefers to travel by herself rather than with a tour group.

You should judge for yourself.
| TOEIC Questions
Decide which of the choices - (A), (B), (C), or 2. Chad Reyes's total sales for this year topped
(D) - best completes the sentence. everyone eise's in the entire company, so the
manager gave the top employee award.
1. I have not been able to examine the
(A) him (B) he
statement although it has been on
(C) his (D) himself
my desk for the past two days.
(A) me v(B) myself . 3. Karen got the job by despite rumors
(G) mine-., v ; (D) my '
that she has friends in high places.

:
(A) hesr *v* (B) she
(C) herself: ; (D) hers
Answers: p. 549
Hackers Skiii When the subject and object do not refer to the same person /'thing, an object
pronoun, not a reflexive pronoun, is used.
Members of the Fulbright Council have granted themselves (— them) scholarships.
- Members of the Fulbright Council have granted scholarships to other people, not themselves. Hence, the
object pronoun them is used.
146 - Hackers TOEIC Reading www.nhantrivipt.rnm

03 Demonstrative Pronouns, Demonstrative Adjectives
O The demonstrative pronoun that /those is used to replace a noun that has been mentioned. O
ZX3
>
Mr. Schmidt's performance is far superior to that [of his associates],
I think London's restaurants are better than those [of New York],
The only warranties applying to the vehicle are those [offered by the manufacturer],
&
After the demonstrative pronoun that/those is a modifier (a prepositional phrase, a relative clause, or a
00
participial phrase). -a
SHI
@ The demonstrative pronoun those is used to mean the people who...

Those [who are responsible for this crime] will be severely punished.
Those [interested in joining the discussion] need to register in advance.
I
In these sentences, Those means the people who... They do not replace any nouns before them. A
modifier immediately follows Those.
ss'on need to legist
# This/that/these/those as a demonstrative adjective is used when preceding a noun.

This meeting will be difficult.
Those buildings were built several decades ago.
wre in early childhood r
TOEIC Questions __
Decide which of the choices - (Aj, (B), (Cj, or 2. For hoping to participate in this year's
(D) - best completes the sentence. marathon, an application form has been made
available online to facilitate quick and easy
1. This factory's shoes can be distinguished registration.
from of another factory because of
(A) those (B) who
the spiral imprint on the bottom.
. ... ,{A) ihi.s . V; --1'.-. ..:'(B) .'them \ÿ...'
. (C.) ones . . . (D) them :
. . .. .(G) .that .
:
.{D) those 3. Food prices in general rose nearly 14 percent.
with the price of meat going up by 20 percent
and of vegetables by 5.8 percent.
(A), this .... (B)/that ./
-.' (C.)' these \' '\ ;(D)1ho$e
Answers: p. 549
www.n hantriviet.com Chapter 13 Pronouns - 147

04 Indefinite Pronouns/Adjectives (1): One, Another, Other 1
0 The indefinite pronoun one is used to replace an unspecified singular noun.
I sold my old car and bought a new one.
ÿ»-
There must be a noun (car) in the sentence before one is used.
The indefinite pronoun another is used to replace somebody/something besides the person/
thing that has been mentioned. The indefinite adjective another means one more.
One of the students is from Mexico. Another student is from Japan. (Another is from Japan.)
After the indefinite adjective another is a singular noun. The definite article the cannot come before
another.
© The indefinite pronoun others is used to replace different people/things from the one(s) already
mentioned. The indefinite adjective other is used to describe different people/things from the
one(s) already mentioned.
One of the students is from Mexico. Other students are from Brazil. (Others are from Brazil.)
The indefinite adjective other precedes a plural noun, while others is used as a pronoun.
© The other(s) means those remaining after one or more people/things have left or been excluded.
I
I have three books. Two are mine. The other book is yours. (The other is yours.)
have three books. One is mine, i he other books are yours. (The others are yours.)
ÿ
The other (+ singular noun) indicates one person /thing remaining, and the other + plural noun (or the
others) indicates two or more persons/things remaining.
I
!OEIC Questions
Decide which of the choices - (A), (B), (C), or 2. The company purchased most of its necessities
(D) - best completes the sentence. from a single supplier, but were ordered
from special sources.
1. The company has grown so quickly that its
(A) other others
owners are planning to set up one branch in
(C) the otter (Dj both
China and in Japan.
(A).eaeh other; . one. another . ,v 3. During the orientation for new employees, it was
(0) other (D) another discovered that two of the workers already knew
each
(A) ones other ÿ
. (C) another - '"(b):.others" ÿ' :
H-':
: " Answers; p. 549
...
Hackers Skin Another precedes a. singular noun and other precedes a plural noun or a non-count
noun.
Other ( * Another) candidate has jumped into the presidential race.
We are willing to explore another ( other) options.

05 Indefinite Pronouns /Adjectives (2): Some/Any, No/None, Most
Some/any is used as either a pronoun or an adjective, which means a few of or a little of.
Some as an adjective is used in affirmative sentences; any as an adjective is used in nega
tive, interrogative, and conditional sentences. Some/any can come before or replace both
count and non-count nouns. -a
S3
3.
Some members of the group didn't show up. We don't have any of the equipment.
a>
Some disapproved of the idea. Have you got any luggage? -o
CD
CD
I'm going to buy some clothes. If there are any letters for me, can you send them
There's some ice in the freezer. to this address?
I
No precedes a noun and functions as an adjective, while the pronoun none can stand alone.
We had to walk home because there was no bus. None of the shops were open.
All the tickets have been sold. There are none left.
© Most can be used as a pronoun or an adjective, which means the majority/the biggest
amount of something.
Most of the people didn't enjoy the party.
Most people didn't enjoy the party.
Decide which of the choices - (A), (B), (C), or 2. We received the sales figures for last year, but
(D) - best completes the sentence. there appears to be of a discrepancy
in the third quarter.
1. of the clerks in the supply room
faulted themselves for not accurately (A) something (B) everything
recording the inventory of supplies. (C) anything (D) nothing
(A) No (B) One 3. The project approval committee received forty
(C) Some (D) Any proposals, of which were related to
the transmission of electricity to rural areas.
(A) most (B) the most
C**\
I o m/ /f"W dlfMOol
o |ry\
(Oj dily
Answers; p. 549
www.nhantriviet.com Chapter 13 Pronouns - 149

ns / Possessive Adjectives
ft Nouns and pronouns /possessive adjectives must agree in number. Singular nouns take
singular pronouns / possessive adjectives, and plural nouns take plural pronouns / possessive
adjectives.
Personal pronouns/ l/me/my, you/you/your, he/him/his, we/us/our, you/you/your,

Possessive adjectives she/her./her, it/it/its they/them/their
Reflexive pronouns myself, yourself, himself, herself, itself ourselves, yourselves, themselves
, Demonstrative pronouns ; this, that ; these, those
Businesses should consider the social implications of its activities.

their
Mr. Pak and the other employees tried to finish it by himself.
themselves
A grandparent's job is easier than these of a parent.
that
Personal pronouns and possessive adjectives must agree in gender and person with nouns.
Mr. Jones enjoyed the work so much that it changed his career.
he
Mrs. Pringle and bis husband attended an investment club.
her
The firm wishes to announce the addition of Mr. Hopkins to his board of directors.
its
The country has become one of the largest natural gas producers by increasing yew production.
its
TOEIC Questions
Decide which of the choices - (A), (B), (C), or (D) 2. Ms. Novak is worried that the floral arrangements
- best completes the sentence. ordered will not arrive in time for the
reception dinner.
1. The library has its own collection of rare books,
but also sponsors local exhibits with she (B) that
books loaned by other libraries. (C) are (D) until
(A) they (B) he 3. The executive committee decided that the task
(C) it (D) we force would not have own decision¬
making capacity, but would defer to management
for resolutions.
(A) its (B) his
(G) her (D) theirs
Answers: p. 549
Hackers Skill To be sure of the .agreement beiween nouns and pronouns /possessive adjectives..
you have to Identify which noun the pronoun /adjective replaces.
Thejirm wishes to announce the addition of Mr. Hopkins to his {— its) board of directors.
> The possessive adjecrivo its :s usr-;d ro refer lo The firm, not Mr. Hopkins.
1 sn Hartorc TnFir Roarlinn www nbantrh/ipt mm

HACKERS PRACTICE
Cs
50
>
01 Cashiers are asked to report to (them/their) division heads if there is any discrepancy in the tills. §•
O
02 Tycon is a successful corporation because its employees are more skilled than (that/those) of
other companies.
03 In order to process the request, we must have (your/yours) account number and permanent
address.
04 If you need (another/ other) application form, go to the reception desk and they will assist you.
05 Mrs. Gray was expected to arrive by (her/herself), but she couldn't find the conference center.
06 We consider (him/his) not only the best analyst in the industry but also the top manager.
07 We will teach (that/those) individuals who run their own businesses how to manage daily
operations.
08 Labor unions are opposed to the bills, saying he would worsen conditions for temporary workers.
09 The problem is that construction companies saw all its profits for last year disappear into steel costs.
10 By boosting our production, the company hopes to climb out of bankruptcy.
11 Although the marketing strategy failed, the CEO has decided to give them another try.
12 Absent employees must send in a letter explaining the reason for its absence.
13 We extend its sincerest appreciation to the National Consumer Committee for a job well done.
14 Compact Inc. has decided to recall its laptops and upgrade themselves at no additional cost to the
consumer.
Answers: p. 549
www.nhantriviet.com Chapter 13 Pronouns - 151

!/ Time limit: 11 minutes
Part 5
01 The finance department would like to 08 It is the company's policy that the director
announce the addition of Jake Pasternak must abstain from any political
to team of accountants. involvement in carrying out his responsibilities.
(A) its (B) it (A) him (B) himself
(C) his (D) him (C) he (D) his
02 One employee at the company prefers 09 Employees working on an incentive-based

working during fixed hours, while contract are more efficient than who
appreciates the flex-hour system recently are salaried and locked into a one-year term.
installed by the manager. (A) such (B) that
(A) any (B) other (C) those (D) someone
(C) either (D) another
10 a single missing file has been
03 We are waiting for Anrom to turn in its annual retrieved from the main computer yet, causing
fiscal report before we calculate widespread panic in the office.
(A) us (B) our (A) No (B) Any
(C) ourselves (D) ours (C) None (D) Not
04 Mr. Eisenhower was offered a number of 11 At the Svelte Health Club, all patrons should
positions in the company, of which have body fat percentage measured
was exactly what he was looking for. before they embark on an exercise regimen.
(A) few (B) none (A) they (B) them
(C) both (D) all (C) their (D) theirs
05 The company cannot let present 12 One associate remained in the main office
problem with organizational restructuring with the visiting executives while
affect its plans to merge with Macro ran out to gather the prepared reports and
Technologies. documents.
(A) its (B) it (A) other (B) the other
(C) itself (D) them (C) each other (D) one another
06 Famous people sometimes make good use 13 them had two or three years of
of celebrity status by launching their experience in graphic design before coming
own product lines. to our company.
(A) they (B) their (A) Most (B) Most of
(C) them (D) themselves (C) Almost (D) Any of
07 The assistant accounting manager doesn't 14 Larger businesses are expected by the
have authority to release the government to donate a certain percentage of
documents the client is requesting. earnings to charities each year.
(A) another (B) one (A) its (B) their
(C) no (D) any (C) it (D) them
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15 The company requires employees to 18 The court ordered that both parties present
wear proper headgear at all construction sites their copies of the original contract to ~U
03
as an important safety procedure. (A) another (B) other 3-
(A) them (B) theirs (C) other ones (D) each other CD
"O
(C) its (D) it
19 determined to earn their holiday
16 The bureau is hesitant to cut public sector health bonus must not miss any days between now
costs, but proposal may be applied to and the Christmas break.
the private sector by the end of the week. (A) They (B) That
(A) that (B) those (C) Those (D) Someone
(C) them (D) theirs
20 The finance expert received the proposals
17 You have illegally passed on confidential and will now sift through before
financial information to corporation, determining which one will best suit the
so the police will have to be notified. company's interests.
(A) any (B) other (A) it (B) them
(C) others (D) another (C) theirs (D) ours
Part 6
November 4
Eileen Rivera
213 West 35th Street, Suite 1301
New York, NY 10001
Dear Ms. Rivera,
We would like to congratulate you on one of five internships being offered by the Gables &
21 (A) obtaining
(C) obtained
Gabbert Firm, This year, quite a number of exceptionally talented ...........
(B) obtain
(D) obtains
from all over the country
22 (A) candidates
(C) suitors
(B) nominees
(D) petitioners
applied for this position.
A small reception will be held at Conference Room 2 on November 10 at 3:00 p.m. for all the successful
candidates. Please contact my assistant, Ms. Lisa Foster at 555-2919, if you will be able to attend. Con¬
gratulations once again on your extraordinary achievement. We do hope to see on November 10.
23 (A) them (B) it
(C) him (D) you
Sincerely yours,
Bill Patterson
Manager
.
Answers: p. 549
www.ri ha ntriviet.com Chapter 13 Pronouns 153

Basic Points
An adjective is a word that is used to modify a noun or a pronoun by

describing, identifying, or quantifying it.
I like long hair.

The bridge is pretty long.
In the first sentence, the adjective long modifies the noun hair. In the second one, the
adjective long modifies the noun bridge.
An adjective usually ends in one of these suffixes: -able, -al, -ible, -ic,
-ive, -ous, -ful, -ly.
advisable formal responsible specific
effective previous successful heavy
Some adjectives end in the suffix -ly. Do not confuse them with adverbs.
likely lively costly deadly friendly

0 Adjectives modify nouns in a sentence.
(Article) + (adverb) + adjective + noun
You will get the specific information about the meeting.
~U
The highly successful fair was attended by thousands of people. CO
Adjective + compound noun CO

T3
CD
John was awarded for his exceptional job performance with a promotion. CD
Noun + adjective
The bank will take every measure possible to ensure the safety of the cashiers.
is? Adjectives can also come in the position of the complement in a sentence.
Subject complement It is important to be creative in the field of advertising.
'
Object complement Light-colored walls make a room bright.
# Nouns and adverbs cannot come in the position of an adjective.

People can become overweight because of an impfeperiy diet.
improper
>- To modify the noun diet, the adjective improper is used.
There is an opening for an experience floor manager.
experienced
»- To modify the compound noun floor manager, the adjective experienced is used.
TOEIC Questions
Decide which of the choices - (A), (B), (C), or 2. If we continue with the production
(D) - best completes the sentence. rate, inventory in all stores should be stocked
by next week.
1. Commercial banks are advised to take
(A) present (B) presented
action to amend the serious currency
(C) presently (D) presenting
shortfall.
(A) quickness (B) quicken 3. Workers in general are much less
(C) quickly (D) quick to detail during the day if they haven't had
sufficient rest.
(A) attentive (B) attention
(C) attentively (D) attentiveness
Answers: p. 549
MitAfiM nhantriwipt mm Chapter 14 Adjectives - 155

02 It'llft ifiers as Adjectives and Indefinite Pronouns
Quantifiers are words or phrases that express quantity, functioning as an adjective. Below are
some common quantifiers.
'-2 i-
.
ÿ>y
i
i
{•..*
Gefoir; I'sON-coiJiii Before boih count and
:ytr; nouns non-count nouns
a/an every (a) few fewer (a) little no more
each another both many less most any
one several numerous much some other
various all
Much customers benefited from the service.

Many
Customers is a plural noun, so many, not much, is used.
I was given few information at the help desk.
little
Information is a non-count noun, so little, not few, is used.
@ Below are some quantifiers used as indefinite pronouns. The inseparable phrase of the is put
between each of them and a noun to express a part or the whole of something.
one /two each all both none
many much most several + of the + noun
some any (a) few (a) little
Some of/ the progress in sales was due to the unique ads.
of the
The phrase of the is inseparable.
Decide which of the choices - i'A). (B). (C). or 2. The unconventional manner of leadership by
(Dj - best completes the sentence. the company's new marketing manager was the
1. order that comes to our cause of debate in the office.
department is processed with the utmost (A) much (B) many
care and attention. (C) mostly (D) almost
(A) Many (B) All 3. Pharmacists have publicly refused to condone
(C) Every (D) Most any cream which claims to provide
impossible cosmetic results and skin altering
benefits.
(A) every (B) a lot
(C) many (D) some of
Answers: p. 549
156 - Hackers TOEIC Readina UAAHA/ rvKo mm

I nfus eciives
O Below are some adjectives which either are derived from the same root or have nearly similar
spelling but have quite different meanings.
| appreciable - appreciative persuasive persuaded
-ÿ
| argumentative - arguable probable - probabilistic

j beneficial - beneficent profitable - proficient
C/3
| careful - caring prospective prosperous
ÿÿ
CD
| considerable - considerate reliable - reliant CD
comparable - comparalive respectable - respective

| comprehensible - comprehensive responsible - responsive
economic - economical satisfactory - satisfying
' favorable - favorite seasonal - seasoned
impressive - impressed successful - successive
informed - informative undorstanding -- unoerstandiible
Background music has an appreciative effect on employee productivity.

appreciable
: - Appreciable means noticeable/large, while appreciative means grateful.
!t is important to keep your supervisor mfefmative about any problems.

informed
*- Informed means having a lot of knowledge, while informative means providing useful information.
Telephone representatives are trained not to be afgtraMe with customers.

argumentative
Argumentative means often arguing/wanting to argue, while arguable means having some point that is
not agreeable.
Caring use of the machine will prevent it from malfunctioning.

Careful
»ÿCareful means giving a lot of attention, while caring means kind.
TOEIC Questions
Decide which of the choices - (A). (B). (C). 2. Because his response to the questions was less
or (D) - best completes the sentence. than . the school officials decided to deny
him acceptance into their graduate program.
1. Despite consumer opposition. Noden
( /\) satisfaction
will spend time researching the
(U) SatiSTciCu U SauSTyinQ
potential benefits of adding GPS to its cell
phones. 3. Stunned by the performance of the
/ A \ r>r\no!rlnr o i Ho rQlO
l/~\J uylioiUOI ' i-3 ÿ vOI lOIUul ot q
was at a loss for
violinist, the magazine critic
(C) considerable (D) consideration words when he sat down to write a review of the
show.
Answers: p. t>4y
www nhantriwipt rnm Chapter 14 Adjectives - 157

04 Expressions with Be + Adj
O Below are some common expressions with be + adjective.
I be about to V She is iooking for a new job as her company ;. .-ÿ..o:.. ; go bankrupt.
be apt to V Saies are Hfcsfy io increase this season due to high consumer confidence.
; = be likely to V
; = be liable to sth/to V
j be available to V The applicant indicated that she was sy&iaDis io start working immediately.
; be available for sth Patricia Wells is usually ÿvyfebis ic-r private consultation on weekends only.
; be aware of sth Everyone should :oa aware of the dangers of second-hand smoke.
ÿ
- be conscious of sth
- be cognisant of sth
! be capable of V-ing The department >:•:ÿ providing specialized rescue service.

* be comparable to sth Export figures from this year a ;; oowzr-i-AW to statistics from the past two years, i
1 be consistent with sth Product quality and design must be oofw-sti-ns *i\'y customer demand.
be eligible for sth Freelance workers z>sh not vnÿYois vo; the company pension plan.
I be eligible to V All staff members :-:e esig-nie ic attend the meeting.
j be responsible for sth The city police ressonsibte ir-~ the accident.
; be skilled in/at sth People who i-.re In website design are in high demand these days.
I be subject to sth Part of this presentation may be subject lo revision.
cf. be subjective; to sth cf. Truth ÿ
the individual.
i be willing to V He <s 'vHbn:;: to do whatever it takes to succeed.
TOEIC Questions
Decide which of the choices - (A). (B). (C). or 2. Unless the company's proof of age
(D) - best completes the sentence. requirement is satisfied, application for
membership in the online shopping club may
1. Given the recent trends in stocks and bonds.
be lo rejection.
the market is to drop by 2 percent in
the next couple of quarters.
(uj suDjGCtiVB ÿU; suDiecting
3. Persons with disabilities are not

to apply for labor positions because of the
exiensive physical demands.
.• b'|A) eligibility. ..(B) .'eligibleness* b
*
'b;,.(Gf eliQtel#.;yybb
'
- ''(£ÿÿÿigifc>lyb.!,. ÿ
-
-b. ÿ -bb: "ftnsi«ers:.p.;:55p:
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HACKERS PRACTICE
o
Choose a correct option for each sentence. ZQ
>
01 After a heated debate, the director and assistant manager both returned to their (respective/
2?
respectable) offices. £
ofrl
CO
02 Once his father dies, Ben Gershwin will be the (successful/successive) heir to the family's textile
business.
03 The weekly staff meeting is held (every/all) Wednesday morning in the presentation room.
04 In general, this year's gross output is (comparative / comparable) to that of the previous three years.
05 The government called for the (continued/continuation) intervention of inspectors in factories

mass-producing corporate goods. 1
06 There is so (many/much) competition that prices are likely to stay low.
07 It was incredibly (considerable/considerate) of the director to give the workers extra vacation time
this Christmas.
08 The economical outlook portends steep rises in interest rates for business loans.
09 In preparation for the Olympics, many contractors are bidding for the construction of a permanently
sports complex.
10 Once the new security system was put in, the store had fewer trouble with prowlers.
11 Rumor has it that Urban Bank is like to merge with Fargo Inc. next year.
12 A variety of difference factors have contributed to the company's failure, the main one being sales.
13 Todd is an understandable leader who makes all of the workers feel comfortable.
14 The government has announced that businesses contributing to locally charities will be given tax
deductions.
Answers: p. 550
www.nhantriviet.com Chapter 14 Adjectives - 159

a
! t r* r~ o t r*O t
a
? /
n a t- t n 5 i h S i '
/ Time limit: 11 minutes
Part 5
01 Mr. Jefferson is a good leader because he is 08 We think that the community center is the
able to provide criticism in a way that venue for our annual company
people are receptive to. barbecue.
(A) constructs (B) constructor (A) ideal (B) idealize
(C) constructive (D) construction (C) ideally (D) idealistically
02 Erickson & Co. has called in a number of 09 All of the employees have been quite
professional advisors to give their with the police during the rigorous
opinions about the company's potential investigation of the company.
merger. (A) cooperate (B) cooperative
(A) finance (B) financial (C) cooperating (D) cooperation
(C) financed (D) financing
10 The report indicated that independent
03 To avoid giving clients misleading advice on broker agents in the European continent
investments, brokers must have access to were being put out of business by larger
information that is completely corporations.
(A) reliance (B) reliable (A) the most (B) almost
(C) reliant (D) relying (C) most of (D) most
04 When the analyst provides me with 11 The company now requires all newly hired
details, I will write up the final report and accountants to undergo two months of
send it to your office. intensive training before taking on
(A) almost (B) a lot any work responsibilities.
(C) quite (D) more (A) formal (B) formed
(C) forming (D) formally
05 If there are any changes in the schedule and
activities for next week's open house, your 12 The sponsoring company has prepared a
supervisor will fill you in. online exhibit of the artist's paintings
(A) directing (B) directly for individuals who do not have time to visit
(C) directed (D) direct the art center.
(A) special (B) specially
06 Visitors to the United States often see signs (C) specialist (D) specialize
in public places that state, "Management
is not for any loss or damage of 13 Larger discount stores that sell products in
personal belongings left unattended." bulk are to middle-class families that
(A) responsibly (B) responsible lead busy lives.
(C) responsibility (D) responsive (A) attracted (B) attractive
(C) attraction (D) attractively
07 Many injuries at the construction site can
be prevented or minimized with the use of 14 The bank is offering a new service that will
equipment. allow patrons to examine personal transactions
(A) protect (B) protects listed in a weekly statement.
(C) protective (D) protecting (A) consolidate (B) consolidator
(C) consolidated (D) consolidation
160 - Hackers TOEIC Reacted www.nhantriviet.com

>
15 The interests of the corporation make 18 If inventory is well planned and done in an >
it difficult for management to form definite orderly fashion, it will be trouble than -
decisions. it was last year. §
(A) diverse (B) diversification (A) fewer (B) least CO
TJ
(C) diversifying (D) diversity (C) a few (D) less CD
CD
16 Every means will be used to ensure 19 This folder contains important and
that your valuables are delivered quickly and documents and should be placed inside Mr.
safely. Berr's safe when he doesn't need it.
(A) possibility (B) possible (A) confidential (B) confiding
(C) possibilities (D) possibly (C) confidentially (D) confident
17 The size of the memory card in 20 At his retirement party, a number of Jack's
mobile phones which feature a built-in camera colleagues congratulated him on a highly
will allow users to save hundreds of images. career in the journalism field.
(A) reduce (B) reducing (A) succeed (B) successive
(C) reduced (D) reduction (C) succeeded (D) successful
Part 6
__ __ __ _ ___
_ __ __ __ __ , , O
rn
Dear Ms. Goldman, 2

fT>
cu
CL
I am writing to the receipt of your application for our First Time Home Owner Mortgage Plan. 5
21 (A) remark (B) understand
(C) suggest (D) confirm
I am pleased to inform you that your loan has been approved and we will be able to lend you the
amount . As indicated in your chosen plan, once the initial transaction is performed, you
22 (A) requests (B) requesting
(C) requested (D) is requested \
will be required to deposit monthly installments covering the principal payment and interest into the
bank account which will be opened for this purpose. The option to transfer into a closed interest
rate package will remain for a period of three years, after which time it will be mandatory
. 23 (A) effect .. . (B) effected
(C) effective (D) effectively
for you to continue with the current plan. Please contact the bank to set up an appointment to
begin the mortgage process.
Thank you.
Answers: p. 550
vv ¥¥ yy j it scsi lit mcuv.ui i s Chapter 14 Adjectives - 161

Basic Points
An adverb is a word used to emphasize a state or an action,
They highly recommended the product.

That was a very creative idea.
In the first sentence, the adverb highly emphasizes the action recommend, and the
adverb very in the second sentence emphasizes the state of being creative.
An adverb can modify a verb, an adjective, another adverb, a phrase, a

clause, or a whole sentence. An adverb indicates manner, time, place,
cause, or degree, and answers questions with how, when, where, why,
how much, how often.
Modifying a verb He carefully dug under the tree.

Modifying an adjective The sandwiches were really delicious.
Modifying another adverb She likes this novel very much.
Modifying a phrase Ally left shortly before 9:00 p.m.
Modifying a clause I arrived long after the party began.
Modifying a whole sentence Usually, he works Monday to Friday.
An adverb is usually formed by adding the suffix -ly to an adjective.
Most adverbs end in -ly, such as calmly, completely, entirely, heavily, temporarily.
However, some adverbs do not end in -ly, such as ahead, just, only, still, well.
Bear in mind that costly, elderly, friendly, silly, ugly, and worldly are adjectives, not
adverbs.
She smiled in a friendly way.
16? Marker1; TOFlf Rpariinn www nhantrivipt rom

01 Functions and Positions of Adverbs
O When an adverb modifies a verb:
It comes before or after verb + object. It cannot come between verb and object. s
Mr. Fields promptly informed his supervisor of the accident. >
It is necessary to filter Individuatfy each customer complaint individually. -u
3.
It usually comes between or after auxiliary/modal verb + main verb.
They are still arranging the office to accommodate the new workers.
Mr. Walker's retirement has been indefinitely postponed.
The new assistant is adjusting nicely to the corporate life.
When an adverb modifies an adjective, another adverb, or a phrase, it comes right before the
adjective, adverb, or phrase.
He gave an exceptionally profound speech at the gathering.
The following is the list of the most frequently asked questions.
She speaks English very well.
The service operates only on the dates listed below.
# When an adverb modifies a clause, it comes at the beginning of the clause. When modifying a
whole sentence, it stands at the beginning or at the end of the sentence.
Children are admitted only if they are accompanied by an adult.
Unfortunately, I won't be able to attend the meeting.
They will finish the survey tomorrow.
@ Adjectives cannot come in the position of an adverb.

Expense accounts for traveling salesmen have been cut substantial
substantially
»- To modify the verb cut, the adverb substantially, not the adjective substantial, is used.
Whether or not you quit is entire up to you.

entirely
To modify the phrase up to you, the adverb entirely, not the adjective entire, is used.
TOEIC Questions
Decide which of the choices - (A), (B), (C), or (D) - 2. Recent advances in telephony have made it possible
best completes the sentence. for mobile phone owners to transmit
clear and sharp images to other users.
A surveyor's inspection shows that it may be
impossible to lay the foundation for (A) easy (B) easier
the memorial on the suggested site. (C) easiest {D) easily
(A) technically (B) technician 3. He was fired after getting into a heated
(C) technicality (D) technical debate with the manager about appropriate office
etiquette.
(A) short (B) shorter
(C) shortly (D) short®
Www.i ii idi iu iviet.COm Chapter 15 Adverbs - 163

02 Confusing Adverb I
Some adverbs are derived from the same root but have different meanings.
Adverbs Examples
i hard Employees that work hard will be rewarded with bonuses.
; hardly That was hardly enough time for lunch.
; high Her work has piled up high on her desk.
highly Admittedly, I think highly of our company's founder.
Private schooling is a highly lucrative industry in South Korea.
great You really have done great this year in terms of sales.
greatly in spite of a lack of practice, her writing has greatly improved.
late The company president is scheduled to arrive late Friday evening.
lately Mark has been missing the feedback sessions lately.
most The lack of coordination at the office annoys me most.
mostly My co-workers are mostly energetic and bright college graduates.
, near The final day for registration drew .
i nearly I was finished when the phone rang.
early late hard high long fast

far near daily weekly monthly yearly
1
TOEIC Questions
Decide which of the choices - (A), (B), (C), or 2. Sales of compact disc players have gone down
(D) - best completes the sentence. 15 percent this fiscal year.
1. The manager sent a memo complaining (A) nearly (B) near
about the timeliness of report submissions (C) quite (D) very
and mentioned that monthly reports are
3. Kurt Drew works , his communication
being submitted one or two days skills are exemplary, and I have no doubt he will
(A) lately (B) later be an asset to your company.
(C) lateness (D) late
(A) hardly (B) harden
(C) hard (D) hardened
Answers: p. 550
164 - Hackers TOEIC Reading www nhantrivipf rr»m

,
03 Adverbs of Time
0 Already/still/yet O
za
>
Already is used in affirmative sentences, implying that something has been done,
She has already typed the report you left on her desk.
Still is used in affirmative, negative, and interrogative sentences, implying that something is continuing, U
05
The house is still up for sale.

GO
Yet is mostly used in interrogative and negative sentences to talk or ask about something that has not tD
CD
happened or is not true at a particular time but will probably happen or be true in the future.
Have the reports been filed yet?
Ever/ ago /once

Ever is used in negative and interrogative sentences, implying that something happened in the past
without a specific time.
They hardly ever received encouragement from their parents.
Ago follows a word or an expression referring to a period of time to say how long before the present time
something happened.
Mrs. Baker joined our team here at ESCO three years ago.
Once is used to say that a particular situation existed at a time in the past but does not exist any longer,
It can also modify adjectives.
He once managed this store.
Formerly a main source of fish, the area had many once thriving fish markets.
TOEIC Questions
Decide which of the choices - (A), 2. Although infrastructure contracts should be awarded
(B), (C), or (D) - best completes the through open bids, the administration has not
sentence. devised a policy that would allow for it.
|.DJ Qfiif
/Q\
1. The traffic was so heavy that by the time (D\
bull
qItpaHn/
(G) never ÿ uj asi cauy
we arrived at the theater, the award-
winning play had started. 3. Union leaders have been negotiating with management
(A) yet (B) already representatives ever since most of the company's
(n\ nnrp
iu tJI luC (D) still workers went on strike about two weeks
lul OUw
Answers: p. 550
www.nh a ntrivi et.co m Chapter 15 Adverbs - 165

O An adverb of frequency shows how often an action takes place. It usually comes before an ordin¬
ary verb, between an auxiliary or a modal verb and a main verb, after the main verb be, or at
the beginning or at the end of a sentence.
j always almost often frequently usually i

! once /'twice /three times + a day/week/ month /year sometimes j
I hardly/rarely/seldom/scarcely/barely never
She often tries to help me.

She is so tired that she can hardiv keep awake.
He is usually very cheerful.
Sometimes I go to work by bus.
The board meeting takes place once a year.
© The adverbs hardly, rarely, seldom, scarcely, barely, and never already contain a negative
meaning, thus they do not go with not or another negative word.
I had hardly never taken lunch outside of the office.
ever
Hardly already includes a negative meaning, so it cannot go with the negative word never.
Decide which of the choices - (A), (B). (C). or 2. We have the production laborers change
(D; - best completes the sentence. schedules lo prevent laziness from
too much routine.
1, At Calvin's Outlet Store, evaluations of team
\"J wUUh \Oj Oiloii
leaders are done at the end of every
three-month quarter.
(A) yet (B) ever 3. have I seen such an eager and
f (PA I }Qi i£j||\/
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enthusiastic recruit with so much experience
in the workforce.
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05 Connecting Adverbs
O Connecting adverbs are often used to show the relationship between the ideas expressed CD
>
in two successive clauses, sentences, or paragraphs. Below are some common connecting
>
adverbs.
: besides moreover furthermore
! therefore hence consequently cn
1 -o
! however nevertheless nonetheless CD
CD
| otherwise then meantime/ meanwhile

| (or) else
Knowing he was going to be fired, he consequently didn't put effort into his work.
Say sorry to her; then, you'll receive her smile again.
All applicants must register by May 2 or else they will be disqualified.
© Connecting adverbs usually follow the semicolon (;) when they connect two clauses.
It is too late besides you are tired. (X)
It is too late; besides, you are tired. (O)
The adverb besides connects the two clauses, so the semicolon (;) is added before it.
When a conjunction of an adverb clause is already used, a connecting adverb is no longer

needed.
Although we were tired and sleepy, nevsrtketess we kept on walking.
The conjunction Although already expresses a full meaning. Hence, the adverb nevertheless is redundant.
II
ÿ
TOEIC Questions
Decide which of the choices - (A), (B), (C), or 2. Unless indicated, all the information
(D) - best completes the sentence. in this set of records is up to date as of June
30.
1. Employee suggestions are always accepted / A\ (B) otherwise
by management; , most suggestions VV
(G) also (D) else
are usually not acted upon until after the
board meetings are held. 3. Mr. Johnson expressed interest in a marketing
(A) therefore (B) otherwise job; , the previous positions on his
(C) instead (D) however resume were exclusively in accounting.
(A) moreover (B) however
/(~)\ thprpfnrp
l /U It/! vfUl v (D) otherwise
Answers: p. 550
www.nhantriviet.com Chapter 15 Adverbs - 167

i
6 Emphasizing Adverbs (1) 1
O Just and right come before and emphasize the adverbs of time before and after.
Get in touch with the secretary just (= right) before coming to the office.
@ Only and just come before and emphasize a prepositional phrase or a noun phrase.
They hold barbecue parties only during the summer.
It's just a simple manager-employee misunderstanding.
# Well emphasizes a prepositional phrase, meaning very much.

Stock prices are well over market value this week.
O Even comes before and emphasizes a noun/noun phrase or a verb.

I
Even the anthropology professor thought the speech was boring.
We will even provide you with complimentary mints on your pillow.
When emphasizing a verb, even comes between the modal verb and the main verb.
© Quite comes before and emphasizes the structure a /an + noun, meaning a little/a lot but not
completely.
The new archiving system was quite a success.
® For emphasis, nearly, almost, and just are used in the comparison of equality; much, even,
still, far, a lot, and by far are used in the comparative; by far and quite are used in the
superlative.
She's just as intelligent and good-looking as her brothers and sisters.
There is a much better store around the corner.
Joel Rivera is by far the most forceful of all the speakers at the convention.
TOEIC Questions
Decide which of the choices - (A), (B), (C), or 2. Parmalac sold its ImClone stocks at a price that was
(D) - best completes the sentence. below the market value at that time.
1. This business visa allows you to travel to (A) very (B) so
your destination on the days listed (C) well (D) such
at the bottom of the paper. 3. The company decided that a more
(A) also (B) only aggressive approach to advertising was needed to
fn\ I'D) however pull ahead of the competition.
(B) very
/n\
(D) really
Answers: p. 550
168 - Hackers TOEIC Reading www nhanfrivipf rnm

07 Emphasizing Adverbs (2) R
O So is an adverb modifying an adjective or an adverb; such is a determiner modifying a noun or
a noun phrase. They both mean very. >
The store was such busy that it had to hire additional part-time workers.
so
"U
Sales items sold out such quickly that the shop had to close early. 3-
so
GO
«ÿ
Such cannot modify the adjective busy and the adverb quickly. Hence, the adverb so must be used. ÿO
CD
CD
O
It's amazing that one company can have so dedicated employees.

such
So cannot modify the noun employees. Hence, the determiner such must be used.
# So and very have the same meaning, but unlike so, very cannot be used with a that-clause in
complex sentences.
The explanation in the book is very clear.
The staff was very argumentative that it took time before decisions were made.
so
© Unlike so/very, too expresses a negative meaning.
The report was too long to read all at once.
ÿ The structure too... to... conveys the negative meaning we cannot read the report all at once because it
was so long,
cf. The walk was very long, but the fresh air felt good.
Generally, very emphasizes the characteristic of something, while too implies a negative opinion.
TOEIC Questions
Decide which of the choices - (A), (B), (C), or 2. Considering that the job was done in a rush, the
(D) - best completes the sentence. director was satisfied with the results.
1. The chess championships at the school are (A) too (B) such
popular events that the auditorium is (C) far (D) very
always packed on tournament days. 3. Relative to the average gross revenue, taxes in
(A) so (B) huge the area are heavy for the smaller
(C) such (D) too businesses to handle.
(A) much too (B) such
(C) so (D) much
Answers: p. 550

08 Other Adverbs
O Also/too/as well /either
Also comes at the beginning or in the middle of a sentence, not at the end.
I have shares in Amsun, Eurotech, and also Talba.
Each character represents a syllable of spoken Chinese and also has a meaning.
Too and as well come at the end of a sentence.
There will be workshops offered next month too.
Mary wants to apply for the position as well.
Either is used in a negative sentence after another negative sentence has been mentioned, meaning the
same as also/too.
Luis worVt be going to the dinner party; Pedro won't be going either.
@ Later/thereafter/ since
Later means after the time mentioned or at some time in the future/after now.
He was questioned about the scandal five months later.
Why don't we talk this over later?
Thereafter is formally used, meaning from a specific time onward, or simply, after that.
Sally left and her package was delivered shortly later.
thereafter
Without a time unit, later means at some time in the future, which does not correspond with the context.
Since means from a particular time in the past until a later time.
Anne Keating was promoted and has since worked as head accountant.
# Forward expresses the state of something, while ahead expresses directions.

The director is working hard to push the company ahead.
forward
Push something forward means to continue with an activity in a determined way, especially when it is difficult.
They all knew that the days forward would be tiresome.

ahead
ÿ
The days ahead means the days in the future.
Decide which of the choices -- (A). (B). (C). or 2. The plane will take off at about 3:15 p.m.. and
( D) - best completes the sentence. a light snack will be served to the passengers
shortly
1. Ms. Peters thought the designs were
marvelous, but she needs to (A) later (B) thereafter
see what they would look like in a display (C) already *
{0)', suddenly ;
window.
3. When Bernal became the CEO, we considered
(A) not only ,{.B) .either v it a great step because a woman was
*. .(C):alsQ;. (D) as well;; .
finally guaranteed formal say in company policy.
(A) ahead (B) forward
(C) towards: : \ ,(D) backward: ÿ
Answers: p. 55ft;

HACKERS PRACTICE I
01 The design department has not (still /yet) finished constructing the model for the client's proposed
building project.
02 Acting as the vice president of such a large company was (so/such) stressful that she retired early.
03 They prepared (much too /too much) food, believing that many people would be participating.
04 Fax the billing information to headquarters by 5 p.m.; (otherwise/however), we won't receive the
payment on time.
05 Mrs. Jensen was (such /very) pleased with her new high-rise office on 5th Avenue.
06 Evans Construction is a leading contracting company that provides bidding, contracting, and (also/
as well) architectural support.
07 She was called away for an emergency meeting (ever/ right) before the performance was about to start.
08 Cocoa is exported wide to nearly every part of the world.
09 The actual annual report figures came closely to this year's production estimates.
10 Investors want the company to be sufficiently strong before they consider putting money into it.
11 The Christmas bonus, based on the company's yearly net profit, was divided impartiality between
laborers and supervisors.
12 Mr. Jenkins final agreed to holding the meeting in the Grand Hotel.
13 The three-stage interview process helps administrators decide exactly which applicant is right for
which position.
14 Morale among the staff has been raised substantial by the new espresso machine in the lounge.
Answers: p. 550

Part 5
01 Mrs. Dorsey is being considered for 08 Although the restaurant is new, it
a promotion to the position of head manager has already been praised by Food Review
for the company's technology division. and most of other restaurant rating services.
(A) present (B) presently (A) relatively (B) related
(C) presenter (D) presentation (C) relative (D) relatedly
02 The new PowerPoint software is the most 09 Consumer views are becoming an
advanced presentation program on important factor in determining the way a
the market today. product is presented and packaged.
(A) high (B) higher (A) increase (B) increased
(C) highly (D) highest (C) increasing (D) increasingly
03 The drafting programs available at our firm 10 We cannot always guarantee that everything
are too advanced for the trainees to in our catalog is in stock at our outlets, so
use. please call to make sure.
(A) well (B) quite (A) ahead . (B) before
(C) far (D) pretty (C) if (D) advance
04 Anonymous Writers is less expensive than 11 A number of large investment projects have
the Writers' Consortium, and its work is sprung up in rural areas where
as dependable. agriculture is the main industry.
(A) as well (B) very (A) lateness (B) late
(C) just (D) while (C) later (D) lately
05 Electric service will be restored as 12 To register for your online account,

as possible after the power outage problem proceed to the website and click on the 'sign
on the second floor has been resolved. up' button.
(A) quick (B) quickly (A) simply (B) simple
(C) quicken (D) quickness (C) simplify (D) simplicity
06 Two multimillion-dollar corporations are 13 Sales of the new vacuum cleaner have gone
attempting to reach an agreement beyond our initial estimate and we have
over the sale of one of the country's biggest decided to increase production.
banks. (A) therefore (B) however
(A) still (B) once (C) although (D) in contrast
(C) besides (D) any more
14 All purchases made on the company credit
07 Mr. Richards is such a dedicated supervisor card should be listed on the monthly
that he works night and day and statement.
ever takes time to relax. (A) direct (B) directly
(A) quite (B) just (C) directed (D) directing
(C) nearly (D) hardly
172 ...
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15 Drivers are constantly reminded by the head 18 Had the profits been shared among
office to puli over as as necessary to the leading salesmen, there wouldn't be the ~o
CO
rest during long shifts. fuss that there is now.
(A) almost (B) often (A) equal (B) equally an
"O
(C) well (D) always (C) equality (D) equalize
16 Copies of the popular children's book had 19 serving as president of the Board of
been placed on bookstore shelves for not the Giltmore Corporation, Mr. Bennett also
several hours when they sold out. works as a consultant to a few medium-size
(A) quite (B) many companies.
(C) still (D) only (A) Else (B) Because
(C) As long as (D) Besides
17 The task force spent an entire day selecting
applications that most matched the
requirements of the positions being offered.
20 The fat content of food products sold in super¬
markets should be labeled much more I
(A) closer (B) closest to allow people to make informed decisions.
(C) closely (D) close (A) clear (B) clearly
(C) clearing (D) clearness
Part 6
Marsha Berger
Medical Supplies Division
Tyrrell Manufacturing
Dear Ms. Berger,
I am writing to inform you that I will be unable to attend the conference in New Jersey, as our
company is currently undergoing restructuring, making it impossible for me to leave Portland. I am
eager your proposals for incorporating your products into our own line of merchandise.
21 (A) discussing (B) discuss
(C) to discuss (D) discussion
, you will be attending the next conference in July in Austin, allowing us to get together
22 (A) Almost (B) Already
(C) Mostly (D) Presumably
and discuss our prospects . I believe both companies are headed in the same direction
23 (A) soon (B) nearly
(C) usually (D) often
and a joint venture would be highly beneficial. Therefore, I look forward to the opportunity to meet
with you at the next conference, unless otherwise informed.
Sincerely,
Justin White
Garnet Distribution
Answers: p. 550
vww.nhantrivlet.com Chapter 15 Adverbs 173

Basic Points
Most often, prepositions come before nouns. Based on their meanings,

they are divided into prepositions of time, place, reason, purpose,
manner, etc.
We had dinner at a Korean restaurant.

The city hosts a jazz festival in the summer.
It is usually colder on the beach because of the breeze.
At, in, and because of in the above sentences are prepositions of place, time, and
reason respectively.
Prepositions can take nouns, pronouns, gerunds, or noun clauses as their objects.
The structure preposition + object is called a prepositional phrase.
I bought a gift for you. (Preposition + pronoun)

I am going to work late tonight Instead of working this weekend. (Preposition + gerund)
He told the story to whomever he met. (Preposition + noun clause)
As an adjective, a prepositional phrase modifies a noun, and as an

adverb, it modifies a verb.
The box on the table is empty.
A_ i
I exercise in the evening.
A_ I
As an adjective, the prepositional phrase on the table modifies the noun the box, and
as an adverb, the prepositional phrase in the evening modifies the verb exercise.
17/1 »ÿ<- "T C \C Pa n 1 n www nhantrivipt rom

01 Preposition In /At /On
O Preposition of time in/at/on
FriipOSSuOIIS
s
'Sir~i months, years, seasons, centuries, Aug ust 2008 >
periods of time, parts of day in winter in the 21st century
(morning, afternoon, evening) in three days in the morning/afternoon/evening
: at specific times, times of day (noon, at 7 o'clock at noon/night/midnight
night, midnight, midday), points of at the beginning/end of the month
time
on days, dates, special holidays August 15 Friday Christmas Day
© Preposition of place in/at /on

: Prepositions Usage Examples
! in : an enclosed space /area the world/country in the city/room/town
| at : a specific location : the intersection at the bus stop
the station at Franklin Street
on a flat su race the table on the Han River
the first floor/level on the wall
© Common expressions with in /at /on

The preposition in/at/on is used to refer to not only a time or place but also a state, condition, rate etc.
Below are some common expressions with in/at/on.
: Prepositions Expressions
ÿ
in in time in a sales event in the coming year

place in the sales department in the foreseeable futurfe?
a campaign experience in a relevant field
at once at a good pace at the rate of
times at high speed at the age of
least at a low price at a charge of : , ,
the latest at 60 miles an hour a-, one's expense
regular intervals at your earliest convenience
on time the waiting list
a regular basis the recommendation of
TOEIC Questions
Decide which of the choices - (A), (B), (C), or 2. If our new low-fat potato chip beconos a hot
(D) - best completes the sentence. seller in Springfield, we are going to test-market
it 25 major cities across the US.
The interchange with the real estate
consultant is expected to take place (A) on (B) in
tomorrow afternoon 4:00. (C) against (D) to
(A) on (B) at All of the drilling machines are place
(C) to (D) for and ready to begin oil production at the command
of the chief executive.
(A) at (B) on
...
(C) in (D) for . ÿv
Answers: p, 55(P
www.nhantriviet.com Chapter 16 Prepositions 1 75

<1 Prepositions that show a point of time
SlnCS fr0m
,
. . ...
+ a point of time (3 o ciock, July, rriday mornina,
. V
etc.)
until /by f
befors/ prior to
The project team leader would like to see us : 5:00 p.m.
iPrepositions that show a period of time or a duration

for/during
over/through/throughout + a period of time (three years, a decade, holiday, process, etc.)
- within
She has been using English for ten years.

Pete guided the employees the training process.
© Identifying a point of time or a duration to use prepositions correctly

I will have this done within the end of the month.
by
The end of the month is a point of time, so by is used,
We have been married smee two years.
for
Two years is a period of time, so for is used.
TOEIC Questions
Decide which of the choices - (A). (B). (C). or (D) - 2, The rental deposit must be transferred to
best completes the sentence. the landlord's bank account at least fifteen
days the movinq-in date.
Bocsuse fewer than five people have registered
for the Computer Graphics Workshop to be hold
two weeks now, the training department
manager has decided to cancel the C3vent. 3. To have any broken parts replaced without
charge, the registration form musi bo
mailed to the company one month
of product purchase.
(A) from -4 wimin
1°/
(C) until mvu,,
{%}) D¥ :
Answers: p. 650
176 - Hackers TOEIC Readinq www.nhantriviet.rom

03 Prepositions of Plac H
Prepositions of place CD
Prepositions Examples
above over He lifted his hands < his head,
: below /under Look in the cupboard :. ; . the sink. -o
OJ
3-
, beside /next to I sat down. ÿÿ
:: : " ÿ
my wife.
cn
: behind There is a park right ÿ; the building. -a
CD
. between /among There's a table -'ÿÿÿ

' -ÿ
a chair and a bookshelf.

The midday meal was served 2 and 4 o'clock.
They walked -r the crowds.
near I'd like to sit .ÿÿ•-i a window.
within All staff should be aware of activities the company.
The profit of this year increased 5 percentage points of its competitors.
around Some of the travelers wanted to waik , the night market.
ÿ
@ Common expressions with over/under/between/ within/around

In addition to showing a place, the preposition over/ under/ between/within /around can be used to refer
to a state, connection, relationship, etc. Below are some common expressions with these prepositions.
Prepositions
over I i." V0 t h!) ecJ-yG
under uad-ij" new management ÿ:< investigation
v.er ciose supervision review
c';::: current contract ÿ. consideration
control under discussion * '
pressure .. i development
between cjiiir-iro'co fj£<p
within a radius ol hin the organizatior

around arounc the world the corner
TOEIC Questions
Decide which of the choices - (A). (B). (C). or The annex lo the officc building on Lester
(D) - best completes the sentence. Avenue will be construction until April.
1. A recent study mentions that prescription drug

use has steadily increased people
aged 45 years and above over the past two 3. Last summer's heavy precipitation levels
decades. caused sales of beachwear to fall 20 percent
normal.
(C) between :'(D) around (A) after (B) below
(PS hohinH
IW/ k/ I ill 1U
V
Answers: p. 551
www.nhantriviet.com Chapter 16 Prepositions - 177

04 Prepositions of Direction H
fl Prepositions of direction
; Prepositions Examples
I from > The copy can be obtained from the office.
' to
I They will send the package to your client.
across : We walked across the ice.
through ; I walked through the woods.
along I Newman walked along the street.
for ;j I'm leaving for Busan.
toward(s) i She walked toward me.
into j We moved all the luggage into the room.
;
out of' -M took the key out of my pocket.
# Common expressions with from/to/along /across/out of

Besides indicating direction, from also shows who gave the opinion, to refers to a state, out of is used
with the meaning without / beyond the range or limit of, etc. Below are some common expressions with
from /to /along /across /out of.
Prepositions
from ÿ
. 3m one's viewpoint
to the relief of a great extent my knowledge
one's satisfaction your heart's content
along ong the shore ong the side of
across ;ross the street iross from the post office
out of date it of reach order
jt of room jt of print stock
Jt of season jt of control town
it of paper
I TOEIC Questions_
Decide which of the choices - (A), (B), (C), or 2. The new highway, which will run the
(D) - best completes the sentence. mountains, is expected to cause irreversible
damage to wildlife and the ecosystem.
1. Subscribers to the online newsletter were
(A) through (B) during
informed that their names would be removed
(C) out (D) against
the list if they did not reply to the
e-mail asking if they wished to be retained. 3. This product should be kept reach of
(A) to (B) from children as it contains many toxic agents.
(C) for (D) of (A) away with (B) out of
(C) up until (D) without
Answers: p. 551
178 - Hackers TOEIC Readirsa www.nhantriviet.com

Prepositions of Reason, Concession, Purpose, Exception,
and Addition
CD
3D
>
O Prepositions of reason, concession, and purpose 2
Preoos'tic-ns
because of We were late because of the rain.
due to Due to the rise in the cost of fuel, all living expenses will increase.
j owing to
on account of
despite )espite a poor economy, the shop has been doing well.
; in spite of
| wifH '-all' '
I for The club is hosting a party for all its members.
# Prepositions of exception and addition

i Prepositions Examples
I except (for) cleaned all the rooms ......p. the bathroom.
excepting
I aside from
: apart from
: barring We should arrive at 10 o'clock, barring any unexpected delays.
without I would have been in real trouble but for your heip.
but for
instead of Use graphics instead of words.
in addition to addition to the new offices, the building has a coffee house on the first floor.
besides Besides writing summaries, she proofreads all of the professor's work.
apart from
TOEIC Questions
Decide which of the choices - (A), (B), (C), 2. The manager said that any changes, the
or (D) - best completes the sentence. proposal would be presented at a special meeting
of sustainable development organizations.
The staff is planning to hold a farewell
(A) except (B) barring
gathering an employee who
(C) unless (D) because
served the company for over twenty years.
(A) by (B) for Interest rates are falling a governmental
(C) to (D) from push to raise all mortgage rates for middle-class
homeowners.
(A) in spite of (B) according
(C) even though (D) in addition
Answers: p. 551

06 Preposition Of and Othe
# The structure A of B
Examples
A is a noun, B is its implied subject. the development x the company
consent the parent
the retirement >: our colleague
A is a noun, B is its implied object. showing :::• his new movie
the marketing luxury brands
"
the shipment ov wine

the utilization health care services
A and B are appositives, a chance meeting someone new
"
:
the Idea producing handbooks
a balance or 100 dollars
A is part of B. this area ::f the city
the end ÿ the month
ihe employees c the branch
@ Prepositions for drawing people's attention to a particular subject

ÿ
about on over
: as to as for
i concerning regarding 5
i with /in regard to with respect to with /in reference to
The following are frequently asked questions concerning the internship program.
We take pride in complying with ail regulations with regard to food safety.
TOEIC Questions
Decide which of the choices - (A), (B), (C), 2. Dr. Wilson will attend the workshop to moderate
or (D) - best completes the sentence. a panel discussion ethics of new medical
technology.
1. The independent audit of the company
is expected to be concluded by the end
(A) by (B) to
this month.
(C) on (D) with
f"Yk/
in
3. A dispute workers' rights has caused
union members employed at the factory to walk
out in a week-long strike.
(A),over (B) above-. .>7
f(r%\ c\f
\uj.ot- , -yj) slAnri'
(FW
aiong. . . ....
Answers: p. 551
180 - Hackers TOEIC Reading www nhsntriwipf rnm

O Other prepositions O
Prepositions
ISSRHIM
through
Authenticated access is obtained by providing a valid name and password.
Competence is achieved through training.
*"D
3.
throughout Heavy rains have increased the water level behind dams frrouQ.'iOLn the country.
GO
with The children will discuss it with their teacher. "O
without Headphones will enable you to listen to the music whhCu' disturbing anyone.
as He had served . . a soclion director al the Ministry of Education.
like . jogging, walking should have a steady and continuous molion.
.
unlike Swimming, uniike jogging, is ideal for any age or physical ability.
against Some consumers have campaigned agalnsl the use of furs in luxury clothing.
beyond lis funclions go what is necessary for an MP3 player.
ÿ
following roi!ov»;;v: the conference, the banquet for the delegation will be held.
plus The newly launched mobile phone has all the same features puis digital
music capabilities.
© Common expressions with by/through/with/without/against/beyond

I'M'PiJf.iilGilo Expi'iSl'.iOHfj
tjy telephone/ lax ' mni! ÿ
cash check creÿk card

land ÿ
law
through the use of cooperation
wilh no doubt no exception
without :tn the aim of paying
against jainsi the law act aga;nsi one's will
oeyond repair beyond one's capacity
TOEIC Questions _
Decide which of the choices - (Aj. (B), (C). or 2. Companies can save hundreds on airfares
(D) best completes the sentence.
-ÿ
computer linkups which allow for

international meetings without leaving the office.
1. Dayton Electronics recommends that all
customers keep their receipts
proof of payment.
(A) as (B) except 3. Employees expressed content with their salaries
(C) on (D) into and working hours the exception of
those in packing, who requested a pay increase.
00 i
www.nhantriviet.corn Chapter 16 Prepositions - 181

B Common E:j$mg| ions Formed bv Verb /Adjective /Noun
Prepositio
O Verb + preposition
*
1 account for depend on (= rely on : count on) associate A with B

I add to sympathize with congratulate A on B
j comply with wait for direct A to B
| consist of keep track of return A to B
I contribute to employ A as B transfer A to B
They have only a few days left to comply with new regulations on factory safety.
The public associates the company name with trust and reliability.
@ Adjective + preposition
absent from equivalent to identical to consistent witjf
responsible for comparable to /with similar to contrary to
Projects conducted by like organizations are similar to each other.
© Noun + preposition
access to exposure to an advocate for /of
| a cause /reason for concern about/for/over a lack of
ÿ
permission from a problem with a dispute about /over

an effect iimpact / influence on a question about / concerning /' regarding
respect for a decrease /an increase /a rise /a drop in
a solution to
The client has a question regarding the arrangements for the trip.
0 Fixed expressions of more than one preposition

by means of in place of in charge of in respect of
in honor of in violation of in observance of on behalf of
Fred Sumner will be giving the speech in place of Mr. Trent, who is down with the flu.
TOEIC Questions
Decide which of the choices - (A), (B), (C), or Education for Children, Inc. has always been
(D) - best completes the sentence. an advocate effective early education
through home- and school-based programs.
Management has decided to transfer
certain responsibilities formerly held by (A) to (B) by
the administrative division the (C) for (D) over
accounting department.
Ms. Turner asked us to use the original design
(A) at (B) by for the product display the one submit¬
(C) to (D) of ted by the team.
(A) because (B) instead of
(C) despite (D) when
Answers: ;p.
1 QO _ U rr THPr Pcsÿrfinn www nha nf rivipt.r om

HACKERS PRACTICE
en

-o
01 The country has suffered from little investment (over/ until) the past year as a result of political 03
3-
instability. 00
T3
CD
02 (Due to /Except for) rising oil prices, import prices went up by 16 percent in August.
03 In recent years, private investors have become increasingly attracted to this area (on/of) the city.
04 Requests for assistance via e-mail or live Internet support are only monitored (since/during)
regular hours of operation.
05 (At/ Despite) a looming fiscal crisis, the country's economy has bounced back from a slump.
06 Workshops are offered (before/throughout) the year on a variety of job search tools and skills
including resume writing.
07 (Aside from /Long since) the acquisition costs, the manager anticipated additional costs for
operational and restructuring expenses.
"correct"; if it is incorrect, point out the mistake(s) and provide (a) corrections).
08 A recent report said consumer prices could exceed 4 percent on the end of the year.
09 Professionals on the academic community frequently immigrate to places where their skills earn a
better reward.
10 Guests can put their valuables in the hotel's safety deposit boxes for safekeeping.
11 Until approximately twenty years, the national debt is forecast to jump to four trillion dollars.
12 In observance for Labor Day, all US exchanges will be closed on Monday, September 6.
13 All documentation on local cost payments, including tender documents, must be retained to the future.
14 The expansion project will be completed since December 15 and will be eligible for sales tax
exemption.
Answers: p. 551

H A C K E R S TEST Time limit: 11 minutes
Part 5
01 The company anniversary party will take 08 The data will be posted on a secure password-
place August 26, so please mark the protected server that is accessible exclusively
date on your calendars. authorized staff members.
(A) in (B) at (A) for (B) within
(C) on (D) for (C) to (D) over
02 The innovative website allows a traveler to 09 Country Air offered free tickets to every pas¬
search and find locations of interest that lie senger that missed their flight a
a fifty-mile radius of the city. malfunction in the plane's engine.
(A) among (B) within (A) owed to (B) thanks for
(C) into (D) through (C) resulting in (D) because of
03 We need not remind everyone here today that 10 Employees who are planning to extend holi¬
mobile phones and pagers should be turned day vacations with unused leave days must
off while the symposium is progress. inform their supervisors October 31 .
(A) at (B) on (A) at (B) for
(C) over (D) in (C) by (D) until
04 The BCN Company will not accept applica¬ 11 Human resources personnel are trained to tell
tions for transfers to overseas branches the differences a resolvable conflict
the first of the month. and an irresolvable confrontation.
(A) by (B) when (A) upon (B) about
(C) until (D) through (C) during (D) between
05 The Travel Holiday Group offers some of the 12 We are holding a dinner this evening to con¬
best horseback tours the coast of gratulate Mr. Brian Banks his thirty
the Eastern Mediterranean basin. years with the Meyers Cold Cuts Company.
(A) into (B) along (A) to (B) of
(C) under (D) among (C) on (D) from
06 The workshop teaches managers and em¬ 13 the last ten years, professional and
ployees how to dispute someone else's ideas business services comprised 38 percent of
being disagreeable. the total job growth in the Washington region.
(A) except (B) without (A) In (B) On
(C) whereas (D) otherwise (C) Since (D) While
07 The director wants all of the items shipped by 14 As always, we here at Gray Consulting look
the end of the week, of the cost. forward assisting you with your
(A) regardless (B) regard future legal needs.
(C) regarding (D) regarded (A) up (B) in
(C) to (D) on
184 ...
Hackers TOEIC Reading www.nhantriviet.com
15 The company's payroll office is located 18 It would be better for business if we were >
the corner of Faribault and 23rd associated some of the trade officers -o
so
Streets, across from the Trade Center. at the embassy. a-
(A) at (B) in (A) to (B) on cn
-o
(C) of (D) to (C) with (D) for
16 Wageworks Corporation is planning to lay off 19 Teen magazine is offering a special promo¬
as many as 1,000 employees the tion, which entitles subscribers gift
next two years. certificates at top clothing boutiques.
(A) at (B) by (A) in (B) on
(C) until (D) over (C) to (D) at
17 Whatever your security needs, Armed Guard 20 The manager hopes to increase production
provides 24 hours constant protection introducing bonuses for all employees
and service to our clients. who improve their production quota.
(A) around (B) of (A) by (B) from
(C) over (D) through (C) since (D) about
Part 6
PACIFIC Air Reaching for the Clouds

As long-distance travel becomes more commonplace improved living standards, airlines
21 (A) as to (B) due to
(C) in spite of (D)inplace of
are taking action to attract customers, offering them a wide range of options. PACIFIC Air with their
spectacular project are focusing on speed, safety and innovation to increase revenue.
22 (A) expansion (B) existence
(C) exception (D) experience
They have purchased five more double-deck jets and have refurbished their existing carriers with
sofas, personal computers with DVD and game playing functions. Extra security measures
23 (A) comforted (B) comfortable
(C) comfortableness (D) comfortably
include buttons under armrests which report directly to security officers in the cockpit, and a
personal phone system to make calls and speak with the flight staff. PACIFIC Air aims to attract
families and groups of four or more through these added features.
Answers: p. 551

Section 5
Conjunctions and Clauses
Chapter 17 - Coordinating Conjunctions, Correlative
Conjunctions
Chapter 18 - Noun Clauses
Chapter 19 - Relative Clauses
Chapter 20 - Adverb Clauses
Basic Points
Coordinating conjunctions, also known as coordinators, are used to join

two sentences or two parts of a sentence that are grammatically equal.
The two parts may be words, phrases, or clauses.
Use fruits and vegetables that are ripe.
The editor is responsible for collecting articles and publishing newsletters.
It was raining, so I put on my raincoat.
Repeated words in the phrases or clauses connected by a coordinating conjunction may

be omitted.
The only way to get (customers) and (to) keep customers is through service.
They painted the wall and (they) fixed the window.
Correlative conjunctions always come in fixed pairs formed by a certain

word with a coordinating conjunction, joining sentence elements that are
grammatically equal.
Tuna is sold as both steaks and fillets.
You can make your payment either in person or by mail.
It depends on neither who you are nor what you know.

01 Coordinating Conjunctio 1
II Below are the coordinating conjunctions in English.
and or but yet so for nor
Eating should be healthful and enjoyable.

I will go camping or canoeing this weekend.
There will be a party tonight, for he is retiring this week.
@ Coordinating conjunctions must be in line with the context.

I will have a sandwich tetrt a Diet Coke.
and
The context requires an addition, not a contrast, so and is the suitable coordinating conjunction.
She wants to see the play, so he prefers to watch soccer on television.

but/yet
«ÿ
He and she have different interests, so the coordinating conjunction but or yet expressing a contrast is
suitable in this context.
@ When the subjects in a sentence are joined by and, a plural verb is used. When the subjects
are joined by or, their verb must agree with the subject nearest to it.
My boyfriend and I are going to the concert.
The subjects My boyfriend and I are connected by and, so the verb is in the plural form (are).
I doubt that we or our teacher is going to solve the problem.

The subjects we and our teacher are connected by or, and our teacher is singular, so the verb is in the
singular form (is).
TOEIC Questions
Decide which of the choices - (A). iB). (C). or 2. Your promotion offer is very appealing.
(D) - best completes the sentence. I'm afraid that I can't sacrifice my
family life for my career.
1. The corporation's portfolio of clients consisted
(A) so, but
of representatives from 13 of the American
:(C|:besides;vrÿ:;-,/;';:': ; ;>.V:v/lp}:theref©re
states 25 countries worldwide.
*
-(A) :-\r. 3. Mark Melendy Scott Drake is going

- /CI bv
ÿ
to represent Balmar Associates at the branch
'
. -
\ / j "
V / '
meeting on Friday.
(A); but. .
'
. (B) and; . ;
..
.
(C)' .either ; (D) or

Answefe r.;55;1ÿ
www.nhantriviet.com Chapter 17 Coordinating Conjunctions, Correlative Conjunctions - 189

02 Correlative Conjunctions
© Below are the correlative conjunctions in English.

1 both A and B either A or B
| neither A nor B not A but B = B but not A {= (only) B, not A)
j not only A but, (also) B (= B as well as A)
--------------
i
- -- --------— --- ---------- ,
-------------
: ÿ ÿ , ÿ
Payroll is located not on the first floor but near the elevator in the basement.
The gift shop not only offered discounts but also gave away small souvenirs.
@ Every correlative conjunction must correctly be paired.

The papers are either in my briefcase and under the books on my desk.
or
Either... or... go together as a pair.
«ÿ
Jack etthef knows her nor wants to get to know her.

neither
Neither... nor... go together as a pair.
@ The subjects connected by correlative conjunctions and the verbs in sentences must agree in
number.
Verbs will agree with B not A but B either A or B neither A nor B not only A but (also) B i
! Verbs will take the plural form both A and B
Either bus or taxi is available from the airport.

In the pair either... or..., the verb must agree with the subject nearest to it. Taxi is a singular noun, so the
verb is in the singular form (is).
Both coffee and tea have long and historic pasts.
The pair both... and... requires a plural verb (have) .
fOEIC Questions
Decide which of the choices - (A), (B), (C), 2. Information will be presented on the means
or (D) - best completes the sentence. of global communication, but on
presentation technology or sales marketing.
1. You can purchase a copy of his latest
(A) for (B) nor
adventure novel either at a bookstore
(C) so (D) not
through popular bookstore
websites. 3. The director complained that the report
(A) or (B) nor submitted by the supervisor was too
(C) and fDI alsr lengthy but also too detailed.
(A) only (B) not
(C) not only (D) either
Answers: p, 55:1
1QA TOFif RpaHinn www.nhantriviet.com

HACKERS PRACTICE

=3
O
01 Brent tossed (but/and) turned all night over whether or not to quit his job. =3:
o
=3
02 She tried to reserve the hotel's conference room, (but/ however) someone had already booked it.
CO
CD
C/3
03 Online customers can now use the website's order form (or/ nor) fax for their order.
04 As coworkers, we see each other every day (and yet/therefore) we still find something to talk about.
05 John left for work early, (instead /for) he didn't want to risk being late again.
06 There are two receptionists, one by the elevator (so/and) the other next to the entrance.
07 Andrea received an excellent evaluation this year (and so/also) she is going to be given a raise.
Correct the mistakes in the following underlined parts.
08 The company lounge is open to not only administrative staff and workers.
09 I'd advise you neither to approach these clients too eagerly but rather cautiously.
10 The goal is not only to triumph and also to demoralize the competing corporations.
11 It is both you or me that has to fly to Tokyo to negotiate the contract.
12 The manager is neither receiving or returning calls this afternoon, as it's his day off.
13 If it were up to me, the office's entrance sign would be both red yet brown.
14 Your salary can be either directly deposited also picked up at the payroll office.
Answers: p. 551

1/ Time limit: 11 minute
Part 5
01 The Maxwell Byrd Company prides itself on 08 The chief executive is trying to decide whether
having established modem efficient to assign an individual an entire team
procedures unmatched in the industry. to evaluate last week's event.
(A) either (B) so (A) so (B) but
(C) and (D) too (C) or (D) nor
02 All examinees should bring a driver's 09 Better product advertising is needed that not
license or passport and a pencil to the testing only grabs the viewer's attention
center. stimulates consumer desire to spend money.
(A) or (B) and (A) or (B) but
(C) both (D) either (C) and (D) therefore
03 To prevent electricity outages in areas where 10 Candidates will be considered on the basis of
service is not readily available, use major their prior experience on their level
appliances before noon after 7 p.m. of dedication and loyalty,
(A) neither (B) nor (A) although (B) based on
(C) either (D) or (C) as well as (D) in addition
04 If you placed an order, have not 11 Your participation in support of our

received your package, please wait two charity benefit will help feed the thousands of
months from the day it was shipped before starving children our company sponsors.
making an inquiry. (A) and (B) so
(A) but (B) also (C) because (D) however
(C) then (D) even
12 The severance request has been processed by
05 The training staff was instructed neither to the head office, not by the accounting
give handouts before the sessions to department as of yet.
distribute the manuals until after the seminar (A) also (B) or
had ended. (C) but (D) unless
(A) also (B) nor
(C) or (D) and 13 At the end of Sarah's first month of employ¬
ment, the company evaluated her
06 All of the workers were warned about wearing daily performance and her total month's
masks in the laboratory, half of them production.
ignored the advisory and got sick. (A) either (B) both
(A) yet (B) by (C) plus (D) so
(C) so (D) both
14 This project began almost five months ago
07 The new interior design of the office has both is expected to be finished in
increased employee productivity December.
drawn many positive remarks from the clients. (A) or (B) so
(A) or (B) yet (C) and (D) but
(C) like (D) and

>
K
2
>
15 Our store will be refinanced, to save 18 Make sure that not only the agenda
on long-term interest rates and to ensure a the annual report have been put into the
envelopes for each of the directors as well. S
solid credit rating. o
(A) either (B) both (A) and (B) or

(C) neither (D) not only (C) but (D) so o
03
16 The company will have performance reviews 19 You can either submit your application by
over the next few weeks, the e-mail send the needed information
manager is going to inform all employees by post.
of the review process. (A) or (B) and
(A) since (B) but (C) nor (D) also
(C) or (D) so
20 All new computer technicians should receive
17 The restaurant critic advised patronizing and up-to-date training in the use and
the newly opened Greek restaurant maintenance of state-of-the-art equipment.
nor the 20-year-old grilled food eatery. (A) adequacy (B) adequate
(A) and (B) either (C) adequateness (D) adequately
(C) with (D) neither
Part 6
The Asia-Market Builders Association, Asia's oldest construction worker sourcing agency, is happy
to announce that it is . With foreign investments in China and other Asian countries
increasing, the agency is actively seeking permanent carpenters, ironworkers, and electricians.
The workers being sought, according to Mr. Hwang Wei, would be of the highest competence,
professionally and personally. Mr. Wei also said that the likelihood that these workers
22ÿ)TOt#ify-::':.!' A (B) with: r'--'-'-.
may be placed in other countries once the present projects are completed is very high. In fact, con¬
struction demand over the next five years in Asia will require as many as 10,000 well-trained builders.
As such, it is preferred that the workers who apply be very in their particular trade.
23 (A) skills (B) skillfully
(C) skilled (D) skill
Answers: p. 551

Basic Points
In a sentence, a noun clause can come in the position of the subject,

object, or complement.
What she read was a story by E.B. White.

I know that he is innocent.
My question is whether he is telling the truth.
What she read comes in the position of the subject of the first sentence. In the second
sentence, that he is innocent comes in the position of the object of the verb know. In
the last sentence, whether he is telling the truth comes in the position of the subject
complement.
A noun clause is formed by noun clause conjunction (+ subject) +

verb.
I can't tell whether you are bored or entertained.
What makes him happy is the desire for art.
Whether you are bored or entertained is the object of the verb tell. It is formed by the
noun clause conjunction (whether) + subject (you) + verb (are).
What makes him happy comes in the position of the subject of the sentence. It is
formed by the noun clause conjunction (what) + verb (makes).
Noun clause conjunctions include that, if/whether, interrogative words who, what,
which, when, where, how, why, and compound relative pronouns whoever, what¬
ever, whichever, etc.

01 Positions of Noun Clauses
0 In a sentence, a noun clause - just like a noun - can come in the position of the subject,
object, or complement.
Subject Whether we have to work or riot is unclear.
Object of a verb Daniel said that you had the file.
Object of a preposition The group talked about how the accident occurred.
Complement The problem is who will bring a car for tomorrow's trip.
@ Prepositions and object pronouns cannot come in the position of a noun clause conjunction.
The committee agreed on the next meeting would take place in Geneva.
that
The preposition on cannot introduce the noun clause the next meeting would take place in Geneva. The
noun clause starting with that must be used.
He explained tf the contract must be approved at this meeting.
that
The object pronoun it cannot introduce the noun clause the contract must be approved at this meeting.
»ÿ
The noun clause starting with that must be used.
TOEIC Questions
Decide which of the choices - (A), (B), (C), or 2. The banking industry reported the
(D) - best completes the sentence. past year saw a 10 percent increase in
international wire transfers.
1. The company's press relations officer
(A) about (B) this
confirmed Selectric, Inc. would
tr\ nrt (D) that
no longer be manufacturing pagers.
(A) about (B) of 3. Please submit your picks for employee of
/p\ /T%\ if
(UJ that
Iiia! \ U) 11 the month so that our manager can decide
will be given the award.
{Of mem
fCj who (n\
ILJI w/hilf*
Vv iliiw
Answers: p. 551
www.nh antriviet.com Chapter 18 Noun Clauses - 195

02 Noun Clauses Introduced by Tha
1
0 A noun clause introduced by that can come in the position of the subject, object of a verb,
complement, or appositive in a sentence.
Subject That he won the first prize is hardly surprising.
Object of a verb I know that you didn't lie.
Complement The best thing about this guitar is that it stays in tune.
Appositive The claim that he stole the car is true, [the claim = he stole the car]
Adjectives preceding a that-clause

be aware that be glad /'happy that be sure that
be sorry that be convinced that be afraid that
The applicant is aware that the director is not in today.

The librarian is sure that the book was stolen.
© Nouns preceding a that-clause as an appositive

fact that statement that opinion that truth that
news that report that idea that (re)assuranee that
rumor that claim that confirmation that
The radio commentator announced the news that oil prices would increase.
The entire company was surprised by the report that their factory would have to shut down.
TOEIC Questions
Decide which of the choices - (A), (B), (C), or 2. Mr. Forster was convinced his decision
(D) - best completes the sentence. to sell his shares had been the right one when
the value of the stock plunged the next day.
1. Alice Diaz was willing to work over
the weekends to ensure the success of the (A) which (B) that
ceremony is evidence of her devotion to her (C) about (D) of
work. 3. During the meeting, the manager referred to
-
/-V (B);«litÿ V .'•ÿ•••• };
the rumor
money.
the business was losing
. (A)-' then. (B) that

(C) which ÿ
(0) how . v:
Answers: p. . 551
196 - Hackers TOEIC Reading www.nhantriviet.rom

03 Noun Clauses Introduced by If/Whether i: C\
3 Both the conjunctions if and whether (or not) are used when the noun clause is formed from £
>
a Yes/No question. In a sentence, a noun clause introduced by if/whether can come in the 50
position of the subject, object, or complement

Subject Whether we succeed is not important.
o
Object of a verb I will check if the movie is playing.
Object of a preposition I can't answer the question of whether or not computers can think.
o
Complement The question is whether this is true. CD
t?' The fixed phrase whether A or B/whether or not is commonly used. If cannot replace whether.
I don't know tf she likes me or hates me.
whether
4
If cannot replace whether.
I can't tell tf or not an e-mail message is spam.

whether
If cannot replace whether.
© An if-clause can come neither in the position of a subject nor after a preposition.
If we succeed is not important.
Whether
The if-clause cannot come in the position of the subject, so If must be changed to Whether.
I'm confused about tf we should invite everyone in the class.

whether
>- The if-clause cannot come after the preposition, so if must be changed to whether.
TOEIC Questions
Decide which of the choices - (A). (B). {C). 2. She is still thinking about whether to
or (D; - best completes the sentence. boost the office's computer systems with the
latest software programs.
1. Ms. Owen still isn't sure she will
(A)m '•
(B}-':or;not' -:''
open a production plant in South America
. (GJ and ;{p)::'ahd;';rtot:':
to cut down the cost of labor.
; *
. (A)#v \ . . . : (B) though' 3. The committee is still deciding about

(C] however while to allocate funds for monthly training sessions
for employees.
(A) .(B) that
/p\
Ifcr! fDVwh'
vutun
Answers: p. 552
www.nhantriviet.com Chapter 18 Noun Clauses - 197

I04 Noun Clauses Introduced by an Interrogative ggHli
O A noun clause may be introduced by the interrogative pronoun who, whose, what, or which
that is the subject or object of the noun clause. Hence, the interrogative pronoun starts an
incomplete clause.
I don't know who typed the letter.
What he said was unclear.
I don't know which is better.
@ A noun clause may be introduced by the interrogative adjective whose, what, or which both
modifying the noun following it and starting the noun clause that comes in the position of
the subject or object of the sentence. Hence, the interrogative adjective starts an incomplete
clause.
I don't know whose car it is.
What clubs you are in is not important.
The discussion should be about which plan is better.
@ A noun clause may be introduced by the interrogative adverb when, where, how, or why. A
complete clause follows an interrogative adverb.
The child will ask when she can start piano lessons.
Where I found the book is a secret.
You need to practice how you should handle client complaints.
The shoppers wondered why the book was so expensive.
0 The noun clause interrogative word + subject + should + verb may be changed to
interrogative word + to-infinitive (phrase).
I
I have to decide what to do (= what I should do) first.
They don't know when to stop (= when they should stop).
TOEIC Questions
Decide which of the choices - (A), (B), (C), 2. To make preparations for the event, the
or (D) - best completes the sentence. caterer asked many people would be
present at the dinner.
The manager wants to know
(A\ ahni it (B) concerning
prepared the employee profiles for the
(D) what
company website, as he finds them
unprofessional and inappropriate. 3. The company's lawyer will know to do
(A) how (B) that in this situation, so let's make an appointment
(C) whic (D) whr to see him.
(A) what (B) that
(C) which (D) where \r ;:
'
Answers: p. 552
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troduced by a Compound Relative Pronoun
CTi
O A noun clause may be introduced by a compound relative pronoun coming in the position of the sub¬
ject or object of a sentence. A compound relative pronoun has a double function: it acts as the
subject /object in its own clause and it also acts as a conjunction joining its clause to the rest of the
sentence. Note that compound relative pronouns usually have no expressed antecedents.
whoever (= anyone who) whomever {= anyone whom) £=f.
O
whatever (= anything that) whichever {= anything that, anyone who)

Subject Whoever (= Anyone who) answered the phone was very polite. O
05
Object You can select whatever (= anything that) you want.
The compound relative pronoun is the subject or object of a noun clause, so an incomplete clause
follows the compound relative pronoun.
Whoever visits my website is asked for a username.
Please choose whichever theme you like.
@ The context is the factor that decides whether an interrogative pronoun or a compound relative pro¬
noun must be used.
Wb© did it was not an amateur.
Whoever
The sentence refers to anyone who did it, not someone in particular, so whoever is more suitable.
Whoever did it was not important.
Who
>- The sentence refers to someone in particular, so who is more suitable.
I'll take which side you're not using.
whichever
The sentence refers to any side that the other person is not using, so whichever is more suitable.
I have finally decided on whichever side I should choose.
which
The sentence means among several sides, Ihave chosen one specific side, so which is more suitable.
Decide which of the choices - (A), (B), (C), or (D) 2. The supervisor reminded us that needed
- best completes the sentence. a certificate of employment for personal reasons
1. is said at this very private meeting is should ask for Ms. Simon's assistance.
confidential and should not leave the room for (A) who (B) whenever
any reason. (C) whoever (D) whomever
(A) Whichever (B) Whatever 3. team of sales representatives has sold
(C) Whenever (D) However the highest number of units will receive the Team
of the Month award.
(A) Which (B) Some
(C) Whichever (D) These
Answers: p. 552
www.nhantnviet.corn Chapter 18 Noun Clauses - 199

06 Distinguishing between What and That
O A clause introduced by what functions as a noun clause, while a that-clause may function as a
noun clause, an adjective clause, or an adverb clause in a sentence,
It's hard to decide what is right to do.
»- The what-clause is a noun clause which comes in the position of the object of the verb decide.
I knew that there was a shortage of ink cartridges.

The that-clause is a noun clause which comes in the position of the object of the verb know.
I have a plan that will help you stop smoking.
The that-clause modifies the noun plan, so it is an adjective clause.
The movie was so funny that I watched it twice.

The that-clause following so /such is an adverb clause.
'*-ÿ
|> When a what-clause and a that-clause function as a noun clause, what starts an incomplete
clause and that starts a complete clause.
I want to know what makes you happy.
»- What itself is the subject of the noun clause, so it starts an incomplete clause.
That you need more money is obvious.

That starts a noun clause, so following it is a complete clause.
TOEIC Questions
Decide which of the choices - (A), (B), (C), 2. Implemented understand they cannot
or (D) - best completes the sentence. use company funds earmarked for project
expenses on rest and recreation.
1. As an advertiser, it is absolutely vital to
(A) about (B) it
understand most customers
(C) what (D) that
expect and want from manufacturers.
(B) that 3. New computer programs have made it so much
(C) what (D) whether easier to store information in databases
even a novice can compile one from a given set
of data.
(A) that (B) there
(C) what (D) when
Answers: p. 552
Hackers Skill What cannot start an adjective clause (also known as a relative clause) or an adverb
clause
i'm listening fo a CD ÿ: came out last week.
It was such a lovely day what ( - that) it was a pity to get up.

HACKERS PRACTICE
O
>
P3
01 It is definite (that/what) she will commence with the presentation tomorrow.

03
=3
CL
02 It is not certain (whose/which) of the representatives will be sent to one of our important clients. O
03
C
GO
CD
03 Investors are afraid (that /what) the war on terror will cause stock shares to plummet.
04 They questioned her regarding her skills instead of (if/whether) she had the appropriate experience.
05 (Who/Whoever) has an interest in the position of field manager should send a resume to the main
office.
06 It is difficult to know (that/what) to expect on the first day of a job.
07 He was of the opinion (that/which) the marketing team needed a new leader.
Identify the noun clause and state its position in each sentence.
o
m
O
08 Suppliers will have to decide when the time is right to make a change.
09 How the company manages to stay afloat with all its debt is a mystery.
10 The motorists were concerned about what roads had been blocked due to the accident.
11 New office chairs are what the receptionists have requested numerous times.
12 The company was founded on the idea that quality service should be provided to everyone.
13 The accountant doesn't understand why 10 percent of profit must go to pension funds.
14 The fact is that some exports will have to be cut back because of inventory shortages.
Answers: p. 552

j/
S :
Parts
01 the holiday is only going to last three 08 When questioned as to he was planning
days is a disappointment to the entire staff. to work for the competition, Mr. Graham said
(A) What (B) That he would always be loyal to Sanford and Sons.
(C) Although (D) So (A) whenever (B) while
(C) whether (D) whereas
02 Our supervisor wants to know the
final revisions will be made to the contract. 09 We want all staff to be aware security
(A) on (B) about codes will be changed on the following
(C) which (D) when Monday.
(A) concerning (B) of
03 At 6:00, club members joining the (C) that (D) which
special clambake at the beach should be at
the entrance of the Lakeside Center. 10 Please remember the vacation policy
(A) all (B) somewhat has been changed this year.
(C) when (D) whichever (A) that (B) when
(C) if (D) what
04 The major issue we face is the fact
within the next month our spending will 11 Next week's workshop will focus on
exceed the budget. to be an effective and trustworthy leader in
(A) that (B) coming from the corporate world.
(C) rather than (D) what (A) which (B) how
(C) what (D) that
05 As the manager of the hotel, I can assure you
that room you choose will be of the 12 A key to closing a deal is to realize
highest standards. knowing how to negotiate means having a
(A) these (B) some sense of how people think and feel.
(C) whose (D) whichever (A) so that (B) in that
(C) and that (D) that
06 The tailor shop is requesting the customer
to return the expensive suits were 13 Employees are reminded they should
mistakenly packed with his purchase. limit their use of office supplies, as budget
(A) what (B) whoever cuts will be taking effect immediately.
(C) this (D) that (A) if (B) that
(C) still (D) yet
07 Doctor William will give a speech at
the Remond Hotel remains undecided. 14 Although staff members have some leeway
(A) About (B) Before when it comes to daily activities, the supervisor
(C) Whether (D) It determines tasks get done by whom.
(A) when (B) whoever
(C) what (D) whose
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15 The new employees wondered 18 The chairman of Rochelle Petrochemicals is of _

o
o
they would be given health care and some the opinion the new manufacturing plant |
benefits. will not significantly affect the environment. §
(A) whom (B) if (A) then (B) that =3
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(C) that (D) what (C) how (D) when 03
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16 Martin's job is so demanding he 19 We will be holding a meeting this afternoon to

takes occasional three-day leave to get away decide needs to be revised before the
from the pressures of office work. report goes to print.
(A) that (B) there (A) what (B) those
(C) what (D) where (C) whether (D) there
17 leaves the office last will be required 20 For those who have made an investment,
to make sure all the lights are off and lock all happens during the first year is an
doors behind them. important indicator of how successful the
(A) Who
(C) Whose
(B) Whom
(D) Whoever
company will be.
(A) that
(C) what
(B) as
(D) how
i
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n
Part 6 I i
Questions 21-23 refer to the following letter. |

rt>
at
This is in reply to your letter of complaint dated September 25. We credited your account for the a.
3
IQ
amount which you disputed in your communication. However, one of our employees later gave you
another credit for the same situation. Could you check you have the correct amount in
21 (A) where (B) though
(C) whereas (D) whether
your account? To remedy the problem, we have the extra amount. The adjustment should
22 (A) withdrawn (B) retreated
(G) abolished (D) foregone
be reflected in your October account statement, which was sent out yesterday.
We apologize for our mistake and any difficulty it may have caused.
23 (A) sincerity (B) most sincere
(Q) sincere (D) sincerely . .
EMILY CAMACHO
Senior Accountant
Answers: p. 552

Basic Points
A relative clause functions as an adjective and modifies a preceding

noun (also known as an antecedent).
The woman who lives next door is kind.
I found a shop where i can get a discount.
Who lives next door and where I can get a discount function as an adjective modifying
their antecedents (the woman and a shop). These relative clauses are also called adjec¬
tive clauses.
Relative clauses are divided into two types: defining and non-defining.
A defining relative clause is used to clearly define who or what is being referred to.
Without this information, it would be difficult to know who or what is being mentioned.
A non-defining relative clause provides additional information which is not essential to
understanding the meaning of a sentence.
Defining relative clause I have two sisters who are teachers.
Non-defining relative clause I have two sisters, who are teachers.
In the first sentence, the defining clause who are teachers defines the two sisters. It can
be inferred that besides these two sisters, the speaker may also have other sisters who
are not teachers.
In the second one, the non-defining clause who are teachers adds more information to
the two sisters. It can be understood that the speaker has only two sisters and they are
both teachers.
A non-defining relative clause may modify the whole sentence before it.
Charlie became a lawyer, which surprised his friends.
A relative clause is formed by relative pronoun (subject) + verb or

relative adverb + subject + verb.
The reporter met the designer, who is now the company's president.
The bookstore has a cafe where you can enjoy classical music.
In the first sentence, the antecedent designer is modified by the relative clause formed by
the relative pronoun (who) + verb (is). Who could be seen as conjunction + pronoun (and
he/she).
In the second sentence, the antecedent a cafe is modified by the relative clause formed
by the relative adverb (where) + subject (you) + verb (can enjoy). Where could be seen as
conjunction + adverb (and there).
Relative pronouns include who, whom, whose, which, that; relative adverbs are when,
where, why, how.

rwÿÿm i el e Clause
O
23
>
O A relative clause can come between the subject and verb or at the end of a sentence.
The tourists whom Eric guided were from Germany.
I can't find the book which was on the desk,
03
=3
CL
# Other adverbs or pronouns cannot be used in place of relative adverbs or pronouns which start
a relative clause.
Fill out the application forms, these are available online.
which
The pronoun those cannot start the relative clause. The relative pronoun which must be used.
We often go to a restaurant there we can eat hearty meals.

where
ÿ*- The adverb there cannot start the relative clause. The relative adverb where must be used.
© It is important to use relative pronouns correctly. Do not confuse a relative pronoun starting a
relative clause and a conjunction starting a noun clause.
I know the boy what broke this fence.
who
This sentence needs a relative clause to modify the noun the boy, so the relative pronoun who must be
used.
I know whe the boy did to the fence.
what
This sentence needs a noun clause to be the object of the verb know, so the noun clause conjunction
what must be used.
O Only a finite verb (a verb that is conjugated) can be used in a relative clause.
The company will reply only to those who meeting our requirements.
meet
Only the finite verb meet, not the gerund meeting, can be the verb of the relative clause.
TOEIC Questions
Decide which of the choices - (A), (B). (C), or 2. Recently the director released the list of
(D) - best completes the sentence. engineers have been nominated to lead
the bridge project.
1. Most of the products and goods are
traded online are sold directly by the owner.
. :; . v fBI -those
3. Dietary supplements come from plants
are generally known to be safe, but some may
interfere with a wound's capacity to heal.
t L/ i VV i UUi I
Answers: p.552
www.n hantriviet.com Chapter 19 Relative Clauses - 205

O When the antecedent is a person, the relative pronoun who(m) is used. When the antecedent is
a thing or an animal, the relative pronoun which is used.
We are looking for someone which is intelligent and dedicated.
who
The relative pronoun who is used because the antecedent refers to a human (someone).
The files who are stacked on his desk are due next week.
which
The relative pronoun which is used because the antecedent refers to things (The files).
ÿ*-
# There are three kinds of relative pronouns: subject relative pronouns, object relative pronouns,
AnUeeoerÿ
People
' . .......
...
and possessive relative pronouns.
who i
-oieo-'
whom, who
.-cssession
whose j
Things/animais which which whose, of which J
People and things /animals that [ that '
'
1 |
I know the person who is standing in line.
The car which is in the garage is Steve's.
>-The relative pronoun who/which comes in the position of the subject of the relative clause. Hence, the
finite verb is follows who/which.
The girl (whom/who) I met yesterday is my best friend.
He took the medicine (which) the doctor prescribed.
>- The relative pronoun whom/who/which comes in the position of the object of the relative clause. Hence, a
subject (l/the doctor) and a finite verb (met/ prescribed) follow whom/who/which. In this case, the object
relative pronoun whom/who/which can be omitted.
I had to meet with my neighbor, whose dog I have been watching.
The students are writing a report, the topic of which is Korean history.
The possessive relative pronoun whose modifies the noun dog. If the antecedent is a thing (a report), of
which can replace whose and be put after the noun it modifies.
TOEIC Questions
Decide which of the choices - (A), (B), (C), 2. Gecko is an organization mission is to
or (D) - best completes the sentence. provide financial relief to families left homeless by
natural disasters.
Any contract is not signed by the
members of the Board of Directors would (A) which '
(B) that ""
have no legal power even though its terms whom \u) wnose
may have already been executed. 3 jqÿ candidates are presently unemployed
(A) who (3) which or are studying to obtain a degree must furnish
(C) whom (D) of which this information on their application forms.
(A) who (B) which
(C) whom (D) whose
Answers: p. 552
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O
>
O Preposition + relative pronoun
When the noun in the first sentence and the object of the preposition in the second sentence refer to
o
the same person/thing, the two sentences may be joined into a complex sentence using the structure o
=3
preposition + relative pronoun.

ran into a woman. + I had worked with her. |
ÿ
I ran into a woman whom I had worked with. |_
O
1 ran into a woman with whom I had worked. &
An appropriate preposition will be used depending on the meaning of the antecedent or the verb in the
relative clause.
I had a holiday during which I was able to see my family. (<=ÿ during the holiday)
This is the book about which we talked yesterday. ($=> talk about)
A complete clause follows the structure preposition + relative pronoun.
You have a sponsor to whom you must submit a report.
@ Indefinite pronoun + of + relative pronoun

one /each some /any3 many /much /most , , , , u- l. /whose
, u ,
„„ , , + of + relative pronoun (whom /which + noun)
all /both several half /the rest
The program enrolls 20 students. + All of the students are women.

——The program enrolls 20 students, and all of them are women.
The program enrolls 20 students, all of whom are women.
# Omitting subject relative pronouns

The subject relative pronoun in the structure subject relative pronoun + be may be omitted.
The place (which was) chosen for the reception is beautiful.
I want to know the person (who is) responsible for this mess.
The park (which is) around my house is open for day use only.
»- In the above relative clauses, which was, who is, which is may be omitted. Only the key words - the past
participle chosen, the adjective responsible, and the prepositional phrase around my house - remain.
TOEIC Questions
Decide which of the choices - (A), (B), (C), or 2. There were more than 100 graduate students
(D) - best completes the sentence. in attendance at our internship fair, many of
had prior work experience.
1. Electronic delivery methods such as e-mail (D\
(A) who i) whom
and fax are the most common ways
(C) therr
which international communications are made
these days. 3, Of the three applicants for appointment
(A)
v V to (B) for to a managerial position, two have worked in
iKJ./> rw
//"NX L., ,
H hJ y of an international setting.
(A) eligibility
(C) eligibly f I IC7"
Answers: p. 552
www.rihaHtriviet.corn Chapter 19 Relative Clauses - 207

04 Relative Adverb
© Different relative adverbs are used depending on the antecedents.

r::C'"-0C!0 '".'S
Time [day, year, time] j
when
Reason [the reason] i why
Place [place, building] ; where I
Thursday is the last day when classes meet.
The place where I had lunch has a great salad bar.
The article explains the reason why customers are so indecisive.
® Relative adverbs may be replaced by the structure preposition + relative pronoun.

The conditions where (= in which) the laborers work are unacceptable.
The day when (= on which) he proposed to me was the best day of my life.
# A complete clause follows a relative adverb; an incomplete clause follows a relative pronoun.
Tomorrow is the last time when we will be able to see each other before you go.
The complete clause follows the relative adverb when.
That is the boy who broke my window.

The incomplete clause follows the relative pronoun who.
TOEIC Questions
! Decide which of the cho'ces - (A). (B). (C). or 2. The new shuttle service, has been
(D) - best completes the sentence. operating since last year, serves all of the
city's main stopping points.
1. Any person would like to visit the
exhibition must have a written statement of
(A) who (B) which
(C) what (D) where
permission from administration.
(A) who (B) when 3. She applied to the company she had
(C) which (D) whose previously worked when just out of university.
(A) which (B) when
(C) of which (D) where
Answers: p. 552

HACKERS PRACTICE
o
2
>
01 Mr. Gomez is familiar with Asian culture, (which/they) will help him as the liaison for Hong Kong.
05
ZJ
£L
02 All applicants (which/who) are waiting in line must have their documents ready. O
03
03 Any staff writer (whose/that) proposal is selected for funding will receive an all-paid vacation.
04 The company purchased mobile communication devices (those/that) serve both as phones and
e-mail portals.
05 Customers (who/they) wish to sign up for a store membership may stop by the information desk.
06 Working for the firm allows you to purchase stock options (which/who) are offered as incentives.
07 People (whom/whose) names are on the waiting list must call again tomorrow.
08 On your desk is the receipt for the airline tickets where must be picked up tomorrow.
09 The number of entertainment programs that is directed at young adults is steadily increasing.
10 The upcoming workshop is the first one that the company having organized.
11 Miscommunication between coworkers is a problem when has caused a lot of tension in the office.
12 The main building, that houses the superior officers, has an electronically monitored gate.
13 The company manufactures diet pills and sleeping tablets, both of them are top sellers.
14 The surroundings where the employees work are pleasant.
Answers; p. 552
wwwjihantriviet.com Chapter 19 Relative Clauses - 209

i, l-:
Part 5
01 The director developed a list of criteria for 08 Mr. Thompson collected a list of employees
development, he feels will boost the were unable to attend the official
company's prestige. company picnic.
(A) which (B) that (A) whose (B) who
(C) what (D) who (C) whom (D) whoever
02 A conference to discuss the terms of the 09 Enclosed with this letter is a pre-addressed,
settlement will be held at a time and place stamped envelope to mail your
to both parties involved. application for membership to our club.
(A) acceptance (B) acceptingly (A) which (B) in which
(C) accept (D) acceptable (C) what (D) whenever
03 Interpid T ravel employed eight certified 10 The company is requesting that high-level
agents, all of were trained at the executives complete a survey details
same institute in Manhattan. what their main tasks consist of.
(A) what (B) whom (A) who (B) why
(C) this (D) their (C) which (D) where
04 Conference attendees confirm their 11 The package was sent to Mr. Jones
attendance early will be eligible for pre- was returned to us when the mail carrier
assigned seating. could not locate the address on the shipping
(A) whose (B) what label.
(C) who (D) whom (A) when (B) who
(C) what (D) that
05 At a meeting yesterday, we studied the most
recent budget proposal, the board 12 GasCo sells more than 8 million gallons of oil
thinks will help pull the corporation out of debt. a year, half of is consumed in the
(A) whether (B) where United States alone.
(C) which (D) that (A) many (B) which
(C) each (D) whose
06 Changes in our organizational structure
have created ways for employees to explore 13 Please tell the person in charge to let us
opportunities were previously not know the assessment forms have
available. been completed by the participants.
(A) what (B) those (A) when (B) that
(C) that (D) there (C) what (D) whatever
07 People entering business administration need 14 A dinner will take place next Friday to honor
a broad knowledge of the culture in Richard Perkins, has been a great
they will eventually put their professional asset to this bank for over thirty years.
training to work. (A) who (B) which
(A) which (B) that (C) whose (D) of which
(C) whom (D) whose
210 Hackers TOEIC Readirto www.n hantriviet.com

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15 When the director asked respon¬ 18 The Mother Nature Garden Show,
sibility the project was, he was told that it was annually demonstrates the newest technology a
o
the CEO's. in horticulture, draws over 5,000 attendees s
(A) who (B) which during its week-long run. 03
=5
CL
(B) which o
(C) whose (D) that (A) when S3
(C) where (D) whose

16 Mr. McKenzie has been working on
the campaign longer than anyone else will 19 We are currently seeking a partner firm
take charge of the project. marketing principles are similar to
(A) whom (B) whose our own.
(C) who (D) which (A) who (B) which
(C) whose (D) where
17 Only Speedy Shipping offers a variety of
delivery options utilize both air and 20 An employee performance during
sea transportation. a specified period is satisfactory is entitled
(A) why (B) that to a wage increase based on current pay
(C) where (D) what standards.
(A) who (B) whom
(C) whose (D) in which
Part 6
Date: December 8
From: lcollins@squaresystems.com
To: rafael@squaresystems.com
Re: Press conference
Rafael,
The correct date for the press conference is on December 16. In my last communication, I
21 (A) consequently (B) properly
(C) mistakenly (D) substantially
told you that it would be on December 12. I got the date mixed up with an appointment I have with
a reporter from Business Week. You probably already know that Alan and I arranged for
22 (A) have (B) to have
having had , (D) would haveC
special bus service between the hotel where the conference will be held and our offices. This is to
facilitate the transport of staff, guests and equipment to the hotel. I'm trying to verify the names of
the delegates
'
23''-(A)-:whose :•
(C) which
.whom
..(D) who
.
of seats. Could you send me this list as soon as possible?

'
.......
will be using the service to make certain that we have a sufficient number
;.•"•••'••'•;:
Answers: p. 552
www.nhantriviet.com Chapter 19 Relative Clauses - 211

Basic Points
An adverb clause is a dependent clause functioning as an adverb in a

sentence, it indicates time, place, condition, etc.
Please call me before you leave.

If he falls, he will get hurt.
Before you leave and If he falls are adverb clauses of time and condition. Without
them, the sentences are still complete and make sense.
An adverb clause is formed by adverb clause conjunction + subject +

verb.
Once you have time, pay a visit to your grandmother.
The adverb clause in the sentence is formed by the adverb clause conjunction (once) +
subject (you) + verb (have).
Conjunctions that start an adverb clause include once, when, if, although, because,
whatever, etc.
In case the verb in the adverb clause is be, subject + be may be omitted.
I would like to get it done today if (it is) possible.
212 - Hackers TOEIC Reading www.n hantriviet.co m

01 Positions and Functions of Adverb Clauses H er>
70
>
An adverb clause is a dependent clause that comes before or after the main clause. S
>
73
In case we don't get in touch next week, I'll see you after the holidays.
O
I like to have a cup of coffee while I'm getting ready in the morning. O
E±
O
# An adverb clause functions as an adverb, which cannot be confused with a noun clause func¬ =3
tioning as a noun.
o
Adverb clause I will lend you money if you pay me back tomorrow. 03
Noun clause I demand that you pay me back.

*- The adverb clause functions as an adverb of condition, while the noun clause functions as a noun coming
in the position of the object of the verb demand.
© An adverb clause cannot be confused with a relative clause modifying a noun.

Adverb clause She began cleaning when she learned that visitors were coming.
Relative clause Our home is a warm place where we can enjoy each other's company in safety.
adverb clause does not modify any noun, while the relative clause modifies the antecedent a warm
place.
O An adverb clause conjunction may also start a participial phrase (V-ing, p.p.).
After buying food at the market, he prepared himself a delicious meal.
The oil will burn quickly unless placed on a low flame.
-a- The adverb clause conjunction after/unless starts the participial phrase buying food at the market/placed
on a low flame.
wnen since
,ÿr
TOEIC Questions
Decide which of the choices - (A), (B), (C), 2. the minimum wage has increased in
or (D) - best completes the sentence. some countries over the past few years, it is
still below poverty level in many places.
the marketing head transfers to
(A) However (B) That
Singapore, there will be an open position
(C) Whereas (D) Despite
at the main office.
(A) (B) Wherever 3. Customers who hear music on an open tele¬
fr.) (D) Whom phone line placed on hold are less
likely to hang up.
fftj TO (B) as
(C) nearby (D) while
Answers; p. 552
www.rihantriviet.com Chapter 20 Adverb Clauses 213

—
Conjunctions in Adverb Clauses of Time
O Below are some common conjunctions in adverb clauses of time.

Conjunctions
; until He was not allowed to play he had done his homework.
: before They lit the candles vs r.. they turned out the lights,
I when the doctor made the diagnosis, the patient was shocked.
7v;-,3:~:
; as \ waiting for her son, Mrs. Cosby read a magazine.

; while When is used to indicate the lime of which an event starts; while is used when I
; even as two actions happen simultaneously for some time. j
ÿ
since 1 haven't eaten anything o:,;:;? I got home last night. j

i after They left the theater -n?:' the singer gave an encore. j
: once We will send your shipment ~ we confirm payment. j
: as soon as They stopped working v.- -c dusk settled in.
ÿ-ÿÿÿÿ
I
; (= immediately after)
# In adverb clauses of time, the present simple tense is used instead of the future simple tense.
They hope to finish the report before the library vvfH-ÿisse.
closes
->- The present simple tense (closes), not the future simple tense (will close), is used in the adverb clause of
time.
TOEIC Questions
Decidc which of the choices - (A). (Bj. (C). or 2. Staff members have reported hundreds of
(D) - best completes the sentence. phono calls Ihe promotion was aired
on television and radio a few hours ago.
1. all of the appropriate paperwork has
been filed, you will be officially registered as (A) by berore
an accountant at this firm. xk.,} past {u} since
{&) \A/iÿorhp|- Qnpp

3. Patrons who arrive more than twenty minutes
ÿ'J; the opera begins should wait in the
lobby until the doors to the main hall are
opened.
Answers: p. 553

D3 Conjunctions in Adverb Clauses of Condition and Concession
o
Below are some common conjunctions in adverb clauses of condition.

Conjunctions
if :f you would like a confirmation call, please include your phone number.
; unless {= If ~ not) Let's go to the movies tomorrow, unio.ÿ you have other pians.
; as long as You can use my car i; as you take good care of it.
i providing /provided (that) You will get a discount p.c-vi'ilng you purchase two sets. o
; on condition that Refunds are offered : purchases are returned within two weeks. £3
; only if
; in case (that) We have a back-up speaker a\ : Mr. Sanchez arrives late.
:• in the event (that) Call a customer representative immediately =;> in-- avsp-; ->>£1 your credit
card is stolen.
ÿ/ Irs case (that) and in the event (thai) are used for saying what will happen
in a particular situation.
® Below are some common conjunctions in adverb clauses of concession.
although, though, even if, Although- he promised to come early, :he was late again.
even though
whereas, while The manager is aggressive, his assistant is soft-spoken.
TOEIC Questions
Decide which of the choices - (A). (B). (C). or 2. The CEO has decided to bring Perry James
(D) - best completes the sentence. along on his business trip he is
inexperienced and underqualified.
1. The value of the dollar will continue to drop
the American economy undergoes a
dramatic revival.
3. Please refor to the enclosed manual or call one
of our technicians you are unable to
fine-tune your device.
Answers: p. bod
www.nhantriviet.com Chapter 20 Adverb Clauses - 215

. Conjunctions in Adverb Clauses of Reason, Purpose, Result,
Exception and Others
O Below are some common conjunctions in adverb clauses of reason, purpose, and result.
Conjunctions Examples
because, as: since You should ask Mr. Carter sines he is the expert.
, now that Now thai we are all here, let's begin the meeting.
. in that We are different in thai you prefer to keep your opinions to yourself.
: so that, in order that He made changes in the presentation so that it could be more easily understood.
;
so /such - that Miguel was so tired from studying that he fell asleep in the library.
It was such a clear day that we could see the far-off mountains.
@ Except that, but that

I have no problem with Daniel except that he never shows up on time.
® As if, as though, (just) as

It seemed as though there was something wrong with Jeff today.
Given that, considering (that)

It is surprising how well Michael is doing, considering that he only got out of the hospital last week.
TOEIC Questions
Decide which of the choices - (A), (B), (C), or 2. A number of our staff were late coming to the
(D) - best completes the sentence. office today the eastbound A-train got
stuck on the tracks.
A gathering of all the company's senior
managers has been arranged
(A) if . (B) because
we
(C) that (D) unless
can discuss problems involving customer
dissatisfaction. 3. that exports have failed to recover
(A) in order (B) so that the economy, the government is appealing to
(C) because (D) such corporate entities for help.
(A) Considering (B) Even so
in case (D) Unless
216 ... Hackers TOEIC Reading

Answers: p. 553
www.nhantriviet.com
05 Compound Relative Adverbs /Pronoun 1 >
9 An adverb clause may also be introduced by a compound relative adverb.
, whenever (= at any time when, no matter when)
: wherever (= at any place where, no matter where)
however (= by whatever means, no matter how) : §.
3
We were greeted with smiles wherever (= at any place where) we went in that small town. |
You can visit our office whenever (= no matter when) you want. o
However (= No matter how) much that house is, I'm willing to pay the price. |
a- |n case however means no matter how, it can be replaced by the structure however + adjective /adverb +
subject + verb.
# The compound relative pronouns whoever, whatever, whichever may also start an adverb
clause.
whoever (= no matter who)
whatever (= no matter what)
:
whichever {= no matter which) :
Whoever (= No matter who) calls on the phone, tell them I'm coming back from my trip tomorrow.
cf. Whatever we have to do is alright with me.
In this sentence, whatever starts the noun clause as the subject of the sentence. Compound relative
pronouns are presented in Chapter 18 - Noun Clauses.
TOEIC Questions
Decide which of the choices - (A), (B), (C), or 2. much your company is paying you, I
(D) - best completes the sentence. can guarantee twice that salary if you work for
us.
1. We at Grayson Automotive would appreciate
(A) Whatever (B) However
it if you would fill out this service evaluation
(C) Whichever (D) Whenever
it is convenient for you.
3. Electronic communications make it possible
to do business you are in the world,
whether in or out of the country.
(A) whenever (B) whomever
Answers: p. 553
www.nhantriviet.com Chapter 20 Adverb Clauses - 217

06 Adverb Clause Conjunctions vs. Prepositions I
o Below are some adverb clause conjunctions and prepositions that may easily cause confusion.
Meanings Adverb clause conjunctions
J when in, at
; while during
by the time, until by, until
after, before following, after, before
once, as soon as on/upon + V-ing
since since
Condition unless without
in case (that), in the event (that) in case of, in the event of
Concession although, even though, while despite, in spite of
Reason because, as, since because of, due to
Purpose so that, in order that so as to /in order to + V
Exception except that, but that y except (for), but (for)
Others given that, considering (that) given, considering
whether regardless of
as if, as though like
as
# An adverb clause conjunction starts a clause, while a preposition comes before a noun or
noun phrase.
The meeting was postponed because Mr. Stanley had urgent business to attend to.
The meeting was postponed because of urgent matters.
The adverb clause conjunction because starts the clause, while the preposition because of comes before
the noun phrase urgent matters.
TOEIC Questions
Decide which of the choices - (A), (B), (C), or 2. Housing prices stabilized interest
(D) - best completes the sentence. rates on mortgages rose sharply due to the
overall economic fluctuation.
1. Our office can begin filling out the order
(A) during (B) in addition ;:
the completed request form and
(C) while (D) meantime T,;;
instructions are sent via fax.
(A) once (B) just 3. the company has been selling the
(C) upon (D) still same product for thirty years, it is still popular
with consumers all over the country.
(A) In spite of (B) Nevertheless
(C) Therefore (D) Although
Answers: p. 553
218 - Hackers TOEIC Readinq www.nharitriviet.com

HACKERS PRACTIC- -ÿ
tr>
TO
>
01 (As/For) my car broke down, I missed the meeting.

a,
o
02 (Also/Although) his opportunities are wide open, he'd like to stay with the small company. 03
03 We can't confirm your order (until/while) you provide a transaction receipt.
04 (Even though/In spite of) the restaurant is always crowded, people still wait in line to be able to
get a table.
05 Please provide an e-mail address with unlimited storage (therefore /in case) we have to send large
files.
06 The library will be open to the public by February (so/if) the remodeling is completed before the
second week of January.
07 Mr. Anderson has been given his own office (so that/ hence) he can work in peace.
08 They moved into the office even the electricity had not been turned on yet.
09 Despite the director retired last week, nobody has taken his place as of yet.
10 Total profit rose by 20 percent during Mr. Jameson acted as president of the company.
11 The assembly line was stopped although a machine broke down.
12 The hostess will mail out the invitations as soon they arrive from the printing shop.
13 We have to postpone the picnic while the weather forecaster said it would rain.
14 Nobody will be permitted inside this building unless when accompanied by a security guard.
Answers: p. 553
www.nhantriviet.com Chapter 20 Adverb Clauses -219

Time limit; 1T mirtOtes
Part 5
01 The telephone information service is available 08 The company decided to change its policy
round the clock it is a special holiday. regarding holiday breaks the labor
(A) regardless (B) whether union initiated a strike.
(C) despite (D) even if (A) while (B) where
(C) when (D) whether
02 The new work schedule cuts back on extra
hours improving employee efficiency 09 Frank prefers having a quick meal at
with longer lunch breaks, his desk, Carl would rather have a leisurely
(A) while (B) but lunch at a good restaurant.
(C) after (D) since (A) As soon as (B) While
(C) Because of (D) However
03 At this company, quarterly bonuses are
awarded, all of the sales goals 10 Mr. Gonzales should inform his assistant
are met. about his schedule he is planning
(A) so as (B) depending on a business trip to Tokyo with the rest of the
(C) rather than (D) provided that marketing team.
(A) so (B) if
04 The loan agency has been closed for inves¬ (C) that (D) due to
tigation claims were made that the
owner dipped into overhead funds. 11 deciding whether or not to purchase
(A) when (B) due to an investment property, it is important to
(C) in spite of (D) since consider the terms of investment and the
ongoing costs.
05 We will hold a workshop more than (A) Whatever (B) However
ten employees register. (C) Whichever (D) Whenever
(A) while (B) before
(C) if (D) because 12 Harold Grist became the company's top senior
manager successfully leading the firm
06 The club is so exclusive that visitors are through a period of near bankruptcy.
not permitted to use its services (A) with (B) in
accompanied by a member. (C) after (D) like
(A) without (B) otherwise
(C) but (D) unless 13 Employees are being asked to pull overtime
the current project has been
completed.
07 Some of the suggestions proposed by
the assistant manager had to be declined (A) while (B) until
they did not reflect the company's (C) during (D) upon
approach to employee relations.
(A) unless (B) rather than 14 you sign the document, you should
(C) because (D) anyway carefully review the details of the contract.
(A) Because (B) Since
(C) Before (D) While

2
>
o
15 This color copier will last beyond its warranty 18 the bank approves his application for o
=3
the machine is periodically maintained a small business loan, Gary intends to open
and worn-out parts are replaced. his shop by the end of the year.
(A) whereas (B) in case (A) Providing (B) Nevertheless
o
(C) unless (D) as long as (C) The fact what (D) Until
16 accompanied by an adult, children 19 Included in this month's subscription is a

under the age of twelve are admitted free into coupon for a discounted year membership
the museum. you can introduce our magazine to
(A) With (B) When your friends.
.........
(C) Only (D) By (A) in order (B) so that
(C) in addition to (D) such as
17 An additional 78,000 job opening is available
for entry-level workers increasing 20 the raw material needs of the
foreign investments have spurred companies company, we have had to explore other
to establish new factories. means to obtain the supplies we require.
(A) that (B) if (A) Consider (B) Considered
(C) as (D) which (C) Considering (D) Consideration
Part 6
Date: August 9
From: bpitt@pantheonfurniture.com
To: fdylan@pantheonfurniture.com
Re: Policy change
Hi Frank,
Please note that beginning August 15, Pantheon Furniture a policy change ensuring our
21 (A) implements (B) have implemented
(C) will implement (D) imptemented
customers that any item they buy from our warehouse is of excellent quality. From that date, most
merchandise can be returned within three months. A full refund will be guaranteed, the
22 (A) provided (6} once
(C) while (D) though
item being returned does not show any sign of damage or overuse. We have written up specific
guidelines as to what merchandise is covered by the policy adjustment. We request all supervisors
to inform their staff of the policy and take steps to ensure that it will be complied with.
23 (A) close (Z] ~:cV i
(C) new ~ez'cst
Barbara
Answers: p. 553
www,nhantriviet,corn Chapter 20 Adverb - 221

Ill www.nhantriviet.com
Special Structures
Chapter 21 -- Comparison
'"hqntfir 00 r:.: j.
Basic Points
Comparison is used to say how things or people are similar and how
they are different. There are three types of comparison.
The comparison of equality is used to compare two people or things that are equal in
quantity or characteristics,
Peter is as old as John.
The comparative is used to compare two people or things that are not equal in quantity
or characteristics.
Peter is ;
John.
The superlative is used to indicate that one person or thing has the highest degree of
quantity or characteristics when compared with the whole group.
Peter is the oldest man in the band.
In these examples, different structures with the adjective old are shown. Generally,
adjectives and adverbs can be used in comparison.
An adjective or adverb has different forms in the comparison of equality,

the comparative, and the superlative.
For an adjective /adverb that consists of only one syllable, or two syllables ending in -er,
-y, -ow, -some, the comparisons are as follows.
Comparison of equality Comparative Superlative
(adjective /adverb + -er) (the + adjective /adverb + -est)
old older the oldest
clever cleverer the cleverest
For an adjective /adverb that consists of two syllables ending in -able, -ful, -ous, -ive,
or more than two syllables, the comparisons are as follows.
(more + adjective /adverb) (the + most + adjective /adverb)
useful more useful the most useful
important more important the most important
Below are some irregular adjectives /adverbs in comparison.
Super
good /well better the best
bad/badly worse the worst
many/ much more the most
little less the least
late later/latter the latest/last
224 - Hackers lOEiC Reading www.nhantriviet.com

01 Comparison of Equaiit I cn
II The comparison of equality is used to compare two people or things that are equal in quantity >
or characteristics. The structure is as + adjective/adverb + as.
Her hair was as black as coal. CO
The order was shipped as quickly as possible to the customer. CD

O
an
—
e
CD
s
# A quantifier must be used in the comparison of equality in the structure as + many/much/few/

little + noun + as.
I ate asÿDotato chips as you did.
many
Please complete asÿnformation as possible.
much
?i». jhe quantifier many/ much must be used before the nouns in the comparison of equality because the
structure as + noun + as is incorrect.
# Another form of the comparison of equality is the structure the same (+ noun) + as.
Nelly has the same dress as I do.
Nelly's dress is the same as mine.
o Some adverbs that can modify adjectives or adverbs in the comparison of equality are nearly,
almost, just.
The book, the second in a series, is nearly as exciting as the first.
TOEIC Questions
Decide which of the choices - (A), (B), (C), or (D) 2. Studies have proven that laborers work
- best completes the sentence. twice hours on average as skilled
professionals in any field.
1. Management has decided to rotate workers to
(A) much (B) more
keep the assembly line running as as
(C) as many (D) more than .
possible.
(A) efficiency (B) efficiently 3. In order to serve you best, we ask that you
(C) more efficient (D) efficient take the time to fill out our questionnaire in
detail as possible.
(A) as (B) more
(C) as much (D) many
Answers: p. 553
.nhantriviet.com Chapter 21 Comparison - 225

02 Comparativ I
IIThe comparative is used when two people or things are compared. The structure is compara¬
tive form of adjective /adverb + than.
Last month's test was harder than this one is.
She acted more cleverly than usual.
cf. The lesson we took up in class today was harder.
hard
a- When there is only one person or thing, the comparative cannot be used.
I! For referring to an amount or a number that is larger/smaller than another, larger/smaller than
before, or larger/smaller than expected, the structure more/fewer/ less + noun + than is used.
More participants than last year came to the convention.
# The definite article the is not used in the comparative, but it must be used in the following
cases:
The + comparative, the + comparative
The more you eatÿfatter you will become.
the
This structure is known as double comparative. There must be the and the comparative form of the
adjective. If not, the sentence will be wrong.
The + comparative + of the two
Daniel isÿmore intelligent of the two.
tne
Between the two people, Daniel is more intelligent. There must be the and the comparative form of
the adjective. If not, the sentence will be wrong.
0 The adverbs much, even, still, far, a lot, by far are added to emphasize the comparative
structure.
The effort you spent on achieving your dreams is much more valuable than the dream itself.
—
TOEIC Questions
Decide which of the choices - (A), (B), (C), or 2. we put off finishing these cases, the
(D) - best completes the sentence. more work there will be to do over the weekend.
Unfortunately the shipment will be delayed,
as our factory is experiencing more
technical problems we anticipated. 3. Sending the memos by fax is far than
attempting to deliver them by express mail.
(A) quickest (B) quickly
(C) quicker (D) quick
Answers: p. 553
Hackers Skill If there is than in a sentence, the adjective must be In the comparative form, and if there
is the comparative form in a sentence, than, not any other words, must be used.
This apple is sweet (-— sweeter) than the one I ate yesterday.
We spent more money when /as (— than) expected on travel.
226 - Hackers TOEIC Readme www.nhantriviet.com

03 Superlativ
© The superlative is used when more than two people or things are compared. The structure is
superlative form of adjective /adverb + noun + of ~/in -/that-clause.
He is the funniest boy of all the children. CO
-o
CD
It is the thickest book in the world.
It is the most informative documentary (that) I've ever seen. CO
of. The responses of the interviewee made the manager skeptical.

quick
When the phrase starting with of does not refer to a group of comparative people or things, the superlative
cannot be used.
© The superlative adjective is always preceded by the, or sometimes, a possessive adjective.

Snoopy wa§,jriost favorite cartoon character when I was a kid.
the/ my
ÿ The /my is needed before the superlative adjective.
© By far and quite are the adverbs used to emphasize the superlative adjective/ adverb.
He was by far the worst roommate.
FOE1C Questions
Decide which of the choices - (A), (B), (C), or 2. Although less popular than the phonograph, the
(D) - best completes the sentence. projection box was the of the home
viewing devices available In the early 1900s.
1. Of the many laborers at this plant, the
highly skilled will be transferred (lY
/\Uj CM l/ÿOCNOOfl II
!1 lUol. bUUUc.boiUI'.
to a newly opened facility.
(A) so . . . (0) most 3. Erickson Brands offers customers the
(C) such . (D) much . . . variety of cellular phone accessories in the
marketplace.
(A) wider ~
(B) more' widely-' -' "
(C) most widely (D) widest

'
' " '
Answers: p. 553
When there is of ~. in ~ . or that-ciause referring to a whole group, the superlative
....
Hackers bzl\\
form is expected in Ihe sentence.
Bill is the slower (-- slowest) of all the typists.
This building is the tan ( tallest) that I have ever seen.
www.nhantrlviet.com Chapter 21 Comparison - 227

04 Other Structures of Comparisor
Other comparative structures
Examples
more than + noun There are -
,/ 10,000 books in the library.
-
less than + noun . five percent of the subscribers chose not to renew.
ÿ
* More than and less than also come before an adjective to emphasize it.
The meal he had at the cafeteria left him more tr satisfied.
no later than The supervisor expects us to come in to work no lan 7:00.
no longer Mary - uses make-up.

no sooner ~ than ÿ
- - did Pete put the phone down than it rang again.

other than cornflakes, crispy bacon is her favorite breakfast food.
"
rather than The demonstrator stood his ground '

run away like the others.
would rather ~ than I read a book at home . watch a movie at the theater.
|§ The comparison of equality and the comparative may also be used to replace the superlative
form.
Comparative + than any other ~
This show is the-funniest than any other sitcom on TV.
funnier
This sentence is equivalent to This show is the funniest among all sitcoms on TV.
Have + never/ hardly /rarely + been + comparative
Herbs have never been more popular than they are now.
No other - /nothing + as + adjective + as
No other — /nothing + comparative + than
No other sitcom is as funny as this show.
When it comes to investing, nothing is more important than experience.
TOEIC Questions
Decide which of the choices - (A), (B), (C), 2. I would rather make the reservation now
or (D) - best completes the sentence. risk not getting a ticket down the road.
(A) than (B) else
Customers wanting refunds must bring in
(C) whereas (D) rather
the product and its receipt one
week after the date of purchase. 3. Garson's Manufacturing boasts in its advertise¬
(A) no more than (B) no later than ment that it can produce steel rods than
(C) no later as (D) no more as any other producer in the business.
(A) fast (B) faster
(C) fastest (D) the fastest
Answers: p. 553
228 - Hackers TOEIC Reading .com

ÿ
r„ÿc "-r-ÿ:v.;E
CD

CO
-O
01 Due to flight cancellations, the convention will be held tomorrow rather (as/than) today.
02 Second-hand car parts were obtained (easiest/more easily) in the past than they are now,
03 Club members are allowed to join the raffle contest as (often /more often) as they wish,
04 (Hardly/ No sooner) had the package arrived than we received a call from the sender.
05 Mr. Hanson's proposals are (by far/far) the most far-sighted and well-balanced of all the propositions
submitted.
06 Purchasing the entire program is less costly (than/rather) buying and installing components
separately,
07 I believe Mr. Smith would be (much /just) as competent as the other candidate.
08 The nearer you live to a major transportation facility, more costly your home will be.
09 Although the building had been remodeled, the windows were the same style to the previous ones.
10 Martha is the more talented designer that I have ever encountered.
11 Buying commodities in bulk is more economically than making several trips to get the same item.
12 The turnout for the grand opening was even greater when anticipated.
13 Please bring as much samples as you can to the interview.
14 The number of people interested in world affairs is much high than it was three years ago.
Answers: p. 553
www.nhantrivietcom Chapter 21 Comparison - 229

A c U :C.
5 L» . -w
( i-jTime limit: 1:1 minutes
Part 5
01 Improving our customer outreach program 08 Due to the alleged scandal, the corporation
is important than reorganizing our was receiving more attention that
office system right now. which was good for business.
(A) better (B) more (A) so (B) such
(C) well (C) too (D) than
02 Recent changes in the regulations and 09 In the field of industrial arts and applied
procedures at the American embassy have sciences, there are positions open
made it to get a visa in a timely for entry-level candidates.
manner. (A) lesser (B) fewer
(A) such difficult (B) not difficult (C) sort of (D) much
(C) fewer difficult (D) more difficult
10 Piles of old newspapers must be stacked
03 A meeting sometime after the project deadline and tied as as possible before being
fits for my schedule than trying to loaded into the truck and brought to the plant.
have one this week. (B) tighter
(B) jhtly
in
'ÿ) any better (D) any good
11 Bringing all of the brochure and website
04 At this firm, young, motivated candidates who information up to date is the task the
show enthusiasm have value as office team has ever faced.
experienced professionals. (A) challenged (B) challenging
a lot (B) also (C) more challenged (D) most challenging
iw as much
/rn (D) so many
12 The senior officers have decided that the
05 It is the company's position that moving into a current computers are adequate for
market with competition will result in what the staff must accomplish daily.
greater gains. (A) enough poorly (B) too much
(A) a few (B) least (C) more than (D) such
(C) often (D) less
13 Of the two machine operators, the
06 did the manager leave on vacation qualified will be the one to run the new
than the most important client walked in equipment in the factory.
seeking an urgent consultation. (A) much (B) lot
(A) Sooner (B) No sooner (C) better (D) so
(C) The sooner (D) Any sooner
14 Installing a new blower for an air ventilation
07 The company is currently much than system may seem expensive but actually
it was five years ago. costs in the long run than repairing
(A) weaker (B) weakest an existing one.
(C) weak (D) weakness (A) less (B) lesser
(C) lessen (D;
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n
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15 The more a camera is, the more 18 Orders are filtered to separate departments CO
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the customers are willing to spend on the when they arrive given to the CD
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features that it provides. shipping personnel right away. CO
(A) sophisticate (B) sophisticated (A) than (B) rather

(C) sophisticating (D) sophistication (C) rather as (D) rather than
16 Commercial businesses are pleased that with 19 This is to remind you that employees are
the current state government, taxes have required to submit personal information
been lower than they are now. changes to the administrative department
(A) quite (B) none than December 20.
(0) anything (D) never (A) no more (B) no less
(C) no later (D) no longer
17 In determining whether to close a bank branch,
the impact on the majority of community 20 All persons who wish to register for the Skills
members is the important factor. in Marketing Workshop must sign up at the
(A) very (B) most main office possible.
(C) much (D) mostly (A) as soon as (B) as long as
Part 6
(C) as much as (D) as many as
I
Date: August 12
From: lrobinson@softhome.com
To: wmanalang@softhome.com
Re: Your trip to Spain
I am really sorry that it has taken me such a long time to finalize the details of your planned trip to
Spain. I am expecting word from our branch in Spain on our activities for the week that
21 (A) receiving (B) to receive
(C) received (D) receives
you will be there. For the time being, here is an unconfirmed

22 (A) date (Bj procedure
(C) ticket (D) schedule
August 22 Scott Beal will pick you up at the Madrid Barajas Airport and bring you to your hotel.
August 23: The Administrative Department is planning a tour of the branch in Toledo, Spain.
I will send you an updated itinerary no than the end of this week.
23 (A) lateness (B) latest
(C) later (D) lately .
Sincerely,
Louise Robinson
Answers: p. 553
www.nhantriviet.com Chapter 21 Comparison - 231

Basic Points
Parallelism is the usage of two or more words, phrases, or clauses that

are similar in grammatical form.
The interview was Drier and informal.

Lectures will be held either in English or in French.
In the first sentence, brief and informal are joined by the coordinating conjunction and.
and parallelism is formed since they are both adjectives.
In the second sentence, in English and in French are joined by the correlative conjunc¬
tion either... or..., and parallelism is formed since they are both prepositional phrases.
Inversion is the reversal of the normal order of the subject and the verb
in a sentence. It is often used in formal speech to put emphasis on a
certain part of a sentence.
Paula was never angrier than when she lost her ring.
Never was Paula angrier than when she lost her ring.
To form inversion, the modal verb, the auxiliary verb have /be, or the main verb be is put
before the subject. For ordinary verbs, the auxiliary verb do /does /did is added before
the subject, and the main verb is changed to a bare infinitive.
You can get a newspaper only in the morning. (Subject + modal verb)
--Only in the morning can you get a newspaper.
She has been thinking only lately about her future career. (Subject + have)
— Only lately has she been thinking about her future career.
The students were never so scared of the teacher. (Subject + be)
— Never were the students so scared of the teacher.
Richard rarely steps out of the house on weekends. (Subject + ordinary verb)
Rarely does Richard step out of the house on weekends.
232 - Hackers (OE1C Reading www.nhantrivieteorn

01 Parallelis vT--
ÿ
O In parallelism, there must be a correct combination of words having the same parts of speech,
for example, nouns with nouns, verbs with verbs, etc.
Nouns His patience and intelligence made him a great leader. CO
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CD
Verbs The researcher will collect and analyze the data.
Adjectives The hostess at the party served hot and hearty food. £
5
Adverbs The motorist in the left lane was driving recklessly and dangerously. o
e
I
® In parallelism, there must be a correct combination of phrases or clauses of similar structures,
for example, gerunds with gerunds, noun clauses with noun clauses, etc.
Gerund phrases Filling out applications and interviewing for jobs can be tiresome.
To-infinitive phrases I need to fix the ceiling and (to) paint it.
Prepositional phrases Decorations hanging on the wall and from the ceiling were taken down.
Noun clauses He wanted to tell me what he did and how he felt.
TGEiC Questions
Decide which of the choices - (A), (B), (C), or 2. Mr. Muir has been working on the assignment
(D) - best completes the sentence. for the past three months and to
complete it by next week.
For many companies, liaison offices
(A) plan (B) plans
have proven effective and when *
(C) to plan (D) planned .

establishing international connections in
numerous countries. 3. The responsibilities of a representative include
(A) profits (B) profitably the company's sales goals and
(C) profiting (D) profitable managing the special requests of customers.
(A) to achieve (B) achieving
(C) achieved (D) achievement
Answers: p. 553
Hackers Skill When there is a coordinating conjunction or correlative conjunction in the sentence, all
the components involved must be parallel in grammatical form.
For a middle-aged man, he is witty and energy (.— energetic).
The program includes both to cook (— cooking) a meal with a group and preparing a dish individually.
www.n hantriviet.com Chapter 22 Parallelism, Inversion - 233

02
O In conditional sentences, inversion is used in formal contexts in which if or other conditional
words are omitted and the sentence starts with Should for (conditional) type 1, Were for (con¬
ditional) type 2, and Had for (conditional) type 3.
i Type 1 Should + subject + bare infinitive, subject + will + bare infinitive

I Type 2 Were + subject subject + would + bare infinitive
| Type 3 Had + subject + p.p., subject + would have + p.p.
Should you wish to visit, Mrs, Cameron will schedule a tour. (<=> If you should wish ~)
Were it not for my wife, I would be completely disorganized. (<ÿ If it were ~)
Had he started cooking earlier, we would have eaten our meal on time. (<=> If he had started ~)
# Inversion must be used in a sentence beginning with a negative word, such as never, neither,
nor, hardly, seldom, rarely, little, etc.
Never had he seen such an efficiently run business. (<=ÿ He had never seen ~)
Hardly had he fallen asleep when the alarm went off. (4=> He had hardly fallen ~)
© Inversion must be used in a sentence beginning with only + adverb /adverb phrase /adverb
clause
Only recently has Sharon begun to make her home look tidy. (<=> Sharon has only recently begun ~)
TOEIC Questions
Decide which of the choices - (A), (B), (C), or 2. Never did Mr. Lerner ;penchantfor details
(D) - best completes the sentence. with his capacity to see the whole
picture when making management decisions.
1, Had we that the event would not be
(A) interfered (B) to interfere
a popular one with our customers, we would
(C) interfering (D) interfere
have dropped the plan in its early stages.
(A) realize (B) realized 3. Only after a consensus was taken did the
(C) been realized (D) realizes general manager to forego having his
employees do mandatory overtime work.
(A) decide (B) decides
(C) decided (D) deciding
Answers: p. 554
T>/1 LJ L v.- TACir www nhantrwipt mm

HACKERS PRACTICE
cn
01 Tungsten Company's razor-sharp knives are designed to be (durable/duration) and slip-free.
e
02 (Ever/Seldom) does the team get into arguments about tasks. ®
03 Walking and (stretching /stretch) are two of the top suggested methods of daily stress relief.
04 The printing department will create and (distributing/distribute) company business cards to all staff.
05 (Should/Whether) you want more information on the subject, please call Ms. Terrell.
06 Only now does Kelly (understand/ understood) the importance of organization.
07 Buston usually manufactures safe and (reliably /reliable) kitchen products.
08 Mr. Richardson is giving hope and encourage to our staff.
09 Motorists must stay on the right side of the road and in single file.
10 Have Annie prepared better, she could have given an excellent presentation.
11 Both technical train and on-site experience are required for this position.
12 Henry often stops outside his door and turn around to get his briefcase.
13 The company promises incomparable customer support and satisfactory for all its products.
14 Mr. Lang's team works more diligently than Mr. Ford's team does.
Answers: p. 554
www nhantriviet.com Chapter 22 Parallelism, inversion - 235

H-'-'A. & :R':E:..fi;S '
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Part 5
01 Companies looking for and competent 08 Had the synopsis earlier, we might
staff may find it difficult to do so, especially have been able to include Mr. Roberson's
when economic expansion leaves only the less proposal in our evaluation.
qualified job seekers. (A) deliver (B) delivered
(A) experience (B) experienced (C) be delivered (D) been delivered
(C) experiences (D) experiencing
09 The department store has put out an
02 Patricia Wells applied for a transfer as soon advertisement announcing that it will hold a
as the branch in Honolulu opened, one-week sale on and business
did some of her co-workers. clothing.
(A) as (B) too (A) leisure (B) leisurely
(C) also (D) thus (C) leisured (D) at leisure
03 Please sign the last page of the rental 10 The plan will be redesigned both to shorten
agreement and all the other pages. project duration and implementation.
(A) initiate (B) initialize (A) simplified (B) to simplify
(C) initial (D) initiation (C) simplifies (D) simplifying
04 Applications that do not have the required 11 Thanks to the Internet, digital music has
documents will not be considered, and not only become popular but is also
will those that lack a clear career across the globe.
objective. (A) profits (B) profitably
(A) also (B) however (C) profit (D) profitable
(C) neither (D) only
12 have department stores seen such
05 We are seeking applicants whose ideas a decrease in sales of swimwear during the
regarding design and layout are both creative long hot months of July and August.
and (A) Ever (B) Even
(A) originally (B) originality (C) Although (D) Seldom
(C) origin (D) original
13 Make sure to call the office immediately should
06 has the price of gasoline been have any problems accessing your
higher than it is now. bank account.
(A) Ever (B) Either (A) you (B) your

(C) Neither (D) Rarely (C) yours (D) yourself
07 The resume workshop teaches young 14 The manufacturer is not responsible for
injuries or harm caused by wrong use of the
professionals how to display their
and skills using sophisticated language and
product, will they replace products
broken by misuse.
attractive formatting.
(A) or (B) nor
(A) educate (B) educated
(C) and (D) but
(C) education (D) educational
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15 Without sufficient contacts, finding an ideal 18 The Entrepreneur's Dream Internet cafe has -
location and a good apartment can the collection of information available ®
o
be a time-consuming effort. on how to start your own business. ÿ
r—*•
(A) to rent (B) rent (A) wide (B) widely I

(C) renting (D) rented (C) more widely (D) widest I
16 If you want to register to become one of our 19 More and more individuals are turning
subscribers, fill in this and simple to alternative therapies to treat a host of
information form. ailments and pain.
(A) quick (B) quickly (A) relieve (B) relieves
(C) quicker (D) quickest (C) relieved (D) relieving
17 Only lately sales figures begun to 20 With the marketing manager's impending
show some growth in comparison to last resignation, an opening for a highly
month's total revenue. and financially driven individual is now being
(A) has (B) been advertised.
(C) have (D) are (A) motivate (B) motivation
(C) motivating (D) motivated
Part 6
To: Donna Reynolds

From: Tim Shaw
Subject: Mentoring System
Donna,
......
I am sure you have heard something about the company's mentoring system for employees who
need guidance and assistance. The other managers and I have been selecting mentors, and we
would like you to be a participant in the program for new hires. As you may be aware, the program
is designed to accelerate the process. Those who partake in the project must be willing
21 (A) interviewing (B) training
(C) hiring (D) application
to set aside time for the employees assigned to them. Mentors will be assigned to new employees
in their respective departments so that it will be easier for them to provide information, assistance
and
22 (A) suggest (B) suggesting
(C) to suggest (D) suggestions
We certainly hope that you will be willing to take part in this new system. By volunteering, you will
be giving valuable help your co-workers.
23 (A) on (B) from
(C) to (D) along
Answers: p. 554
www.nhantrivief.com Chapter 22 Parallelism, Inversion - 237

93S
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Is
o Business-related vocabulary
TOEIC is art English test which measures the everyday English skills of non-native people working
in an international environment. Therefore, TOEIC questions center round business, commerce, and
industry. Vocabulary items in the TOEIC test also involve business-related settings and situations.
o Meaning and usage

Questions on vocabulary in the TOEIC test not only check lexical meanings but also grammatical
usage of lexis. It is, hence, important for examinees to understand not only the meaning but also the
usage of business-oriented English vocabulary.
Testing Point »
Questions on vocabulary in the TOEIC test may be divided into three major types: collocations, con¬
tent words, and content words with similar meaning. In this book, these types have been categorized
and lists of lexical items that are frequently tested are provided.
Collocations: There are gap-fill questions in which one part of words that often go together, known
as collocations or word partnership, is missing. Examinees are required to select one of the given
options which best completes the gap to form a correct collocation.
Content words of the same part of speech: There are also gap-fill questions in which gapped state¬
ments together with the four words of the same part of speech are given. Examinees are required to
select one of the given options which best completes the gap, based on the meaning of the option in
the statement.
Content words with similar or different meanings: There are also gap-fill questions in which gapped
statements together with the four options are given. Examinees are required to select one of the given
options which best completes the gap, based on the meanings of content words.
Question Percentaÿ& §
..
»
Below are the two pie charts showing the percentage of TOEIC questions, based on vocabulary
aspects of meaning and parts of speech.
Content words with different

meanings 6% __ Adverbs 17%
/ \
Verbs 30%
Collocations 20%
Adjectives 25%
Content words with
similar meanings 74% * r
, \cjns28%
[Based on aspects of meaning] [Based on parts of speech]
240
m Test-Taking Strategies
Step 1: Look at the four options given to see whether it is a vocabulary question.
A certain question may contain four options of the same part of speech but different in meaning, for
example: respective, innovative, impressive, noble (adjectives). Looking at these four options, you
can conclude that this is a vocabulary question.
Step 2: Select the correct answer choice by looking at the words around the gap and
understanding the meaning of the whole statement or the whole text.
If one part of a collocation is missing, just select the missing part from the four options given.
In case the question does not involve a collocation, find out the meaning of the statement by
translation in order to be able to select the most appropriate answer choice. Once more than one
possible option have been identified, decide the correct option by looking for the key words in the
statement.
___
For the text completion questions in Part 6, you should not only look for the key words around the
gaps but also understand the meaning of the whole text to be able to select the best options.
Part 5: Example i Step 1: Look at the four options given and

j decide this is a vocabulary question.
Before installing any programs, computer technicians should
The four options are all adjectives but they differ
check the installation guide to see whether it is with the in meaning.
computer's system.
(A) undeniable (B) amenable (C) favorable (D) compatible" Step 2: Select the correct answer choice by
looking at the words around the gap and under¬
standing the meaning of the whole statement.
As there is the preposition with after the gap,
Part 6: Example so compatible is the best option to form the
collocation.
Dear Bryan Seacrest, Step 1: Look at the four options given and
decide this is a vocabulary question.
Thank you for filling out our survey during your recent
The four options are all nouns but they differ in
(A) appointment. meaning.
(B) travel
(C) stay Step 2: Select the correct answer choice by
looking at the words around the gap and under¬
(D) break standing the meaning of the whole statement or
with us. We value all of our customers' comments and sugges¬ the whole text.
tions. We also consider them necessary for helping us to improve As this does not involve a collocation, you need
to resort to translation to understand the mean¬
our accommodation. -
ing of the whole text. Skimming through the
text, you can identify our accommodation as
the key words, so stay must be the correct
answer choice.
241
242 www.nrsantnviet
Collocations
Chapter 01 - Collocations with Prepositions
Chapter 02 - Collocations with Adjectives
Chapter 03 - Collocations with Verbs (1)
Chapter 04 - Collocations with Verbs (2)
Chapter 05 - Collocations with Nouns
Chapter 06 - Other Collocations
www.nhantrlviet.com 243
A collocation is a combination of two or more words that often go together. Native speakers
of English often use them to make their language more natural and more easily understood.
It is essential for you to treat collocations as single blocks of language and learn them in
chunks. You could learn them by topic, such as time, number, weather, money, family, etc.,
or by a particular word, e.g. take action, take a chance, take an exam. In this way, you can
easily choose the right answers to questions of vocabulary in the TOEIC test.
Question Type and Useful Tips

This type of question requires examinees to choose either a preposition or a noun to form a
correct collocation.
1. First, look for the preposition or noun given before or after the gap. Then, choose an option
that forms a collocation.
2. Next, put it into the whole sentence to see if it suits the context and the meaning of the
sentence. Last, decide the answer choice.
Requests for vacation time must be submitted writing at least two weeks in advance.
(A) at (B) of (C) in (D) on
request [rikwest] / submit [sabmi't] / in advance

Answer: (C)
Morris Marina, the head of the small business software division, will be traveling to New
Mexico tomorrow to attend a conference. As he will be gone for the whole of next week, he
has designated his next in , Hillman Avenger, to be in charge of the division's business
(A) order (B) command
(C) demand (D) advance
during his absence.
division [divijaii] / in command / absence [sebsans]

Answer: (B)

Common Collocations
01 in reply 08 in combination with

In spite of sending several e-mails of complaint to This tablet, when taken in combination with
the customer service department, the customer aspirin, will lower blood pressure and strengthen
still hasn't received a single message in reply. immunity to infections.
02 of one's choice 09 to the point

of one's choice = of one's own choice to the point: relevant and worth paying attention to
come to the point: reach the focus point
Payments can automatically be deducted from the
keep to the point: not digress from the focus point
bank account of your choice.
The guest speaker's presentation on office man¬
agement was informative and to the point.
O
n
03 in preparation for >
All computer equipment should be put in boxes in 10 out of print
preparation for our move to the new office space.
out of print = be discontinued (If a book, magazine, etc. is o
o
out of print, it is no longer being published.)
03
This book is currently out of print; however, there o
04 in advance might be some used copies available online.
Reservations must be cancelled at least two
weeks in advance to be eligible for a full refund.
11 in celebration of
The department store is offering a 30 percent
05 in an effort to discount this week in celebration of their 30th
in an effort to .. i
ÿ
. .
anniversary.
In an effort to promote the new line of products,
Edu-toys created a television advertising
campaign. 12 above one's expectations
above one's expectations = beyond one's expectations
Product sales last month were above our
oe in a timely manner
expectations.
in a timely manner = in a timely fashion
As the human resources department has received
many resumes, all applicants will be contacted in 13 subsequent to
a timely manner. subsequent to = following
Subsequent to the introduction of cost-cutting

measures, expense accounts are being
07 on arrival monitored.
on arrival = upon arrival
On arrival, all passengers are required to go
through immigration and passport control. 14 as a result of
Many factories had to close as a result of new
licensing regulations.
www.nhantriviet.corr! Chapter 01 Collocations with Prepositions - 245

15 in exchange for 20 at one's earliest convenience
The company offered workers higher salaries in at one's earliest convenience: as soon as one can (com¬
exchange for reduced health benefits. monly used in business contexts)
Send some samples of your writing at your earli¬

est convenience.
is out of one's reach
out of one's reach: away from the distance that can be
touched 2 1 to an absolute minimum
Ensure that blades for this razor are stored out of to an absolute minimum: to the smallest in amount or degree
the reach of children. The new microphone system keeps background
noise to an absolute minimum.
17 to capacity
be filled to capacity = be completely full 22 until further notice
The theater was filled to capacity every night of until further notice: until another official announcement is
the week-long performance. made
without notice: without warning or announcement
The prices listed in the catalog are effective until

further notice.
is at the latest
at the earliest, at the best
In order to reserve a tennis court at the Fairfield

23 with the exception of
Fitness Centre, you should register by next week
with the exception of = except
at the latest.
No one is allowed beyond this point, with the
exception of authorized security personnel.
19 in search of
in search of = in the search for
24 in one's absence
Mr. Smith is in search of talented and innovative
in one's absence = during one's absence
personnel.
The staff will hold a meeting in the directors
absence.
246 - Hackers TOEIC Readirta www .nha nfriwipt ronr.

HACKERS PRACTICE
Tick a correct option for each phrase or sentence.
01 be made ° hand
02 in conjunction ° the Lyons Community Center
_____
j |
03 New procedures will be in n effect
04 in Ej
ÿ comparison
with last year's performance
05 write checks in excess
06 Be reliable, and,
ÿ
D
Jij °ÿer $5,000
above all,
foremost; honest.
_ _ <
O
>
07 ÿ
08 The economy is n
ÿ on
__
oblemtoÿ 0f dependence DaV
. the wane g.
o
3
09 a banquet in ° respect of the mayor

10 Wear safety goggles ÿ ÿ all times.
11 give an estimate |=j f
free
12 Visitors ° prefer outdoor cafes.
13 Check the website for jij details.
14 payment
° delivery
15 Mr. Leeds is ° out of the office

°
16 be available upon respect
17 work E!ÿ j!?"1

into
home
18° ÿl'th
u at
the aim of increasing sales
19 Ej on
ÿ
in
the recommendation of the board
_ _. .
20 Open 24 hours for your n convenience.
on , ÿ
promptness
Answers: p. 554
www.nhantriviet.com Chapter 01 Collocations with Prepositions - 247

H"'.A 0* K E *.R "S' ' *
T E-'.'S" T';'- ; '

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; (3T™elWt-7mmufes
Parts
01 Staff members are requested to send in 06 High school students were paid on an hourly
reports on equipment malfunctions at their basis to distribute the company's promotional
earliest flyers hand.
(A) requirement (A) through
(B) decision (B) with
(C) explanation (C) by
(D) convenience (D) in
02 All prices listed on the company website are 07 Payment for Internet services provided by
effective until further Westcom can be paid for with the credit card
(A) notice of your
(B) mark (A) election
(C) bulletin (B) choice
(D) statement (C) referral
(D) option
03 All attendees to the International Trade Law
Conference are requested to register for the 08 The department store offers the latest fashion
event advance at the convention apparel in a of colors, ranging from
center's website, light tints to dark shades.
(A) at (A) crowd
(B) to (B) type
(C) in (C) pack
(D) near (D) variety
04 The manufacturing contract awarded to 09 Sales figures for agricultural products went
Centrum was valued in excess ten up by 5 percent as a result growth
million dollars. in the domestic and export markets.
(A) to (A) as
(B) than (B) about
(C) of (C) beyond
(D) over (D) of
05 All household chemicals, such as cleaners 10 Those attending the Community Service
or polishes, should be kept reach of Awards Ceremony are asked to bring their
small children. invitations as they will be asked to present
(A) out of them arrival at the hotel.
(B) away with (A) for
(C) up until (B) from
(D) without (C) on
(D) out
248 - Hackers TOEIC Reading www.nhantrivlet.com

Part 6
Questions 11-13 refer to the following notice.
Notice to Employees
Due to recent changes in occupational safety laws, Chubb Industries employees must agree to
comply with the safety regulations described below. It has been noticed that certain employees
are reporting to work without their safety gear. Protection goggles and the proper helmets must be
worn all times while working on the assembly line. When substituting for another employee
11 (A) of
(B) at
(C) by
(D) on
during their absence, please make sure to operate the machinery in order to avoid injury,
12 (A) cautiously
(B) happily
(C) preventively
(D) pessimistically
or seek assistance from a manager before using the machines.
Aside from safety issues, occasional equipment malfunctions have forced us to adopt biweekly
inspections and maintenance procedures the aim of ensuring that machinery is running
13 (A) from
(B) in
(C) to
(D) with
at optimum efficiency. Be sure to allow the technicians full access to your workstation so that they
can complete their work. In the event of any other unexpected issues that may delay productivity,
report them immediately to the supervisor.
Answers: p. 554
www.nhantriviet.com Chapter 01 Collocations with Prepositions - 249

itWNMfef-
This type of question requires examinees to choose either a preposition or an adjective to

form a correct collocation.
1, First, look for the preposition or adjective given before or after the gap. Then, choose an
option that forms a collocation.
company is looking for someone who is

i he of making important decisions in a fast-
paced environment and under time constraints.
(A) liable (B) capable (C) eligible . (D) subject
look for / fast-paced [fiestpeist] / under time constraints

Answer; (B)
Please extend a warm welcome to Thomas Little, the new vice president and general manager
of our product development unit. He comes to us from Believe inc., a Canadian computer
graphics technology company, where he was for all aspects of product design,
(A) knowledgeable, . ..(B),independent
(C) responsible (D) subject
operations, and software processes.
extend [ikstend] / vice president / operation [apareifan] / process [prases]

Answer: (C)
250 - Hackers TOEIC Readino www.n ha ntriviet.com

Collocations
oi be native to 08 be known to A as B
be native to ÿ
j
ÿ
to..
position follows as.
The company is searching for a sales staff that is
native to the local community. Mr. Calson is known to the staff as a highly
motivated CEO.
02 be responsible for
be responsible for = be in charge of
09 be familiar with
The recent storm damage to the Northgate Bridge Benson and Associates' security department
is partly responsible for the terrible traffic problems requested that all staff be familiar with the new
in the city center. office security regulations.
<
O
ÿn
>
03 be honored for io be contingent on
A is contingent on B = A depends on B
Mr. Jones was honored for his generous contribu¬
tions to local charities at the awards ceremony Funding for the project is contingent on the Board o
o_
last night. of Directors' decision. o"
o
t—¥
o"
04 be suitabie for 11 be reiiant on

The majority of films recently produced by Lime¬
light studios are suitable for children of all ages.
be reliant on = rely on
Felicity Clothing is increasingly reliant on manu¬
I
facturers of textiles and printed fabrics from
Southeast Asia.
05 be exempt from
Employees attending the Chicago Trade Fair are
exempt from turning in receipts for their travel
12 be cognizant of
expenses. be cognizant of = be aware of
Physicians must be cognizant of medical regula¬
tions in the state where they practice.
06 be known for
be known for + reason
The Ace Motors dealership is known for its excel¬
13 be reflective of
lent after-sales service. be reflective of = reflect
Market conditions are often reflective of the current
political state.
07 be superior to
To, not than, must follow superior.
Because of Sackhoff Supplies' high standards
14 be comparable to
for product quality, its product is superior to other To is followed by what is compared.
competitors' in the market. The size of the city is comparable to that of

Philadelphia.
www.nhantriv»etcom Chapter 02 Collocations with Adjectives - 251

is be responsive to 20 be concerned about/over
be responsive to + noun be concerned about /over = be worried about
The health club staff is responsive to its members' The organizers are concerned about the seating
requests. capacity of the room.
16 make checks payable to A 21 be critical of

This expression is commonly used in the US where people Of is followed by what is criticized; the adverb highly may
use personal checks. be added to modify critical.
Make your checks payable to Squibb, Inc. Human Resources managers should not be critical
of employee suggestions.
17 be compatible with
be compatible with: work well together 22 be concerned with
Our software programs are compatible with the The article is concerned with the effects of a con¬
computer's hardware system. sumer boycott on unsafe food products.
is be noted for 23 be accustomed to

be noted for = be famous for = be well known for be accustomed to + noun
The company is noted for the quality of its Our regular customers are accustomed to consist
furniture. ently outstanding levels of service.
19 be uncertain about 24 be subject to

be uncertain about = be uncertain of be subject to + noun
The committee said it is uncertain about the Building foundations are subject to damage from
results of the study. water and wind.
Sick leave applications are subject to company
approval.
252 - Hackers TOEIC Reading vvwvv.nhafitriviet.com

HACKERS PRACTICE
01 be aware E!
ÿ QT
the circumstances
02 be
° dedicated t0 Pursuin9 a banking career
03 The effect was opposite jEj what we intended.
O
O
04 remarks that are ° irrelevantÿ t0 the subJect >
O
O
05 prices comparable |Ej those of competitors sr
O
06 The new model is jEj ÿpericr"3' to the previous one.
07 be consistent |Ej °*th the company's code of ethics
08 pillows jEj jÿected of 100 percent cotton
O
09 be absent JEj |ÿom the company gathering
10 be full
° °fy expectations
11 be ideal jEj young teens
12 be interested |Ej ÿ product quality
Answers: p. 554
wwwjihantriviet.com Chapter 02 Collocations with Adjectives - 253

Part 5
01 Before downloading and installing any 06 The formation of a new team of representatives
program, staff members should check with is on how well the existing teams do
the company technician whether it is by the end of the quarter.
with the existing system. (A) speculative
(A) undeniable (B) contingent
(B) amenable (C) hopeful
(C) favorable (D) eventual
(D) compatible
07 The new bank rules state that approval of a
02 The majority of Comstar's newly hired branch client's loan application is to income
managers are to the regions they verification and credit approval.
are responsible for. (A) necessary
(A) predicted (B) subject
(B) native (C) exposed
(C) corresponding (D) internal
(D) existent
08 When ordering products from our mail-order
03 The company is committed to developing an catalogue, please ensure that all checks are
excellent customer service department that made payable Gillian Sanders.
is responsive patrons' needs and (A) from
wishes. (B) in
(A) on (C) of
(B) of (D) to
(C) to
ÿ
(D) with 09 The production manager at the Detroit plant

is very about meeting the deadline
04 Individuals interested in establishing scheduled for this sales quarter.
a business should be of the (A) satisfied
regulations on company filing set down by (B) tired
the Securities and Exchange Commission. (C) concerned
(A) cognizant (D) confused
(B) ambitious
(C) oblivious 10 The staff at Blue Ribbon Corporation is
(D) reticent to providing consistent, timely and
quality service to company customers.
05 Each year, Manu-Corp chooses a team (A) pledged
to be honored their outstanding (B) concentrated
achievements in product development. (C) offered
(A) for (D) dedicated
(B) to
(C) with
(D) at

Part 6
From: Richard Garfield, Vice President

To: All marketing employees
According to the latest statistics, sales figures for the past quarter were subject to a negative trend
caused by the ongoing national economic slump. The growth that we had been to over the
11 (A) familiar
(B) accustomed
(C) friendly
(D) acquainted
past two years has come to an abrupt end, with the public already reacting by curbing their spend¬
ing on high-end goods and services. The recent decline in our sales figures is of this
12 (A) manageable
(B) thoughtful . . ,
(C) possible ;
(D) reflective V .
conservative consumer behavior.
Senior management staff has therefore decided to .significantly reduce our production targets in the
company's three-year development plan. We'll be making a presentation giving information
13 (A) absolute
(B) insecure
(C) detailed
(D) constant
about the new plan, which all marketing department employees will be required to attend, as the
revisions will affect our advertising strategy. Check the website noticeboard for the date, time, and
venue of the presentation.
Answers: p. 554
www.n ha ntriviet.com Chapter 02 Collocations with Adjectives - 255

ollocations wi
This type of question requires examinees to choose either a verb or a preposition to form a
1. First, look for the verb or preposition given before or after the gap. Then, choose an option
Aithough the director wants his staff to minimize mistakes, he also knows his employees can
benefit such experiences.
(A) from (B) with (C) to (D) of
Answer; (A)
There are a number of commonly used psychological management techniques that can help
achieve a successful outcome when dealing with difficult employees. For example, while they
are speaking, you should carefully to their arguments to let them know you value their
(A) pay (B) consider
opinions before firmly raising the issues which need to be addressed.
psychological [saikalodjikal] / outcome [autkAm] / value [vselju:] / address [adres]

Answer: (D)
256 - Hackers TOEIC Reading wvvw.nhantriviet.com

Common Collocations
01 commit oneself to 08 compensate A for B

commit A to B = give A to B compensate A for B: pay A money because he/she has
suffered B (injury, loss or damage)
We have committed ourselves to maintaining a
high level of customer service within the hospital¬ The broadcaster compensated Dr. Bland for the
ity industry. damage caused by the report.
02 be divided into 09 replace A with B

Divide is used in the passive form. replace A with B = replace A by B
Because of the large number of participants at the If any of our products are damaged during ship¬
workshop, attendees were divided into smaller ment, we will replace them immediately with new
groups. ones.
<
O
n
>
03 qualify for 10 be submitted to

-<
qualify for = be eligible for submit something to someone = hand in something to
o
o
someone
Applicants must possess at least three years'
experience in accounting to qualify for a job All registration forms which are submitted to our
interview. clinic will be kept on file for two years from the
date of receipt.
04 collaborate on something
11 interfere with
collaborate with someone: work with someone on
something Chronic stress can interfere with the function of
The two firms want to collaborate on a landmark the immune system.
research project on DNA sequencing.
12 come complete with

05 discourage A from B The new office facilities come complete with a
Office regulations discourage employees from staff lounge and parking spaces.
making personal telephone calls during office
hours.
13 attribute A to B
attribute A to B = A is attributed to B
06 A is aimed at B Analysts attribute the current market boom to an
Aim is mostly used in the passive form. increase in individual investors.
The new F-series sports car is aimed at young
business executives.
14 contend with
contend with: deal with a difficult or unpleasant situation
07 respond to Do not confuse it with be content with which means be
happy or satisfied with.
respond to + noun
The client responded positively to our proposal for Bakery companies have to contend with a
the new advertising campaign. decreasing demand for baked products.
www.n ha ntrrvi et.co m Chapter 03 Collocations with Verbs (1) - 257

mmMi
is charge something to somewhere/ something 20 associate with
charge an amount of money for something associate with somebody = spend time with somebody
Please charge the repairs to my credit card. The company's consultant closely associated with
a competing firm.
16 restrict something to a particular group

A is restricted to B 21 contribute to
Access is restricted to authorized personnel only. Factors contributing to globalization include
technological innovation and world economic
integration.
i/ result from
result from + cause
result in + result 22 check A for B
The manufacturer will not be accountable for It is recommended that consumers 'J tec. their
damage resulting from misuse. credit reports for errors at least once a year.
is be faced with 23 congratulate someone on something

be faced with a situation = face /deal with a situation We want to congratulate Mr. Grant on his recent
Faced with a large debt, the company declared promotion.
bankruptcy.
24 comply with +- rule /regulation

19 dispose of Tenants are asked to comply with the building's
When disposing of expired credit cards, it is wise rules and regulations.
to cut them in half.
TCO Li -s rr- THPT www nhantrivipf rom

HACKERS PRACTICE
01 be accompanied cover letter
02 prohibit customers jij smoking
03 experiment ° feasible alternatives
04 Fill this out and ° it to the front desk.
O
r>
05 Price increases depend jEj the cost of gasoline. >
06 The complex consists ° ÿ two-bedroom houses.

ES
07 engage ° a discussion CO
08 The merger could lead JEj ÿ layoffs.

09 compete
° ÿ°ng a promotion
10 Lockers will be ° staff to a||
11 Employees are ° |n|ÿ|ed to overtime PaY-
._ n as
12 regard the decision n to a mistake
13 be subjected j=j ÿjth high temperatures

14 Bonuses are related jij performance.
15 cars equipped ° an anti-theft device
16 ÿ drape
the table with a cloth
17 be involved ÿ corporate finance
Answers: p, 554
www.nhantriviet.com Chapter 03 Collocations with Verbs (1) - 259

Part 5
01 Semiconductor companies around the world 06 Admittance to the special showing is
have had to with increasingly lower to members of the club and their guests.
demand and plummeting values on the stock (A) conscripted
exchange. (B) restricted
(A) replace (C) denied
(B) contend (D) released
(C) group
(D) reward 07 All interested applicants must provide their
bank account information and a salary
02 Software Mode and a top Japanese statement from their employer in order to
electronics manufacturer will collaborate for a bank loan.
the design and production of a (A) submit
new hand-held device. (B) qualify
(A) for (C) request
(B) by (D) reserve
(C) with
(D) on 08 All visitors to the San Diego Zoo are kindly
requested to refrain feeding the
03 We usually contend the pressures of animals.
work at the end of each month. (A) from
(A) with (B) with
(B) to (C) to
(C) about (D) of
(D) for
09 The sudden increase in sales of Superslim
04 Wynonna Goldstein has committed herself mobile phones is to their appearance
increasing sales for the housewares in a popular television drama series which is
department by 5 percent for this year. currently showing on NATV.
(A) for (A) prohibited
(B) at (B) attributed
(C) in (C) contributed
(D) to (D) distributed
05 After returning from his trip to Asia, the 10 The human resources director sent out a
president the branch heads on the memo in an effort to employees
agreement entered into by the firm. from taking lunch breaks exceeding one hour.
(A) communicated (A) imply
(B) toid (B) detain
(C) briefed (C) relieve
(D) explained (D) discourage
260 - Hackers TOEIC Reading 'www.nhantriviet.com

Part 6
Hi-Net Cable Internet

James Walter, Customer Service Representative
867 East Valley Trail NW
Great Falls, Montana 68750
Dear Mr. Walter,
This letter is to notify you of an amount which appears on the billing statement for my
11 (A) ultimate
(B) effective
(C) incorrect
(D) unclaimed
new account. I signed up for Internet service last week, which I was told costs only $35 per month.
However, I've discovered that an amount of $50 has been charged my first bill. It seems
12 (A) of
(B) at
(C) to
(D) by
that when I applied, the clerk mistakenly registered me for a high-speed connection, although I
clearly asked for standard. I called my bank this morning to alter the automatic payment on this
account, but the first transaction had already gone through and apparently cannot be reversed.
Please reply as soon as possible to confirm that future bills will be correct, and also to let me
know whether I am to a refund for this month's inaccurate charges.
13 (A) entailed
(B) entertained
(C) entitled
(D) entered
Sincerely,
Eleanor Briggs
....
Answers: p. 555

Question Types and Useful Tips
These types of questions require examinees to choose either a verb or a preposition /noun/
adjective to form a correct collocation.
1. First, look for the verb or preposition / noun / adjective given before or after the gap. Then,
choose an option that forms a collocation.
Allan Parker got the required interviews and then waited a month before the company
finally got in touch with him.
(A) about (B) despite (C) above (D) through
require [rikwaiar] / get in touch with

Answer: (D)
Every time you begin and end a shift, you'll need to have your card swiped by the attendant at
the staff entrance. If you lose your card during your shift, report it to security, where you will be
able to apply for a new one and out manually before leaving the building.
shift [Jlft] / swipe [swaip] / apply for / manually [msenjuali]

Answer: (C)
262 - Hackers TOEIC Reading www.nharitriviet.com

Common Collocations
01 call for 08 look into

Mosaic Tech. provides more than 120 call centers look into = examine/investigate
around the world to help its customers when they The finance division has looked into the errors
call for technical support while using its software. and corrected them.
02 take over 09 keep track of

Ms. Sedaris will take over as vice president of keep track of: keep oneself updated
sales when Mr. Fey retires next month. This software allows users to easily keep track of
inventory.
03 turn In
turn in = submit io look for
Those wishing to take time off for summer vac¬ look for = search for
ation must turn in their requests by the end of May. The article gives advice on what to look for when
buying a camera.
oi take ~ Into account

take something into account = take account of something: 11 run the risk of
consider something
All assembly line workers should wear safety
John took the past year's market conditions into helmets, or they run the risk of injury.
account when writing the annual report.
12 look upon A as B
o(5 keep records of The company looks upon Asia as a potential mar¬
The marketing department implemented a daily ket for its products.
report system to keep better records of the pro¬
gress of projects.
13 draw on + technique/experience
This collocation means use information or your knowledge of
os look over something something to help you do something.
The manager looked over the documents before When starting your own business, draw on your
making a decision. experience as a customer.
07 keep in touch with 14 defy description

Richard Gates, the vice president of the legal firm, defy description = be beyond description
keeps in touch with many of his employees at This collocation is used to express something that you can¬
not describe accurately because of its great size, quality, or
other branches by videophone.
level.
The subtle flavor of the soup of the day defies
description.

is hold back go through
This collocation means not do something, often because of Due to increased competition in the food industry,
fear. Hills Natural Foods went through a difficult time
Please don't hold back your opinions on the new financially.
product design.
21 have every intention of V-ing

i6 bring A to a halt have no intention of V-ing
A loss of power will never bring operations to a The landlord has every intention of making
halt because the manufacturing plant has two improvements to the building.
generators.
22 check in
17 account for This collocation means give one's personal details to the
Benefits account for only 20 percent of payroll person working at the reception desk at an airport or in a
costs. hotel.
The recent increase in the cost of raw materials Guests are required to check in before 10 a.m.
accounts for the rise in prices of our products.
23 place A on standby
is make sense This collocation is used mainly at the airport when custom¬
ers are put on a waiting list for a flight.
After the expansion of the computer software de¬
The passenger was placed on standby for the
partment, it made sense to hire another full-time
next possible flight.
technician.
19 have A in common
24 stand in for
This collocation means take somebody's job temporarily.
The quality control inspector has determined that
the assembly line errors made this morning had As Patrick Chang is sick, T racy Morgan will be
nothing in common. standing in for him today.
264 - Hackers TOEIC Reading www.nhantriviet.rom

HACKERS PRACTICE
ÿ fast
01 Office supplies are running n shQrt
°2<ÿbenaere°ÿ lower prices
03 The bill comes into jij in July.
<
O
n
04 put |EJ a two-week vacation >
05 take E! ltl®ifare
lj care
of the customer's complaint °
pa
06 check j=j at the airport
07 The debate came ÿ an end.
08 a Sr°aCh ,or ,ul|-,ime work
09 Spring sales helped make ° °p( for a slow winter.

10 care ° a family
11 follow ° tUhPr°ugh to the promise to raise salaries
19
12 do one s
a innermost
[;] utmost
Answers: p. 555

Parts
01 The factory manager brings the assembly line 06 Please be reminded that all electronic
to a if a defective auto part is found, equipment must be packaged carefully or
(A) block else it runs the risk damage during
(B) quit shipment.
(C) stay (A) to
(D) halt (B) for
(C) of
02 Mayflower Bank recommends that all their (D) by
customers keep of their account
deposits and withdrawals in case of a 07 The factory owner production on
technical error. standby when it became impossible to meet
(A) points product demand due to insufficient raw
(B) requirements materials.
(C) grades (A) placed
(D) records (B) viewed
(C) emitted
03 With the loss of 10 percent of their customer (D) occupied
base over the past six months, the company
is now some major changes. 08 Upon arrival at the airport, passengers must
(A) pulling in check at any one of the designated
(B) going through counters.
(C) looking over (A) on
(D) laying off (B) off
(C) in
04 Following his pledge to improve the (D) up
company's working environment, Mr. Lawson
has had the entire office renovated and 09 The recent increase in Enderby Manufacturing's
equipped with up-to-date machines. market share for their decision to
(A) out in build a new factory near Minneapolis.
(B) throughout (A) accounts
(C) up on (B) changes
(D) across with (C) explains
(D) requires
05 The supplies at the photo developing shop
were running , prompting Mr. Lark 10 Meeting attendees are requested not to hold
to send his assistant out to buy what was opinions which may contribute to the
needed. fulfillment of project goals.
(A) deep (A) away
(B) long (B) from
(C) fast (C) back
(D) short (D) at
266 - Hackers TOtIC Readina www.nhantriviet.com

Part 6
As bank interest rates for savings accounts continue to decline, building up a retirement fund isn't
as easy today as it used to be thirty years ago. Extensive financial knowledge is a highly beneficial
when dealing with today's multitude of ways in which to develop personal investments;
11 (A) draft
(B) evaluation
(C) asset
(D) margin
Due to the complicated nature of the field, most people choose to enlist the services of an
experienced broker. However, personal investors are increasingly relying on their own resources
when handling their finances. They on media such as online forums, business journals,
12 (A) seek
(B) select
(C) refer
(D) draw
and periodicals, where they read up on companies' stability and profitability in order to improve
their own expertise, rather than depending on a third party to do it for them. After having j r
13 (A) seen
(B) looked
(C) viewed
(D) watched
over the vast amount of online and published information available, investors then use their newly
gained knowledge of the market to safely decide where to invest their capital.
Answers: p. 555

This type of question requires examinees to choose either a noun or a preposition to form a
1. First, look for the noun or preposition given before or after the gap. Then, choose an option
Because of accumulated stress at work, many of our staff members choose to have more
vacation time rather than a pay
(A) growth (B) lift (C) increase (D) climb
Answer: (C)
Today's Business Line column focuses on how to calculate your tax properly under the newly
introduced corporate tax system. It is written by Jan Delpratt, a senior executive of Merchant
Associates, the nation's largest accounting firm, and a regular to The National
(A) winner (8) contributor
(C) participant (D) contestant
Business Review.
focus on / corporate tax / accounting [akauntiij]

Answer: (B)

Comm
01 technical description 08 office efficiency

The report is a . . . of the new fuel efficiency
production efficiency
equipment needed for our research laboratory.
Providing a comfortable environment will improve
office efficiency.
02 apology for
Please accept our apologies for the delay, and we
hope you have a pleasant flight.
09 preference for
Recent studies showed customers' preference for
booking air tickets online.
0:3 signs of wear
signs of wear = signs of damage
<
O
The hotel facilities were out of date and had n
>
started to show signs of wear.
10 media coverage
This collocation implies the reporting of a particular event or
piece of news.
04 contribution to Media coverage of the new product launch helped

Ms. Milson is very involved with community pro¬ raise the brand's profile.
grams and makes frequent contributions to
local charities.
11 obligation to
have no obligation to
05 accounts payabie department Guests have no obligation to pay for their bill until
the final day of their stay at the hotel.
unpaid debts.
accounts payable
accounts receivable 12 attendance records
Reimbursements for travel expenses will be paid Employees' attendance records are confirmed
out by the accounts payable department. each month before paychecks are issued.
06 compliance with + rule/iavy/ regulation 1.3 mastermind behind

The company operates in full Mastermind behind something ÿ :
current export laws. comes up with all strategies/details/plans for an important

event.
Mr. Grieves is the mastermind behind the candi¬
07 discussion on date's new campaign strategy.
The public relations officer arranged for a press
conference and discussion on the company's new
medical breakthrough.
14 problem with
The staff is having a , their computers'
operating system.
www.nhantriviet.com Chapter 05 Collocations with Nouns - 269

ÿ
15 safety precautions 19 a form of identification
Safety precautions refers to actions that are done to keep A form of identification may be a driving licence, an iden¬
safety. Precaution is a count noun, so the indefinite article a tity card, or a passport.
is used if it is in the singular form (a safety precaution). An¬
A form of identification is necessary to collect the
other common collocation is fire precautions which refers
to actions that are done to prevent fire.
package at the post office.
Construction workers were reminded to follow

safety precautions at air times. 20 taxes on
The Revenue Department decided not to impose
16 baggage allowance extra taxes on rice imports.
.....
This collocation means the weight of suitcases or bags that
you are allowed to take onto an aircraft.
?- 1 system failures
Beginning in January, the carry-on baggage
allowance for all international flights will be twelve
system failures: . , ÿ
i1!.:1 ÿ
ÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿ v s- :
- ÿÿ
kilos. Due to repeated system failures, the current

computer operating system will be changed.
17 performance appraisal
Performance appraisal indicates a meeting between a
22 confidence in
worker and their manager in order to discuss how well they have confidence in somebody
are doing in their work. I have every confidence in Mrs. Foster's ability to
The manager has to carry out monthly perform¬ manage the project successfully.
ance appraisals.
23 commitment, to
is time constraints commitment to
Due to time constraints, the staff will continue the We have an abiding commitment to providing
discussion tomorrow. individualized service to customers.
24 staff productivity
labor productivity
The bestselling book talks about innovative ways
to improve staff productivity.
970 - Narkpr? TDFIf Rparlinn www.nhantriviet.com

HACKERS PRACTICE
01 ÿ S™ to ™ls,ure
02 Check the ° overlaid compartments.

03 guarantee
° °fjth satisfaction
<
O
04 ÿ Maximum'3' securil* wNI be enforced'

05 the written consent |ij ÿ the patient I
o
=5
06 a keen interest °|°r suburban development

07 conference
08 taxes ° luxury goods
09 have little regard ° the safety of employees
10 an advocate j=J ÿ human rights
11 a dispute ° wheat prices
12 questions j=j concerning shipping charges
Answers: p. 555
www.nhantriviet.com Chapter 05 Collocations with Nouns - 271

ÿh "'ins i'/';:'-n'-'n f* ÿÿÿÿÿ-*-
-r- -»•
/\ '
I 1°®" W ÿ=ss I | f ujTime limit; 7 minutes
t% . \J I\ L» II \J i ÿ
.L— %J -I
Part 5
01 Because of time , Mr. Pelham sched¬ 06 Attendees to the product demonstration are
uled a second meeting to discuss items that under no to make any purchase.
were not taken up on the agenda. (A) requirement
(A) inhibitions (B) guarantee
(B) necessities (C) obligation
(C) obstacles (D) reservation
(D) constraints
07 The instruction manual for Xenith's PD-320
02 The store's website charges local sales tax laser printer is a description of how
all items purchased by individuals the machine operates and also shows the
living in the state of Indiana. installation procedure.
(A) on (A) periodic
(B) by (B) informative
(C) at (C) technical
(D) in (D) careful
03 Beginning next week, the bank will require 08 Before your flight takes off, make sure the
two of identification when cashing compartments have been securely
checks and making withdrawals. closed.
(A) terms (A) overlaid
(B) marks (B) overhead
(C) forms (C) overdue
(D) prints (D) overpowered
04 The office furniture at Solar Company 09 The museum director has full confidence
established ten years ago has recently the new curator's ability to organize
begun to show signs of and age. and display the exhibits.
(A) wear (A) by
(B) limit (B) with
(C) failure (C) on
(D) form (D) in
05 Even for domestic flights, baggage 10 Indira Masilimony will lead a discussion at
is three pieces of checked luggage as long the International Commerce Conference
as the largest bag does not exceed 62 inches the emerging marketplaces in China
in length. and India.
(A) permission (A) at
(B) allowance (B) by
(C) estimation (C) on
(D) weight (D) out
272 - Hackers TOEIC Readina www.nhantriviet.rom

Part 6
Security Chip Set to Reduce Fraud
In our rapidly modernizing world, more and more shoppers prefer to purchase everyday items by.
credit card more than any other method. As a result, credit card consumers have become increas¬
ingly vulnerable to fraudulent transactions. But due to the efforts and innovative vision of Monica
Hynde, the mastermind a new, remarkably secure identification chip, shoppers will soon
11 (A) below
(B) among
(C) behind
(D) about
be able to make easier and safer purchases.
Her team of top researchers took two years to develop the technology, based on a small chip
which contains the cardholder's personal information. Strict standards were followed in developing
this unit, to ensure with the government's privacy regulations. The mechanism identifies
12 (A) tolerance
(B) compliance
(C) application
(D) reliance
purchasers, confirms their identity and minimizes potential consumer risks when making transac¬
tions. Manufacturers anticipate that the new security chip system will be by most major
13 (A) implemented
(B) interpreted
(C) notified
(D) fulfilled
credit card companies by the end of next year.
;•
Answers: p. 555
vvww.nhantriviet.com Chapter 05 Collocations with Nouns - 273

Question Types and Useful Tips
These types of questions require examinees to choose a missing part of a collocation which
is a combination of adjective + noun, verb + noun, adverb + adjective. For example, broad
knowledge, raise a question, readily available, etc.
1. First, look at the words right before or after the gap. Then, choose an option that forms a
chunk or combination.
Applicants unable to their appointment with the interviewer must call one day ahead
of time.
(A) meet (B) come (C) carry (D) keep .
ahead of / keep an appointment

Answer: (D)
The city branch of Warehouse Office Products Ltd. is open for business between the hours of
9 a.m. and 5 p.m. Monday through Saturday. Parking is available in the lot on the corner of
7th and East Jefferson Streets in spots only, so take care to ensure that you do not
: . (A) designated . (B) located . . .
. .
'
(C) replaced (D) received

park in a tow-away area.
lot Dot] / spot [spat] / tow-away

Answer: (A)
11A TDFif" Roarlinn YAAA/VA/ nhsnfm/Iof mm

c
01 deliver a presentation os to better serve customers

deliver a presentation make a presentation Better . , ÿ
j serve.
The director of marketing delivered a short pre¬ Verizon Enterprises set up an Internet-based
sentation on the plans for product expansion. helpline on their website to better serve their
customers.
02 standard price
The : r -•••: v: of our copiers is a bit higher 09 win one's award
than that of our competitors, but the quality of our Dr. Peters won his excellence award from the
after-service is much better. Faculty of Environmental Studies for his research
on renewable energy sources.
<
03 conduct a survey O
D
>
DPI Telecom will co.-c'lc1* s sjivsy to determine io established company
customers' telephone habit for developing a new UK Tools is an established company with a repu¬
phone plan. tation for providing quality products.
04 display a parking permit 11 fiscal year

display = show This collocation refers to a financial year which is a period of
twelve months (not always January to December) for which
All staff must display a parking permit on the front
a business plans its management of money,
window of their vehicles.
The financial outlook for the next fiscal year is
promising.
05 fulfill orders
fulfill an order/ orders: provide what customers have
ordered
i? do business with
CIT Technology shipping department is respon¬ The company is going to do business with a sup¬
sible for fulfilling orders for their machinery. plier in Southeast Asia.
06 superb attention to detail 13 return to normal

superb: :: ÿÿÿ ÿÿ
J"
ÿ
'
:i '\ After unusually cold weather, the temperature
The accountant's superb attention to detail has should return to normal by Friday.
made him a valuable employee.
14 surrounding cities
07 accept an application surrounding cities: the cities around /nearby
Omniphone is now accepting applications for four Tourism officials hope visitors from surrounding
regional sales manager positions. cities will attend the centennial celebration.
www.n ha ntriviet.co rn Chapter 06 Other Collocations - 275

ÿ—
is strictly limited <?o highly qualified
Strictly ÿ
.. '
ÿ
"ÿ
j
1
. ", r
ÿ ÿ
highly: of high level, very
only a particular type of thing. Highly is often found in highly successful or highly unlikely.
Strictly speaking is used to show that somebody is trying
The company is seeking a highly qualified candi¬
to be accurate,
date to fill the position.
The number of rebates is strictly limited to one per
customer.
21 work extended hours
work extended hours = work overtime
i6 economic forecast
To meet the increasing demands, factory employ¬
forecast: prediction
ees will have to work extended hours.
The newly released economic forecast predicts a
rise in interest rates.
2?- in the foreseeable future
This collocation means for as far in the future as can be
1/ make a call determined, based on what is known now.
make progress: improve
The company does not expect a lag in demand in
make a request /requests: request
the foreseeable future.
When making an out-of-office call, remember to
dial 9 first.
23 heavily discounted
hnavily: 1 ÿÿÿ
ÿ
v- ÿ
is prospective employee Hoaviiy rain heavily.

prospective: potential
High-performance computers have been heavily
prospective buyer
discounted after a slump in sales.
Prospective employees are required to make a
five-minute presentation.
combined experience
Combined is a past participle used as an adjective, which
19 readily available refers to something formed by adding things together.
readily available: easily found
The team's combined experience is a plus for the
Applications are readily available at the adminis¬ company.
trative office.

HACKERS PRACTICE
01 a/an ° recognizable brand
02 take customer privacy °

03 earn a ÿ pay 6
04 The car lease agreement includes ° unnÿted'ÿ miles-

05 promotional ° °uffdegr|ments
°6 Ser.r™,ui
07 a informed decis'°"
08 ÿ apprehend
one's attention
09 Handle the crystal with ÿ care.
D ability
11 a vestea
vested ,nterest
a
12
io a famished producl
Unfinished
nrnri„ÿt
ÿ visual
visual
ÿ3 ,d
aias
ÿ observed
ÿ
15 meet one's
°
16 reach one's ° potential
18 ST public awareness
n raise
LJ
Answers: p. 555
www.nhantriviet.com Chapter 06 Other Collocations - 277

ÿ
Time limit: 7 minute
Part 5
01 The director has every confidence that the 06 The packaging of a product is the first thing
qualified trainers will design a shoppers see, so it must be attractive enough
program that will meet the needs of the new to their attention.
accountants. (A) decide
(A) highly (B) bring
(B) acutely (C) catch
(C) severely (D) notice
(D) blandly
07 Farscape Manufacturing will need to increase
02 Browder Electronics' research department is their production staff by 2 percent if they
going to a survey to find out about want to all orders by the end of the
customer satisfaction with their line of kitchen summer.
appliances. (A) affect
(A) meet (B) fulfill
(B) conduct (C) restrain
(C) predict (D) notify
(D) mention
08 With market demand at an all-time low, the
03 Many low-income full-time workers must take manager does not think he will be hiring any
up a second job to a decent wage. new workers in the future.
(A) catch (A) ongoing
(B) win (B) foreseeable
(C) gain (C) surfacing
(D) earn (D) prevalent
04 Virginia Hey, our production manager, will 09 Unions and factory employees have actively
a presentation on the feasibility of involved themselves in the mayoral
the equipment upgrade. election.
(A) deliver (A) forward
(B) proceed (B) prepared
(C) obtain (C) upcoming
(D) agree (D) prospective
05 employees must have a valid 10 About half of the employees have volunteered
driver's license and two years' experience in to work hours to meet consumer
transporting dangerous chemicals. demand for the busy holiday season.
(A) Probable (A) potential
(B) Disgruntled (B) fortified
(C) Prospective (C) extended
(D) Eventual (D) previous
278 - Hackers TOEIC Readina vvww.nhantriviet.com

Part 6
Bargain Book Bazaar!
Novel Ideas Bookstore will be holding its annual clearance sale between 9 a.m. and 4 p.m. this
Saturday, offering enormous discounts on all novels, periodicals, and travel guides. And why stop
at reading just for pleasure when you can your knowledge by upgrading your business
11 (A) multiply
; (B) broaden, : .•- .•/
ÿ
.
<
. .(G) dilate'.
ÿ
O
o
>
-..-v...;. v . , ..v.....',' , .;{p) impress..''- ÿ'
etiquette, learning gourmet cooking, trekking around the world, or refreshing your knowledge of
world history?
I
All extra stock will be discounted, with prices 50 to 80 percent off the original cost!
-ÿ
"(A) '-b'usily''. v
- ;
I
'
'-(B) safely - .
(C) solely
'
(D) heavily .
As we only hold this closeout sale once a year, purchases will be limited to eight books
13 (A) strictly
(B) tensely
(C) densely
(D) compactly
per person so that everyone gets a fair share of the bargains.
Answers; p. 555
www.nhantriviet.com Chapter 06 Other Collocations - 2 79

280 Vi/\a/\a/ nnanfriUiot r/ÿrvs
Content Words
Chapter 07 - Verbs
Chapter 08 - Nouns
Chapter 09 - Adjectives
Chapter 10 - Adverbs
This type of question requires examinees to choose a verb that is appropriate for the context
1. You should look for the key word(s) in the sentence to be able to select a correct option,
2. Then, for transitive verbs, you should pay attention to nouns that can be the direct objects
collocating with certain transitive verbs. You should also pay attention to subject-verb
agreement in the passive voice.
The popularity of low-carbohydrate diets has been declining, so food companies have decided
to their production of low-carbohydrate products.
(A) discontinue (B) disallow (C) disband (D) disengage
popularity [papjulaerati] / carbohydrate [karrbouMidreitj / diet [daiat] / product [prdckkt]

Answer: (A)
Workers are reminded to ensure that each workstation is clean and each machine is running up
to code before signing out this evening. The annual inspection, which is scheduled for tomor¬
row afternoon, will be by government-designated inspectors to ensure that factories
are operating according to safety standards.
workstation [wa:rksteifgn] / up to code / annual inspection / safety standards

Answer: (B)
Ofi*} _ Marl/ore THMf RoÿHinrs www.n

p
Common Ver 1
k
01 hold 07 exceed
Every three months the marketing department Airline policy states that carry-on baggage on all
holds seminars to keep the staff updated on sales domestic flights must not exceed a weight of ten
trends. kilograms.
02 reject 08 address
reject: not agree to an otfer/proposai/request/suggestion/ Labor Union officials will v concerns about
ÿ
plan the recent changes to employee benefits

Because we couldn't think of a cheaper method of packages.
production, the director rejected our proposal for
the new line of motorcycles.
09 appoint
appoint somebody
03 assure appoint someone as + title /position
assure someone + that-clause The company appoints a new financial officer
The chairman assured the investors that the annually to oversee the cost of production.
merger would not affect the value of their
company shares.
io last
The ink cartridges for our printers are guaranteed
04 snrink to last longer than those of our competitors.
shrink: become smaller in size or quantity
The opening of the Kryton Superstore is one of
the major reasons that sales in small local busi¬ 11
nesses started to shrink. The cost of renting office space in the financial
district peaked in September, forcing Aston
Accounting to look for workspace in other areas.
ob reserve
reserve = book
Those attending the packaging and promotions 12 inaugurate
conference must arrange their own flights and A new direct air route between Geneva and
reserve their own hotel accommodations. Bangkok was officially inaugurated yesterday.
lona Yang was inaugurated Wednesday as the 5th
president of the board of directors.
06 forward
forward A to B
The vice president has asked his secretary to for¬ 13 distract
ward all his calls to the hotel in Stockholm where This verb is commonly used in the passive form (distracted),
he's attending the medical conference. which means be unable to concentrate because somebody
is worried about something.
Conference participants were continuously dis¬
tracted by noise from the construction site.
www.nhantrivietcom Chapter 07 Verbs - 283

i4 represent . 21 convene
These figures represent a significant increase in The board of directors will convene next Monday
profits, especially in the South American market. to discuss the proposed expansion.
is retain 22 coordinate
The city council will not issue new building The ideal applicant for this marketing position will
permits unless developers promise to retain the be able to coordinate the activities of buyers and
historical beauty of the neighborhood. sellers in the retail industry.
16 hesitate 23 relocate
Do not hesitate to ÿ
1
relocate = move
Do not hesitate to contact one of our representa¬ Volentia announced plans to relocate its manufac¬
tives if you need any further information. turing plant to China.
i7 verify 24 curb ;
verify = confirm curb = restrain
Please include the original receipt in order to Higher energy costs will likely curb fuel and elec¬
verify the date of purchase. tricity usage.
is rush 25 delegate
rush to + bare infinitive Supervisors are expected to delegate responsibil¬
The product development team rushed to com¬ ities in a timely and efficient manner.
plete the new design before the deadline.
26 accommodate
19 violate !
The luxurious beachfront rooms can easily
Restaurateurs must be careful not to violate any accommodate up to seven guests.
health regulations.
2/ broaden
20 alter The grant allows us to broaden our research into
alter = change several different areas.
Because the content had been altered signifi¬ T ravel broadens the mind.
cantly, the editor suggested that the writer also
change the title of the article.
~~ Harkprc TOPIC RAarftnn www nhantrivipf .mm

28 implement . 33 supplement
implement = carry out Although he earns a competitive wage as a
Sun Telecom has implemented a new policy on research analyst, Mr. Evans supplements his
long-distance rates, income by working as second job on Saturdays.
29 indicate 34 acquire .
indicate ÿ
acquire = get, gain
Studies indicate that employee performance is The developers wish to acquire land for a new
linked to job satisfaction. industrial park.
<
O
r>
>
30 patronize 3b emerge >
TO
Younger people are more likely to patronize mod¬ PharmaMed has emerged as a new force in the
ern health facilities than the elderly. pharmaceutical market.
31 obstruct 36 deposit
Before driving, adjust the rear view mirror so that deposit money
deposit checks
nothing obstructs your view.
Payments must be deposited into our bank
account by the last day of each month.
32 alleviate ÿ
alleviate = reduce, relieve

In an effort to alleviate traffic congestion, the city
introduced new bus lanes.
www.nhantriviet.com Chapter 07 Verbs - 285

Common Expressions with Verb
01 anticipate a decrease in sales

02 justify the time spent
03 gauge the applicants' abilities
04 solicit bids
05 release funds
06 The merger will help the company diversify.
07 curb the economic recovery
08 inspect product quality

09 authorize a second printing
10 terminate the agreement
11 automate computer tasks

12 utilize a new method
13 taste some local dishes
14 supply training handouts
15 prevent construction accidents
16 His skills match the job responsibilities.
17 a bus bearing a large advertisement
18 The name is engraved in gold.
19 redesign the display window
20 devise a new plan
21 reveal the company's plan
22 allocate funds for improvements

23 Audits are regularly scheduled.
24 prohibit smoking indoors
25 The work was proceeding as planned.
26 attract bargain hunters
27 Your expertise benefits the company.
286 - Hackers TOEIC Readina www.nhantrivipt mm

1
28 be reprimanded for procrastinating
29 renew the contract
30 affix the stamp to the envelope

31 need to obtain a license
32 prescribe diabetes medication
33 handle the packages with care
34 detach the last section of the form <
O
d
>
35 order a new edition
36 adopt a new strategy
37 review the year-end report
38 reward one's efforts
39 Growth is not expected to abate.
40 dilute the concentrate with water
41 bill guests for room service
42 in order for the rebate to apply

43 oversee operations in Asia
44 refuse damaged goods

45 confirm the reservation
46 present an official ID card

47 submit photocopies
48 The bar graph illustrates the dip in sales.
49 follow the directions
50 The report asserts that reorganization is needed.
51 forfeit one's driver's license
52 consolidate their market standing
53 The message should be conveyed to new staff.
54 require more information
www.nhantriviet.com Chapter 07 Verbs - 287

HACKERS PRACTICE
Tick a correct verb in each phrase or sentence.
01 Revenue estimates ÿ tend to be optimistic.
ÿ accumulate ""e,s .. , .
02 ÿ organize
thoughts
03 ÿ cause6 a decline in sales

04 ÿ travel
the head office
05 ,hat ,he CE0 wi" resi9n'

" is ÿ expected
06 ° f.°"®lder the current market value

ÿ thmK
f I 'spnri
07 jzj a reliable delivery company
08 The package
° airfare.
09 The analyst
3 E3 prepares that stock prices will rise.
ÿ r
10 °
ÿ decline
the invitation
11 ÿ notif5'e,e the pape™ork

12 A new product will be
° ?nÿ;cded
ÿexamine
,3 ,he fj|es
14 a expand
ÿ labor
15 ÿ employ
outdoors
16 ÿ avofcT a Proc|Liction slowdown

17 Employees are n rememberecl that S + V'
18 The shirt does not Ej ÿ.ear the customer.

ÿ fit
19 ° °ontr0l Patrons a better deal

20 ° |nggÿe the disk into the computer
288 ...
Answers: p. 555
www.nhantriviet.com
. Time limit: 12 minutes
Part 5
01 Those wishing to a room at the hotel 06 Diners are more likely to restaurants
for the Asian Export Conference are urged to that serve excellent food and provide friendly
contact the travel agent as soon as possible. service.
(A) appoint (A) encourage
(B) require (B) promote
(C) reserve (C) patronize
(D) attach (D) nurture
02 Some supervisors are reluctant to 07 A number of studies that allowing

responsibilities because they know they will employees greater leeway to make decisions <
O
n
be held accountable if something goes wrong. gives them a greater sense of responsibility >
(A) ask at the workplace.

(B) delegate (A) interpret
o
(C) encourage (B) indulge o
(D) share (C) indicate

(D) induce o
03 The building owner generally does not

tenants to make renovations in their units. 08 The annual office equipment convention will
(A) permit be on May 7 in Barcelona, so those
(B) commit wishing to attend must file a request with the
(C) transmit office manager.
(D) submit (A) held
(B) offered
04 A group of environmentalists concerns (C) stayed
about recent drastic environmental change (D) referred
including temperature increases in Northern
Canada and Russia. 09 Residents can the permit by
(A) requested downloading the form from the website and
(B) left submitting the completed form to City Hall.
(C) understood (A) tear
(D) addressed (B) enhance
(C) restore
05 In order to traffic on the roads, (D) obtain
the Ministry of Transportation has begun a
campaign to encourage individuals to use 10 Your subscription to any of our online news¬
public transportation. letters can be at any time simply by
(A) alleviate submitting a request for cancellation by e-mail.
(B) assist (A) terminated
(C) deteriorate (B) exterminated
(D) remove (C) eliminated
(D) finished
wvwjihantriviet.com Chapter 07 Verbs - 289

11 The clinic will you the results of your 16 The client was satisfied with the new curtains,
medical exam once it has received them from but she requested that the length be
the laboratory. so that they would not touch the floor.
(A) retain (A) qualified
(B) forward (B) diversified
(C) submit (C) widened
(D) develop (D) altered
12 The shareholders will this afternoon 17 Our financial adviser that investments
to finalize resolutions on the use of the in new projects will increase as a result of
company's net income and the payment of lower bank interest rates.
year-end dividends. (A) predicts
(A) accompany (B) ponders
(B) confide (C) questions
(C) convene (D) releases
(D) facilitate
18 The installation of the new security software
13 To a larger percent of the market was delayed because of a technical problem
share in cellular phones, OneWorld is that while technicians were testing
attempting to appeal to a wider audience. the system.
(A) produce (A) revealed
(B) inflate (B) emerged
(C) spread (C) acted
(D) acquire (D) occupied
14 All companies wishing to set up displays at 19 Please do not the first part of the
the trade fair in Milan must make sure their form from the second, or it will be invalid.
exhibits do not the size of a standard (A) correspond
showroom. (B) write
(A) exist (C) detach
(B) prevent (D) withdraw
(C) delay
(D) exceed 20 You need to enough money to cover
the balance of the bills to pay your bills through
15 I am writing to my attendance at the your account.
Symposium on Medical Technologies to be (A) amount
held next weekend. (B) deposit
(A) contact (C) coin
(B) confront (D) lend
(C) confirm
(D) contend
7QO Harkprs TOFIC Rparlinn www nhanfrivlpf rnm

Part 6
Questions 21=23 refer to the following notice.
Chicago Classical Music Hall

Additional Information Regarding Ticketing
This year we have added ten additional shows to the classical concert series. There has been an
overwhelming demand for tickets, and with only limited seating capacity available for each perform¬
ance, those interested are urged to make reservations in advance.
Tickets may be picked up at the box office prior to each show. Proper identification, such as a
driver's license, must be presented with your credit card when you pay for your tickets. This
21 (A) simultaneously
(B) extraneously
(C) stringently
(D) concisely
procedure is necessary in order to your identity so that others cannot use your tickets.
22 (A) rearrange
'
7:(G);diSC0Uflf
. . ÿ(D) verify : .
:
Also, if the original receipt has been , buyers can receive a free concert T-shirt at the box
-M' vÿÿ23:(A):cootracteclvV
'(B) collected
.
(C);=gauQedÿ
(D) retained
office. For any inquiries, please call 1500-555-1588 to speak with one of our customer
representatives.
Answers: p. 556
wwfv.nhantriviet.com Chapter 07 Verbs - 291

This type of question requires examinees to choose a noun that is appropriate for the context.
You should look for the preposition and key word(s) in the sentence to be able to select a
correct option.
Having a large directory of business can be a plus for anyone in the travel industry.
(A), tactics (B) combinations (C) contacts . (D) indications
directory [direktari] / plus [pks]

Answer: (C)
At only a fraction of the normal registration price, joining has never been easier or more advan¬
tageous. Not only will you have access to all of our online services, but as an added of
(A) petition (B) course
(C) possibility (D) benefit
membership, Info-Mate now provides full networking opportunities for other members in all its
chapters.
at a fraction of / registration [redjistreifan] / membership [membarfip] Ichapter [t/aeptar]

Answer: (D)
292 - Hackers lOEIC Reading www.nhantr»vIetcorr»

Common Nouns
01 challenge 08 supervision
One of the most difficult challenges faced by pub¬ The product development department has been
lishing editors is to meet deadlines yet maintain a under the supervision of Joanne for the past five
level of high-quality writing. years.
02 shortage 09 subscriber
As the urban population increases, local residents Challenger International is a well-known economic
have begun to face a shortage of affordable hous¬ publication with subscribers in more than eighty
ing in the downtown area. countries around the world.
<
O
o
>
03 receipt io precaution
All tax forms submitted to the accounting office take precautions to + bare infinitive
o
will be kept on file for five years from the date of Although we take every precaution to make sure o
receipt. that all deliveries arrive in good condition, acci¬

dents occasionally occur. o
EL
04 brochure
Delvian Industries launched a direct-mail advertis¬ 11 itinerary
ing campaign which includes colorful brochures of itinerary = schedule/timetable

their new kitchen appliances. The itinerary for Dr. Black's trip includes visits to
both Shanghai and Osaka.
05 issue
The interview with Velorek Corporation's CEO 12 hospitality

will be printed in the next issue of the financial extend hospitality to
magazine. I'd like to thank you for the hospitality extended to
me during my visit.
06 delegation
We are expecting a delegation of officials from 13 stance
our European branch at the trade fair on June 27. stance = position
The spokesperson announced the company's
stance on outsourcing.
07 review
The food critic from the local newspaper gave
Bonjour, the new French restaurant in the city's 14 method
financial district, an excellent review. Customers may choose from several convenient
methods of payment.
www.nhantrivietcom Chapter 08 Nouns - 293

I
15 speculation 22 advantage
Despite widespread speculation about its finan¬ Advantage refers to a greater chance of success.
Profit refers to money.
cial difficulties, the company has offered no price
Benefit refers to social welfare.
reductions on their products.
Having a broad knowledge of the computer indus¬
try is an advantage in this firm.
16 assurance i
assurance = guarantee
23 perception
Completion of a university degree carries no
assurance of earning a high salary. Ms. Flick challenged the perception that a CEO
needs to be over the age of forty.
17 alternative
24 chance
Taking two or more part-time jobs is a valid alter¬
native to full-time employment. The forecaster said there's a 20 percent chance
of rain in the late afternoon.
is cultivation
25 force .
Experts recommend the cultivation of plants as a
force: a group of people organized and trained
good means of relieving stress.
Although the company is relatively new, it has
Our business depends largely on the cultivation of
become a force to contend with.
a diverse network of clients.
26 notification
i9duration
Employees need to provide written notification of
Medical studies have shown that vitamin C is
their intention to take leave.
effective in reducing the duration of colds and flu.
27 function
20 atmosphere
function: an official ceremony or a formal social event, such
elegant atmosphere
as a party or a special meal, at which a lot of people are
One of the benefits of working at Clean Cuts Hair present
Salon is the comfortable atmosphere. The hotel provides various facilities for social and
business functions.
21 effort
in an effort to + bare infinitive 28 expertise .
In an effort to increase output, management intro¬ Our consulting team is ready to provide expertise
duced production bonuses. in Internet broadcasting technology.
7Qd - Markers; TflFtf Rearlinn wvviv.nhantriviet.com

ÿ
reimbursement :
29 momentum 33
momentum: the force that keeps an object moving or reimbursement; the advance money someone pays for
developing after it has started business issues and gets returned later by the company
The shift toward the use of environmental tech¬ Traveling salesmen receive reimbursement for
nologies is gaining momentum. expenses incurred while on the road.
30 profit 34 monopoly
The conference aims to help farmers generate Clearnet lost its monopoly on Internet services
large net profits from alternative crops. with the privatization of the telecommunications
market.
<
O
ii morale
By improving the morale of the players, the new 35 revenue .
coach was successful in leading the team all the It is correct to use large/high revenue, but not large/high/
small money.
way to the national championships.
Portable MP3 players earn the largest revenue in
the music player market.
32 negotiation
Planning for the next stage of negotiations is cur¬
36 asset
rently underway in New York.
We here at EB Creative Services consider our
staff to be our most valuable asset.

Common Expressions with Noun
01 The CD player is under warranty.
02 in the closing stage of negotiations
03 his unwillingness to invest a large sum
04 a characteristic of a good manager
05 speak to the manager for clarification
06 make revisions to the hard copy
07 oversee the coordination of all projects
08 feedback from a survey
09 a budget of one million dollars
10 a paper on refinancing loans
11 pay dividends on its preferred stock
12 The CEO is calling for proposals.
13 The bank statement showed inconsistencies.
14 The contractor's main concern was the timetable.
15 excellent examples of modern architecture
16 Success depends on the participation of members.
17 ensure the long-term stability of the program
18 attach a letter of reference
19 the general consensus
20 select some candidates for the award
21 after the close of bidding
22 Competition increased overnight.
23 reliable analysis of the balance sheet
24 receive an award
IQf, _ Harkprx TOFif Rear-linn www# nhanfrtvipf mm

ÿ
25 expand the capacity of the communication network
26 The second floor will be closed for renovation.
27 meet with company representatives
28 fill out a complaint form
29 a large gap between supply and demand
30 An education serves as the foundation for a career.

<
O
n
31 agreement with the proposal >
>
32 Some studies suggest that S + V. PO
-<
33 the demand for medical personnel
34 progress toward a safer workplace
35 requests for grant proposals
36 an important step in gaining equality
37 offer financial incentives to qualified patients
38 delays in shipping
39 They all belong to the union.
40 use extreme caution
41 Attendees must register today.
42 an airtight container to store food
43 violation of office rules
44 Plastic is resistant to corrosion.
45 begin another expansion project
46 The menu includes a selection of wines.
47 the purpose of the meeting

HACKERS PRACTICE
Tick a correct noun in each phrase or sentence.
01 ÿ developments in technology
02 seek j=j gÿjvice from a stockbroker
03 express one's° apprecfation
04 Professional attire
ÿ
- ambivalenceÿ
ls necessarV-
EJ
05 International ÿ commerce has increased.
06 The fire caused widespread ÿ Damage

07 the firs, stage of
08 An ÿ See" mi9ht be made"

ÿ lecture
09 attend a public ÿ speaker
10 manufacture ladies' °
11 Meals are your J"*
12 Put the form in the
°
ÿ establishment.
13 There is room for ÿ improvement.
14 We apologize for the ° inconvenience.

15 a species in danger of
16 a 'ar9e ÿ connection °f artwork

17 expect a gradual
° in March
18 aQ minimum of two years' experience

19 His ÿ neutron* was in dispule'
")GQ
__
U-sr-L-nrc DflsHir \mvm\m
Answers: p. 556
nhantriwipt mm
H v* ;
JS I Time limit: 12 minutes
Part 5
01 One of the great of working for 06 Stratos Airways takes every to ensure
Seal Corporation is its excellent treatment that your check-in baggage arrives at its final
of employees. destination.
(A) courtesies (A) idea
(B) advantages (B) regulation
(C) profits (C) precaution
(D) favors (D) offer
02 The new executive officer brings with him 07 The local government has a total of
in the areas of policy making, ten million dollars for job skills training for <
O
n
strategy formulation and business unemployed people. >
acquisitions. (A) book
(A) inquiry (B) budget
(B) conversion (C) profit
(C) jurisdiction (D) wallet
(D) expertise
08 The risks in investing in Data-Tech are high,
03 The project manager gave Claudia Goddard but it could bring substantial in the
an outstanding performance for her future.
excellent work on the advertising promotion. (A) rewards
(A) standard (B) cash
(B) review (C) payments
(C) statement (D) expenses
(D) request
09 The next of Starburst Magazine will
04 Clarkson and Sons is in the last of contain a report from our manufacturing plant
the study and will soon submit a report on its in Indonesia.
findings. (A) cost
(A) paths (B) issue
(B) drafts (C) guarantee
(C) ways (D) state
(D) stages
10 During the economic crisis, the company
05 The weather forecaster has announced that generated the smallest in the history
there is a of showers later in the of its operation.
evening. (A) finances
(A) speculation (B) charges
(B) fate (C) money
(C) chance (D) revenue
(D) prospect

11 The PR Department of the Merrill Power 16 The financial of the shipping industry
Corporation issued a press release is dependent on the continued growth and
making clear the firm's on current improvement of the country's fleet of cargo
environmental issues. liners.
(A) circumstance (A) stability
(B) stance (B) allocation
(C) composition (C) donation
(D) substitution (D) statement
12 The most successful general managers 17 The of being a fashion designer is

assert that human resources are the most creating clothing that is both attractive and
important in any establishment. comfortable for the consumer.
(A) worth (A) introduction
(B) benefit (B) orientation
(C) asset (C) challenge
(D) personal (D) submission
13 The firm has a total on the apparatus 18 The deadline for submission of for
because it is the only company authorized to the river cleaning project has been extended
produce it. to the end of the month.
(A) monologue (A) intentions
(B) monograph (B) advice
(C) monotone (C) indications
(D) monopoly (D) proposals
14 All products ordered from the YTV website 19 The restaurant is undergoing in
are shipped within one week from the hopes of attracting more business-class
of an order. clients.
(A) receipt (A) formation
(B) admission (B) magnification
(C) permission (C) renovation
(D) ownership (D) boost
15 A spokesperson from FutureNet Ltd. reported 20 All workers at the Argo Chemicals production
that there had recently been a number of plant are under the direct of the
innovative in the networking industry. facility manager.
(A) digits (A) participation
(B) developments (B) supervision
(C) repetitions (C) view
(D) decisions (D) provision

Part 6
From: Warren Reynolds, PR Department

To: All staff
We would like to inform all employees at Burrows Design Ltd. that a new quality program
21 (A) acceptance
(B) assurance
(0) location
*
<
O
(D) confidence ri
>
.....................
will be implemented starting next month. Strict quality regulation procedures will be introduced
to guarantee that our reputation for excellence in design is maintained. While working on new o
o
projects, staff will be required to keep an online record of their work to confirm that the new quality
specifications are met. On completion, the record will then be submitted to the management office
for , after which feedback will be provided.
22'(A)"ev.a!uat'iQ!% ... . . . ...
(B) reservation
'
'
(C) expectation
«
.
:
(D) implication..... ....... . . : . '!
A special full-day introductory seminar has been scheduled for Saturday, February 19 in Conference
Room 101, at which the new quality specifications will be explained in detail. It is that all
23 (A) decisive
(B) willing
(C) resourceful
.. (D) imperative
staff members attend, and overtime will be paid accordingly.
Answers: p. 556
www.nhantrivietcom Chapter 08 Nouns - 301

't. ism
This type of question requires examinees to choose an adjective that is appropriate for the
context,
1. For an adjective that modifies a noun, you should choose the one that appropriately goes
with that noun.
2. You should look for the preposition and key word(s) in the sentence to be able to select a
correct option.
Information technology and computer networks have provided offices and homes with
gains in efficiency and productivity.
(A) overpowering (B) noble: (C) affected (D) impressive
gain [gem] / efficiency [ifijansi] / productivity [proudaktivati]

Answer: (D)
We have carefully considered each of our valuable and talented employees for this award, but
only one could be selected. It took much deliberation, but we have reached consensus that out
of the hundreds of ideas to emerge over the past year, Brian Lee's have been the most
(A) respective (B) interested
(C) innovative (D) attracted
talented [taekmtid] / deliberation [dilibareijaxi] / reach consensus / emerge [imarrdj]

Answer: (C)
30? Harkprs TOPIC" Rparlinn www.nhantriviet.com

Common Adjective
01 definitive os incidental
The Keiko Ono Corporation is considered to be incidental expenses
the definitive source for fashion trends in East Please make sure to report major issues at the
Asia. meeting only and do not bring up incidental details
that are off topic.
02 exceptional
The Alamo Convention Center provides state-of- 09 limited
the-art facilities and equipment and exceptional limited resources
service. For a limited time only, Leavitt Furniture is offering
all stock at a significant discount.
03 latest
latest = up-to-date 10 incorrect
Marco Textiles had to reprint their latest catalogs incorrect = false

because of a few minor errors. The phone number the applicant listed on the form
was incorrect, so there was no way to contact him.
04 confidential
confidential = secret 11 partial
Please remind all employees to keep confidential We are sending only a partial order, as the head¬
documents in a secure location. phones you requested have been discontinued.
os temporary 1-i v
temporary: not lasting for a long time Ms. Lopez has been a valued advisor in the area
a temporary office
of South American market research for more than
Dr. Bell is hiring a temporary replacement for his twenty years.
nurse who will be on vacation for a month.
13 unprecedented
06 key unprecedented event
key elements unprecedented disaster
key issues
Record sales by such a small firm are
Following the presentation on key corporate tax unprecedented.
laws, there will be a question and answer period.
vi promising
07 subsequent a promising youth
Business was slow during the first year of the Job opportunities for new graduates will be more
restaurant, but it attracted more customers in promising than before.
subsequent years.

I
15 tentative 22 affordable
tentative = provisional: not certain Affordable does not refer to a high or low price but the
price at which people can be able to buy.
The release date for the new product is still con¬
sidered tentative. Today's personal computers are affordable and
accessible to most people.
16 respective
respective: ÿ
' 'v :
ÿ
j:-j
ÿ
;ÿÿÿ:' >' "

23 annual
people or things you have just mentioned annual report
Do not confuse it with respectful, which means having annual salary
admiration for someone/something. Those interested should register for the annual
All images on this web page are the property of conference by next week.
their respective illustrators.
24 available
1/ defective A (a product) is available to B (a user).
This adjective describes something that has a fault or does
Savings options are available to all customers of
not work correctly.
the American First Bank.
Store owners are offering refunds on all defective
merchandise.
25 consecutive
for the + ordinal number + consecutive year: during a
is insecure
period of time without interruption
Department store sales have decreased, as shop¬ ATLP announced that its stock value had risen for
pers feel insecure about the current economy. the fifth consecutive year.
19 illegible 26 unwavering
illegible handwriting
Ecolife has joined local environmental groups to
Because of a printing mistake, the documents are declare their unwavering commitment to protect¬
illegible. ing the river from illegal waste disposal.
20 enviable 27 diverse :
Mr. Brown has not only enviable sales record but diverse = various
more than twenty years of marketing experience. Recent hires reflected the company's goal to have
a diverse workforce.
21 alert
alert = attentive 2s substantial
be alert to + bare infinitive substantial: large in size/value/importance
Our team supervisor was alert enough to spot the The company has invested a substantial amount
errors in the report. of capital into its new projects.
304 - Markers TOPIC Rpadina www.nhanfrivipt.rorn

tiliStei,...-
29 liable .: 33 unclaimed
be liable to + bare infinitive = be likely to + bare infinitive Unclaimed refers to things /objects that nobody has
claimed as belonging to them.
During an economic crisis, many small businesses
are liable to fail. The airport introduced new security procedures
for unclaimed baggage.
30 chronological .
;
34 durable
The newspaper listed the events in chronological
order. All Playtoy products are strong and durable and
are made out of non-toxic materials for your
child's protection. <
O
n
31 overdue >
overdue: :ÿ
.v
ÿÿÿ" ÿ
ÿ
!
:
a period of time + overdue 35 eligible . >
be eligible to + bare infinitive /be eligible for + noun o

The books he had borrowed were two days o
overdue. Donors are eligible to become members of the

Gold Star Club.
&
Workers are eligible for compensation.
32 unanimous ÿ
be unanimous for: fully agree with

Do not confuse unanimous with anonymous, which means 36 additional
made or done by someone whose name is not known. additional = extra
The proposal to cut costs obtained unanimous additional charge
shareholder approval. The accounting department is looking for
additional ways to save money on the cost of
packaging and handling.
www.rihantriviet.coni Chapter 09 Adjectives - 305

Common Expressions with Adjectives
01 the overall effectiveness of the program
02 The supervisor is extremely demanding on the staff.
03 The office is in a desirable location.
04 mounting pressure
05 technical problems
06 reliable employees
07 an authorized car repair center
08 a diversified line of products
09 an unbiased opinion
10 an active program to support small companies
11 accurate data
12 detailed information
13 required application documents
14 a totally independent agency
15 a strategic location
16 ensure the efficient processing of complaints
17 The slide projector was unavailable.
18 get regular check-ups

* «.
19 delicate issues involving civil rights
20 at a rapid pace
21 a comprehensive physical examination
22 differing opinion
<
23 on a clear day O
r>
>
CO
—
C
i
>
24 the reserved room
O
o
=3
«—*ÿ
25 It is imperative that you go to the meeting. CD
26 Security has been lax.
27 a powerful engine
28 might be especially beneficial
29 make the manual accessible to users
30 The company is not progressive.
31 be compensated for unused leave days
32 the medicinal uses of aloe vera
33 past findings
34 incompetent employees
35 feel apprehensive during the interview

HACKERS PRACTICE
Tick a correct adjective in each phrase or sentence.
01 manage an/a
° ÿ[jvati'ng amount of work
02 eat at a ÿ solicited
restaurant
03 The food was ° ÿJorthÿ the lon9 wait-

ÿ condensed
m
04 at
ÿ reasonable
rates
05 wi,h a S confident manner
O? i" 'He ÿ
n coming ™SUeI" 1
08Mi,kisa°P~e,ood.
09 revamp the company's ° occurrfng systems

10 The sponsors were p acctiÿomed that event was successful.
11 have a D contradictory breakfast

Q comp|jmentary
12 a ÿ ru!!fVab'e source °* Petro'eum
Answers: p. 556

Part 5
01 The city council is considering the construction 06 Attendance to the first electronics trade fair in
of an subway line to solve some of Dallas was low, but events drew a
the local traffic problems. larger number of visitors.
(A) optional (A) previous
(B) incidental (B) late
(C) intentional (C) after
(D) additional (D) subsequent
02 Although stock options were previously 07 Although all members of the discount club
offered only to management, the rank and file may order items from the website, rebates <
O
n
are now to purchase options. are only to those members who >
(A) appropriate have kept their accounts active.

(B) eligible (A) creditable
(C) available (B) considerable
(D) befitting (C) approachable
(D) available
03 Documents containing information
about company employees cannot be 08 Media Creators, producer of family-oriented
released to anyone without the human fast food restaurant advertisements, has won
resources director's written permission. the coveted Advertising Award for the third
(A) accidental year.
(B) confidential (A) connected
(C) deliberate (B) associated
(D) careful (C) consecutive
(D) continuous
04 If you have any problems using the cellular
phone, take it to any service center 09 Synertex's factories use the technol¬
for repairs. ogy and equipment to produce their medical
(A) limited equipment.
(B) authorized (A) longest
(C) permissive (B) latest
(D) sufficient (C) instant
(D) conclusive
05 When delivering food, delivery
companies use special refrigerated trucks 10 The shop specializes in furniture and table
and insulating materials to prevent the food accessories that are to low- and
from spoiling. medium-income households.
(A) perishable (A) curable
(B) spoiled (B) believed
(C) fragile (C) excessive
(D) durable (D) affordable

11 The manual was written in such a manner 16 Advertising is the element in
as to be readily to laymen and maintaining high levels of sales in the
nonprofessionals. competitive beauty product market.
(A) acknowledgeable (A) key
(B) expressible (B) convenient
(C) familiar (C) marginal
(D) accessible (D) complete
12 Chang and Nobel legal firm provides 17 Camping gear such as tents, sleeping bags,
medical coverage to its part-time employees. and backpacks is made from exceptionally
(A) minor materials such as nylon or canvas.
(B) restrained (A) justifiable
(C) limited (B) durable
(D) confined (C) legible
(D) reversible
13 Plans for the consul's visit to the company
are still considered , but our 18 Despite the growing popularity of the Internet,
representative will call you once the television advertising remains one of the most
arrangements are fixed. ways to promote products.
(A) vigilant (A) satisfied
(B) tentative (B) reluctant
(C) contemporary (C) dependent
(D) infinite (D) effective
14 For those who want to work as a business 19 The job requirements are much too
analyst, experience in market research is a even for staff who have the necessary skills
highly attribute. and experience.
(A) beneficial (A) demanding
(B) repetitive (B) exciting
(C) superficial (C) revolting
(D) expensive (D) compelling
15 Consumer Institute representative Debbie 20 Few people would be to relocate to

Dorday gave an speech on digital areas that do not provide sufficient transporta¬
cameras and what to look for when tion facilities.
purchasing one. (A) convincing
(A) indicative (B) wishing
(B) excited (C) willing
(C) informative (D) starting
(D) interested
T.n n_,t Tnnr vA/\AAAf rihanfrivipt

Part 6
ilnQP
Norman Lord
246 Kandahar Crescent
Boulder, CO 80301
Dear Mr, Lord,
As you may have heard, Infinicorp Ltd. has posted a record profit for the past business year. Earn¬
ings came in at 837 million dollars, representing an turnaround since the company's huge
21 (A) impenetrable
(B) immovable
(C) unprecedented
(D) insubordinate
loss two years ago. At that time, the corporation made a considerable loss of 342 million
22 (A) justly
(B) nearly
(C) mostly
(D) fluently
dollars. The company's rise has been largely attributed to the notable talents of CEO,
23 (A) unlimited
(B) impressed
(C) forbidden
(D) incredible
Mr. Richard Baker, who was inaugurated only two years ago. This profit translates into benefits for
all shareholders, and I am delighted to announce that Infinicorp will be turning this profit into a spe¬
cial dividend of forty cents per share. I would like to thank you for remaining one of our most loyal
and valued shareholders.
Sincerely,
Artimus Bertwhistle
Executive Director, Infinicorp Ltd.
Answers: p. 556
www.nhantriviet.com Chapter 09 Adjectives - 31 1

This type of question requires examinees to choose an adverb that is appropriate for the
context.
1. You should look for the key word(s) in the sentence to be able to select a correct option.
2. Sometimes, you do not need to read the whole sentence but just look at the part of speech
that the adverb modifies in order to choose a correct option.
All individuals who use their credit card frequently should check their transaction
history to verify that no errors have been made.
(A) periodically (B) precisely . (C) incidentally . (D)indefinitely
check [t/ek] / transaction history / verify [verafai]

Answer: (A)
In the past year, Tnreestar Automotive's automobile exports increased by 12.6 percent, bring¬
ing in gross profits of around $500 million. The relatively new company has grown in
: .... (A) eagerly . . -(B.).immediately
. . . .. : . . . . .
-
; : .(C) recently . (D) rapidly . ..
the five years since its inauguration, and considering the company's planned diversification
into the pharmaceutical sector, the future looks bright indeed.
bring in / gross profit / inauguration [inargjareijaii] / diversification [diva:rsafik6ij'an]

Answer: (D)

Common Adverbs I
01 dramatically 08 densely ÿ
dramatically: suddenly, obviously Heavy industry has been steadily moving out of
This adverb often refers to an increase or a decrease. densely populated areas.
The Unigue-Co's stock shares rose dramatically
during the sale season in the summer months.
09 unbearably
The unbearably low temperatures this week have
02 fully :
led to record sales increases in winter clothing at
fully = completely local department stores.
fully booked
The business community did not fully appreciate
the marketing potential of the Internet.
10 virtually
virtually = practically
The offices at Decatur Bio-research are virtually

03 personally
empty during the month of August when most
All advertisements in the Cloverfield Times must employees go on vacation.
be personally approved by the editor-in-chief
before they are submitted for publication.
11 relatively
The increased crop yield was attributed to the

04 exclusively
past winter's relatively warm weather.
The Fisher Investment Company has created a
new department to concentrate exclusively on
emerging markets in South-East Asia.
12 mutually
The beverage manufacturer formed a partnership
with the restaurant chain that was expecting to
05 occasionally
provide sales opportunities mutually for both
occasionally = sometimes
companies.
Hewes and Associates' department heads meet
occasionally to discuss new clients or projects.
13 enthusiastically .
enthusiastically = ardently
06 ahead
The staff enthusiastically applauded the CEO's
ahead of: early/ before
decision to increase wages.
Be sure to call ahead for a reservation to avoid
excessive delays.
14 otherwise
. otherwise
ov regularly : otherwise which means if riot that is used after a suggestion
to show what the result will be if you do not follow it.
In order to keep up to date with office schedules,
employees are required to regularly check the You will continue to receive these weekly newslet¬
office message board. ters unless otherwise requested.

r; radically r immediately
radically = fundamentally This adverb can stand on its own or be used in the structure
immediately upon V-ing/ immediately after + adverb
In an attempt to attract younger consumers, the
clause.
ad campaign was radically changed.
Employees are instructed to punch in immediately
upon arriving at work.
ÿÿconsistently
Lewis' Law Firm has consistently provided quality 22 simultaneously :
services at affordable prices.
simultaneously = at the same time
Do not confuse it with spontaneously, which means hap¬
pening in a sudden and natural way.
17 solely ; ÿ
Training sessions given by the company are

solely = only simultaneously funny and informative.
The firm relied solely on word-of-mouth
advertising.
23 minimally
Construction work on lanes 3 and 4 will affect the
is significantly : . flow of traffic only minimally and should be com¬
New drilling technologies are expected to signifi¬ pleted by early afternoon.
cantly boost oil production capacity.
24 promptly
19 directly The broken equipment at the plant must be

directly: without anyone /anything else being involved or in repaired promptly.
between
The staff knows that Mr. Rich wants meetings to
If you have any questions or comments, please begin promptly at 8:00 a.m.
contact me directly.
20 currently :
The fifth floor of this building is currently open for
public tours.
31A Warfare TAPIf Raarlinn www.nhantrivipt.rom

c
01 a fairly simple method
02 accidentally discover a confidential document
03 record expenses accurately
04 carelessly broke the rules
05 On May 1, the store will officially open.
06 choose randomly
07 has consistently arrived on time
08 Customers repeatedly use the service.
09 Prices increased markedly.
10 Lateness will be severely penalized.
11 Visitors are routinely asked to show their IDs.
12 an unusually high profit return
13 voluntarily work overtime
14 His experience was exclusively in sales.
15 Doctors were previously unable to cure the disease.
16 Regrettably, we have to close our doors.
17 He will undoubtedly take the position.
18 The equipment operates properly.

19 The partners worked cooperatively.
20 be adequately wrapped to avoid damage
21 talk to patrons politely
22 Our office has recently moved.
23 deal with problems appropriately
24 expand substantially
25 cost significantly less
26 follow the directions carefully
27 The plant operates efficiently.
28 be temporarily out of stock
29 The hotel is conveniently located near the shopping district.
30 The network system will eventually need upgrading.

HACKERS PRACTICE
Tick a correct adverb in each phrase or sentence.
n late"
01 The restaurant stays open n fgr
02 The bridge is j=j presently under construction-
03 cut spending, ° on recreation
<
o
°4paÿSS,ely n
>
05 He ° inrtially7 resisted the chan9e- &
»ÿsr,n,iyÿ on donations
07 j=j A[mosTabiy he left the building.
08 fasten the straP ÿ securely
09 the ° once
ÿ
famous celebrity
10 The product line will jEj fjÿNy be 'aunc'iec'-
11 Tourists visit ° fggufady throughout the year.

12 ÿ Apparently,
she lostthe ori9inal'
13 The book is read ° brightly by both boys and girls-

14 do one's job °
1=
<srvadmired
Answers: p. 556
www.rihantriviet.com Chapter 10 Adverbs -317

" Time limit: 7 minutes
Part 5
01 Staff functions for workers in the city council 06 The gift shop on Baker Street is popular with
department are usually held in the office customers because it is conveniently located,
lounge, but special events are and its products are inexpensive.
hosted in restaurants or hotels. (A) nearly
(A) early (B) hardly
(B) occasionally (C) relatively
(C) remotely (D) scarcely
(D) consistently
07 Cell phone users who send text
02 Effective , the company will no longer messages should take advantage of the new
accept applications for medical or sick leave plan being offered by the wireless carrier.
without a certificate from a physician. (A) totally
(A) financially (B) greatly
(B) immediately (C) hugely
(C) concurrently (D) frequently
(D) repeatedly
08 Recent sales of Dual-Electronics' computer
03 The use of alternative medicine among monitors have increased , mainly
professionals in the city and suburbs is due to their new contract with the Brightman
widespread. Insurance Corporation.
(A) directly (A) eageriy
(B) quickly (B) intentionally
(C) likely (C) fortunately
(D) fairly (D) dramatically
04 The menu at Luau Grill is 09 Because the first speaker has another
recommended by Martha Childs, a food appointment, the convention must begin
critic for the Boston Courier for its innovative at 9:00 a.m.
selection of dishes. (A) assertively
(A) personally (B) cordially
(B) relevantly (C) promptly
(C) richly (D) especially
(D) factually
10 The company has hired some new
05 The company misled investors by not staff, so we will be holding a gathering at the
reporting the losses it incurred in the first cafeteria to introduce them.
quarter. (A) recently
(A) assuredly (B) usually
(B) remarkably (C) commonly
(C) accurately (D) freshly
(D) deductively
rncir D«->ÿ4inÿ www.nhantrivipt.rorn

Part 6
Downtown Finance Center Renovations
The downtown Finance Center is about to undergo extensive modernization renovations, including;
a restoration of the building's facade and lobby. The aim of the work is to give the Finance Center
a competitive edge in attracting high-end corporate tenants for its office space.
After completion, the building will appear different from now due to the addition of a
11 (A) formerly
(B) radically
(C) allegedly
(D) primarily
mirrored glass exterior which changes color based on the time of day. Also, upgraded seating
areas in the lobby will more people than before, with special attention given to comfort
12 (A) appreciate
(B) articulate
(C) alienate
(D) accommodate
and space. In an unusual move, developers decided not to employ an entire design team to work
on the new project but to allow freelance architect Janice Pana, designer of the New York Arts
Center, to create the new look for the Finance Center. Because the Finance Center
13 (A) recently
(B) nearly
(C) solely
(D) surely
building will have to undergo such extensive remodeling, minimum costs for the project are
expected to be around 1.5 million dollars.
Answers: p. 556
vvvvvv.nhantriviet.com Chapter 10 Adverbs - 319

320 www nhantrivipt mm
Content Words
with Similar Meaning
Chapter 1 1 - Verbs with Similar Meaning
Chapter 12 - Nouns with Similar Meaning
Chapter 13 - Adjectives, Adverbs with Similar Meaning
In the TOEIC test, some questions require examinees to fully understand not only the mean¬
ing nuance but also the usage of English verbs given so as to be able to choose the correct
answer choices.
A few bank cash machines can as much as 30,000 dollars, but most carry less than
half that amount.
( nQ8;g0$s'v (G| 0€;cupy (D) grasp
bank cash machine / carry [kseril

Answer: (B)
Steel Works Inc. has just announced plans to move their operations from the Michigan Steel
Mill to a new location near Los Angeles. The company has officially staff that the cur-
(A) explained (B) informed
(C) expressed (D) inquired
rent plant will be closing at the end of year, but jobs wili be available for employees prepared
to relocate.
announce [anauns] / operation [apareijan] Iofficially [afijali] / current [ka:rant] Iplant [plaent] / relocate
[ri:loukeit]
Answer: (B)

Confusing Verb 1
01 advise vs. recommend 04 attend vs. participate in
advise [asdvaiz] attend [atend]
advise somebody + that-clause attend something
The lawyer advised the owner that filing for bank¬ The director is requiring all new employees to
ruptcy was his only option, attend the session on insurance.
participate in <
recommend [rekamendj O
r>
recommend + that-clause participate in something >
CD
The stockbroker recommended that shares of the Our employer has asked us to participate in the
offering be purchased immediately. company's open house event.
9
=3
o
02 enroil vs. subscribe vs. apply vs. register 05 postpone vs. reschedule
enroll [inrckill postpone [poustpoun]
2?
enroll in Because of the construction delay, the opening 3
All trainees are required to enroll in the software of the new factory will be postponed until next
course by the end of the week. month.
subscribe [sabskraib] reschedule [liiskedju:!]

subscribe to/for
Customers wishing to reschedule their appoint¬
We subscribe to several medical journals to keep ments are requested to notify the office one week
up to date on advances in the world of medicine. in advance.
apply [aplai]
apply for
Catherine Mannheim expects a lot of people to o& condense vs. minimize vs. decrease
apply for the legal assistant position at the law condense [kandens]
firm.
The CEO has asked us to condense an hour-long
register [redjistar] presentation into twenty minutes.
r>
register for
minimize [minamaiz]
The city library reported that more than three hun¬
Having a diversified portfolio can help investors
dred people register for library cards each year.
minimize risk.
decrease [dikrf:s]
03 affect vs. effect The company has decided to decrease production
affect [ofekt] of electric appliances.
The new security rules will affect all employees at
the main headquarters.
effect [ifekt]
The company cannot effect a change without
closely examining its systems.
www.nhantriviet.com Chapter 11 Verbs with Similar Meaning - 323

07 lend vs. loan vs. borrow vs. rent 09 contact vs. connect
lend [lend] contact [kdntaekt]
lend: give something/ money to someone for a period of contact: communicate with someone by telephone, letter,
time, expecting it to be given back e-mail, etc.
The library does not lend books to individuals who Please contact Ms. Brooks for any questions
have no borrower's card. regarding your application.
loan [loun] connect [kanekt]

loan (commonly used in the bank): lend money/capital connect A with /to B: make it possible for A to speak to B
by telephone
Brooke bank agreed to loan the Macro Software
Inc. some money for the merger. Can you connect me to the Bookman Publishing
Company, please?
borrow [bdrou]
borrow: receive something /money from someone with the
intention of giving it back after a period of time
10 demonstrate vs. display
A small businessman cannot borrow money from
a bank without collateral. demonstrate [demanstreit]
demonstrate: show something and explain how it works
rent [rent] The talk show guest demonstrated how to dress
rent: pay a fixed amount of money regularly for the use of a
for success.
room, house, car, etc. that someone else owns
The company rented several cars for the over¬ display [displei]
seas representatives to use. display: arrange something in public so that it can be seen
The latest styles of shoes are displayed in the
shopwindows.
08 foster vs. eniarge
foster [fd:star]
foster: encourage the development or growth of something 11 note vs. notify vs. announce
The new agreement fostered exports between the note [nout]
two nations. note + that-clause
The clerk told the customers to note that the store
enlarge [Mardÿ
would be closed for two days,
enlarge: make something bigger, usually a space/area/
quantity
notify fnoutofai]
The board plans to enlarge the sports complex by notify someone of something
the end of the year.
The company notified its shareholders of the
proposed merger.
announce (onauns I
announce (to someone) something / that-clause
The chairman announced to the board that the
CEO had tendered his resignation.
324 - Hackers TOEIC Reading www.nhantrivlet.rom

1
12 speak vs. tell vs. say vs. express 13 expire vs. invalidate
speak [spi:k] expire [ikspaiar]

speak (to someone) about something The contract expired a few days ago and will not
Mr. Tokuyama will speak to management about be renewed.
production cuts.
invalidate [invaelideit]
<
tell [tel] The contract was invalidated because the com¬
O
>
tell someone + that-clause /about something pany failed to comply with the terms of the
We had to tell the client that we would be unable agreement.
to meet the deadline. o
o
say [sei]
14 evaluate vs. estimate
say (to someone) + that-clause
The secretary said to Mr. Wills that the meeting evaluate [ivaeljueit]
had been postponed. The feasibility of the projects has not been CO
evaluated.
express [ikspres]
express something estimate [estameit]
The buyer has expressed interest in purchasing Mr. Turner estimates that the non-stop flight to
the unused lot. Switzerland will take fourteen hours.
www.n hantriviet.com Chapter 11 Verbs with Similar Meaning - 325

HACKERS TEST Time limit: 7 minutes
Part 5
01 The contract stipulates that tenants must 06 The Bank of Rhode Island has established
the landlord of any major structural a special program to funds at low
changes they wish to make to their apartment. interest to those who develop local business
(A) forward initiatives.
(B) announce (A) lend ÿ
(C) notify (B) lease

(D) arrange (C) borrow
(D) rent
02 In line with company policy, all new
employees must first a safety 07 Gen-Track's vice president plans to
briefing before attempting to operate some structural changes in the company's
factory machinery. management system at the staff meeting next
(A) participate week.
(B) register (A) disagree
(C) attend (B) interpret
(D) go (C) announce
(D) acquire
03 Any agreements that have are,
without exception, placed in the company 08 All accounting staff can in the online
archives. training course at the human resources office
(A) invalidated starting next month.
(B) expired (A) enroll
(C) violated (B) apply
(D) submitted (C) submit
(D) interview
04 A supervisor is expected to a close
relationship between his subordinates and 09 The shipping and transport seminar scheduled
himself. for next Monday has been until the
(A) enlarge following week.
(B) gain (A) appointed
(C) foster (B) postponed
(D) arise (C) scheduled
(D) previewed
05 I will leave a number with my assistant in
case anyone needs to me while I'm 10 Dow and Johnson's chief programming team
away on business. will the functions of their newest
(A) convey accounting software at the financial technology
(B) conform trade fair.
(C) connect (A) expose
(D) contact (B) encourage
(C) surprise
(D) demonstrate
Wtse-f/orc TAPir Rcorlinr? www „n ha ntrivi pt.com

Part 6
ÿjji
Top Researcher to Speak on Solar Power
At the National Conference on Renewable Energy in Atlanta next month, Sunbeam Resources' top
researcher, Dr. Robert Flack, will about recent technological developments in solar power.
11 (A) note
(B) speak
......
(C) say
(D) express
To provide the most up-to-date information to consumers, he has his essential research
12 (A) multiplied
(B) condensed
(C) minimized
(D) decreased
data into a two-hour presentation. He will explain how solar energy can help preserve the globalÿ
environment, and why people should convert to it. Dr. Flack will illustrate solar power's efficiency
and competitiveness through charts and diagrams. He will also demonstrate how solar energy has ;
evolved into the most suitable to hydroelectric or nuclear energy, and how it is a self-
13 (A) alternative
(B) difference
(C) distinction
(D) demonstration
sustaining source of power. The conference will take place at the Sunseeker Hotel on Saturday,
November 17. Online registrations are being accepted at www.ncre.org until the November 15.
Answers: p. 557
www.nhantriviet.com Chapter 1 1 Verbs with Similar Meaning - 327

Nouns with Simila
In the TOEIC test, some questions require examinees to fully understand both the meaning
nuance and usage of English nouns given so as to be able to choose the correct answer
choices.
One of the of the campaign is to let the elderly know of various services available to
them at community centers.
(A) aims (B) beliefs : . (C) reasons (D) foundations
the elderly
Answer: (A)
Now into her second year as Mayor of Detroit, Francine Menendez outlined pending improve¬
ments to the city's infrastructure. First on her list is the urban of the Lakeside Precinct,
'
(A) refreshment (B) progress
(C) renewal (D) structure
which includes the conversion of an abandoned dock area into recreational parkland, and a
two-mile long pedestrian boardwalk with cafes and restaurants.
outline [autlain] / pending [pendiq] / infrastructure [mfrastrAktJar] / precinct [prfcsirjAt] / conversion [kanvarrjan] /
abandoned [abaendand] / dock [dak] / parkland [pdirklsend] / pedestrian [pedestrian]
Answer: (C)

Confusing Noun 1
01 proportion vs. size 04 choice vs. option vs. preference
proportion [prapoxjan] choice [tjhis]
proportion: the number, amount or level of one thing when The restaurant gives you a choice of appetizers
compared to the whole
when you order a main.
I spend a large proportion of my salary on renting
an apartment. option [dpjan]
<
O
Subscribers have the option of canceling their o
size [saiz] >
subscriptions at any time.
size: how large or small a thing is
>
ÿzo
The cost of construction was high due to the preference [prefarans] -<
o
large size of the new facilities. §
The new restaurant caters to diners with a prefer¬ r-4*
CD
ence for Italian food.

&
02 access vs. approach §.
f—¥
=r
access os description vs. information CO
3
access (non-count noun): the method of getting near to a
person /thing /place
description [diskrlpjan]
have access to description (count noun): explanation or instruction
a description of
Members have unlimited access to the maga¬
For a more detailed description of the courses,
zine's online archives.
please see our website.
The path behind the house has direct access to a
hidden garden. information [infarmeijan]
information (non-count noun): facts about a person/event/
approach [aproutf] situation
approach (count noun): the method of getting near to information about /on
a person/thing/place; the method of understanding
For more information about this promotion, please
something, e.g. an approach to a subject
call this number.
The software developer has a new approach to
business software.
The narrow alley is a little-used approach to the oe division vs. category vs. faction
office building.
division [divi3an]
The corporation has considered closing the un¬
03 area vs. site profitable automobile division.
area [earis] category [kastagotri]

There is only one caterer in the area that offers The poetry in the book was divided into several
kosher food. categories.
site [sait] faction [ftekfan]

The site for the memorial was changed several The presidential candidate's goal was to unite the
times due to a lack of support. factions within his political party.
www.nhantriviet.com Chapter 12 Nouns with Similar Meaning - 329

1
07 fine vs. tariff vs. expense io indication vs. show
fine [fain] indication Imdikeifan]
indication of/that-clause: a sign that something exists, is
Drivers who park in no-parking areas are subject
true, or is likely to happen
to steep fines.
There are clear indications that the economy is
tariff [tserif] beginning to turn around.
The government charges a tariff for luxury goods
show [Jon]
imported into the country. show: an action /way of behaving to express a particular
idea or feeling
expense [ikspens]
The striking workers gathered at the company
It's well worth the expense to invest in top-of-the- headquarters in a show of solidarity.
range equipment.
1 1 brochure vs. catalog

08 habit vs. convention
brochure Ibroujur]
habit [hsebit] brochure: a small magazine that contains pictures and
make it a habit + to + bare infinitive information on a product /service or a company
The staff should make it a habit to submit reports travel brochure
on time. Refer to the enclosed brochure when selecting a
suite for the duration of your stay.
convention [kanvenjan]
It is still the convention in this country for men to catalog [k®tal5:g]
pay for dinner on a date. catalog: a book with a list of all the items that you can buy
or look at
The admission ticket included a catalog of all the
works shown in the exhibition.
09 fare vs. fee
fare [fear]
taxi fare 12 survey vs. research
Can you estimate the cab fare from 5th Avenue to
survey [sa:rvei]
42nd Street?
survey: an examination of opinions/behavior made by
asking people questions
fee [fx:]
an admission fee The magazine conducted a survey to obtain
The admission fee for children under eight years reader feedback.
of age is half price.
research [ris&rtf]
research: a detailed study of a subject in order to discover
information
The latest advertising strategy took into account
the most recent market research findings.
330 - Markers TOFIf Readirta wwwjihantriviet.com

13 material vs. ingredient 15 residence vs. venue
material [material] residence [rezactens]
A commonly used material in power transmission Delegates are invited to visit the official residence
lines is aluminum. of the Prime Minister.
ingredient [ingixdiant] venue [venju:]

the ingredients of a cake venue: the place where an event or meeting takes place
There are only five ingredients in this simple Event coordinators selected the Greyson Exhib¬
recipe for soup. ition Hall as the official venue.
14 tour vs. trip 16 value vs. worth

tour [tuar] value [vselju:]
tour: a short visit to a place when travelling, or a visit to a value: the amount of money which can be received for
factory, a public place when studying something
give A a tour of B Store credit will be issued on returned items for
New employees will be given a tour of the com¬ the value of the purchase.
pany offices this afternoon.
worth [wa:r0]
trip [trip] Worth means value. It also means the amount of money
which something can be sold for. It can be used in the
The meeting was called to discuss the results of
structure price (possessive case) + worth of + object.
Ms. Black's business trip.
A thousand dollars' worth of merchandise was
stolen from the gift shop.
www.n hantriviet.com Chapter 12 Nouns with Similar Meaning - 331

Part 5
01 A(n) conducted by a research center 06 To prevent loss of information, staff members
revealed that the majority of online shoppers make it a to copy all important
are educated and have an annual household documents.
income of $50,000. (A) tradition
(A) survey (B) hobby
(B) summary (C) habit
(C) addition (D) convention
(D) copy
07 A more detailed of our new office
02 The International Chamber of Commerce machines is available in our product catalog.
recently announced that there was an (A) confirmation
increasing for online payment (B) description
services among consumers. (C) inquiry
(A) choice (D) information
(B) preference
(C) promotion 08 The driver of the blue sedan received a heavy
(D) reaction for deliberately driving through a red
light.
03 Mr. Powell, the new researcher, has requested (A) fee
to the company's archives to retrieve (B) fine
the information he needs for a feasibility study. (C) damage
(A) entrance (D) dismissal
(B) pass
(C) access 09 The owner purchased ten thousand dollars'
(D) approach of party favors for the grand opening
of his posh new restaurant.
04 The laboratory's findings showed (A) much
that the new line of cosmetics for Dawson (B) value
Beauty Products were environmentally (C) cost
friendly. (D) worth
(A) survey
(B) question 10 Market trends are a good that this
(C) response will be an ideal year for investments in all
(D) research sectors of the market.
(A) record
05 The customer services staff at Radcliffe (B) show
Department Store spends a large of (C) indication
its time dealing with customers' complaints. (D) specification
(A) size
(B) section
(C) proportion
(D) number

I
m
vT;
Part 6
Mark Walter
52 Southern Avenue
Great Falls, Montana 86503
Dear Mr. Walter,
I am writing to inform you that we have been having problems with defective air-conditioning units
in our office. I contacted Coolair Corporation two weeks ago and they sent over a technician,
According to the technician, the units were not installed, so the company would not take
11 (A) property
(B) urgently
(C) exclusively
(D) valuably
responsibility for any defects in their product.
As a result of the improper installation, several mechanisms in each unit were damaged and had to
be replaced at considerable . The work was completed just yesterday. The total cost of
12 (A) fare
(B) fine
(C) expense
(D) quantity
repair came to 785 dollars, with 365 dollars for and 420 dollars for labor, as the enclosed
13 (A) ingredients
(B) stationery
(C) patterns
(D) materials
invoice shows. I would appreciate it if I could be reimbursed as soon as possible for the full repair
amount.
Sincerely,
Molly Davison
Answers: p. 557
www.nhantriviet.com Chapter 12 Nouns with Similar Meaning - 333

In the TOEIC test, some questions require examinees to fully understand both the meaning
nuance and usage of English adjectives or adverbs given so as to be able to choose the
correct answer choices.
It is clearly stated in the airline's policy that luggage is in no way the responsibility of
the company.
(A) wounded: (B) damaged : .{G);spoiled '-(D) injured
'
: .
ÿ
Answer: (B)
Washington D.C. tourist transit buses regularly depart from the East Side Bus Depot for major
monuments, museums, and art galleries. The bus for the Jefferson Memorial leaves hourly
from 8:00 a.m., and the one for the Smithsonian Institution shortly , from 8:10 a.m.
transit [transit] / regularly [regjularli] / depart [dipd:rt] / depot [di:pou]

Answer: (D)
334 -• Harkprs TOFIC Rpadina www.nhantriviet.com

Confusing Adjectives an 1
01 attached vs. connected 04 likely vs. possible
attached [ataetft] likely [laikli]
attached: added into something The structure be likely to + bare infinitive is used to
attached file describe something that will probably happen.
The attached schedule may be subject to last- The report is likely to be released within the next
minute changes. week.
o
O
connected [kanektici] possible [pdsabl] >
connected: joined together or related to each other It is possible to + bare infinitive: able to be done or
achieved
The technician said that all the computers in the
room are connected. It is possible to protect sensitive information by
installing the latest security software.
o? early vs. previous

os extensive vs. spacious
early latriij
early: happening before or sooner than the expected time extensive [ikstensiv]
extensive: covering a large area or having a great range
The company offers early retirement incentives.
(esp. about knowledge or products)
previous iprr.viasj We guarantee the most extensive selection of

previous: happening before something else quality wines in the city.
Information from the previous events is available
spacious [speijas]
on the following pages.
spacious = roomy
The company provides each executive with a spa¬
cious office that overlooks the harbor.
03 following vs. next
following [falouiq]
This adjective is used in the structure the following + noun. os apparent vs. visible
When it is a preposition, there is no article the before it.
An open discussion on recent development pre¬ apparent lapgerant]
apparent: (a situation, fact, quality, emotion) seeming to
sentation will be held on the following week.
exist but may not be real
next (nekstl In spite of the apparent recession, sales of auto¬
next: being the first one after the present one or after the mobiles rose this year.
one just mentioned
The new contract states that Musso Textiles will visible [vlzabl]
visible: clear, obvious, or noticeable
supply fabric to our company next month.
The company decided to show their soft drink in
the movie in order to make their product more
visible to the general public.
www.nhantriviet.com Chapter 13 Adjectives, Adverbs with Similar Meaning - 335

07 outstanding vs. evident 09 prevalent vs. leading
outstanding [autstaexidiq] prevalent [prevalent]
outstanding: extremely good or impressive prevalent = common: very popular in a particular place or
(It also refers to debts that are not yet paid, e.g. among a particular group
outstanding debts.)
Lawsuits have become more prevalent in today's
The marketing plan was so outstanding that it was society.
immediately approved,
leading [IMiq]
evident [evedent] leading: (someone/something) outstanding in a particular
evident = obvious: easily seen or understood field
The participants reacted to the news with evident The keynote speaker for the engineering confer¬
disappointment. ence is a leading figure in robotic research.
08 recent vs. current vs. modern vs. new io reserved vs. preserved
recent [ri:snt] reserved [riza:rvd]
recent: happening or starting a short time ago reserved = booked: (a seat, hotel room, etc.) available to
recent event, recent address be used only by a particular person or group
The recent promotion of Mr. Cummings was Call the travel agent to confirm or change a
completely unexpected. reserved seat.
current [kairant] preserved [priza:rvd]

current: happening or existing now preserved: (something) kept from being damaged
current news, current employees
The area contains some excellently preserved
Duray Inc. is considering an expansion of its examples of Gothic architecture.
current facilities to increase productivity.
modern [madarn]
modern: using new styles that are very different from the ii unoccupied vs. discarded
styles of the past
unoccupied [Andkjupaidi
The staff was more than happy to move into the unoccupied = empty: (a room, building, seat, etc.) not
modem headquarters. being used by anyone
Although the building has been renovated, it
new [ry'u:]
continues to remain unoccupied.
new: recently created, built, invented, or planned
The CEO urged his copywriters to come up with discarded [diskd:rdid]
new advertising ideas. discarded: (something) thrown away or got rid of
The discarded programs littered the floor of the
main hall after the event.

H
12 away vs. far is prominently vs. markedly
away [awei] prominently [prdmanantli]
A unit of distance may be put before this adverb, Prominently: used to describe something that is in a
100 miles away from position in which it is easily seen
The City Hall is located one kilometer away from Exit signs must be prominently placed on all
the Metro Station. floors.
<
O
D
far [fo:r] markedly [md:rMdli] >
A unit of distance cannot be put before far, e.g. be located Markedly, used to describe a change or difference that is
10 miles far from the airport is wrongly used. very obvious or noticeable
change markedly
The company's factory is located far from the O
O
be markedly different
headquarters.
Recent consumer trends are markedly different
o
from those of the previous generation. EL
co
s
13 primarily vs. firstly B
cn
3
primarily [praimerali] i6 dramatically vs. numerously
primarily = mainly = chiefly
dramatically [dramaetikali] 03
3
The new laptop computers are primarily marketed Z3*
CO
Dramatically: used to describe a sudden change
for business users.
It is commonly used with such verbs as increase, climb.
grow, etc.
firstly [faxstli]
firstly = in the first place (used to list things)
Sales are expected to increase dramatically once
prices go down.
Firstly, Mr. Moore will give a few remarks before
we proceed with the agenda. numerously [njumarasli]
numerously: in a large number or quantity
The jazz concert is expected to be numerously
it continually vs. lastingly attended.
continually [kantinjuali]
continually: happening repeatedly /without stopping
The new manager is continually giving orders to 1/ strongly vs. stringently
the staff. strongly [stragli]
strongly: in a serious way
lastingly [lsestigli]
lastingly: continuing for a long time or forever
The foreman strongly recommends that the
structure's flooring be removed.
Research is being conducted to find a lastingly
effective treatment for the disease. stringently [strindÿantli]
Stringently: used to describe a regulation /law that is
carried out strictly
Because of the accident, safety rules will likely be
enforced more stringently.
ivwnwTihantriviet.com Chapter 13 Adjectives, Adverbs with Similar Meaning - 337

< E R S TEST ; Time limit: 7 minutes
Part 5
01 The parking spaces at the front of the office 06 All vehicles manufactured by Corona Motors
building are for the president and are inspected before they are
other executives. released for sale on the open market.
(A) controlled (A) stringently
(B) reformed (B) strongly
(C) preserved (C) impartially
(D) reserved (D) equally
02 The tenth floor office was vacated some two 07 A downturn in the company's financial
years ago and has remained ever situation forced management to contemplate
since. carrying out mass employee layoffs.
(A) unoccupied (A) stable
(B) concealed (B) modern
(C) suppressed (C) recent
(D) discarded (D) casual
03 Trendy coffee shops are replacing many of the 08 Jerry Mathers, the personnel director at Cleaver
fast-food spots that were once so in Financial Group, will conduct interviews for
this town. the accounting position week.
(A) leading (A) following
(B) prevalent (B) next
(C) habitual (C) before
(D) foremost (D) later
04 The security system allows almost every part 09 For the past six months, Mr. Patrick has been
of the building to be monitored by working on the accounts of foreign
personnel at a surveillance center. investors.
(A) timelessly (A) firstly
(B) lastingly (B) originally
(C) continually (C) primarily
(D) movingly (D) categorically
05 Due to an unexpected illness, the executive 10 As soon as it became that Ms.

officer was forced to submit a letter announc¬ Billingsley would be joining the company
ing his retirement. in Los Angeles, human resources started
(A) mature interviewing applicants to be her personal
(B) early assistant.
(C) ready (A) apparent
(D) previous (B) visible
(C) notable
(D) substantial
1? 1? Q Li Dn*srimA ?.aaaaa# nhsnfrlv/iaf rnm

Part 6
From; Human Resources

'
To: All Staff .

Subject: New Health Care Scheme
The human resources department is pleased to announce that in an to better

v; / ;• / :
.
: . ; / ;\(AÿQbjection V- / 'ÿ
\ ;• .0}'•'effort . ;• -
'••"'."
"
CC)': opinion'-
' '
'.
' '
;
ÿ
' '
. .
: : :
v: ;(D)-influ©n'ce.:-.
:
; /
accommodate all employees' medical welfare needs, a new health care scheme has been devised,
taking effect from August 1.
After and thorough research, we have put together our most comprehensive package,
12 (A) spacious
(B) distracted
(C) extensive
. (Dj\©ocasion#ÿ .. .
'
. V : *'*ÿ' 'v
'''• :
which includes optical and dental care benefits as well as additional regular health services. For
more information, please refer to the new employee manual.
13 (A) attached .
.
(B) joined: ÿ
ÿ
(C) connected
' '
. . (D) matched '
Any suggestions or objections should be sent to Zoe Nelson in human resources within the next
two weeks, who will then pass them on to senior management for consideration. If you have any
other questions regarding this matter, do not hesitate to contact the human resources department.
Answers: p. 557
www.nhantrivlet.com Chapter 13 Adjectives, Adverbs with Similar Meaning - 339

340
o Business-related reading comprehension
TOEIC is an English test which measures the everyday English skills of non-native people work¬
ing in an international environment. Therefore, TOEIC reading passages involve business-related
settings and situations. All reading passages are generally in the form of business letters, e-mails,
announcements, articles, advertisements, etc.
o Reading comprehension skills

Questions in Part 7 of the TOEIC test aim at testing examinees' skills of reading. Examinees are
required to skim for understanding global ideas and scan for specific information in the reading
passages given. In addition, an ability to draw inferences is also necessary for doing the test of this
kind. You should daily practice to enhance your skills of reading, using not only general English
reading passages but also business-related texts.
Questions on the reading comprehension in the TOEIC test may be divided into five types of ques
tions which will be presented in Section 1 of this part, and forms of reading passages which will be
presented in Sections 2 and 3 of this part.
Types of questions
Questions in Part 7 of the TOEIC test include such types of questions as overview, information, NOT/
TRUE, inference, and synonym questions.
Forms of passages
Single Passages
Most of the single passages given in Part 7 are short. These reading passages are of different text
types, such as business letters, e-mails, announcements, articles, advertisements, etc.
Double Passages
The last four reading passages in Part 7 are theme-related "paired readings" often known as "double
passages", for example, a business letter and an e-mail, an article and a letter, an advertisement and an
application form, etc,
uestion Percenta
The two pie charts below show the percentage of questions on different forms of reading passages.
Instructions 8% Non-prose-related
Non-proseÿreadings 7%
Memorandums 5% readings 12%
E-mails/Letters 29% E-mail/Letter-related
Article-related readings 42%
readings 22%
Articles &
Reports 19% /*
Notices & Announcement-related
Advertisements 17% readings 8% Advertisement-related
Announcements 155„
\ readings 16%
[Single Passage] [Double Passage]

Step "i: Preview the l!v::;a?du.ci:ory :cen';fv :oe ;v/
Read the introductory sentence Questions... refer to the following... at the beginning of each reading
passage to know what type of reading it is. If there are headings and sub-headings in the passage,
preview them so that you can get an overview of the whole passage.
® For double passages, also read the introductory sentence Questions. .. refer to the following (passage
1) and (passage 2) to see how the paired readings are related.
Step 2_ Psrt.r; Quest;- .t=: clx v.- r.r 3

ÿhey are.
By skimming through the questions, you can identify whether they are overview, information, NOT/
TRUE, inference, or synonym questions.
© For double passages, also skim through the questions to identify not only which types of questions
they are but which passage each of them refers to.
Step 3: Apply appropriate strategies to deal with each particular type of question.
For an overview question, choose the answer that focuses on the global idea or the gist of the reading
passage(s). For information, NOT/TRUE, inference questions, scan the reading passage(s) to find out
relevant information. For a synonym question, locate the statement where there is the Item asked to
choose the correct answer.
? For double passages, remember that you must look at both readings to find the answer for at least one
of the questions,
In the TOElC test, possible answers may use paraphrasing, i.e. a restatement using other words. For
example, reorganize may be rephrased as restructure; zero tolerance for defects may be rephrased
as high-quaiity standard. e-mail address may be rephrased as contact information. You. ihus. should
practice paraphrasing so that you can easily deal with possible questions in the TOEIC Reading test.
343
Part 7: Example - Single Passages
Question 1 refers to the following article.®
Famed author Dean Forest is well known for his insightful and
humorous stories about international relations. Mr. Forest has Step 1: Preview the introductory sentence
received rave reviews from many prominent literature journals and to identify the form of the passage.
has also had three of his books appear on the New York Times
Step 3: Apply appropriate strategies to deal
Best Seller List. Mr. Forest will do a reading from his latest collec¬
with each particular type of question.
tion of short stories entitled The Bengali in Platforms on Thursday,
June 16 at 7:30 p.m. in the Midland University English department Step 2: Read the question about the pas¬
lounge. For a complete timetable of Dean Forest's appearances, sage to decide what type of question it is.
you can visit his website at www.deforest.com. -
Q1 . According to the article, what information is available

at Mr. Forest's website? -
(A) Book prices
(B) Writing tips
(C) Schedule of appearances
(D) List of best-selling books
Part 7: Example - Double Passages
Question 1 refers to the following announcement and e-mail.
ANNOUNCEMENT:
We have had an increase in sales at Papyri Inc. over the past few
months. As a result, the volume of calls and e-mails to our de¬
partment has also risen. To address this problem, we will be hir¬ Step 1: Preview the introductory sentence
ing another operator (Joe Martin) and assigning team members to identify the form of the passages and
with specific duties. Below is a list of each member and the types their relation.
of calls and e-mails they will be dealing with:
Brian Chretien Shipping delays /shipping status e- Step 3-2: Apply appropriate strategies to
Kimberley Clark Product complaints deal with each particular type of question,
Joe Martin Order errors

John Campbell New orders
We hope this will make your jobs easier. Should you have any
questions, call George Mulroney at extension 219.
To: ccustomerservice @ papyri.com>

From: Julia Brockovich <julbrock@boohoo.com>
Subject: Shipment
I placed an order for 200 binders with our company logo on April
20. The binders were meant for clients at a trade fair I am attend¬
ing at on May 6. Your company said we would receive the ship- < Step 3-1: Apply appropriate strategies to
ment within one week, but it still hasn't arrived. deal with each particular type of question.
I am leaving for the trade fair on May 5 and urgently need these
binders before I leave. Please contact me as soon as possible to
let me know the status of our shipment and when I can expect it
to arrive.
Sincerely,
Julia Brockovich
Q1 . Who will most likely deal with Ms. Brockovich's complaint? ÿ

Step 2: Read the question about the pas¬
sages to decide what type of question it is
(A) Kimberley Clark
and which passage it refers to.
(B) Brian Chretien
(C) Joe Martin
(D) John Campbell
345
Types of Questions
Chapter 01 - Overview Questions
Chapter 02 - Information Questions
Chapter 03 - NOT/TRUE Questions
Chapter 04 - Inference Questions
Chapter 05 - Synonym Questions
Overview questions, also known as gist questions, test examinees' ability to identify the main
idea or purpose of a passage. The main idea or purpose is usually found at the beginning of
the passage, and the supporting ideas or details follow it.
Typical Questions and Useful Tips

Typical Questions
Main idea What is the main topic of the notice?
What does the article mainly discuss?
What is the information about?
Purpose What is the purpose of the letter?
What is the main purpose of this notice?
Why was this memo written?
Why does Ms. Carter write this letter?
Useful Tips
To answer an overview question correctly, you need an overall understanding of the reading passage.
Most reading passages usually start with a topic sentence which states the main idea. You, therefore,
should read the first sentence. Occasionally, the topic sentence may be found in the middle or even at
the end of the passage. In this case, you have to skim through the passage to find out the key point.
z Topic
Details
Q: What is the purpose of this article? A: To announce a hiring decision
Q: Why was this letter written? A: To confirm hotel arrangements

HACKERS PRACTICE
Reading Practice
Read the following passages and choose the best answer to each question given.
I
01
Q. What is the main purpose of this letter?

(A) To select the appropriate cover design
(B) To confirm the receipt of a shipment
(C) To place an order for book covers
I
02
>
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Q. What is the purpose of this article? O
(A) To explain Greece's response to the energy crisis

(B) To explore energy options for poor nations
(C) To indicate the benefits of solar energy o
c
CD
I
03
Q. Why was this letter written?

(A) To advertise a job opening
(B) To inquire about employment
(C) To apply for the position
04
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Q. What is the purpose of this memo?

(A) To announce the replacement of old carpets
(B) To remind occupants of moving-in procedures
(C) To ask for cooperation regarding the cleaning
www.nhantriviet.com Chapter 01 Overview Questions - 349

Paraphrasing Practice
Choose a correct rephrased statement for each reading passage.
05
(A) Customers of the bank will no longer pay any ATM fees,
(B) The bank will pay clients through their bank accounts.
06
ÿÿÿÿÿÿ
(A) Protect- It bags can hold large amounts of water.
(B) Protect-lt bags are made of water resistant material.
07
(A) Knowledge of the newest accounting principles is required.

(B) A university diploma is a requirement for the job.
08
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(A) Poor sales are causing top automobile manufacturers to cut production.
(B) Reduced production can offset increasing gas prices.
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09
(A) Customers will have to put down a deposit in case of damage to the room.
(B) The deposit will not be refunded if the hut is not left clean.
a
I
(A) Private money will be used to finance the purchase of computers.
(B) Donations of old computers are being requested.
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11
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(A) Two companies have signed an agreement to produce mobile phones.
(B) Cabot Systems is buying out Fiexpoint to gain control of the market.
12
(A) JOC's editor is seeking his successor.

(B) The guest editor will take over permanently.
->
Answers: p. 557

?p a . r\ 1/ r~ r~», -p r~ O T
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H M O !\ L i~1 D | t o | Time limit: 2 minutes
Question 01 refers to the following notice.
To: All Staff

From: Chad Ballmer, Head Technician
Re: Network Upgrade
We regret to inform all staff that as of next week we will be performing net¬
work repairs at one of our facilities, which will consequently result in frequent
interruptions to the online system. The network is experiencing difficulties after a
system-wide breakdown that occurred yesterday around 2:34 p.m. Unfortunately,
there is no other option but to service the entire network, which will inevitably
cause temporary inconveniences. The servers themselves will remain up, but will
experience loss of connectivity. This disconnection will occur at the beginning
of the servicing and will last a little more than 2 hours lota I. The process will
consist of' two separate sessions, with each session lasting from 11 p m. to 1 a.m.
During repair,, you may experience a slowdown in speed and up lo 3 network
outages varying in duration from 10 to 30 minutes. The first session is scheduled
for Friday, January 14. Further notification for the second window will be sent at
least: 48 hours in advance. The problem will be completely resolved by Ihe first
week of February. We apologize for any inconvenience this may cause.
01 What is the purpose of this notice?

(A) To remind staff to turn off their computers
(B) To notify staff of a change in management
(C) To notify staff of upcoming system disruptions
(D) To respond to complaints of slow connectivity
352 - Markers TOEIC Readina www.nhanfriviPt.rom

Question 02 refers to the following schedule and e-mail.
.".SPI'.'M ÿ: V !».»ÿ«'> " rt™ r-~. "
To: Norman Salisbury, Water Resource Management Consulting Ltd.

From: George J. Soap, St. Lukes Business Association
Subject: Energy Conference
Dear Mr. Salisbury:
Sorry you were not able to make it yesterday. Mere is a brief overview of what you missed, along
with my own thoughts on the matter. We heard that by the end of the dccade, our demand for elec¬
tricity will be about 3,000 MW. but that we have a present generating capacity of 2,400 MW. This
means we face at a 20 percent shortfall in seven years. The leas!: expensive solution for this problem
would be constructing a 500 MW hydroelectric dam on the St. Lukes River, at a projected cost of
$250 million.
Jonathan Lee. howexer. noted that thousands of acres of Ibrest habitat for wild animals and. plants
would he lost Ivneaih the waters ol'ihe dam's resenoir. This convinced me that the en\ lronmcnial
impact of a hwlro dam does need to he taken into aecouni. My recommendation is that we consider
other kinds of energy generation, especially wind power projects, before we make the decision to
build a hydro dam.
Regards,
George J. Soap
02 What is the purpose of the e-mail?

(A) To report on plans to develop the forestry industry
(B) To ask a question about the environment
(C) To request technical details on a wind farm project
(D) To explain the contents of a conference Answers: p. 557

Chapter 02
Information Questions
The most common question type in reading comprehension is information questions which
ask about specific information in a passage. This type of questions accounts for 60 percent
of Part 7 of the TOEIC Reading test.

Typical Questions
When When will Mr. Thomson give his presentation?
Where Where will the conference be held?
Who Who should be contacted for registration?
What What will take place on the first day of the conference?
Why Why does the owner thank the employees?
How How can memberships be obtained?
Useful Tips
1. Read the questions and identify the question word and key words in each question,
Example: Who should be contacted for registration?
<=> Question word; Who, key words: contact, registration
2. Scan the passage to locate and find the relevant information. Sometimes, you should pay closer
attention since the answer choice and the information in the passage do not look the same
because of the use of paraphrasing.
Q: Why did the apartments close down? A: Because of an inadequate number of tenants
~ Markorc TOPIC RpaHinn www nhantrlvipt mm

HACKERS PRACTICE
Reading Practice
01
Q. Which hotel won the award?

(A) Stanley Hotel
(B) Orchid Terrace
(C) Grand Ching Hotel
02
Q. What does the writer guarantee?

(A) Product delivery within a specified time
(B) High level of product quality
(C) End of strikes by next week
03
Q. For what would patrons be given an extra charge?

(A) Bringing something back late
(B) Returning a rental without the box
(C) Damaging a DVD or video
www.nhantriviet.com Chapter 02 Information Questions - 355

(A) Regular feedback improves the relationship between the supervisor and the subordinate.
(B) Assessment of employees' work encourages improvement in performance.
05
(A) To prevent mold, keep the air flowing in your home.

(B) To reduce moisture, keep an electric fan on at all times.
n
(A) Entrants must have a definite wedding date to qualify for the sweepstakes.
Hi
(B) The Watley Department Store is having a sale on wedding gowns.
(A) Tree planting will reduce the amount of fossil fuels used.
(B) Cultivation of trees is a cost-effective way of lessening C02 emissions.
356 - Hackers TOEiC Reading www.nhantriviet.com

I
08
(A) The defective heater will be repaired at no cost.

(B) The customer should be sent a new product.
09
(A) Costs can be decreased by hiring an outside firm.

(B) Costs can be reduced by accepting recommendations.
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(A) Tenants should hire the services of a pest control vendor.

(B) Tenants can schedule a time and date for inspection.
11
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calenda
tion center The event is sponsore IMS
(A) A company based in Hollywood has supported Branding Consultancy.
(B) Branding Consultancy has funded and organized a gathering.
Answers: p. 557

Questions 01-03 refer to the following list of events.
Greenhills Country Club

Our events for the month of April
Campfire Barbecue
Date and Time 2 nd, 4th Wednesday of the month, 5:00 p.m. ~ 9:00 p.m.
Open to Members of the country club
Time Details Refreshments: 5:00 p.m.
Barbecue Dinner: 7:00 p.m.
Special Lecture "Think Like a Golf Pro" by John Turlington

Date and Time April 8
Open to Public
Exhibit "History's Greatest Golfers" Exhibit and Lecture

- Dr. Ed Brubaker, Lecturer,
renowned sports history professor at Wesson University
Date and Time April 1 0 ~ April 13, whole-day exhibit
Open to Public
Time Details for Dinner Reservations on April 13
Cocktails: 5:30 p.m.
Dinner: 6:30 p.m.
Lecture by Dr. Ed Brubaker: 7:30 p.m. /
|
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Jazz Night (Musicians to be determined)
Date and Time Every Wednesday, 6:00 p.m. ~ 1 :00 a.m.
Open to Members of the country club and their families
01 Which event takes place every other week? 03 Who can attend Jazz Night?
(A) Jazz Night (A) Professors
(B). "History's Greatest Golfers" Exhibit (B) Musicians
(C) "Think Like a Golf Pro" Lecture (C) Club members
(D) Campfire Barbecue (D) Anyone
02 What is the exhibition about?

(A) The origins of golf as a sport
(B) The premier golf players of all time
(C) How to be the best golfer
(D) Wesson University's sports program
www/ nhanfrivipt.com
Questions 04-05 refer to the following advertisement and e-mail
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Co: Customer Service Cenler. Home liquipmenl CD
From: Joseph ( iuinble

Subject: I'auliy Vacuum Cleaner
Iordered a vacuum cleaner under the two-week trial period and have been using it for seven
days. At first, the product seemed to work well, especially with specifications such as the
reusable dirt holder and user-friendly handle. Unfortunately, the plastic rim of the three-foot
extension tube is defective, and seems to have been warped by the heat of the motor after only
a few days. As a result, I've decided to return it. However, rather than exchanging it for a new
vacuum cleaner, Iwould prefer to get my money back. Please let me know if this is possible,
and Iwill make arrangements to send the vacuum in.
Joseph Gumble
04 According to the advertisement, how is this 05 What problem is mentioned by Mr. Gumble?
vacuum different from others? (A) A broken motor
(A) It has a comfortable handle. (B) A defective dirt holder
(B) it is lightweight. (C) A missing handle
(C) It is energy efficient. (D) A faulty extension tube
(D) It has a long tube.
Answers: p. 557

/TRUE Questions
Some questions may ask about the information which is (not) stated /mentioned /indicated /true
in a passage. NOT questions are known as negative questions which almost always include the
word NOT, which is often printed in block letters. It usually takes candidates longer time to
answer NOT /TRUE questions.

Typical Questions
[NOT questions] What is NOT a feature of the item?
What is NOT stated in the article?
[TRUE questions] What is true about the library cards?
What is mentioned in the article?
Useful Tips
Identify the key words in each question, then scan the passage quickly and look for relevant information
in the passage to find the correct answer. Sometimes, you should pay closer attention since the answer
choice and the information in the passage do not look the same because of the use of paraphrasing.
0: What is NOT mentioned as a benefit of season tickets?

(A) Favorable seating options (B) Entry to all shows
(C) First choice on all seats (D) Reduced rates for friends
Q: What is true about the Earphone Depot?

(A) It was established in 1950. (B) It is a subsidiary of WPPI.
(C) It operates in Louisville. (D) It is a family business.
360 TflFff" Poarlinn \Ai\hj\Aj nhÿnfri\/50t mm

HACKERS PRACTICE
Reading Practice
01
I
Q. What is NOT one of the subjects of the seminar?
III BIS
(A) How to balance investor needs

(B) How to carry out strategies
(C) How to market a project
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02
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Q. What is NOT mentioned as one of the features of the new dryer?

I
(A) Temperature setting options
(B) Protection from water damage
(C) A variety of modes depending on user
Q. What is stated about Cascade's TRAX?

(A) It was started by David Fliers.
(B) It is aimed at consumers in their teens and early twenties.
(C) Its sales have met the CEO's expectations.
www.nhantriviet.com Chapter 03 NOT/TRUE Questions - 361

. ..
Choose a correct rephrased statement for each reading passage,
(A) Only university students may attend the session,

(B) Limited seating is available for participants.
(A) Roger Bergerson is the owner of the company.

(B) Roger Bergerson is the company spokesman.
iiiiiiiii iiiniim
(A) The Whoosh vacuum cleaner can make draperies clean.
(B) There's no need to sweep the fioor again after you've used Whoosh.
ÿ
il
(A) The governor will talk about issues on commerce.

(B) The governor will discuss his plans for re-election.
362 - Hackers TOE1C Readina www.nhantriviet.com

08
(A) The store is selling all bicycles at marked-down prices.

(B) The store will hold a safe on select items,
(A) Construction will, begin when financial backing is given.

(B) The Carmichae! Group will invest in the building when the plans are finalized.
10
(A) Properly installed doors are needed at all building entrances.

(B) Renovations will enable disabled workers to reach door handles.
ÿs 1 1
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(A) The company gives a free estimate.

(B) The guide is free for customers.
Answers: p. 557

S T ;Time limit: 2 minutes
Question 01 refers to the following notice.
Taxi Service Guidelines

- A Reminder for all Travelers
The following are guidelines for passengers in taxi cabs:
Riders should be aware that cab drivers cannot refuse

to provide taxi service based on the distance of the
trip. Additionally, the meter must be turned on when
the service begins. The taxi driver cannot charge you
more than what is indicated on the meter. The only
exception to this is a trip to or from the airport. There
is a flat charge of $21 for airport service. You will not
be charged extra for additional passengers, but having
more than four passengers in the vehicle is considered
illegal. Hence, do not expect a cab driver to accept
the fifth passenger. Credit cards are accepted by most
cab drivers. Cab drivers are not allowed to play their
own music or smoke in their cabs. Passengers are also
prohibited from smoking. Tipping is appreciated. An
appropriate tip for satisfactory service is 10 percent
of the total fee. However, the amount of tip is left to
the discretion of the customer. If you experience any
problems, report the taxi number, license plate, and
driver's name to the National Taxi Association.
Thank you for cooperation and patronage.
01 What is NOT stated as a taxi regulation?

(A) People in the taxi can't smoke cigarettes.
(B) Drivers are obligated to take riders regardless of distance.
(C) All fees and charges must be paid in cash.
(D) The maximum capacity is four people.

Questions 02-03 refer to the following advertisement and e-mail.
(Wrt elrvaio
To: Frank Wright, Downtown Real Estate

Ef.
From: Harry Dixon, Maxx Finance O
Dear Mr. Wright:

Thank you for showing us around the office space yesterday. I was impressed with the build¬
ing and the facilities, especially the state-of-the-art security system. However, there are a few
changes we would like to have made to the contract. To begin with, we would like to extend the
term of the contract to two years, repaint the interior in our company's signature color of pale
blue, and attach some signage to the wall in the reception area. Secondly, it's our understanding
that the cost of installation of dividing walls is usually met by the building owner, so we would like
this part of the contract to be changed too.
Sincerely,
Harry Dixon
02 What does the advertisement say about the 03 What is NOT mentioned in Mr. Dixon's list of
property? amendments?
(A) It will be ready to rent next month. (A) The interior decoration
(B) It's pre-equipped with temperature control. (B) The security system
(C) It was renovated last year. (C) The terms for installing dividing walls
(D) It is separated into cubicles. (D) The length of the agreement
Answers: p. 558

Chapter 04
Inference Question A
%
A few questions in Part 7 are inference questions that require examinees to draw a conclusion
about the information that is given because the answers to these questions are not directly
stated in the passage.

Typical Questions
Where would this information most likely be found?
For whom is the announcement most likely intended?
What does the article imply about the restaurant?
What can be inferred about the workshop?
What is suggested in the letter?
Useful Tips
The answers to inference questions are not directly stated in the reading passage. You, thus, have to
interpret what the passage implies or draw a conclusion based on the information provided by looking
at some hints or key points found in both the questions and the reading passage.
Q: Who is the announcement for? A: Collectors of old china
Q: What does the article suggest about rotating shift schedules?

A: It does not always appeal to employees.
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HACKERS PRACTICE
Reading Practice
Read the following passages and choose the best answer to each question given,
01
Q. What will Edward most likely do?

(A) Arrange for delivery service
(B) Make copies of the original plans
(C) Send off any last-minute changes to the plans
02
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Q, What is suggested about two companies in the passage? CD
(A) They have agreed to promote each other's business.

(B) They both provide custom-designed home furnishings.
(C) They are advertising their new products in catalogs.
tment, retirement a
Q. For whom is this brochure intended?

(A) Middle-class families
(B) Corporate property investors
(C) Wealthy luxury travelers
www.nh antriviet.com Chapter 04 Inference Questions - 367

04 ÿ
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11
ÿB
(A) The training may be repeated once without charge.
(B) Veritas recommends that an LGV driver sign up for training.
(A) Henson invested a great deal of money to ensure a high-quality standard.

(B) Henson has purchased a new system due to a lack of quality products.
06
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(A) The basic plan is suitable for all communication needs.

(B) Pricing options are available for all budgets.
07
(A) A conference is being scheduled for management and employees.

(B) There is an existing plan to restructure the company.

I
08
(A) Herbs can promote faster healing from surgery.

(B) Doctors use herbs during surgical operations,
(A) Patented cleaning methods are used if requested by the homeowner.

(B) The caller can enjoy a discount if he refers to the advertisement.
I
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I
10
8
(A) You need to sign up in advance to attend the seminar.
(B) The seminar is limited to employees only.
11
(A) A bakery is hosting a fundraiser to build a pavilion.

(B) A bakery will give out free food before noon.
Answers: p. 558
\m\hi\u nhantrivipt rom Chapter 04 Inference Questions - 369

1
Question 01 refers to the following article.
|n recent airline industry news, two Although both companies acknowledge

1® mof the top companies have merged the risk involved in merging the airlines, there
11 in an attempt to offer more direct
I services to popular international
is confidence that the new services will sway
public opinion. Ashley Hampton, a member of
destinations. A representative from BlucSky BlueSky's executive board, reminded the press
was recently interviewed by members of the of the main reason for the switch. She stated,
press, at which point he announced the "If a customer calls one of our representatives
company's decision to join forces with Atlantic needing a flight from Tokyo to Seattle, we can
Air. The decision comes after months of refer him/her to the Atlantic Air service line. It
negotiation. The main cause of the merger is is a mutually beneficial relationship and we are
the increasing competition with some of the excited about the possibilities."
major U.S. airliners who are able to offer direct
service flights for the most popular business
routes.
01 What can be inferred about Atlantic Air?

(A) It only offers discount flights.
(B) It recently purchased BlueSky.
(C) It has a flight from Seattle to Tokyo.
(D) It is known for providing excellent customer service.
n~ir\ TACir \Af\AfSA; rnm

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Questions 02-03 refer to the following information and e-mail.
Comparison of Laptops
excellent aood t* fair ** poor * terrible
Overall, Creativity and Riverpoint 440 met shoppers' expectations where display quality, software,
Iwttory !Kc-, *vr?icnt si;'y, .-in:1 sIoi'ch:- Pju-c-o ;n c fincernw?'. Rivr-.iy,oini eckjco oui CrÿU'vity hy 7
p;;iiiis. Exc;o! 3 0 ?n:l Sensory did fairly vveil, hu! Lx!xl's spaco wms "l issÿc wii.li its \hi\i-
osi capoci'.y hoing oiily 20 fjiCjOiiyles. Shopnors cc:"!ipir:incc; -"hone Sensory s :')-:ni.O! y iif-j, vvi-u'oii
o)i|)OcM's Lo orL ;:vu:r only 2 hours use.
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02 Where would the information most likely be 03 What does the e-mail suggest?
found? (A) The brand's popularity has fallen due to
(A) In a magazine of merchandise reviews the article.
(B) On the item's box (B) The company needs a better marketing
(C) In a product brochure strategy.
(D) In a newspaper advertisement (C) The data reported in the article might not
be accurate.
(D) They have recently upgraded their laptops.
Answers: p. 558
www.nhantriviet.com Chapter 04 Inference Questions - 371

nonym Questions
Synonym questions ask about the meaning of a word or a phrase in a reading passage. Most
of the lexical items in reading passages consist of relatively common English words or phrases,
but certainly there will be business-related vocabulary that you may not know.
Typical Question and Useful Tips

Typical Question
The word "run" in paragraph 1, line 5 is closest in meaning to
Useful Tips
1. For unknown lexical items, guess the meaning of the unfamiliar words in the passage based on
the context. In other words, you may use the familiar words in a sentence to get an idea of what an
unfamiliar word in the same sentence means.
2. You should make use of this book to learn and broaden your store of vocabulary so that you can
reduce your difficulty in doing questions of this type.
Q: The word "manage" in paragraph 2, line 2 is closest in meaning to

(A) unite (B) regulate (C) withstand (D) handle
372 - Hackers TOEIC Readino www.nhantrivipt.rom

Content Words in TOEIC Reading
Verbs
01 accommodate = lodge
[akdmadeit] This hotel can 150 guests.
02 assess = evaluate
The real estate agency will assess (= evaluate) the value of the property we
are interested in buying.
03 assume = suppose
[asu:m] The clients assume (= suppose) that rumors of the company's financial prob¬
lems are exaggerated.
= take on
Most students assume (= take on) a large amount of debt during their time at
university.
04 decline
[diklain] The credit card was declined (= rejected) because the customer had exceeded
his monthly limit.
05 generate = produce
[djenareitj The new merger will allow the manufacturing company to generate (= produce)
higher profits.
06 govern = control
LgAvarnJ The department of motor vehicles governs (= controls) the issuance of drivers'
licenses.
07 cover = include
[kAvarJ The cost estimates cover (= include) all shipping, handling fees, and taxes.
The CEO will cover (= discuss) plans for the new manufacturing plant at our
next staff meeting.
Sara brought only enough cash to cover (= pay for) her own accommodation
expenses.
08 renew = extend, lengthen

The law firm decided to renew (= extend, lengthen) their office lease for another
two years.
09 submit = file, send in

[sabimt] Applicants for the marketing position must submit (= file, send in) their forms
and resumes by June 27.
www.nhantriviet.com Chapter 05 Synonym Questions - 373

H
10 serve
[sa:rv] The airline will serve (= provide) hot meals to all passengers on flights to
Beijing.
Mr. Brian Davis will serve (= act, work) as the temporary director until a replace¬
ment can be found.
11 stress = emphasize
Skyview's factory managers always stress (= emphasize) the importance of
safety in the workplace.
= overburden
Mr. Arthur is stressed (= overburdened) by the planning of the annual investors'
meeting.
12 treat
[tri:t] The workshop will show employees how to treat (= deal with) customers'
complaints.
13 work
[wa:rk] Rose had difficulty trying to get the recently purchased fax machine to work
(= operate).
Nouns
14 atmosphere = environment
[aetmasfier] The hotel created an exotic atmosphere (= environment) by filling their lobby
with plants and flowers.
15 consideration = attention
[kansidareijan] The director recommended several filming locations for the studio's consider¬
ation (= attention).
16 feasibility = possibility, viability

[fi:zabfiiti] The accountants will assess the feasibility (= possibility, viability) of marketing
in China.
17 commission
[kamijan] All sales staff receive a 20 percent commission (= fee) for every sale they make.
= committee
A meeting for the Securities and Exchange Commission (= Committee) was
announced for Monday.
Tnr;r r?
__
J:
___
,
\Af\AnAi rnm
is item = goods, merchandise
[aitamj Nyland Department Store carries a wide variety of household items (= goods,
merchandise).
19 feature = characteristic
[frtjarj One of the main features (= characteristics) of the new car is its low fuel
consumption.
20 occupation
[akjupeijan] The study showed that most people have at least three different occupations
(= jobs) before they eventually retire.
21 operation
[apareifan] Ms. Kelly was in good condition after her heart operation (= surgery).
22 paycheck = salary, wage

[peitjek] Greyson Enterprises oflers monthly rather than weekly paychecks (= salaries,
wages) to their employees.
23 proprietor
[prapraiatar] It is the responsibility of the building proprietor (= owner) to maintain and
repair the elevators.
24 provision(s) = supplies
[pravl39n(z)] Mr. White suggested we place the order this week before we run out of provi¬
sions (= supplies).
= arrangements
CAN-Rail makes special seating provision (= arrangements) for senior citizens
and passengers traveling with young children.
25 replacement = successor
[ripleismont] The president wants to find a replacement (= successor) for the regional director
as soon as possible.
26 StOCk = inventory
The supplier's stock (= inventory) of computer keyboards is nearly depleted.
The textile manufacturer decided to sell 30 percent of their company's stock

(= shares).
www.rihantriviet.com Chapter 05 Synonym Questions - 375

27 term(s) = conditions
[ta:rm(z)] All staff are permitted two weeks of vacation according to the terms
(= conditions) of their contracts.
Payments must be made monthly during the two-year term (= period) of the
credit card's validity.
Adjectives
28 certain = specific
[sa:rtn] Recycling centers will be made available to residents at certain (= specific)
locations throughout the city.
29 effective = efficient
[ifektiv] Ms. Getty conducted a workshop that focused on more elective (= efficient)
production methods.
The discount offered by the bookstore is ÿ
"k-) until the end of the

month.
30 notable = important
[noutabl] . Beatrice Zbornak is a notable (= important) figure in the civil rights movement.
31 prominent = well-known
[prdmanant] Professor McClanahan is a prominent (= well-known) expert in the field of
alternate energy.
32 liable
[laiablj Computers are more liable (= likely) to shut down when four or more applica¬
tions are running at once.
= responsible
The court decided that the supplier was liable (= responsible) for the cost of
damage to the shipment.
33 sharp
[fa:rp] Snowstorms and a sharp (= rapid) drop in temperatures are expected for this
weekend.
34 unbiased = impartial
[inbaiast] The firm hired an unbiased (= impartial) mediator to negotiate a solution to the
labor dispute.
->-r/r i i
_ __
i ~rr\ri/~ s a f\ At% a t rsk rnm
35 sophisticated
[saflstakeitid] Branson Games Inc. has used highly sophisticated (= complex) software to
develop its unique products.
Mr. Clayton is very intelligent and has a sophisticated (= refined) sense of humor.
36 unwavering = consistent
[Anweivarig] Betty has worked with us for twenty years and her sense of loyalty has been
unwavering (= consistent).
Adverbs
37 approximately = around, about

[aprdksamatli] The plane will arrive at Narita International Airport in approximately (= around,
about) ten minutes.
= successively >
38 consecutively o
[kansekjutivli] Employees working for more than seven days consecutively (= successively) £T>
are eligible for a bonus.

3
a
39 exceptionally = especially o
[iksepjanali] Lindstrom Jewelers is famous for making exceptionally (= especially) fine

jewellery.
40 exclusively
[iksklu:sivli] The Golden Idol Lounge is exclusively (= solely) for the use of first-class
passengers.
41 inherently = fundamentally
[inhfarantlij Venture businesses are inherently (= fundamentally) risky.
42 initially = originally
[inxjali] Achron Chemicals reported that profits for this quarter were much higher than
initially (= originally) expected.
43 substantially = considerably
[sabstaenjali] In order to cut costs, the company substantially (= considerably) reduced the
staff benefits.
44 randomly = irregularly
[ra§ndamli] Safety inspections at the factory seemed to be conducted quite randomly
(= irregularly).

HACKERS PRACTICE
Choose the word that is closest in meaning to the one printed in bold type.
01 Place your bag in the locker. ® Put (D Select
02 maintain factory production © keep up ® defend

03 the company's target market @ store ® buyers
04 Bring articles to the cashier. ® items © stories
05 out of stock @ inventory ® production
06 the government's landmark decision @ important ® location
07 a prominent expert in the field ® well-known ® large
08 a positive financial forecast @ additional ® optimistic
09 Financial experts supported the testimony. @ confirmed ® looked after
10 ways to curtail consumption of fossil fuels ® reduce (B) include
11 gauge the weight of the box @ guess (§) measure
12 run a restaurant @ manage ® visit

13 violate their company regulations ® infringe ® adjust
14 pay the bill @ legislation ® invoice
15 purchase a counterfeit product ® forgery ® quality
16 a voucher for complimentary dessert @ coupon ® brochure
17 feel apprehensive about the future @ confident ® fearful
18 a highly contagious disease @ infectious ® incurable
19 observe the rules @ follow ® establish
20 quote a price for the construction ® state ® estimate
21 Stress is known to raise the body temperature. @ elevate ® disturb
22 His early remarks suggest a lack of interest. ® recommend ® imply
23 He is involved in a very profitable business. @ high-risk (B) lucrative
24 launch a new perfume ® develop ® introduce

25 a vacancy for a mailroom assistant ® opening ® career
26 have a previous engagement ® reservation ® appointment
27 maintain the company's reputation ® preserve ® assert
28 complimentary copies of the new book @ praiseworthy ® free
29 assess the financial damage ® risk ® loss
30 Gas prices are falling. ® decreasing ® inflating
378 - Hatkprs TOFIC Rpadina www.nhantriviet.com

31 Imports have markedly increased. @ distinctly (B) primarily
32 meet the board's requirements @ satisfy (B) encounter
33 operate a business © work ® run

34 his impending retirement ® approaching (B) voluntary
35 demonstrate how to use the fax machine @ explain (§) protest
36 Consumption of luxury goods dropped abruptly. © significantly (B) suddenly
37 for the remainder of this month @ rest (§) end
38 The final meeting will occur next week. ® conclude (§) happen
39 The report implicates that a recession is coming. @ implies (B) denies
40 Our license expires next month. @ perishes (B) finishes
41 raise wholesale prices @ elevate (B) gather
42 honor Ms. Haught for what she has achieved ® respect (B) approve 33
m
>
O
43 face the competition ® defeat (B) confront 2
44 a thorough search for missing luggage © complete ® random

CO
45 suspend his decision ® postpone (B) defend os

—
O
c:
CD
46 accrue interest at 12 percent per annum @ pay (B) accumulate cn
o"
3
cn
47 women's apparel production ® garment ® jewelry
48 affect the economic state
49 be anxious to begin the new project
® influence
@ hesitant
(§) pretend
(B) eager
i
50 a drop in industrial output ® profit (B) production
51 relieve his heavy workload ® alleviate © endure

52 a supermarket patron @ supporter (§) customer
IC
53 The task entails much stress. @ involves (§) causes O)

n
ÿ7T
fD
t-A
54 as a consequence of the decision @ result (B) objective -H

O
m
55 aggravate the downturn in economic activity @ intensify (B) extend ri

30
Qi
56 the provision in the contract ® clause ® supply CL

3*
ua
57 outstanding natural beauty ® exceptional ® excessive

58 a nice spot for a picnic © destination (B) place
59 There was a lot of speculation about the new design. ® conjecture (B) configuration
60 surpass everyone's expectations © exceed ® increase

Answers: p. 558

....fiyiii Memlierslilp ........

Those enrolling for a one-year membership at Florida Fitness Center are entitled to the
following:
-Full use of all gym facilities including the pool, exercise equipment, shower and
locker rooms
- Participation in all aerobics, swimming and weight training classes
- Use of the lounge and snack bar where we serve healthy snacks and drinks
- Two annual fitness tests provided by our in-house physical fitness expert
- Use of massage and spa facilities (extra charges apply)
- A free Florida Fitness T-shirt and gym bag
Our sports facility is conveniently located downtown on the corner of 9th Avenue and Red¬
grave Street. Free parking is available and the complex is open from 7a.m. to 10p.m. every
day of the week. Whether you are a first-time member or would like to renew your current
membership, please feel free to stop by our offices during working hours.
01 The word "serve" in paragraph 1, line 6 is 02 The word "renew" in paragraph 2, line 3 is
closest in meaning to closest in meaning to
(A) prepare (A) extend
(B) provide (B) renovate
(C) take (C) operate
(D) cook (D) modernize

Questions 03-04 refer to the following article and e-mail.
From: Daniel Hendricks, Vice President of Sales, Soundbox Inc. <dhen@soundbox.org> >
To: Aii Yasof <yasof@sd.coin>
Date: Sept. 6
-a
Re: Goldbar D-30Q0 CD
Thank you for the information you sent me about iD Electronics' new Goldbar D-3000 mobile
phone. As you know, Soundbox stores recently expanded their product range to include mobile
phones. We've always offered our customers the very latest technology with our audio-visual
products, and hope to do the same in our mobile phone department. We expect that your new
wrist-phone will be a huge breakthrough in this area of the market.
i
I will be attending the Cellular Communication Technology Fair in Osaka, and assume your
company will be exhibiting there. I would like to speak with you about the possibility of forming
a sales partnership for your new product, and hope to arrange an appointment with you ahead
of time. I know we will both be busy during the event, so please let me know what time and
place would be most convenient for you.
03 In the article, the word "stressed" in line 6 is 04 In the e-mail, the word "assume" in paragraph
closest in meaning to 2, line 1 is closest in meaning to
(A) proposed (A) continue
(B) emphasized (B) require
(C) considered (C) suppose
(D) regarded (D) follow
Answers: p. 558

3R? www.nhantriviet.com
Single Passages
Chapter 06 - E-mails /Letters
Chanter 07 - Afh/eHsements
Chapter 08 - Notices & Announcements
Chapter 09 - Articles & Reports
Chapter 10 - Memorandums
Chapter 11 - Information
Chapter 12 - Non-Prose Readings
www.n ha ntriviet.co m 383

In Part 7, reading passages may be in the form of e-mails or letters. You may usually find two
to three e-mails /letters in Part 7 of each TOEIC test. These are business communications
between companies or within a company. It is not so difficult to find out the correct answers if
you are familiar with the format of e-mails/ letters.

Typical Questions
What is the purpose of this e-mail?
What is Robert Payne being asked to do?
What is enclosed with this letter?
When did Ms. Dwyer first contact Mr. Frazier?
Useful Tips
You should familiarize yourself with the format of an e-mail or a business letter and common ex¬
pressions in order to choose correct answers easily. Generally, the information about the sender
and recipient is given at the top of the e-mail /letter. The purpose is mentioned in the introduction;
the content and attachment are given in the body. Finally, a certain request may be included in the
conclusion of the e-mail /letter.
Sender/
Letterhead
Date
Recipient
Purpose
Content &
attachment
I Request
Complimentary closing
Signature
Sender's name
Name of the company/
sender's title /position
Q; Who is Mark Spencer? A: A customer of a textile factory

Common Expressions and Vocabulary in Emails /Letters
Common Expressions in E-mails/ Letters

<B Purpose of the e-mail/ letter
1 am writing + to-infinitive
I am writing to inquire about a discrepancy between an order I made and the amount I was charged.
This letter is + to-infinitive

This letter is to confirm your registration for the upcoming conference on financial service providers.
# Attachment
We have enclosed ~
We have enclosed a copy of the quarterly report and a synopsis of upcoming projects for the coming
fiscal year.
Enclosed you will find ~

Enclosed you will find information on the services you indicated interest in and contact numbers for
each service.
© Request
Please ~ 5
E
Please send any comments or questions you have to Ms. Stevens at the following e-mail address. z
I would be grateful if you could ~ ~

<Q_
I would be grateful if you could give me some information about the position you advertised in The ®
Financial Herald.
Common Vocabulary in E-mails/ Letters

Business/Trade
bargain over prices mutual funds
cargo [kd:rgou] order [o:rdar]
clause [klo:z] overcharge [ouvart/dÿdg]
commerce [kdmarrs] postage [poustidj]
commission [kanrijan] quota [kwouta] 5
consignment [kansainmant] quote [kwoutj f"
contract [kdntraekt] shipment [Jlpmant] 3
courier [ka:riar] specification [spesafikei/an] Q
customs [kAstamz] subcontractor [sAbkantrsktar] S.
delivery [dilxvari] tariff [tserif] m
embargo [imbckrgou] trade [treid]

freight [freit] transaction [traensEekfan]
invoice [invois] transit [transit]
multilateral [mAltilsetaral] vendor [vender]
www.nhantriviet.com Chapter 06 E-mails/ Letters - 385

I
# Sales, Distribution
catalog [ksetal5:g] merchandise [mairtjandaiz]
charge [tfccrdj] net price
client [klaiant] outlet [autlet]
commodity [kamddati] purchase order
customer [kistamar] retailer [ri:teilar]
discount idiskaunt] stock [stak]
distribution [distrabju:Jan] supplier [sapMiar]
goods [gudz] transport [transport]
inventory [mvanto:ri] warehouse [weahaus]
@ Banking, Rnance
account [akaunt] endorse [indorrs]
bank statement insurance [injuarans]
bounced check insurance policy
cardholder [kd:rdh6uldar] interest [intsrist]
cash a check loan [loun]
checking account mortgage [mSirgidj]
collection notice outstanding balance
credit [kredit] overdraw [ouvardr5:]
creditor [kreditar] overdue [ouvardju:]
debit card premium [pri:miam]
debt tdet] savings account
deduct [didAkt] transaction record
delinquent [diligkwant] utility bill
deposit [dipdzit] wire [waiar]
due date
0 Accommodation
building [bildig] outskirts [autska:rts]
cozy [kouzi] parlor [pd:rlar]
demolition [demalifan] premises [premisiz]
dweller [dwelar] real estate
estimate [estamit] remote [rimout]
evacuate [ivaskjueit] rent [rent]
furnished [fa:rnijt] residence [rezidans]
garage [gardrdj] spacious [speijas]
inhabitant [inhabitant] storage room
landlord [l8§ndlo:rd] tenant [tenant]
lease [li:s] tenure [tenjuar]
let [let] vacant [veikant]
occupant [dkjapant] valuation [vsfeljueifan]
TDFIf RpaHinn www.nhantriviet.com

HACKERS PRACTICE
Reading Practice
01
Q, When is the construction expected to start?

(A) In July
(B) In August
(C) In November
Q. Why was the e-mail written?

(A) To advertise a new club
(B) To respond to an inquiry for information
(C) To provide contact details for the agency
cu
n
Q. What is enclosed with this letter?

(A) An itinerary of the conference activities
(B) A statement of participation for the event
(C) An invitation to the weekend's festivities
Answers: p. 558
www.nhantriviet.com Chapter 06 E-mails /Letters - 387

(3Time limit: 4 minutes
Savory Cheeses
Suite 34, Slass Complex
Chicago, IL 73456
Dear Mr. Jones,
Let me begin by expressing our company's excitement at the upcoming opportunity to do

business with your establishment. On behalf of Alpha Carriers, Iextend a show of gratitude
for entrusting us with your valuable goods. Considering that this is the first time we will do
business together, we want to take special care to ensure a smooth and faultless transaction.
To begin, I'd like to review the shipping details. The dairy goods will be picked up on the
morning of September 25 in a refrigerated cargo truck. The truck will drive the goods to
Seattle, Washington by the afternoon of September 26 along the route agreed upon in the
contract. Please refer to the copy of the contract attached to this letter. The trucker will
sign the shipment over to the handlers at the Savory Cheeses branch store, and their people
will unload the goods. Once the goods are unloaded, our trucker will take down the mileage
and time of transaction, and the shipment will be complete.
If there are no problems with the above noted plans, we shall begin preparing for your ship¬
ment immediately. Any problems or questions regarding your goods can be directed to our
customer service representatives on call 24 hours every day. They are authorized to track
the status of any shipment as long as a confirmation number is provided.
Thank you again for using Alpha Carriers. We look forward to a future of great business with
you!
James Wa Iker
Alpha Carriers
01 What is the purpose of the letter? 02 What is enclosed with this letter?
(A) To describe products (A) A receipt for payment of services
(B) To confirm shipping arrangements (B) A list of goods being sent to the store
(C) To request reimbursement for a purchase (C) A duplicate of the agreement
(D) To ask about the status of a shipment (D) A certificate of guarantee with a confirm¬
ation number

mUB9
To: Steve Corcoran
From: Mary Henry

Subject: Architectural consideration
It has come to my attention lately that a number of potential clients have asked what
we offer in terms of paneling. Up until recently, I never considered this method of con¬
struction as a viable option, but customer demand is making me think otherwise. Our
researchers have found that many urban buildings are now constructed using panels that
attach like jigsaw puzzles. The benefits are that it is cheap, easy to put together, and has
a very modern look. Customers seem to like this clean and sharp image in their offices
and homes in comparison to the cement or sheetrock walls available before.
Because of the high consumer demand for this type of construction, I would like to know
whether it is possible for our company to start offering it as an option. I feel this could
be very beneficial for us, and it will be appreciated if you let me know what you think
of the idea.
I will be sending some research files for your review within the next 24 hours. When it
is convenient for you, let's schedule a time to discuss this proposal. i I
|-J
03 What is the purpose of the e-mail? 04 What is suggested in the e-mail?

(A) To conduct market research (A) The company is not currently using
(B) To request instructions jigsaw-like panels.
(C) To confirm a contract (B) Modern consumers prefer the more trad¬
(D) To ask for an opinion itional walls.
(C) Customers are hesitant about urban-style
interiors.
(D) The company has thoroughly researched
paneling options.
Answers: p. 558
www.nhantriviet.com Chapter 06 E-mails/ Letters - 389

Chapter 07
Advertisementsmr.<
In Part 7, reading passages may be in the form of advertisements. These may be advertise¬
ments on products /services or job advertisements. All of them are most often found in every
TOEIC Reading test.

Typical Questions
[Job advertisements] What position is being advertised?
What is a requirement for the position?
How should a person apply for the job?
[Product/service What is being advertised?
advertisements] What is NOT a feature of the item?
For whom is this advertisement intended?
Useful Tips
1. If it is a job advertisement, you must draw your attention to the position recruited, requirements,
the application procedure, etc. You may find some key words in the advertisement such as
responsibilities, qualifications, requirements, etc.
2. For an advertisement on a product /service, you should read all the details, e.g. the advertiser,
reader, product/service. All of these details are often found in the first part of the advertisement;
features of the product /service or forms of promotion are usually found in the later part of the
advertisement.
ÿniKai Heading
IISIIIISB Job title
ÿ Responsibilities
Requirements & benefits
Method of application
ÿ
Q: According to the advertisement, what does the job require?
A: Official proof of fluency in the foreign language
3Qfi _ Wartmrc THFif* PoaHinn www.nhantriviet.com

Common Expressions and Vocabulary in Job Advertisements
Common Expressions in Job Advertisements

O Job/ Position
Name of the company + is seeking + job /job description
Cell-Tech is seeking an innovative and dynamic individual to facilitate business development at our new
branch in Chicago.
© Responsibilities
Candidates will be responsible for ~
The successful candidate will be responsible for budget management, accounts reconciliation and
inventory control.
© Requirements
A candidate is required to have ~
The candidate is required to have five or more years' experience in a similar role.
O Method of application
Interested persons should ~ ÿ
Interested persons should mail or fax a cover letter, resume, and references before the August 15 >
deadline. g
CO
Common Vocabulary in Job> Advertisements ÿ
Recruitment (Q
05
C/5
application [aeplakeifan] hire [haiar]

apply for in-house job posting
be fluent in interview [mtarvju:]
bilingual [baiMqgwsl] job vacancy (= job opening) J|
candidate [kaendideit] prerequisite [pri:rekwizit]
certificate [sartlfikat] professional [prafejanal]
communication skills proficient [prafi/gnt]
competent [kdmpitant] qualification [kwalafakeijan] ÿ
cover letter recruit [rikru:t] %
dependable [dipendsbl] reference letter (= letter of recommendation) ÿ
diploma [diplouma] resume [rezumei] '
r
employ [imploi] skill [skil] £Q.
employment [imploimantj specialist [spejalist] 5'
experienced [ikspiarisnst] trustworthy [trAstwa:r5i]
www.nhantriviet.com Chapter 07 Advertisements - 391

@ Jobs
accountant [akaimtant] expert [ekspairt]

analyst [aenalist] janitor [djaenitar]
attorney [atarrni] operator [apareitar]
bookkeeper [bukkiiparj physician [fizljan]
cashier [kaejiar] researcher [risa:rtfar]
chemist Ikemist] salesman [seilzman]
counselor [kaunsalor] secretary [sekrateri]
engineer [endjaniar]
® Pay
allotment [aldtmant] payment [peimant]
allowance [alauans] payroll [peiroul]
benefit [benafit] pension [pen/an]
bonus [bounas] reward [riw5:rd]
cut the number on payroll salary [sa§lari]
incentive [insentiv] wage [weidj]
income [inkAm]
0 Working Conditions
be on duty night shift
be on leave orientation [oirienteijon]
day shift part-time
freelance [frf:lsens] probationary period
internship [mta:rnjip] sick leave
maternity leave temporary [tempareri]
newcomer [n/u:kAmar]
39? Markers TOFIC Fteadtna www.nhantriviet.com

HACKERS PRACTICE
Reading Practice
01
Q. What is mentioned as a requirement for employment?

(A) Master's degree in computer programming
(B) Ability to communicate in a foreign language
(C) Expertise in document processing software
02
>
U
CTs
Q. What is NOT mentioned as a responsibility of the job?

(A) Instructing staff on market trends
(B) Giving presentations of research results
(C) Finding information about competing companies i
03
Q. What is being advertised?

(A) A tour guide book
(B) A hostel for backpackers
(C) A travel escort service
Answers: p, 558
www,nharrtrivietcom Chapter 07 Advertisements - 393

management Position Available

for a Qualified Professional
The Pacific Pacesetters Training Corporation is accepting applications
for a Customized Training Director. This is a full-time position. The Dir- ÿ
ector will be responsible for the overseeing and sales of customized

training programs for companies, colleges, public offices and organ¬
izations on a city-wide scale. He or she will build relationships with
local officials, company heads, colleges and professional organizations
for the purpose of cultivating and growing new markets. Local travel
is required. Candidate must have a Master's degree and two years'
experience in a similar position. Strong computer and instructional
skills are required. Ability to speak and read in Spanish is a plus. The
Pacific Pacesetters Training Corporation provides a competitive salary
commensurate with the candidate's qualifications. Those wanting to
apply for this job posting are asked to send a letter of interest to Ad-
ministrative Services, Pacific Pacesetters Training Corporation, Route
67 West, Boston, MA 02101 or hrd@pptc.com.
It ®
01 According to the advertisement, what is one 02 What are applicants interested in the position
of the job requirements? asked to do?
(A) Communication abilities (A) Fax a resume
(B) Experience in education (B) Send a letter
(C) Computer skills (C) Fill in an application form
(D) Fluency in Spanish (D) Forward a mailing address
3Q4 TARf RpÿHinn www.nhantriviet.com

k
STORE CLOSURE CLEARANCE!

Everything must go!
Don't miss out on Nerdstrom's store closure clearance! We are moving to a new location
and all current stock is on sale! Find incredible discounts on brand name products. Don't
miss out on these great savings!
ÿ 60% off all swimwear!
m 70% off all women 's summer clothing!
m 70% off all men 's summer clothing!
ÿ 50% off all seasonal footwear!
m 60% off all summer beach and sports equipment!

m 50% off everything in our sportswear department!
And don't forget, those using their Nerdstrom's charge card will receive an additional
10 percent off their total purchase and a free catalog of our fall and winter collections.
This incredible savings event starts Saturday, March 12 until Tuesday, March 1 5. Our stock
is limited, so don't waste any time and head down to Nerdstrom's this weekend! Our
hours are 10 a.m. to 8 p.m. every day. Visit our website www.nerdstroms.com for more
information.
03 Why have prices been reduced? 05 Where can customers find more information
(A) The store is going out of business. about the sale?
(B) The business is relocating. (A) In a brochure
(C) The merchandise is damaged. (B) In a magazine
(D) The building is being renovated. (C) In a catalog
(D) On the website
04 What will customers who use a Nerdstrom's
charge card receive?
(A) A beach towel
(B) A catalog
(C) A gift certificate
(D) A newspaper subscription
Answers: p. 558
www.nhantriviet.com Chapter 07 Advertisements - 395

.
>">\-1
' I * j»"
,
,
, 4 .J* J
', -. i
»»<ÿ> 'ÿ
Notices & Announcements ÿ8ÿ
&MS
In Part 7, reading passages may be in the form of notices and announcements, Notices are
used to announce some news or changes within a company. They usually include the sender,
recipient, topic, and main content. Announcements are meant to inform the public. Typically,
they involve the introduction of a new product or service, the statement of a government or
business policy, the opening of a cultural attraction, etc. About two passages of these types
are found in Part 7 of each TOEIC test.

Typical Questions
What is the purpose of this notice?
Where is this announcement found?
What will happen on February 15?
What is stated about the residents?
Useful Tips
1. Overview questions about these types of passages often ask about the purpose of the notice/
announcement or the audience for it. The answers to these questions can easily be found in the
first half of the reading passage. Information questions often ask about the time, place, prices,
etc. which may be found in the middle, and contact detail may usually be seen at the end of the
passage.
2. If you are familiar with the format of notices and announcements, you can save plenty of time
while doing the test and find out the correct answers easily.
Topic
Details & requests
I Contact detail
Q: Who should motorists contact if they have any concerns?

A: John Shriver
396 - Hackers TOEIC Readinq www.nnantnv

Common Expressions and Vocabulary in Notices and
Announcements
Common Expressions in Notices and Announcements

O Purposes of notices/announcements
We are pleased to announce ~
We are pleased to announce the publication of the 2008 edition of The Journalist's Reference Book.
Please be aware that ~

Please be aware that there is a service charge for bank patrons whose checks are returned due to
insufficient funds.
# Requests
(Audience) is requested + to-infinitive
Drivers are requested to collect a parking voucher from the dispensing machine before entering the
garage.
® Contact detail
If you have any concerns, please contact ~
If you have any concerns, please contact us at the address indicated at the end of this policy.
ZKJ
m
>
O
Common Vocabulary in Notices and Announcements 1

cn
O in companies <§
CD
accomplish [akdmplif] implement umplamantj

CO
acquisition [Eekwizijbn] mediate [mrdieit] ®
agenda [adjends] negotiation [nigoujieifan]

assign [asain] oversee [ouversi:]
assignment [asainmant] performance [parfd:rmans]
circulate [sa:rkjaleit]
compromise [kdmpramaiz]
consensus [kansensas]
recipient [risipiant]
reimburse [ri:imba:rs]
routine [ru:ti:n]
I
coordinate [kou5:rdaneit] set out to do
correspondence [k5:rispdndans| submission [sabmi/an]
dispute [dispju:t] take on
dress code undertake [Andarteik]
embark [imbd:rk] workload [wa:rkloud]
evaluate [ivaeljueit]
www.nharrtriviet.com Chapter 08 Notices & Announcements - 397

. ...
fl Production
ÿHiiiiriMipiiriiiÿiB'saiamaimaftiBaÿgiMaÿBi
apparatus [separaetas]
assembly line
minimize [mlnamaiz]
output [autput]
component [kampounant] outsourcing [auts5:rsig]
construct [kanstrAkt] plant [plasnt]
conveyor [kanveiar] process [prases]
defect [difekt] produce [pradju:s]
device [divais] productivity [prbudAktivati]
equipment [ikwlpmant] prototype [proutataip]
facilitate [fasfliteit] quality [kwdlati]
facilities [fasllatiz] quantity [kwaxxtati]
fully-equipped renovate [renaveit]
inspection [inspekjan] resources [rl:so:rsiz]
instrument [instramant] shift [Jift]
machinery [majmari] standardize [strondardaiz]
maintenance [meintanans] unit [ju:nit]
malfunction [mselfAgk/an] update [Apdeit]
manufacture [msenjufisekt/ar] upgrade [Apgreid]
maximize [ma;ksamaiz] yield [ji:ld]
mechanical [makaenikal]
® At the airport
aircraft [erkreeft] flight attendant
airfare [erfer] go through customs
airsickness [ersiknis] immigration [inaagreijan]
aisle seat jet lag
aviation [eivieijan] land [land]
baggage [baegidg] local time
boarding pass luggage [lAgidj]
departure [dipd:rtj9r] renew [rin/u:]
destination [destaneifcn] stand-by
duties [dju:tiz] take off
duty-free shop visa [vl:za]
emergency [imsrrdÿaiisi] window seat
ono Tocir www nhantrivipf.rom

HACKERS PRACTICE
Reading Practice
01 [ÿÿMSB—
Q. What is the purpose of this notice?

(A) To recruit evaluators for a writing contest
(B) To bring in more participants for the contest
(C) To promote the student council
02
Q. How will the adjustments be indicated?

(A) They will be explained to the patron upon pick-up.
(B) They will be printed on the receipt.
(C) They will be listed on the clothes.
03
Q. What are employees required to do when they are signaled?

(A) Turn out the lights
(B) Delete suspect files
(C) Shut down their computers
-•
Answers: p. 558
WWW.nhantriviet.com Chapter 08 Notices & Announcements - 399

H A C K t R S ! t S 1 :
ANDERTON BIO-RESEARCH GROUP

SAFETY NOTICE
Those employees working in Anderton Bio-Research laboratories or biological

research facilities are required to follow government and corporate safety
precautions. All laboratory staff must wear appropriate clothing and use the
necessary safety equipment at all times. Approved lab coats, safety glasses
and protective gloves must be worn by anyone entering these areas. Additional
sai'elN clot hi ug such as chemicai protective suits or protective aprons mn\
he provided !or Research and ! aboratorv Department These regulations also
applv !o all approved visitors entering the laboratories or research an-as. These
regulations are for v our o\v p. protection and also lo avoid outside coniaminai ion.
Also, please be aware of emergency kits located throughout the fae' lilies in
case of an accident or other emergency. Weeklv safelv nolites will he posted on
the bulletin boards above every safety kit throughout Ilie building, I'lease lake
a moment to look through our guidelines and regulations to make sure you are
up to date on all safety practices and procedures.
01 What protective gear is NOT required for all 02 How often will safety notices be posted?
employees? (A) Once a day
(A) Lab coats (B) Once a week
(B) Safety glasses (C) Once a month
(C) Protective gloves (D) Once a year
(D) Chemical protective suits
400 Harkpc; TOPIC RpaHirin www.nhantrivipt.rnm

WCC Film Industry Conference

The World Chamber of Commerce (WCC) will hold its fifth annual film industry conference
in Cannes on April 20-21 . The conference will address such issues as film distribution, new
technology and copyright infringement. The event will provide an excellent opportunity for
film producers and executives to meet and discuss several problems facing the industry.
The conference will be held at the Cannes Convention Center in France. The conference will
begin on Saturday with an open discussion led by representatives of the WCC. Following the
discussion, there will be a presentation from Justin Dielberg, a film director and producer
in Hollywood, California, USA. He will discuss some of the dangers the film industry faces
today, and his predictions for the film industry of the future.
Several workshops are planned for the second day of the conference, hosted by Australia's
Gemstone Studios. The conference will close with a speech from Gemstone Studios' presi¬
>
dent, Cody Allen. Following the conference, attendees are invited to attend an evening ban¬ O
Z
C\
quet at the convention center in the Diamante Hall.
cs>
zd'
Those interested in attending the conference should send an e-mail to ripleyscott@wcc .org .
<n
O)
to
03 For whom is this announcement most likely 05 What will take place on the first day of the
intended? conference?
(A) Actors (A) A workshop
(B) Movie producers (B) A dinner
(C) Film distributors (C) A film presentation
(D) Directors (D) A discussion
Where will the conference be held? 06 On what day will Cody Allen give his talk?
(A) In the United States (A) Friday
(B) In France (B) Saturday
(C) In Australia (C) Sunday
(D) In England (D) Monday
Answers: p, 558
www.nhantriviet.com Chapter 08 Notices & Announcements - 401

In Part 7, reading passages may be in the form of articles and reports. These passages cover
a wide range of topics, such as environmental protection, energy conservation, businesses,
etc, About two passages of these types are found in Part 7 of a TOEIC test. Noticeably, most of
these passages are rather long and contain unfamiliar vocabulary. Examinees may find these
types of reading passages a bit challenging.

Typical Questions
What does the article mainly discuss?
What is the main purpose of the article?
According to the article, what is a worker's right?
What is NOT stated about Mr. Walter?
What is suggested about the hotel?
Useful Tips
1. Generally, the topic or purpose of the article or report is found at the beginning of the passage
and the supporting details follow. Both overview and detail questions are equally asked.
2. You should familiarize yourself with common vocabulary and expressions which are often found in
articles and reports by carefully learning them in this book.
Topic
Details
Q: What is the purpose of this article?

A: To declare an upcoming move
/I AT LJ s-lss\s'e- T r\ C )f~ D -a /*l » »•ÿ»/"< www nhantrivipt.com

Common Expressions and Vocabulary in Articles and Reports
Common Expressions in Articles and Reports

(Somebody / Organization) announced that -
FB Network Associates announced today that it has signed an agreement with Data Technologies to
develop network applications.
(Somebody / Organization) point out that ~

Economists point out that the declining value of the dollar is helping exporters sell their goods in over¬
seas markets.
Common Vocabulary in Articles and Reports

O General business
adverse [sedva:rs] monetary [mdniteri]
bankrupt [bsjgkrApt] monopoly [mandpali]
boom [bu:m] prosperity lprasperot.il
boost [bu:st] recession [rise/an]
capital [ksepitel] remit [rimit]
circulation [sairkjaleifan] sluggish [slAgif] >
s
currency [ka:ransi] soar [so:r] cr>
downturn [dauntarrn] speculation [spekjaleijaii]
flourish [fla:rif] stagnation [staegneifan] co_
CO
T3
fluctuate [flAktfueit] stimulate [stimjaleit] 03
CO
CO
inflation [inflei/an] surge [sa.-rdj]

market research tax exemption
market share tax-deductible
marketability [ma:rkitabllati] thrifty [Qrifti]
merge
@ Corporate businesses
accounting [akauntiijl finance [finaens]

analysis [anselisis] fiscal year
analyst [genalist] liability [laiabilati]
assets [aesets] overhead [duvarhed]
audit [5:dit] portfolio [pairtfouliou]
budget [bAdjit] profitability iprdfitabllatij
dividend [dividend] revenue [revan/u:]
downsize [daunsaiz] set up a business
earnings [a:rnigz] strategy [str<etid3i|
www.nhantriviet.com Chapter 09 Articles & Reports - 403

f§ Profits & Losses
be in the black income [mkAm]

be in the red loss [b:s]
benefit [benafit] lucrative [lurkrativ]
cost [ko:st] margin [mdrrdjin]
damage [daemidj] net profit
deficit [defisit] profit [profit]
expenditure [ikspenditjar] profitable [prdfitabl]
expense [ikspens] surcharge [sa:rtja:rd3]
gross [grous] surplus [sa:rpks]
gross income
# Environment
acid rain hazardous [heezardas]
coal [koul] humidity [hju:midati]
conserve [kansa:rv] mine [main]
contamination [kantaemaneijan] natural resources
crude [kru:d] ozone layer
disposal [dispouzal] purify [pjuarafai]
ecology [ikdlad5i] recycle [ri:saikl]
endangered [indeindjard] timber [txmbar]
environment [invaiaranmant] wildlife [waildlaif]
habitat [hsebittet]
Health & Medicine

allergy [selardji] nutrition [nju:tnfan]
antibiotic [sentaibaititik] prescription [priskrip/an]
diagnosis [daiagnousis] symptom [slmptam]
fatigue [fati:g] vaccination [vajksaneifan]
medication [medikei/an]
<§ Administration & Politics
authorize [5:6araiz] federal [federal]

bureau [bjuarou] legislation jledjisleifan]
consulate [kans/alit] mandatory [msendatorri]
diplomat [dlplamast] municipal [mju:msapal]
election [ilek/an] provision [pravijan]
embassy [embasi] summit [sAmit]
enactment [inaektmant] violation [vaialeijan]

HACKERS PRACTICE
Reading Practice
01
IBIlilSltSl
1
Q. What obstacle do many first-time home buyers face?
(A) Finding affordable housing
(B) Paying for rent and a mortgage at the same time
(C) Getting approved for a loan
02
Q. What is likely to happen to Thailand's chicken industry? 8

CO
CO
(A) It will derail Thailand's booming economy.

(B) It will suffer more losses.
(C) It will stay at a standstill.
Q. Why is Black and White Furniture Factory shutting down?

(A) It cannot compete with other furniture factories.
(B) It no longer provides a main work source for residents.
(C) The factory is old and broken down.
Answers: p. 558

HACKERS TEST - Time limit: 7 minutes
Questions 01-03 refer to the following press release.
PRESS RELEASE
Pacific City Opens New Subway System
Nov. 28: The Pacific City Department of Transportation is pleased to announce the opening
of the city's first subway line which will begin full service starting on Friday, Nov. 30.
After eight years of construction, the subway system will provide transportation from the
city's north end, all the way down to the docklands on the south shore. The current line in¬
cludes 24 stations, with an additional 8 stations scheduled to open in July of next year. The
central station, Kinghorn Place, is located in the heart of the city. It includes links to regional
trains, an underground shopping arcade and a food court. The opening of the new system
was originally scheduled for last year, but labor strikes delayed the construction for nearly
ten months.
The department of transportation says the new system has the capacity of moving nearly half
a million passengers per day. Fares for the subway will be very affordable, ranging from $1-
$2.75.
01 What is the main topic of the press release? 03 Why was the construction delayed?
(A) The renovation of city facilities (A) The electrical system wasn't operational.
(B) A new transportation system (B) There was a lack of funds for completion.
(C) A building expansion (C) Some of the equipment broke down.
(D) A shopping facility (D) There were workers' strikes.
02 What is NOT included at the central station?

(A) A shopping center
(B) Restaurants
(C) Train connections
(D) A bus terminal
ACiA Warlrorc TAFif Roarlinrt www.nhantriviet.com

©
Hong Kong-based Titan Industries, the world's Recent advertisements called for applications
second largest shipbuilding company, started from certified welders, draftsmen and electrical
production at their newest shipbuilding facil¬ engineerÿ. flic eompanv will prov ide in-house
ity in southern Malaysia last year. The com¬ training, a relocation allowance, a generous
pany lias been advertising hundred?, of new job benefits package and competitive salaries. !'u-
openings bin according 10 Marina Ona>sis. gineers are partieularK sought alier. with add¬
( TO of ! iian Industries ii is prov ing difficult itional benefits including a living allowance
\o i iud iiie neccssaiv vv ork lorce needed loi'ilic and the highest levels of pa\ eonipen.sai ion.
new hi';iiic!i. "We are currently oui\ operating However, Onassis leels that the problem is
Hi ÿ!<) peivcni oi" Ilie factluv's lull capacity." oni\ iemnorarv one. "We ieei coiifidcni dial
( inassi.s reported. Siie further explained ilia; ihe shipbuilding plant will be functioning at
i iian has io look lor skilled workers oulside "'() percent of iis capacitv by the end of the
of Ilie nation. "Because of ils proximity 10 second quaner. i he responses to our job ad¬
Singapore, one of the world's niaior shipping vertisements have been incredible, and our
ports. we w ere expecting a larger number of workforce is growing larger on a dailv basis.
—
shipbuilding workers in ilie area. It i- >n i'pr;.-
in Li lhal lliere is a slioi'tanc."
We hope to. have a full staff verv soon."
04 What did Titan Industries do last year? 06 Which workers might receive the highest
(A) Developed a new type of ship salary at the Titan shipbuilding facility?
(B) Opened a plant in Malaysia (A) Welders
(C) Moved their headquarters to Hong Kong (B) Captains
(D) Announced the appointment of a CEO (C) Draftsmen
(D) Engineers
05 What surprised Marina Onassis about the
region? 07 What does Ms. Onassis suggest about the job
(A) The cost of raw materials advertisements?
(B) The condition of local ports (A) They were expensive to put in newspapers.
(C) The lack of available workers (B) They have attracted a number of applicants.
(D) The high standard of living (C) They were posted on the company website.
(D) They included job descriptions.
Answers: p. 559

Chapter 1 0
Memorandums
In Part 7, reading passages may be in the form of a memorandum which is a piece of corres¬
pondence sent between employers and / or employees within a company or among companies
to inform of a changed venue, a new decision, a request, a staff transfer, etc. Initially, the term
"memorandum" was used, but by the 1920s when the internal documents were already widely
spread, it was shortened to "memo". Memos are less formal than letters and may have their
own format. Specifically, there are a heading and a body; no salutation, complimentary closing,
and formal signature are included in memos. On average, a passage of this type is given in Part
7 of each TOEIC test.

Typical Questions
What is the purpose of this memo?
What are employees asked to do?
Where will the meeting take place?
What problem is mentioned in the memo?
What will the winner of the contest receive?
Useful Tips
1. You should familiarize yourself with the format of a memo. On the top left, you will see the recipi¬
ent's name, sender's name, and Subject: or Re: which states the main topic or purpose of the
memo. Looking at the Subject: or Re:, you can easily predict the content of the memo.
2. You can also learn the expressions and vocabulary often found in memos in this book to facilitate
your reading skill.
Topic
Details
Q: Why was this memo written?

A: To inform employees of a change in procedure
408 - Hackers TOFIC Rpadina www.nhanfrivipt.rom

Common Expressions and Vocabulary in Memos
Common Expressions in Memos

Purpose of the memo
I am sending this memo out to somebody + to-infinitive
I am sending this memo out to all seminar participants to remind you of the change in schedule for
tomorrow's presentations.
We regret to inform you that ~

We regret to inform you that your account has been suspended pending payment of all outstanding
debts.
Common Vocabulary in Memos

O Human resources
allocate [selakeit] profile [proufailj
appoint |ap5int] promote [pramout]
appraisal [apreizal] qualified [kwdlafaid]
aptitude [a§ptitju:d] quit [kwit]
curtail [ka:rteil] relocate [ridoukeit]
cut back replacement [ripleismant]
O
dismiss [dismis] resign [rizain]
CO
dispatch [dispaetj] resignation [rezignei/an] <Q
03
field [fi:ld] retirement [ritaiarmant]
fire [faiar] training session J
CO
CD
get a promotion transferred [transfa:rd]

incumbent [inkAmbantl turnover [ta:rnouvar]
layoff [leio:f]
® Management
advise [advaiz] managerial [mifenidjiariall
alter [o:ltar] proper [proper]
appropriate [aprouprieit] relevant [relavant]
assign [asain] review [rivju:]
o
consult [kansAlt] streamline [strl:mlain]
demanding [dimaendig] supervise [sju:parvaiz]
head [hed] time-consuming
manage [msenidj]
www.nhantriviet.com Chapter 10 Memorandums - 409

. „ '* ..*•»'/' .,J1'
-s'Vi'i
$
«V3 «.ÿ*,%* "Sj"*.' J*' »ÿ"%,»* J*.
*
Enterprises
affiliate [affiieitj expansion [ikspsenfsn]

branch [braentf] firm [fa:rm]
colleague [kdlirg] head office
company [kAinpani] headquarters [hedkwd:rtarz]
competitor [kampetitar] Inc. (Incorporated)
conglomerate ikanglrimareit] Ltd. (Limited)
corporation [kaÿpareifan] merge [mairdj]
division [dmjan] parent company
enterprise [enterpraiz] subsidiary company
Q Titles/ Positions
administrative [admlnistreitiv] executive [igzekjutiv]
administrative assistant immediate supervisor
assistant [asfstant] manager [meenidjar]
associate jasoujieit] managerial position
CEO (Chief Executive Officer) ownership [ounarjlp]
chairman [t/erman] position [pazl/an]
consultant [kansAltant] representative [reprizentativ]
coordinator [kouo:rdaneitarl senior [si:ajar]
deputy [depjuti] staff [stsef]
director [direktar] supervisor [sju:parvaizar]
employee [impldii:] trainee [treim:]
employer [imploiar] vice president
entrepreneur [a:ntraprana:r]
# Departments
accounting department overseas division
board of directors payroll department
consumer affairs department personnel department
engineering department public relations department
head office sales department
human resources department shipping department
marketing department
410 Hackers TOEIC Readina www.nhantriviet.com

HACKERS PRACTICE
Reading Practice

(A) To congratulate a recently hired manager
(B) To report an increase in sales
(C) To report the resignation of a supervisor
02
Q. What is going to occur soon?

(A) Staff will be using temporary offices.
(B) The main entrance will be closed for repairs,
(C) The company will be shut down temporarily.
03 II# 1?
ese m

(A) To ask for volunteers to work overtime
(B) To inform staff of maintenance activities
(C) To remind staff members of workload
Answers: p. 559

HACKERS TbST ( "7 Time limit: 5 minutes
i!
Date: Nov. 8
S| To: Warehouse Personnel
From: Meredith Glover. Supervisor
Subject: Preparation for Winter Season
We are expecting orders for our products to poak this coming holiday season. Demand has al¬
ready increased by 10 percent in the first week of November. However, we are not. at this time,
planning to hire new packers and other warehouse personnel for the season. Therefore, we would
iike to announce that it will be necossary for all warehouse personnel to increase their work hour
load beginning November 11 until the firsi week of January. An additional break will be provided II
during the shift. Each warehouse staff must increase his total weekly workload by 12 hours. ||
Management is asking that employees who work the morning shift turn in their schedule requests
to their supervisors. Those who work the afternoon shift must pick from the hours available on the
bulletin board in, the main office. Graveyard workers are expected to meet with their department
heads individually to arrange their shifts.
, As usual, extra work will be remunerated with overtime wages, compensatory time off. or free
products. Previously, we offered grocery coupon books, but that option has been discontinued.
01 What is the purpose of the memo? 02 What will NOT be offered to employees who
(A) To report new company hiring policies work overtime?
(B) To explain a benefits package change (A) Overtime pay
(C) To inform staff members of warehouse (B) Coupon books
renovations (C) Free merchandise
(D) To announce a temporary change of (D) Time off
work schedule

Questions 03-05 refer to the following memo
To: Employees of Anderson Furniture

From: Richard K. Norse, Director of Building Security
Date: April 15
Re: Seen rit v System
Sit SSI
Please be aware that beginning Thursday next week the security system for this building is
going to be replaced. Instead of the code-accessible doors currently in place, there will be
audiovisual monitors and armed personnel present at every entryway. This change is taking
place due to the fact that a few employees have given their codes to persons not authorized
to be in this building. We feel that using maximum security measures will benefit both the
corporation and the staff.
According to our new policy, all employees must display their ID badges on their shirt
pockets or around their necks at all times. Starting Thursday, anyone without proper iden¬
tification will not be allowed into the premises. Guests will be ushered to the front informa
tion desk to fill out a visitor's application and will be issued a temporary ID before entering £
secure areas of the building. If you forget your pass, you will have to be screened by the front 2
office before being allowed into your workplace. -
£G
(Q
In the case that you don't yet have your ID, stop down in the records department in the $"
basement floor. Bring a passport size photograph and your social security card, as well as |
03
a signed copy of your employment contract. These documents will be retained for two days ÿ§
while your badge is being processed, and the identification card will be valid for one year as
of the issue date. You will also find a copy of this information in the weekly agenda in your
mailboxes. Thank you for your cooperation.
03 Why is the security system being changed? 05 How long will it take for an ID card to be
(A) Identification cards have been frequently lost. issued?
(B) The code-accessible doors have (A) One day |
malfunctioned. (B) Two days ÿ
(C) Some people had unapproved access to the (C) Six days £
building. (D) Seven days
QJ
(D) Employees have complained about theft. a.
3
04 What happens if employees don't wear the ID?

(A) They will be investigated before entering the
building.
(B) They will have to be issued a temporary ID.
(C) They will have to fill out a visitor's application.
(D) They will be detained by security.
Answers: p. 559

Chapter 11
Informatio
In Part 7, reading passages may be in the form of a piece of information which covers a wide
range of topics in daily life, such as instructions for a product, directions on use of a piece of
equipment, etc. On average, one passage of this type is given in Part 7 of a TOEIC test.

Typical Questions
Where would this information most likely be found?
For whom is this document intended?
What is stated about training courses?
What is NOT available at the ticket office?
According to the information, what are membership owners instructed to do?
Useful Tips
You have to infer the setting where the piece of information is given. Also, details of the targeted
audience and specific content should be read carefully. Importantly, the audience and the setting
are generally not clearly stated. You, hence, need to read every detail so as to be able to select the
correct answers.
Introduction
Instructions
Warning
Q: Whom is this document intended for?

A: Purchasers of the Cellular Microphone
A1A _ W \m\ai\m nhantrivipt mm

mm
O Transportation
bypass [baipses] public transportation
car maintenance pull over
commute [kamju:t] route [ru:t]
fare [fear] shortcut [j5:rtkAt]
fuel [fju:al] shuttle [JM]
highway [haiwei] sidewalk [saidw5:k]
intersection [intarsekjan] toll [toul]
launch [b:nt/J traffic congestion
limousine [limazi:n] traffic jam
mechanic [makaenik] transfer [trsensfa:r]
passenger [paesandjar] vehicle [vi:ikl]
pedestrian [pedestrian] vessel [vesal]
@ Tourism
accommodation [akamadeijan] inn [in]

book [buk] itinerary [aitinareri]
cancellation [ksensaleijan] lodge [ladj]
car rental long-distance call
check-in make a reservation
checkout [t/ekaut] reserve [riza:rv] CO
CO
collect call scenery [si:nari] CD
confirmation [kanfarmeijan] telephone directory

courtesy [ka:rtisi] valid [vselid]
@ Leisure
admission [aedmijan] film [film]

amusement park guided tour
attendance [atendans] membership [membarfip]
concert [kdnsart] museum [mju:zi:am]
display [displei] performance [parf'5:rmans|
exhibition [eksabifan] remains [rimeinz]
festival [festaval] souvenir [su.'vanlar]
www.nhantriviet.com Chapter 11 Information - 415

0 Restaurants
appetizer [gepataizar] recipe [resapi:]
bill [bil] refreshments [rifrejmants]
cafeteria [ksefatlaria] serving [sa:rvig]
chef [Jef] vegetarian [vedjatearian]
cuisine [kwizx:n] voucher [vautfar]
franchise [fraenijaiz]
@ Products
brand-new lasting [lsestig]

built-in permanent [pa:rmanant]
convenient [kanvi:njant] portable [po:rtabl]
cost-effective reliable [rilaiabl]
durable [djuarabl] state-of-the-art
enduring [ind/uarig] transparent [traenspearant]
fragile [fraedjal] user-friendly
fuel-efficient waterproof [w5:tarpru:f]
@ Customer service
authorized [5:0araizd| instructions [instrAk/anz]

claim [kleim] label [leibal]
compensation [kampanseifan] manual [msenjual]
complaint [kampleint] patron [peitran]
customer service questionnaire [kwestjanear]
customized [kAstamaizd] recall [riko:l]
description [diskripjan] refund [rifAnd]
expiration date repair [ripearl
guarantee [gseranti:] setup [setAp]
inconvenience [inkanv!:njans] warranty [wo:ranti]
O Weather forecast
blizzard [bllzard] rainfall [reinfo:!]
climate [klaimit] shower [Jauar]
drought [drautj storm [sto:rm]
flood [fkd] temperature [temparat/ar]
hail [heil] torrential [to:renJal]
inclement (inklemantl weather [weSar]
overflow [oxivarflou] weather forecast
precipitation [prisipateijanj

HACKERS PRACTICE
Reading Practice
01
Q. When should medicine takers stop taking Anti-Cough?

(A) When they have a stomachache
(B) When they develop rashes
(C) When they feel dizzy -
02
>
1
O
er>
<o
CD
Q. What is this information about?

(A) A recall notice for an automobile
(B) A user warning for a Duroe model
(C) A recent accident report
03
Q. What is NOT required to get a credit card?

(A) Personal identification
(B) Bank account number
(C) Proof of residence
Answers: p. 559

, ÿ
FLAT PANEL SCREEN

Thank you for purchasing a Glaremaster Flat Panel Monitor! We're
sure you'll be very satisfied with our products. Working on the com¬
puter all day can take its toll on your eyes. The Glaremaster screen
filter helps relieve eyestrain by eliminating 99.9 percent of the glare
coming from your computer monitor. And it does so without chang¬
ing colors or brightness. The image is always true, never distorted.
Your flat panel monitor offers other advantages over older computer monitors. The
Glaremaster takes 20 percent less power to run than other commercial brands and
emits significantly less radiation and emissions than competing brands. It is also space-
efficient, as its small size requires less desk area to hold it. However, this doesn't mean
it lacks in viewing area, as its LCD monitor is larger than all other monitors of its caliber.
On the back of the monitor are the connections with which to plug your new screen into
the computer. Be sure to use the appropriate connector and to insert it into the portal
marked with a circle. Remember to never touch the screen with water or any other
fluid, as it may distort the picture. If you experience any difficulties, contact one of our
technical support staff at the number listed below.
01 Where would this information most likely be 02 What is NOT mentioned as an advantage of
found? the flat panel monitor?
(A) In a consumer magazine review (A) It does not use as much electricity.
(B) In an electronics shop (B) It causes less eye fatigue.
(C) On a product package (C) It includes a larger display.
(D) In a newspaper advertisement (D) It has more connections than other
monitors.
A 10 Hir-barc TAPlf" Qorsriinn www nhanfrivipf mm

A V A 1 1. A 13 1. 1: P A It l( I N 0 .v. f
Due lo an increase in ihe number of people needing \ cliiclc parking during business hours. she
building's pri\ate lol has been rcno\ alcd for public use. 1'iie underground parking area now has
four lc\ els ( \. li. C . and D) open in both workers of this building and ihe genera! public, iaJi
level can accommodate up 10 fifty cars. while parking on le\cl is iimhed in ihose \\!n> ha\c a
rnonthW concession canl. which ciMs MOO. ' 'oncession cards are .uailable onh for employees
working in this hnjidmo'
Full fare: Concession:

i :|- lo an hour: S.7.00 l p hour: Si.DO
lo an
i aeli additional .>() minutes: Si.Oii l-.ach additional .ÿ0 minutes: SO 5

A da\ in business hours: .\ da> in business hours: S !
A w eck in business davs: Sl..t) A week in business days: S80 >
O
A nionili: S4.sC1 A month: S."?00
C\
"'lease nou K'.l all custoiners must lake a lickcl upon entering ihc facility. ll'lhe p:irk iiiLi receipt
is ii-it \ is ib I\ attached lo the windshield of the \ chicle, ihe \ ch ic 1c will be charged double the
rale of ihe fee. Il'vou are a concession holder. >on must attach the concession slicker on the
u irulow . if a vehicle parked in ihe !Vser\ed area does noi show the certificate properly, it will be
regarded as unauthorized parking and will be lowed away at the owner's expense. For informa¬
tion or more details, contact your department supervisor.
03 How much do visitors have to pay to park for 05 What will happen to a car parked without a
one day? permit in the reserved area?
(A) $1.00 (A) The owner will be charged a fine.
(B) $2.00 (B) The car will be transferred to a different
(C) $18.00 level.
(D) $25.00 (C) The owner will be charged twice the
original rate.
04 Which level is reserved for concession card (D) The vehicle will be removed from the
holders? parking spot.
(A) A
(B) B
(C)C
(D)D
Answers: p. 559

In Part 7, reading passages may be in the form of written materials which consist of discon¬
nected words and / or numbers instead of that of standard paragraph style and may not employ
complete sentences. These materials include invoices, resumes, schedules, telephone mes¬
sages, coupons, etc, Non-prose readings are so common that three of them may be given in
Part 7 of each TOEIC test.

Typical Questions
What is the purpose of this document?
What is being requested in the message?
What is NOT true about the coupon?
How many folders were ordered?
Useful Tips
You should familiarize yourself with the format of each type of non-prose readings.
Invoices are bills buyers receive after paying for a purchase. The invoice shows the items which have
recently been bought, the total amount of money paid, the method of payment, etc.
For a resume, you should note that personal experiences are often listed in the reverse time order,
that is, the most recent experience is listed first, then come the previous experiences.
For a telephone message, three persons involved are often found: caller (From: hearer (Taken
by: ...), message receiver (To: ...). These three items easily cause confusion for examinees. You,
therefore, should pay special attention to the details of this kind.
Sender
Payer
BSflnSmBra
20 piece Bic pens 111111! $3.50 $17.50
A4 computer paper 20 $47.00 Product & Price
Sub-Total $64.50
Sales Tax $6.50
Total Balance Due $71 .00 Amount paid
Person paid
Q: Who has to pay for the office supplies?

A: The Madison Law Firm

Common Vocabulary in Non-Prose Readings
O Schedule
agenda [addenda] notification [noutafakeijan]
call off registration [redjistrei/an]
cancellation [keensaleijan] schedule [skedju:!]
conference [kdnferans] seminar jsemand:r]
convention [kanvenfan] speech [spi:tjl
enroll [inroul] tentative schedule
make arrangements workshop [waxkfdp]
meeting [mfctig]
@ Events
annual [senjual] fundraising [fAndreizig]

association [asousieijan] invitation [mvitei/an]
attendance [atendans] keynote address
auditorium [5:dit5:riam] nominate [ndmaneit]
banquet [baeqkwit] participant [pccrtisapant]
charity [tjaerati] preside over a meeting
committee [kamiti] representative [reprizentativ]
contribute [kantribju:t] session [sefan]
donate [douneit] turnout [ta:rnaut]
exhibit [igzibit] voluntary [valanteri]
foundation [faimdeifan]
© Social matters
arbitration [a:rbitreijan] infringement [infriridjmant]
boycott [b5ikat| litigation [litageifan]
commit [kamft] obliged [ablaidjd]
controversial [kdntrava:rjbl] ordinance [6:rdanans]
copyright [kdpirait] patent [psetnt]
counterfeit [kauntarfitj plaintiff [pleintif]
custody [kAstadi] press conference
detention [ditenjan] prosecutor [prdsikju:tar]
forfeit [f5:rfit] provision [previjan]
forgery [fSirdjari] punishment [pAnifmant]
fraud [fro:d] settlement [setlmant]
illegal [ili:gal] strike [straik]
indict [indait] violation [vaialeifan]
www.n ha ntriviet.com Chapter 12 Non-Prose Readings - 421

O Debate
accommodate [akdmadeit] discuss [diskAs]
approve [apni:vj negotiate [nigoujieit]
argument [dirgjumant] object to
assert [asa:rt] opposition [apazifan]
brainstorming [breinsth:rmiq] persuade [parsweid]
briefing [bri;fig] presentation [prkzanteifan]
clash [klsef] proponent [prapounant]
concede [kans!:d] proposal [prapouzal]
consent [kansexit] refuse [rifjti:zj
deadlock [dedlak] unanimous [ju:nsenamas]
debate [dibeit] withstand [wiOstaend]
disapprove [disapru:v]
# Telephoning
answer the phone leave a message
contact [kanteekt] pick up the phone
disconnect [diskanekt] return one's call
extension [ikstenjan] take a message
give a call voicemail [vdismeil]
hang up
@ Broadcast & Publishing

archive [d:rkaiv] issue [iju:]
authorship [5:0arfip] newsletter [n/u:zletar]
biography [baiagrafi] periodical [piariddikal]
biweekly [baiwi :kliI press [pres]
broadcast [bro:dkgest] publication [pAblakei/an]
censorship [sensarfip] quarterly [kw5:rtarii]
commercial [kama:rfal] release [ril!:s]
coverage [kAvaridj] satellite [ssetalait]
edition [idi/an] subscription [sabskn'pjan!
exclusive [ikskM:siv]
Private life
apologize japdladjaizl favorable [feivorobl]
apparel lapaeralj household [hausMuld]
appreciate [apri:jleit] personal belongings
attire [ataiar] preferable [prefarabl]
complimentary [kdmplamentari] reluctant [rilAktant]
dietary [daiateri] utility [ju:txlati]
disappointed [disapointid]
422 - Hackers TOEIC Readina www.riharitriviet.com

HACKERS PRACTICE
Reading Practice
01
Q. Who will give a lecture on the extent of insurance protection?

(A) James Gimbel
(B) Michael Shapiro
(C) Ted Lee
02
Q. What was the reason for the phone call?

(A) Need for an urgent lunch meeting
(B) Missing tax reports that need to be filed
(C) Concerns over an old report
03
Aquitania 80° chlorine removed 6 months

j S69
(Product shipped fully plumbed)
80°o chlor:ne removed
Wcllors 4 months S249
Dual, high flow system (Water pressure cart be ieduced)
Paradise 50% chlorinc removed 3.5 months S59

{Customers preferred model for 2006. 2007)
Q. What product is best for adjusting the force of the water?

(A) Aquitania
(B) Wellers
(C) Paradise
Answers: p. 559
www.nhantriviet.com Chapter 12 Non-Prose Readings - 423

ri A U K t H -h : L S T Time limit: 2 minutes
Questions 01-03 refer to the following document.
ir—
Silicon Computer Supplies

750 Melrose Avenue, San Francisco, CA !
Any damage to goods in transit, or shortages, must be notified to the carriers

immediately ana co the company within 24 hours or receipt in writing hv e-mail or
fax. Refunds and/or product repfacemerits, as guaranteed in ou? warranty, will be
sent within one week of notification. Questions or complaints may also be posted
online at www.scs.org, or made:by phone at 1-800-5J5-SSy , : . :
'
01 Why was this document written? 03 How much is one box of 3.5' disks?
(A) To apologize for sending damaged goods (A) $3.92
(B) To explain the shipping options available (B) $4.02
(C) To notify a customer of price changes (C) $4.85
(D) To provide an invoice for products (D) $40.20
delivered
02 What is NOT mentioned as a way to report

delivery problems?
(A) Send a memo by fax
(B) Visit the company's headquarters
(C) Speak to a customer representative
(D) Write an e-mail
424 - Hackers TOEIC Rpadino www.nhanf riviet.com

I
Questions 04-05 refer to the following coupon.
04 What is suggested about Evigans Family 05 What is NOT offered for free?
Restaurant? ÿ A) Apple pi© >
O
(A) It is open every day.

(B) It has a large dinner menu. (C) Cheesecake
(C) It has more than one location. (D) Soft drinks
(D) It is not expensive. -Q
C/i
C/3
CO
CQ
CD
Answers: p. 559
www.nhantriviet.com Chapter 12 Non-Prose Readings - 425

\mM\M nhantrivipf mm
\J \ %. s 1 i
Double Passages
Chapter 13 - E-mail/Letter- Related Readings
Chapter 14 - Advertisement-Related Readings
Chapter 15 - Announcement-Related Readings
Chapter 16 - Article-Related Readings
Chapter 17 - Non-Prose-Related Readings
E-mail/Letter-Related Readings
I
In Part 7, there are also four sets of two related passages which are called double passages.
For e-mail /letter-related readings, the first is an e-mail or a letter; the second is possibly an¬
other e-mail /letter or an invoice, announcement, etc. which is related or responds in some way
to the first one.
Typical Passages and Useful Tips

Typical Passages
E-mail & E-mail: An e-mail requests for a change in a meeting schedule and an e-mail
responds to that request.
E-mail & Order: An e-mail from a customer is sent to a household appliance company and an
order lists the items wanted.
E-mail & Announcement: An e-mail invites somebody to a conference and an announcement states the
date, venue, events, and speakers.
Letter & E-mail: A letter sent from a company introduces a promotion or a job offer and an
e-mail accepts it.
Useful Tips
Step 1: Identify the key words in the questions to decide which reading you should first refer to. For
double passages which include e-mails and /or letters, the sender's and recipient's names
and the verbs in the questions are usually the key words. You can, then, look at the parts
From: ... and To: ... to quickly read the corresponding reading.
Step 2: Look for the first hint related to the key words in either of the readings, then look for the sec¬
ond hint in the other one and use them both in order to choose the correct answers.
Reading 1: E-mail
B8RSi I
Reading 2: E-mail
Q: For what amount does Ms. Blanca want to be refunded? A: $1 ,879.99
428 - Hackers TOEIC Readina www.nhanfriviet.rom

HACKERS PRACTIC
Reading Practice
°J ! Dear Ms, Kimmel,

02 ;
We at O'Brien Kitchen Supplies received your recent order (#skim338531) for the following items:
Your credit card will be charged for the purchase, and your order will be shipped within three business
days, if you have any questions, please contact us by e-mail at cservice@obrienkitchsupplies.net.
01 What is the main purpose of the letter? 02 What item does Ms. Kimmel want to order
(A) To promote new products more of? >
O
(B) To confirm order details (A) Spoons (7)
(C) To notify a customer of unavailable (B) Soup bowls

items (C) Dinner plates
03
04
Fifth Intercultural Office Management (IOM) Conference

June 9-1 1 , Temasek Hotel
The following is a list of events planned for the biannual IOM Conference this June. Those wishing to
attend the conference are urged to contact Delia Lee at dellee@iom.org.
03 What is the day of the event which Ms. 04 What is true about the events listed in the
Chen recommends to Mr. Chamroom? schedule?
(A) June 9 (A) Their times have changed.
(B) June 10 (B) They are hosted once a year.
(C)
v June 11 (C) They will be held at a hotel.
Answers: p. 559
www.nhantrivietCOm Chapter 13 E-mail / Letter-Related Readings - 429

a f~\ i/ r~~ n >0 a p" i /'ÿ' n
A U r\ r H D Shot ;Time limit: 9 minutes
Questions 01-05 refer to the following e-mails.
l-rom: Angela Lansburv lands@direcllravel.net>

ÿ
To: Aiuh Griffith <griffendor@cartwrightengineering.com>

Subject: C hange of flights
Ifinally managed to find some seats for the flight to Dubai to attend the manufacturing tech¬
nology convention. Persia Air is fully booked; however, there are three other options you can
choose from.
Arabia Air has the 20 seats we requested, but they are all economy seats. Iknow you wanted
to book 6 business class seats for the senior management. The flight leaves on Friday, April
9 and arrives on Saturday. So, you have a day and a half free before the convention begins on
Monday.
The second option is Middle Eastern Airlines. They can provide us with 6 business class seats
and 14 in economy class. They are cheaper than Arabia Air. but the problem is that there is no
direct flight. We will have a 6-hour stopover in Amsterdam, but the flight arrives on Saturday
night.
The last option is Aladdin Airways. The prices are less expensive than the other two, and they
can accommodate all our seat requirements. However, the flight arrives at 4 a.m. on Sunday,
so that doesn't give people much time to rest and prepare for the convention.
Anyway, please contact me right away because tickets are selling fast, so they need to be
booked as soon as possible.
From: Andy Griffith <griffendor@cartwrightengineering.com>

To: Angela Lansbury <lands(3>directtravel.net>
Subject: Flights
Thanks for your e-mail. I know it is not easy to find flights with the convention
only two weeks away. The executives will want business class seats, so we should
book our flights with the airline that arrives on Saturday night. I think we will all
need our rest after such a long trip, and they can provide the seats we need for a
reasonable price. Go ahead and book those tickets, and send me an itinerary when
it is done. Also, please make sure to request seats near the exit or window for
everyone's comfort.
Thanks a lot!
\hj\m\u nhantrh/iPt mm
01 Why is Ms, Lansbury contacting Mr. Griffith? 04 What airline does Mr. Griffith choose?
(A) To provide flight information (A) Persia Air
(B) To make hotel reservations (B) Middle Eastern Airlines
(C) To confirm convention attendance (C) Aladdin Airways
(D) To request personal information (D) Arabia Air
02 What is indicated about Aladdin Airways? 05 What is Mr. Griffith concerned about?
(A) It arrives on Saturday. (A) Finding a hotel with available rooms
(B) It is the least expensive. (B) Arranging transportation to the convention
(C) It has no business ciass seats available. center
(D) It does not provide direct routes to Dubai. (C) Arriving on time for the event
(D) Making sure the travelers are comfortable
03 What is indicated in the second e-mail?
(A) An itinerary has been sent.
(B) The flight is very long.
(C) The convention lasts for two weeks.
>
(D) A discount will be offered. U
o
o
cr
CD
www.nhantriviet.com Chapter 13 E-mail / Letter-Related Readings - 431

To: John Walton

From: Mary Allen, Mountain Promotions
Date: May 4
Subject: Meeting
Dear Mr. Walton,
Iknow we have a meeting scheduled for Friday, May 7 to discuss your advertising plans, but I am
afraid I will have to postpone the appointment. My team is currently working on a promotional cam- i
paign for Archetype Corp., and they want us to make a short presentation at that time. Could we meet i
on Monday, May 10 instead?
I am looking forward to meeting with you and going through some ideas for advertising your product. j
Also, if you could send me some details about what type of advertising campaign you are interested in, j
Icould come up with a few ideas before we meet.
Iapologize for this delay and hope to hear from you soon.
Sincerely,
Mary Allen
4.3? Mÿrkprc TOFif PpaHinn www nhÿnfrivipf mm

06 Why did Ms. Allen write the e-mail? 09 What did Mr. Walton send with his e-mail?
(A) To arrange a presentation (A) A copy of a contract
(B) To reschedule a meeting (B) Contact information
(C) To make changes to an advertising (C) Details about a product promotion
campaign (D) A sales report
(D) To request a price list
10 What does Mr. Walton ask Ms. Allen to do?
07 According to the first e-mail, what will Ms. (A) Send him a document
Allen do on Friday? (B) Telephone him
(A) Make a presentation (C) Cancel his appointment
(B) Meet with her director (D) Meet at his office
(C) Attend a seminar
(D) Travel out of town
08 When is Mr. Walton's medical appointment?

(A) May 9
>
(B) May 10 O
(C) May 11 C\
(D) May 12 o
©
so
CO
Answers: p. 559
www.nhantriviet.com Chapter 13 E-mail /Letter-Related Readings - 433

Advertisement-Related Readings
For advertisement-related readings, the first is an advertisement on a product /service /event

or a job advertisement; the second is possibly a non-prose reading, an article, an e-mail or a
letter which asks for more information about the advertised thing, or an e-mail or a letter apply¬
ing for the job,

Typical Passages
Advertisement & Non-Prose An advertisement advertises a product and a leaflet gives instructions
Reading: on how to use the product.
Advertisement & Article: An advertisement advertises a product and an article comments on the
product.
Advertisement & E-mail: An advertisement mentions an upcoming event and an e-mail requests
necessary materials for participants.
An advertisement mentions a job/position vacancy and an e-mail applies
for it.
Useful Tips
Step 1: Identify the key words in the questions to decide which reading you should first refer to.
Step 2: Look for the first hint related to the key words in either of the readings, then look for the
second hint in the other one and use them both in order to choose the correct answers.
Reading 1: Advertisement
Reading 2: E-mail
Q: What will Ms. Nicastro probably receive for free if she rents the hall? A: A stay at the hotel
did Harkprc TOFif RpÿHinn www.nhantriviet.corn

HACKERS PRACTICE
Reading Practice
01
interiingua Electronic Dictionary
02 - 20 different world languages! - A database of more than half a million words!
- A list of common phrases for world travelers! - An audio function to listen to pronunciation!
Interiingua electronic dictionaries are the number one seller on the market. Our newest model retails
for $129.99 and can be purchased at most electronics stores and travel shops. For further information,
visit our website at www.interlingua.net.
01 Where can the electronic dictionaries be 02 What model number is most likely being
purchased? advertised?
(A) At a website IA) IED45
>
O
(B) At bookstores (B) IED63
cn
(C) At travel shops (C) IED69
o
o
c
cr
03
GRAPHICS ARTIST WANTED: Harlequin Advertising
04 Harlequin Advertising is seeking an experienced graphics artist. Applicants must have a minimum of
three years of experience in graphics design and an applicable university degree. A strong knowledge of
the French language is also desirable. Duties will include development of print advertisements for Harle¬
quin's clients. Only candidates chosen for interviews will be contacted. To apply for the position, please
send your resume, cover letter and list of references to Arlene Sorkin at Arlsork@harlequinads.com.
03 What does Harlequin Advertising NOT ask 04 According to the e-mail, which qualification
applicants to send? for the job does Ms. Isley meet?
(A) A resume (A) Fluency in French
(B) A diploma (B) A relevant university degree
(C) A reference list (C) Experience in graphics design
Answers: p. 559
www.nhantriviet.com Chapter 14 Advertisement - Related Readings - 435

1 A C K L R 5 j E b T : :ÿ Time limit: 9 minutes
Royal Indian Cruise Lines Recruitment Fair

March 11, 9:00 a.m.-6:30 p.m.
Raj Hotel and Resort, Bengali Hall
Royal Indian Cruise Lines recently added three new ships to its fleet. We will be hosting a
recruitment fair to fill job openings created by this expansion. Our managers and directors will
be conducting on-site interviews for the following positions in our restaurant and food prepar¬
ation department:
- wait staff
- event planners
- head chefs
- assistant chefs
- kitchen staff
Royal Indian Cruise Lines offers all employees foil medical coverage, competitive salaries, paid
vacations and generous biannual bonuses. Applicants wishing serious consideration are request¬
ed to send us an application package including a resume, cover letter, current employment status
and a medical history report. Please send these documents to our main office in Mumbai by Feb¬
ruary 21.
Royal Indian Cruise Lines
Personnel Department
153 Besant Road
Shiva Building, Mumbai 400-0 IS
* Faxes or e-mails will not be accepted.
To: Indira Kurian <indkurian(a)ballyhoo.com>

From: Sanjeev Rao <sanrao(a>osn.org>
Subject: Recruitment Fair
Date: February 18
We received the application package you sent us, but unfortunately it is incomplete.
We received your resume, cover letter and current employment status. We will
require the additional documents before we can register you for our recruitment
fair and schedule an interview for you. Please send us this information as soon as
possible. Once we have received it, we will send you an e-mail with a list of avail¬
able times for interviews. I have attached a list of specific jobs with this e-mail for
you to go through and select which positions you might be interested in.
Thank you for your interest in Royal Indian Cruise Lines.
436 - Hackers TOEIC Readinq www.nharitriviet.com

01 What is being advertised? 04 What is Ms. Kurian asked to provide?
(A) A recruitment event (A) Medical information
(B) A cruise line (B) Insurance papers
(C) A trave! agency (C) An identification card
(D) A restaurant (D) A telephone number
02 What is NOT mentioned about Royal Indian 05 Why did Mr. Rao attach a list of available jobs?
Cruise Lines? (A) To assist Ms. Kurian in arranging her trip
(A) It is based in Mumbai. (B) To help Ms. Kurian select jobs to apply for
(B) It is hiring new managers. (C) To inform Ms. Kurian of pay rates
(C) It recently expanded its fleet. (D) To review Ms. Kurian's interview schedule
(D) It offers a bonus package.
03 In the advertisement, the word "consideration"

in paragraph 2, line 2 is closest in meaning to
(A) sensitivity
(B) mention
(C) notation
(D) attention

Questions 06-10 refer to the following advertisement and memo.
Buddha's Bunkum
45 Sunset Drive, :VW''
I > ts !1 1 I ill illc lli.-lnrir ;t H1 1 (jllii-l iVMilnii i;li ;|IV;I nl Sll llii\ i lair, i !ll<|i lli;i"- i>il i)ir;i low h.1)*-
ÿ:
(lining, iiml hr-h

-
till' i-i m Im i f I i o! Iimnr. rlnsr lo Iimur. uliil.- llir f: - i i rk ;iI» I r-'.T\ ici*. lint
n! \>i;i. \\ r n-r oni\ ! I n - hiiilif>l <|ii;ilil\ « irÿ.: i1 1i» i njin In -nl - . .ilmiu: ÿ
j ÿ
liiMci' |i>;us " I - W r'lv inking illiliU:- ;i -i«'p iilillisT will) mil' Hr\\ !);)ii\
ÿ
-
w 1 1 1 ! !l.i\nr» .nil! -pin--, i m 1 1 >< ti'U m j imiii llif !\;!-!. in s 'ii~i i i"i \iin :i i:i 1 r\lr;i\;ii;;iii/;i \mi I!
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438 Hackers TOEIC Readina WWW.nharitriviet.com

06 What is emphasized about the food in the 09 In the memo, the word "set" in paragraph 1,
restaurant? line 6 is closest in meaning to
(A) It is made hot and spicy. (A) solidify
(B) It is made in Thailand and flown in. (B) establish
(C) It is made by Asians. (C) gather
(D) It is made from naturally grown ingredients. (D) put
07 What does the critic say about the restaurant? 10 On what day does the restaurant require
(A) The decor imitates the Indian environment. four extra kitchen staff?
(B) Its menu is priced reasonably. (A) On Monday
(C) They offer a wide variety of lunch items. (B) On Tuesday
(D) The location is convenient. (C) On Thursday
(D) On Friday
08 What is the purpose of the memo?
(A) To describe the new lunch menu
(B) To ask for additional help during iunch hours TO
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(C) To inform employees of new operating hours E
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(D) To announce a new work schedule
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Answers; p. 559

Chapter 15
Announcement-Related Readings
For announcement-related readings, the first is an announcement; the second is possibly an

article, a non-prose reading, or an e-mail. Mostly, an e-mail responds to the announcement.

Typical Passages
Announcement & An announcement is about a seminar and a form is sent in for participation.
Non-Prose Reading
Announcement & E-mail: An announcement is about a workshop which is going to be held and an
e-mail requests for detailed information on the workshop.
An announcement is about a journey itinerary and costs and an e-mail
mentions some change in joining the journey.
Useful Tips
Reading 1: Announcement
Reading 2: E-mail
Jo: Soundbyte Magazine
From: Natalie Bowers
Subject: Advertisement submission
I'd like to place a Category A advertisement in your publication:
For Sale: T4-A high-performance loudspeakers. Compact design and professional sound quality. Only owned for 6
months. Good as new. $1,600 or negotiable.
Please send the billing statement for the advertisement to 283 Moa St, Pt. Chevalier, Auckland. Thank you.
Q: How much will Natalie's advertisement cost? A: $5
440 - Hackers TGEiC Readinq www.nhantriviet.com

HACKERS PR ACTIO
Reading Practice
Read the following passages arid choose the best answer to each question given.
01
02
Name: Ma ry Martin
_____ ___ THE CAROLINA BALLET COMPANY
SPONSORSHIP FORM
Thank you for your generosity and kind support for the Carolina Ballet Company,
Tel.: 555-9352
Address: 1435 Neverland Lane, Kalelgh, NC
Mob.: 0_03555-7&9ÿ& __
Please select which type of sponsorship you are interested in. Tvf Patron ÿ Benefactor
Total amount of your donation: $490 Method of payment: ÿ Credit card EÿCash ÿ Personal check
01 How many performances does the Carolina 02 What benefit will Ms. Martin receive?
>
Ballet Company do each year? (A) A CD of productions
(A) One (B) Reserved seating
O
(B) Two (C) A costume for the Ball o
cz
2
(C) Three CD
%
OJ
CQ
03 Evergreen University China Tour
CD
04 The history department will be sponsoring a study trip to China this year. Students can enroll for
course and receive university credit. The courses are as follows:
Please contact Rosalind Chao at rochao@evergreen.net for further information or to register.
03 What is the purpose of the announcement? 04 For which course did Colm Meaney enroll?
(A) To provide information on a tour (A) Post-revoiutionary China
(B) To schedule summer courses (B) History of the Tang Dynasty
(C) To request registration fees (C) Modern Chinese Archaeology
Answers: p. 559
www.nhantriviet.com Chapter 15 Announcement- Related Readings -441

Questions 01-05 refer to the following announcement and e-mail.
North African Congress of Public Utilities Development

Urban Planning Presentations and Workshops: April 6-10
Several presentations and workshops will be conducted during the congress. These activities
are geared toward city planners, and topics will include sanitation technology, environmental
advances, park development and water safety. The presentations will be conducted by urban
planning professionals from all over the globe. The goal is to help city planners renew their
knowledge of urban development.
LOCATION:
The presentations and workshops will be held at the Ramesseum Hotel in Cairo, only five
minutes from the convention center where the congress will be held. The hotel has also
agreed to offer a discounted rate on accommodation to those attending these events.
CANCELLATIONS:
A fee of $5o will be charged to those cancelling by April 3. Those cancelling after this date
will not be reimbursed for their admission fees. Cancellations must be made in writing.
FEES:
The cost is $3oo for full admission to all presentations and workshops. The fee includes lunch
at the hotel.
To: rcser\ ;ilions:(f ramesseumholel.iiei

From: har\e\deniY/ rcyncl.com
Subject: I lolcl reservation
Iam planning on attending the urban planning presentations and workshops at your hotel during
the North African Congress of Public Utilities Development. Iwould like to stay at your hotel for a
total of four nights from April 6-10.
The announcement for the events at your facilities stated that your hotel has a special offer for
attendees to the workshops and presentations. Could you please send me the details of your offer?
Thanks for your time.
Harvey Dent
44? - Markprs lOFif Rpariinn www.nhantriviet.com

01 According to the announcement, who are the 04 What can be inferred about the presentations?
workshops and presentations for? (A) They will be held at the convention center.
(A) Sanitation engineers (B) Presenters are from several different
(B) City planners countries.
(C) Environmentalists (C) They are free of charge to congress
(D) Hotel employees attendees.
(D) Advance registration is required.
02 In the announcement, the word "renew" in
paragraph 1, line 4 is closest in meaning to 05 What does Mr. Dent request?
(A) exchange (A) Shuttle schedules from the airport
(B) apply (B) Information on discounted room rates
(C) renovate (C) Complimentary meal vouchers
(D) update (D) Hotel restaurant discounts
03 What is NOT mentioned as a cancellation

policy? PO
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(A) Refunds will be given three days after the O
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event.
(B) Those who cancel by April 3 will be
S
charged a fee. ct>
(C) Admission fees are not refunded for

cancellations after April 3.
(D) Only written cancellations are accepted.
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www.n ha ntriviet »co m Chapter 15 Announcement -Related Readings - 443

Questions 06-10 refer to the following announcement and membership form.
Metropolitan Museum of Arts and Sciences (MMAS)

A Presentation by Mustafa Khalil
Date and time: February 28, 4:00 p.m.

Location: MMAS event hall
The Metropolitan Museum of Arts and Sciences (MMAS) is pleased to present a lecture by Mustafa
Khalil, famed Libyan film director. Mr. Khalil will be speaking about the new generation of Middle East¬
ern filmmakers. Following the speech, the newest film by Mr. Khalil Children of the Sand will be shown.
Mr. Khalil is an expert in Middle Eastern film and has made more than twenty movies in his forty-year
career as a director. His film Women at the Well won several international awards. In addition, Mr. Khalil
also spends much of his time offering advice to new up-and-coming directors.
Following the film, a reception will be held in the museum's gardens at 7:30 p.m. Guests will have a
chance to meet Mr. Khalil as well as several other young film directors from the Middle East. Reserva¬
tions for the reception are required. If you would like to reserve a seat, please contact our public rela¬
tions manager.
Tickets for this event are $12 for guests and $10 for students. Those wishing to become members can fill
in the enclosed form. -
Metropolitan Museum of Arts and Sciences (MMAS)

MEMBERSHIP APPLICATION
Benefits of Metropolitan Museum Membership:

- Free admission to all events at the museum
- Free admission to the museum for one year
- Subscription to Modern Film Magazine
- Tickets for annual Grand Ball event
Membership fees are $120 for individuals and $200 for families. Please fill in the following informa¬
tion and return it, along with your payment to our public relations office.
Name: ......
. . . .
Address: ________________________
__________
_____
__________
.........
__________
_________
___________
________
_____ ______
_____
_..
_..
Family members: ............

..........
..... . . .
Phone number: _ ......

E-mail:
Type of membership requested:
Method of payment:
*A11 members wishing to make reservations for particular events can call our public relations
manager Mark Lee at 555-4323.

06 What is being advertised in the announcement? 09 What is being indicated about the event on
(A) A movie February 28?
(B) A talk (A) Admission is free for those with
(C) A tour memberships.
(D) An exhibition (B) There is limited seating.
(C) Tickets can be purchased at the door.
07 Who is Mustafa Khalil? (D) It is for museum staff only,
(A) An actor
(B) An artist 10 What should people do if they want to attend
(G) A filmmaker the reception?
(D) A museum curator (A) Buy a ticket
(B) Visit the public relations office
08 What does a single membership for the (C) Call Mark Lee
museum cost? (D) Fill in a form
(A) $10
zo
(B) $12 m
>
(C) $120 O
(D) $200
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Answers: p. 559
www.nh a ntriviet.com Chapter 15 Announcement -Related Readings - 445

Related Readin
For article-related readings, the first is an article; the second is possibly another article, a non-
prose reading, letter, or an e-mail. Mostly, an e-mail responds to the article.

Typical Passages
Article & Article: An article reports a show recently held and an article introduces the products of a
company having participated in the show.
Article & Non- An article reports a promotion campaign of a business and a table shows details of
Prose Reading: this promotion campaign.
Article & Letter: An article gives comments on a book recently published and a letter written by the
author shows his objection to the comments.
Article & E-mail: An article introduces a new product and an e-mail shows the support of a customer.
Useful Tips
Reading 1: Article
Reading 2: E-mail
Q: Who will Darren Hayes most likely speak with? A: Mike Douglas
A A&. L) Tncir wwv/.n ha ntrrvi pf.rom

HACKERS PRACTIC-:-- !
Reading Practice
ÿ ! UTV Delays Premiere of Cosmos 3

02 The UTV network announced Monday that its newest science fiction series, Cosmos 3, will not be
launched this fall as previously scheduled. The network gave no specific reasons for the delay, but did
deny that it was caused by budgetary issues. However, Kyra Farrell, UTV spokesperson, did confirm
that there was a recent cast change for the actress playing the lead female role. Sources close to the
production claim that this is the primary reason for the delay. Industry insiders claim that the actress
dropped out of the show following several disagreements with the director of the series, Gene BarryO
01 Who is the director of Cosmos 31 02 Why was the premiere of Cosmos 3 delayed?
(A) Kyra Farrel! (A) The show went overbudget.
(B) Gene Barry (B) Gene Barry was busy with another
(C) Zoe Nichols production. >
O
(C) Marina Mulgrew was replaced with Zee CTs
Nichols.
03
04
Top Selling Anti-Virus Software

Numbers represent milions of users
.....
_
3
1 4~"®1§™— ÿ
0 . . .
1 Bugfix 2 AVAGE 3 Webpest 4 Virulent ' 5 Destro 6 FVU 7 Barton 8 Netrodent " 9 V-Killer
*The listed software is ranked in order of sales.
03 Which software company was the first to 04 What is suggested about the Netrodent soft¬
provide a free trial version? ware program?
(A) V-Killer (A) It is the highest selling anti-virus software.
(B) Bugfix (B) It is only for sale as a full version program.
(C) AVAGE (C) It provides free software updates.
Answers: p. 560
www.nhantriviet.com Chapter 16 Article -Related Readings - 447

"T".s, . ; ;- ÿ- :
; .•
4 Time limit: 9-Mtitrtes-
Decrease In Amazon Deforestation Is no Reason for Celebration
By Jan Grady
Recent government reports show that the rate just two decades." NISR conducts annua! studies
of deforestation in the Amazon basin has de¬ of the rainforest by examining pictures of the
creased by nearly 20 percent since the 1970s. area taken by satellite.
Officials say this is the lowest rate since 1991. Since 1970,the Amazon rainforest faas'decfeasei
But environmental critics say it is too soon for in size-'by'-nearly Imillion :square miles.': Some
.
celebration. Most of the deforestation is due to scientists say that one square, kilometer of rain¬
construction of new towns, clearing land for soy¬ forest may contain, up to ,.150;thousand species
bean fields and creating grazing land for cattle. of trees and* plants, not to mention the vast way
Dr. Sonya Braga from the ministry of the Na¬ of animal life and insects. Although advances
:
tional Institute of Space Research (NISR) in are being made in slowing down deforestation,
Brazil says, "At the current rate of deforestation, more protective measures are necessary to guar¬
the Amazon rainforest will be half its size in antee the safety of this world treasure.
To: Jan Grady

From: Greg Knight
Subject: Deforestation article
Dear Ms. Grady,
Thank you for your article on the deforestation of the Amazon in Green Machine Magazine's
May issue. I appreciate you informing the public on this serious problem. However, there
were a few facts in your article that were incorrect.
First, you mentioned that the size of the rainforest has decreased by 1 million square miles in
size since 1970. Actually, it decreased in size by 1 million square kilometers.
Also, you wrote that one square kilometer of rainforest can contain up to 150 thousand spe¬
cies of plants and trees. Your number is correct, but this is ONLY for plants. There are also
75,000 species of trees.
I just thought you might want to know about these errors. But again I want to thank you
for doing your part in conserving what is left of the Amazon rainforest, and agree with your
opinion about the area. I look forward to reading your articles in next month's issue.
Sincerely,
Greg Knight
Amazon Warrior Conservation Society

01 What is NOT mentioned in the article as a 04 What can be inferred about Green Machine
reason for deforestation in the Amazon? Magazine in the e-mail?
(A) Construction of towns (A) It is available for purchase in Brazil.
(B) The sale of lumber (B) It is published monthly.
(C) Creating grazing land (C) It is a free publication.
(D) Making soybean fields (D) It is a new magazine.
02 According to Ms. Braga how long will it take 05 What would Greg Knight and Jan Grady prob¬
for the rainforest to d€ crease by 50 percent? ably agree on?
(A) One year (A) Government should increase the budget
(B) Ten years for the rainforest's safety.
(C) Fifteen years (B) Scientists need to pay more attention to
(D)
\ /
Twenty years
J J
the rainforest's ecosystem.
(C) Farmers are to blame for deforestation of
03 Why was the e-mail written? the rainforest.
(D) More needs to be done to conserve the
(A) To report errors in the article
rainforest.
(B) To request a subscription
(C) To submit an article
(D) To ask for a donation
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To: Gary Greenspan, Investment Relations Manager

From: Ivana Helmsley
Date: January 17
Subject: Investors' meeting
Thank you for your message regarding the investors' meeting to be held next week on Jan. 22.
I would like to confirm that I will be attending the meeting and would like to accept your kind
offer of accommodation at the Printemps Hotel.
As for our personal meeting, you mentioned that you are free for lunch on Jan. 21 . I suggest we
meet at the hotel at 1 p.m. Our meeting shouldn't take long, as I simply wanted to go through
a few concerns I have about the recent drop in UniCorp stock value in Europe.
Thank you for your time and consideration.
Sincerely,
Ivana Helmsley
4S0 Harkpn; lOFIC Rpariirtn www.nhantrivipt.rom

06 What is the purpose of the article? 09 Where will Ms. Helmsley meet Mr. Greenspan?
(A) To report some financial statistics (A) in New York
(B) To announce a new executive (B) In Paris
(C) To analyze reasons for profit losses (C) In Los Angeles
(D) To describe a company's recent (D) In London
expansion
10 What is Ms. Helmsley concerned about?
07 What was the position of Mr. Branson prior to (A) The company policies regarding Investors
his promotion? (B) The fluctuation of market shares
(A) Investment manager (C) The proposed company expansion
(B) Chief accountant (D) The recent decrease in company stock
(C) Director of sales value
(D) Regional director
08 Why did Ms. Helmsley write to Mr. Greenspan?

(A) To confirm her attendance at a meeting
>
o
(B) To make a restaurant reservation z
o
(C) To request information about a new
ZD
employee O
(D) To arrange a consultation about invest¬

ment in the company
Answers: p. 560

For non-prose-related readings, the first is in the form of a(n) list/chart/graph/schedule/
agenda/ invoice/ itinerary, etc.; the second is usually an e-mail, a letter, an article, etc,

Typical Passages
Non-Prose Reading & E-mail: A table of prices is given by a publisher and an e-mail orders some books.
An invoice shows some items which have been delivered and an e-mail
responds to the invoice.
A web page points out customers' complaints and an e-mail shows the
company apologies.
Non-Prose Reading & Letter: A brochure publicizes a performance and a letter states the audience
opinion.
Useful Tips
Reading 1: Agenda
Blueprint Imaging Services, Ltd.
Agenda for Meeting with Advanced Machinery Suppliers
9:00 a.m. Ordering Quantity & Time Frame Helen Clark: Blueprint Imaging
9:30 a.m. Customized Manufacturing Specifications Heather Hughes: Crayon Factory Supply
10:00 a.m. Review of Advanced Machines Winston Peters: Anderson Technologies
10:40 a.m. Post-purchase Maintenance and Servicing Steve Dunne: Silicon Machine Production
Reading 2: E-mail
Q: Whose presentation had the most impact on Ms. Clark's decision to order?
A: Heather Hughes

HACKERS PRACTICE
Reading Practice
ÿ Marion Coleman Art Museum Guides and City Guide Books

02 This is a partial list of our best-sellers. Visit our website for a complete list.
Museum Guide City Tour Guide
Please fill out the order form and send it in the addressed envelope. Please include $6.50 for regular
snipping fees (1 vvocjk) oi S I0 50 for oxpicss mail i3 davsi.
01 What museum guide costs the same 02 How much was the shipping charge for Ms.
amount as a Seattle tour guide book? Chang's order?
(A) Fine Art Museum for San Francisco (A) $6.50
(B) Metropolitan Museum of Art (B) $10.50
(C) The Art Institute of Chicago (C) $11.99
03 Joe Keller's Nightmare: at Midnight.

04 Powerhouse Thcatar Company. Scot. 1 i - 1 7. 7:JO p.m.
Directed by Frank Warnc
Cast: Marty Brcwsicr Gram Bnrry
Abigail Brewster Jo;.'n Hall
Marta Brews'ei Josephine Adaii
Theodore Carry Alex Johnson
03 What performer does Mr. Leach refer to 04 Where can tickets be purchased?
in the review? (A) At a website
(A) Josephine Adair (B) At the theater
(B) Alex Johnson (C) At the city hall
Answers: p. 560
(C) Jean Hall
www.nhantriviet.com Chapter 17 Non-Prose -Related Readings - 453

H A U K C fl S ItSi x;? Time limit: 9 minutes
Questions 01-05 refer to the following web contact form and e-mail.
Cool Waters Air Conditioning Contact Form

u w u .coolw aler-.ae.com
Thank \ou lor eoniaciing ( 'ool Waters Air C'ondiiioning. Please fill oul 1ho following information.
i nti ilicn press the "SI-ND" button on the bottom of the screen. We will gel kick lo \ou as soon ;is
ÿ
possible.
x';tiPe: Uric?. Williains l\-mail: erwiliy@oai.com

AikliVss: P. 0. Sox 55-A. Manchester, lows 52057
IMione: (519) 555-3495 business I'lione (optional):
Ipurchased an air conditioner from your Maple Street branch last Monday on July 2. The
machine runs, but it seems the fan is not working. Could you please send someone over to
the above address to have a look at it?
SEND
To: Erica Williams <erwilly(a)oal.com>

From: Customer Service <cservice@coolwatersac.com>
Date: July 8
Dear Ms. Williams,
We received your message dated July 7 concerning the air conditioning unit you bought on
July 2. We apologize for the inconvenience this problem may have caused you. We received
a list of factory defects in Wind's new series of air conditioners earlier this week:
ÿI
Mm
B
We will replace the defective parts and send someone over to service your air conditioner
tomorrow. Please let us know what time is best for you.
ARA - Harkpr<; TOFIf Rpadinn www.nhantriviet.com

01 On the contact form, what information is 04 When did Ms. Williams send the web form?
optional? (A) July 2
(A) E-mail address (B) July 7
(B) Mailing address (C) July 8
(C) Home phone number (D) July 12
(D) Business telephone number
05 In the e-mail, the word "running" in the table,
02 In the e-mail, what is being discussed? line 3 is closest in meaning to
(A) Source of the shipping error (A) operating
(B) Reimbursement of the repairing charges (B) jogging
(C) A solution to the customer's problem (C) organizing
(D) The production process of a machine (D) travelling
03 What air conditioner model does Ms. Williams

probably have?
(A) W-P542
(B) W-P543
(C) W-P602
(D) W-P604
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Questions 06-10 refer to the following invoice and e-mail.
Big Wheel Bikes Order Number: 78954

L-'2S C. Ir.nuh iew Au'iui!', !'iilshun;h, i'.\ l.Xile: lime p
1 1 I vi !!!<.\\n C.>L.\.\iiiY i'KKT

Hiking Adrenaline Speed .2 Sb'.'XS
Water bottle Genesis 2 $'H.98
Sunglasses Carlucci 1 $69.99
: loimet l\ Train i
______ _
iOI A!.: s22i.lH
-
The \i L Sii\ er helinei Ihal vou ordered i- eiirrenib mil o! slock. We don't e\prci a new ÿliip-
ivirnl of them until ne\i month. We Iried caiiin;.; vou ~.e\oral iime- bill uuildn'l reach vou. We
haw sen l .lion;; a ienaiii helmet 'vhich i!mlui i' \ retail.-. f S 1 2,--).l''-i but oni\ charged vou lor
ihe cost oi a !;as[ Silver helmet.
. a ! \\v. v- . il i. ! !*«' i i*- order Mv ' h i

i'h'11.' l'iii :m|; -ii"! "I'Oiir .
has been damae.eit, please
i
contact our service department immcdiatelv at :\r"i-727.i or e-mail us at service;" bii;\vhool.net.

l'Uv.--e liiP \ our order imirner whru ca'iinu or include il on pp.v
. e-.J- V-
mail.
_ _ __ _ ÿ_i=3
To: Customer Service, Big Wheel Bikes
From: Vince Armstrong
Date: June 5
Subject: Recent delivery
I just received my order this morning and unfortunately, there were a few problems,
The Carlucci sunglasses were broken. Also, even though the Terrain helmet is of great¬
er value, I would prefer waiting for the Fast Silver helmet, as it is a bit lighter than the
Terrain one. I will send back these two items this afternoon. If you could send me a
replacement pair of sunglasses, I would appreciate it. As for the helmet, you can just
send me a Fast Silver helmet when your shipment arrives. Thanks for your help.
Sincerely,
Vince Armstrong
-rr\n/- n i; \M\M\M nhp,ntfwipt miTi

0
06 What does Big Wheel Bikes say about Mr. 09 What requested information did Mr. Armstrong
Armstrong's order? forget to include in his e-mail?
(A) Some items will be shipped at a later time. (A) His mailing address
(B) They didn't charge him extra for a more (B) His order number
expensive helmet. (C) His contact information
(C) The order will not be delivered for another (D) His credit card details
month.
(D) The total price has been charged to his 10 What is true about the Fast Silver helmet?
credit card. (A) It sells quickly.
(B) It is out of production.
07 What does Mr. Armstrong say about an item (C) It is lighter than the Terrain helmet.
he received? (D) It is the most expensive one on the market.
(A) It was too expensive.
(B) It was the wrong size.
(C) It was broken.
(D) It was the wrong package.
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(A) Send him a Fast Silver helmet CD
(B) Ship a pair of new sunglasses

(C) Refund his money
(D) Reimburse him for delivery charges
Answers: p. 560

458
101. Shoppers at Grisons' Department Store 104. Because of Valley Bank's new online
purchase any electronic appliance banking service, paying your monthly bills
this week will receive an adaptor free of just became easier than
charge. (A) always (B) ever
(A) who (B) whom (C) never (D) often
(C) which (D) whose
105. Reservations for events and conferences

102. An schedule of events for Samson can be made by calling Regent
festival was posted in popular locations Resorts directly or through a travel agency.
around town. (A) all (B) only
(A) update (B) updates (C) either (D) whether
(C) updating (D) updated
106. The changes to office policy were

103. Dandridge Investment's human resources implemented in the Houston branch by the
officer is always looking for employees regional manager.
Ms. Streep's ability. (A) effective (B) effectively
(A) of (B) to (C) effect (D) effecting
(C) while (D) for
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107. Trains to the international airport are 113. The new photocopier purchased from Avis
to depart every thirty minutes Supplies came with detailed
from the central station. (A) instructor (B) instructions
(A) appointed (B) measured (C) instructing (D) instructs
(C) scheduled (D) reserved
114. Files in the accounting department are kept

108. The assembly line renovation project was in alphabetical order so that workers can
completed ahead of time because of the find them
dedication and the of the team (A) rarely (B) nicely
members. (C) easily (D) separately
(A) reliant (B) rely
(C) reliably (D) reliability
115. DaVinci's restaurant is famous for a wide
of Italian dishes that are freshly
109. Dyson Electronics can offer full refunds made, but their prices are expensive.
the item is returned within two (A) variety (B) varied
weeks of the date of purchase. (C) various (D) variously
(A) during (B) while
(C) in (D) if
116. Financial analysts predict that profits for the
new studio are likely to reach $60
110. The buildings failed to pass the safety million after their film releases this summer.
inspection because they were built (A) more (B) over
with poor construction materials. (C) farther (D) away
(A) rapidly (B) conveniently
(C) industriously (D) accurately
117. Many residents in the downtown area are
complaining because the cost of rent is no
111. Bedrock Supply's delivery service will be longer
starting on March 7 due to recent (A) affording (B) affordable
budget cuts. (C) affordability (D) afford
(A) complete (B) unavailable
(C) eligible (D) popular
118. Generica Cleaning Supplies is developing
a line of products that are environmentally
112. Customers' complaints and suggestions are friendly and beneficial.
never by the customer service staff (A) stringently (B) cheaply
at Newtown Graphics. (C) economically (D) permanently
(A) avoided (B) ignored
(C) adapted (D) started
www.n ha ntriviet.com Actual Test 1 - 461

119. After reading all the resumes, the 126. Please make sure to book your tickets for
board will decide which applicants to invite the ballet in advance, as seating in the
for an interview. auditorium is
(A) carefully (B) caring (A) limited (B) limiting
(C) careful (D) to care (C) limitation (D) limits
120. Rosita's catering staff ensures that its 127. Frequent passengers will receive a free
customers receive meals and national ticket to any location every
exceptional service. $1,000 they spend on train tickets.
(A) wishful (B) durable (A) because . (B) for
(C) imperative (D) outstanding (C) so (D) along
121. Deciding who to hire as regional managers 128. High prices of a product are often due more
is one of the most difficult faced by to the advertising rather than the
directors. quality of the goods.
(A) challenging (B) challenges (A) budget (B) currency
(C) challengingly (D) challenged (C) shoppers (D) fees
122. For your convenience, an agenda for next 129. Guests may leave their luggage in the
month's session on corporate law lobby the front desk if they need
has been e-mailed to your accounts. assistance carrying it to their rooms.
(A) training (B) meaning (A) near (B) into
(C) housing (D) covering (C) out of (D) through
123. The CEO emphasized that all hospital 130. The new marketing strategy targeting senior
employees should become more citizens caused an in sales for
with local charity organizations and events. Progain Pharmaceuticals.
(A) familiarly (B) familiarize (A) increased (B) increase
(C) familiar (D) familiarity (C) increasing (D) increasable
124. those with up-to-date security 131. Ms. Claven will which company
passes will be permitted entrance into the was chosen for outsourcing the production
building. of IMG's washing machines at the investors'
(A) Total (B) Almost meeting on Monday.
(C) Every (D) Only (A) permit (B) announce
(C) surrender (D) enclose
125. Ms. Kyle called this morning to request

some revisions to travel itinerary 132. The Dayview Journal of Finance
for the business trip to Eastern Europe. Gerald Butler as CEO of The Year for his
(A) hers (B) she successes in the Southeast Asian markets.
(C) her (D) herself (A) was selected (B) selected
(C) selecting (D) to select
46? Harkprs TOFIf Rpadina www.nhantriviet.com

133. The Innovations in Medical Technology 137. Harold decided to go ahead with the
conference begins on Tuesday and will last conference, many of his colleagues
Friday, in the department are not able to attend
(A) yet (B) on because of upcoming deadlines.
(C) over (D) until (A) even though (B) because
(C) before (D) furthermore
134. Getting the designs ready for production is

a process which includes a lot of 138. Alderan Industries stated that they will
sample making and alterations. land for branch offices in more
(A) lengthy (B) lengthen than 20 different countries.
(C) lengthening (D) length (A) purchases (B) purchasing
(C) purchase (D) purchased
135. Generex Robotics is exhibiting at the trade

fair and will the functions of their 139. The Coldstream Transportation Line has
new packaging equipment. added 40 new buses to their system in
(A) develop (B) astonish order to provide more service
(C) discourage (D) demonstrate during rush hours.
(A) specific (B) plentiful
(C) frequent (D) sudden
136. You can access your bank funds by using
the debit card by Metrobank at
most automated transfer machines. 140. Price and Vincent Development expects
(A) provided (B) provides to increase their profit margin dramatically
(C) provision (D) providing following several recent reached
with suppliers of raw materials.
(A) agreements (B) results
(C) outcomes (D) discussions
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www.nhantriviet.com Actual Test 1 - 463

MTT Security Systems

2872 Rosemont Street
Portland, OR 97299
Shawn Russell
2265 Armstrong Road
Ashland, OR 97520
Dear Mr. Russell,
Thank you for recently enrolling for our total home security program. You can be sure that you
made the right decision in choosing MTT to your home and property.
141. (A) protect
(B) restore
(C) sell
(D) build
MTT guarantees fast and efficient service. We are constantly updating our security systems
you the highest level of protection. We also use some of the most highly sophisticated
142. (A) ensure
(B) ensured
(C) have ensured
(D) ensuring
detection equipment in the nation.
We do hope that you will be fully with our service, and if you have any questions or
143. (A) satisfy
(B) satisfying
(C) satisfyingly
(D) satisfied
requests, please don't hesitate to contact us. Thank you again for choosing MTT.
Sincerely yours,
Alyssa Dara
Security Director, MTT
464 - Harkprs TOEJC Readina www.nhantriviet.com

To: All Office Staff i

From: Montgomery Smithers. Warehouse Manager
Date: Oct. 16
Subject: Customer Complaint
I wanted to let you know about a complaint we this week from Mr. Malone at Danson
144. (A) were receiving
(B) have received
(Cs receive
(D) receiving
Enterprises. Mr. Malone asked that we send him our new catalog with his most recent order. He
said this is the second time he has requested the catalog and still hasn't received it.
To avoid this mistake in the future. I suggest one person with the job of enclosing the
145. (A) en lore!HQ
(3) Telling
(C) assigning
(Dj explaining
most recent copy of our catalog with all outgoing orders. In this way. we can also make sure our
customers are updated on our lino of products.
If you think this is a good . or if you have any other suggestions, let me know at the staff
146. (A) organization i
(B) idea !
; -'.'(C) ;order
(D) procession s
meeting tomorrow. i >
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Underwater Research Center

The largest underwater research facility in the world is nearly completed. The research facility.
located near Goid Coast. Australia, is cxpected to be fully functional in two days, after
147. (A) after
(B) just
(C) when
(D) from
nearly twelve years of planning and development.
:A lot of work has gone into making this structure totally secure and able to withstand even the
most powerful storms." said Bobby Pogue. head engineer for the construction. He also men¬
tioned that technicians are adding the final touches to the emergency system which must be
before any personnel can start conducting their research.
148, :.A) opera iions
(B) operate
(C) operational
(D) operator
The research facility will study underwater life forms, natural resources and conduct experi¬
ments to determine the results of global warming. The spokesman of the center said that the
construction of the facility possible in partnership with the Australian government and
149. (A) was made
(B) was making
(0) to make
(D) to be made
Keiko Electronics.
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Northjet Airlines
720 Burrard Ave.
Vancouver, BC V5K-1W2
May 31
Ms. Rose Kinghom

515 Nickel Road
Kelowna. BC V1 P-2H0
Dear Ms Kinghom.
Thank you foi applying to the Northjet Frequent Flier Plan. Please find your new Frequent Flier
card enclosed with this letter. We recommend that all members, for their own protection, not give
out. their card number, reservation numbers or information through e-mail or mobile
150. (A) other suet
(B) manyny
(C) one more
phone to avoid any possibility of identity theft.
Members are also advised to follow these steps in order to protect their personal
1K1 ÿ'
£ÿ
(B) suTticient
(C) additional
(D) urgent
information:
- Sign your name on the back of the card.
- Copy your membership number and keep it in a secure place.
cm
- If the card is lost, contact one of our representatives immediately. rH"
CO
Thank you for your . We appreciate your business, and hope you enjoy the wonderful
152. (A) sponsorship
(B) cooperation
(C) qualification
(D) recommendation
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Questions 153-154 refer to the following receipt.
Mackie Printing Industries

SHIPPING RECEIPT
ORDER DATE: March 30

ORDER FILED: April 7
CUSTOMER NAME: Martin West _

CUSTOMER ORDER NUMBER: JW435643_
Size: Large
Color: Red and gold
Quantity: 120
Description: Four-page menus with restaurant name and logo on the cover
Cost: $7.99 each
Subtotal: $958.80
Tax: $11.50
TOTAL? $970.30
"Thank you for your business*
153. How many menus were ordered? 154. What is stated in the receipt?
(A) 4 (A)
(B) 120 (B)
(C) 958 (C)
(D) 970 the menus. >
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Sarah Badler, Director of Marketing and Sales 1

Victory Cosmetics
29 Singer Ave., 5th Floor
cs Angeles.
July 7
Juno Chadwick
Visitor Promotional Productions
523 Duncan Street. Room 12
Ms. Chacivvick,
We at Victory Cosmetics would like to extend our thanks and gratitude for the wonder¬
ful work you and your promotional team have done for our newest line of perfumes.
The advertisements you created for both print and television are fantastic. Your pro¬
motional strategy has paid off as we've already started earning revenues after just the
first sales quarter.
This has been the most profitable launch of any Victory product in the last 20 years.
You have done a tremendous job. and we look forward to working with your firm again.
With this letter you will find an enclosed bonus chock which we would like you to use
for a small celebration with your staff. This is just our way of saying thank you.
Sincerely yours,
G/teJk QaAle/i
Director of Marketing and Sales
Victory Cosmetics
155. What is the purpose of the letter? 156, What does Ms. Badler say about the recent
(A) To request a payment product launch?
(B) To give praise (A) It was successful.
(C) To request a product sample (B) It costed a lot of money.
(D) To promote a new product (C) It will begin next month.
(D) It took a lot of work.
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To: Alexander MacDonald j

From: Fionnula O'Dell !
Subject: Website design I
We are currently working on the content and design for our branch's website here in
Dublin. I noticed the wonderful layout of your site for Glasgow and saw the name Eve¬
lyn Marlinton listed as the designer. Everything on your site seemed very functional,
easy to use and attractive, and I'm interested in contacting Ms. Marlinton about work¬
ing with our branch. I was wondering if you could give me her phone number or e-mail
address so I can get in touch with her.
We do have some ideas for the website already, and I'd like to get her opinion on
them. I will be visiting Glasgow on Thursday for the sales conference, so maybe we
could schedule a brief meeting between the three of us. I'm sure any advice you might
have for me would also be useful. Let me know when you might be available. And if
you could forward me some information about Ms. Marlinton, I will contact her as well.
Thanks for your help!
Fionnula O'Dell
157. Why was the e-mail written? 159. Where might Fionnula O'Dell meet with
(A) To request some contact information Alexander MacDonald?
(B) To ask for an address (A) In Dublin
(C) To offer an invitation to a conference (B) In Glasgow
(D) To inform a customer of a new service (C) In London
(D) In Manchester
158. Who is Evelyn Marlinton?
(A) A sales representative
(B) A company executive
(C) A branch manager
(D) A website designer

160, What position is being advertised? 161. What is NOT listed as a job benefit offered
(A) Lawyer by the company?
(B) Human resources manager (A) A yearly bonus
(C) Computer specialist (B) An expense account
(D) Executive assistant (C) A good salary
(D) Medical insurance

To: Design Team

From: Donald Karan
Date: June 14
Subject: Lunch
Hollo everyone,
.I. first would like to thank and congratulate you all on your hard work this
season. The collection was a great: critical success. Because we've been so
busy, we haven't had time to sit down together and discuss some different
ideas for next season.
I'd like to invite everyone to lunch tomorrow at Maharani's. We'll meet at

1 o'clock and this w.i .1 1 also give everyone a chance to meet our team's newest
member, Antonio Musco . Antonio wi 11 be developing a new line of accessor ies
for our company, and I 'nr. sure he wi 11 become a valuable member of our team.
If you would like to attend this meeting, please call Eva Green sometime
this afternoon so that she can make a reservation at the restaurant. I look
.
forward to seeing you al 1 and congratu.la Iions again on a job well done.
162. Who probably wrote the memo? 164. For what will Mr. Musco be responsible?
(A) A secretary (A) Managing the team
(B) An event planner (B) Designing new products
(C) A restaurant manager (C) Promoting collections
(D) The team leader (D) Deciding the menu
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163. What is the purpose of the meeting? 165. Why would employees contact Eva Green?
(A) To view the new collection (A) To submit a proposal
(B) To meet a new client (B) To request product information
(C) To award an employee (C) To confirm attendance
(D) To discuss some ideas (D) To reserve accommodation
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Ms. Marie Faubert

95 Jackson Crescent
Phoenix, AZ 04-55000
Dear Ms. Faubert,
On behalf of Sylvan House Wares, Iwould like to apologize for the damaged trays you
received. We always try to package all shipments to the best of our abilities, but these ac¬
cidents still happen on occasion. Ihave asked our shipping department to send you some
replacements as soon as possible.
You will find with this letter a return kit. This includes the box, packing materials and an
address label. Please use the kit to send back the damaged goods to our company. The
I
postage has been prepaid so you only need to pack the trays and call the delivery com¬
pany. Iam also enclosing a $20 gift certificate to make up for any inconvenience.
Again, Iapologize for this inconvenience and value your business.
Sincerely yours,
QoaJm/u* Bell
Sales Manager
Sylvan House Wares
166. What problem was reported to Ms. Bell? 168. What is Ms. Faubert instructed to do?
(A) Some merchandise was damaged. (A) Cancel an order
(B) A shipment was lost. (B) Pay a bill
(C) An address was incorrect. (C) Call the shipping department
(D) Postage was not paid. (D) Call the delivery company
167. What is included with the letter?

(A) A new set of trays
(B) A gift certificate
(C) An addressed envelope
(D) A business card
474 - Hackers TOEIC Reading WWWJlhantrivietCOm

169. Why did Ms. Banks hire The Ford Firm? 171. How did Ms. Banks learn about The Ford
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(B) To increase production (A) in a newspaper aovertisemei
(C) To develop new eyeglasses (B) On television
(D) To find investors (C) Through a business partner
(D) Through a friend
170. What kind of business is The Ford Firm?
(A) A cosmetics manufacturer
(B) A public relations company
(C) A research agency
(D) An investment group
www.nhantriviet.com Actual Test 1 ~ 475

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The Royal Academy of Dance
Summer Schedule:
The following is a list of classes that will be offered by the academy during our summer session.
Classes will begin starting June 14. All sessions will be held one day a week for two hours. Each
class will run until on July 24 and is limited to a number of 15 students.
Introduction to Dance, Elementary Level Monday. 8:30 a.m.

Jennifer Nouri
Modern Dance Monday, 10:00 a.m.
Michael Beals
Classical Dance/Bailrocm Dancing Tuesday, 8:30 a.m.
Alexandra Hurley
Choreography Development Thursday, 10:00 a.m.
Nick Owens
Dance Therapy: Healing the Body Through Movement Friday, 8:30 a.m.
Lilia Scala
'Registration for all classes will be on June 7 and 8 from 9 a.m. to 2 p.m. at the academy admissions office.
Early applications will not be accepted. For further Information, contact the admissions office at 555-6474.
172. How often is each class held? 174. Who is scheduled to teach dance for
(A) Once a week beginners?
(B) Twice a week (A) Michael Beals
(C) Once a month (B) Jennifer Nouri
(D) Three times a month (C) Alexandra Hurley
(D) Nick Owens
173. What information is given in the notice?
(A) The cost of classes 175. What is NOT indicated about Lilia Scala's
(B) The dates for registration class?
(C) The room number for each class (A) It requires textbooks.
(D) The telephone numbers of instructors (B) It meets on Friday.
(C) It is about physical healing.
(D) It is about therapy.

RTLflNTIS CRUISE LINES i

| Julie McCoy |
1411 St.Johns Bluff Road )
Jacksonville, Florida 32224-2645 : ;|
Dear Ms. McCoy,
As we discussed earlier on the phone, your cruise to Tangier for August 15 has been cancelled.
However, I've managed to book you on a cruise for August 18 at 10:30 a.m. leaving from Miami.
The journey to Tangier will last for five days and will arrive on August 23. There will be one
stop in Kingston for four hours on route to Morocco and a tour will be provided. All prices areww
the same as your previous reservation.
If this booking is suitable, please contact me via fax at (607)555-4699 or by e-mail at roserva-
tions@atlantiscruise.net. We can arrange for Internet access in your room on the ship as request¬
ed, as well as the vegetarian meals. Unfortunately, Atlantis Cruise Lines cannot arrange for hotel
accommodation in Tangier. However, our partners at Global-Go Travel are offering discount
hotel rates for reservations made by July 1. You may want to contact them as soon as possible,
as hotels fill up quickly this time of year.
. . . . . .........
Please let me know if you would like to go ahead with these travel plans, if so, you will also
need to send me passport numbers and expiration dates for both you and your husband.
v
Sincerely,
Isaac Washington
'
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176. Why did Mr. Washington write the letter?

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179. What does Mr. Washington request that Ms.

McCoy do?
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(A) To provide details of travel itinerary

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changes (A) Change her destination
(B) To offer the services of a travel agency (B) Confirm hotel reservations
(C) To inform the company of dietary (C) Send passport information
requirements (D) Drovtde a list of meal requirements
(D) To make reservations for a hotel
180. What service does Atlantis Cruise Lines
177. What is Ms. McCoy's destination? NOT provide?
(A) Jacksonville (A) Tour arrangements
(B) Miami (B) Special meals
(C) Kingston (C) In-room Internet service
(D) Tangier (D) Hotel arrangements o
178. What is scheduled for August 18?

(A) A flight arrival
(B) A ship departure
(C) A dinner
(D) A stay at a hotel

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To: Abigail Lang, Air Service Training
From: Elaine Dickinson
Date: March 12
Subject: Training Session
Dear Ms. Lang,
Ijust wanted to thank you for providing such an informative and interesting training course. I
attended all four of the sessions your company conducted for OrionAir, and found you to be an
exceptional instructor with a lot of experience in our field. You seemed to understand the prob¬
lems we face on a daily basis. My colleagues and Ifound your ideas and suggestions very useful.
You can be sure we will start using your ideas in our workplace. Finally, we also appreciated the
free travel bag very much, and thank you for this kind gesture.
Sincerely,
Elaine Dickinson /
A~JQ Ll-srl/nrr TAPif Poarlmrt www.nhantriviet.com

181. What is NOT true about the training course? 184. What most likely is Ms. Dickinson's job?
(A) It began last Wednesday. (A) A pilot
(B) It is about customer service. (B) A flight attendant
(C) It is intended for event planners. (C) An event planner
(D) It includes four sessions. (D) A travel agent
182. In the article, the word "treat" in paragraph 1, 185. Why did Ms. Dickinson receive a travel
line 3 is closest in meaning to bag?
(A) work under (A) She ordered it.
(B) deal with (B) She won a contest.
(C) find out (C) She attended the training course.
(D) react to (D) She registered for a membership.
183. Why did Ms. Dickinson write the e-mail?

(A) To request a free gift
(B) To ask about a training course
(C) To thank an instructor
(D) To offer a suggestion
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j To: The imperatrice Hotel j
From: Ivan Kaminski ÿ
Date: May 5
Subject: Reservations j
I saw your recent advertisement for the grand opening of your hotel, and am happy that The Impera¬
trice is finally opening again for business. My wife and I have often stayed at your hotel and always
enjoyed your kindness and your high level of service.
I currently work as the director for S&B Marketing in Manhattan. I normally treat my staff to an annual
party, but I thought it might be something special and interesting if I invited them to your grand gala
and ball. The total number of people would be 10, and I was wondering if you would still have this many
tickets available.
Also, do you offer any type of group rate? Regardless, we still want to purchase the tickets if they are
available. Please contact me by phone at 555-9045 to let me know.
Thanks!

186. In the advertisement, what is NOT stated 189. How much money might Mr. Kaminski have
about the hotel? to pay?
(A) it was recently restored. (A) $20
(B) It has sports facilities, (B) $200
(C) It has an event hall. (C) $220
(D) It is in the city center. (D) $2,000
187. In the advertisement, the word "charged" in 190. What does Mr. Kaminski ask about?
paragraph 3, line 2 is closest in meaning to (A) The cost of a room
(A) selected (B) The number of invitations
(B) demanded (C) The location of the event
(C) admitted (D) The availability of tickets
(D) submitted
188. What is suggested about Mr. Kaminski in

the e-mail?
(A) He is a frequent visitor at the hotel.
(B) He is an investor in the hotel.
(C) He is unhappy with the service at the
hotel.
(D) He held an event at the hotel.
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Landscape Artist Creates Local Gardens

Amietha Anderson is becoming a household name amoim ihose interested in tiarden de-
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sign. following her critically acclaimed work lor ihe courthouse gardens in Vieibourne.
Ms. Anderson has done several projects including die landscape design lor llie new home
of ioeal entrepreneur lienny Johnson. Johnson lias also hired Anderson to develop the
grounds surrounding his company's new headquarters which will be located in Sydney.
"T\e thoroughly enjoyed working with Agneiha. She has an incredible \ision about what
a garden should be. She creates outdoor spaces that feel comfortable and relaxing. I can
hardly wait for her to start on our next project in Sydnc\." sa\s Johnson.
\\ lien asked why her gardens and landscaping are becoming so popular. .-iiKici'soii saiu. "i
ill ink a garden should be a place w here people can relax. You should lee! free io si! on the
grass and lake your shoes olT. i try to create a beautiful and accommodating atmosphere
throimh
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mv work." She also mentioned thai dcsimiim: wardens '.lives her the opportunitv
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to be creative and spend time outdoors. "The only drawback is that ! don't ha\c enough
time to spent! at home in my own garden." she added. Anderson says she is r.tili in the
planning stages lor her next project with Mr. Johnson, but looks lurwa.x! io getting started
as soon as possible.
From: Benny Johnson

To: Agnetha Anderson
Subject: Landscaping plans
I am very excited about working with you again on our second project, and I just received the plans
and blueprints you've drawn up this morning. I am very pleased with what you have done so far. I es¬
pecially like the idea for the pond surrounded by trees. However, I was wondering if we could move
it further away from the entrance. As we will have a lot of traffic through that area, I would like a
larger space around the entrance. Could you keep the design for the pond, but simply move it to the
left side of the building? Let me know if this is OK. You can just write me an e-mail. Other than that,
everything else looks wonderful. Thank you for all your help.
Benny
48? Harkprs TOFIC Readina www.nhantriviet.com

191. What is the purpose of the article? 194. What does Benny Johnson ask Agnetha
(A) To announce the opening of a new park Anderson to change?
(B) To profile a landscape designer (A) The size of the garden
(C) To provide information on local plants (B) The location of the entrance
(D) To report the opening of a new public (C) The position of the pond
garden (D) The number of trees
192. What does Agnetha Anderson say is a 195. What is NOT indicated about Benny
disadvantage of her job? Johnson?
(A) She has to travel a lot. (A) He is a local businessman.
(B) She doesn't have enough time at home. (B) He is opening a new office.
(C) She spends too much time outdoors. (C) He enjoys working with Ms. Anderson.
(D) She cannot be as creative as she would (D) He wrote an article about Ms. Anderson.
like.
193. What design project is Benny Johnson

discussing in his e-mail?
(A) The courthouse garden
(B) The yard at his private home
(C) The grounds for his new headquarters
(D) The landscaping of a local park
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www.n ha ntriviet.com Actual Test 1 - 483

Questions 196-200 refer to the following announcement and form.
is 11 mmmmmmmmmmmmism
ST1. in SIXTHS f > lS-i i ':"i \" i-.S: i'mirsc KiimllmiMil Form
Special requests/questions/comments:
1ti] i' iilil'i \."t i It: '-i'ilwiIiL, \
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w i 1 1 \ J I'm iliit.'.1. 'i ÿ
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special group rates. There will be ten of us in total. Please let me know by e-mail.
484 - Hackers TOEIC Reading vvvvw.nhantriviet.com

196. What is the purpose of the announcement? 199. What is the fee for the course Mr. Koppel
(A) To introduce a new trainer plans to attend?
(B) To provide details about a conference (A) $300
(C) To advertise business classes (B) $350
(D) To promote a sales convention (C) $400
(D) $450
197. In the announcement, the word "delivering" in
paragraph 1, line 5 is closest in meaning to 200. What does Mr. Koppel want to know?
(A) sending (A) Whether a course is still available
(B) naming (B) Whether the company provides a
(C) presenting discount for groups
(D) traveling (C) The dates scheduled for one of the
classes
198. What is NOT a subject of a course? (D) The e-mail address of a trainer
(A) Developing management strategies
(B) Creating a reward and commission
system
(C) Designing a company website
(D) Lowering office expenditures
Answers: p. 560

101. Company insurance coverage will not be 104. its grand opening of the Chicago
provided employees have filed a store, J-Mart prepared free refreshments for
medical report. the public.
(A) until (B) by (A) Celebrates (B) Celebrated
(C) without (D) whenever (C) To celebrate (D) Has celebrated
102. Monarch Co. is a prominent food 105. Please make sure to take all your carry-on
manufacturer that is around the luggage and items with you as you
world for its high-quality ingredients. exit the aircraft.
(A) recognizes (B) recognizing (A) actual (B) obtainable
(C) recognized (D) recognize (C) personal (D) resourceful
103. The research team members are proud of 106. After much discussion, the director
work on the environmental impact announced that she decided to hire Mr.
project. Stevens as a replacement for the marketing
(A) their (B) them manager.
(C) they (D) that (A) finale (B) finalize
(C) finally (D) finish
486 - Markers TOPIC Rpadina www.rihantriviet.com

107. The security director concern that 113. One of the topics included in today's seminar
the office staff were not always wearing is dealing with customers' comments and
their identification badges. complaints more .
(A) suggested (B) regarded (A) attentively (B) attending
(C) pointed (D) expressed (C) attentive (D) attention
108. American construction companies are more 114. Handel Arts Center will be constructing an
on Asian steel manufacturers than additional backstage area to its main hall
ever before, because of growing costs of performers have more space for
local labor. rehearsal and show preparation.
(A) reliant (B) relied (A) because of (B) so that
(C) rely (D) reliance (C) considering (D) whether
109. Renfrew Supermarkets earned $100 million 115. The reached by the consultant
in profits last year, the company to was that Bolton Business Bureau's office
open two new branches in Miami. expenditures were too high.
(A) allow (B) allowance (A) concludes (B) concluding
(C) allowed (D) allowing (C) concluded (D) conclusion
110. The marketing department 116. According to recent studies, the demands of
a clearer understanding of the latest customers have changed over the
consumer trends by attending last past decade.
month's seven-day workshop. (A) orderly (B) additionally
(A) have been gained (B) gained (C) mainly (D) clearly
(C) will gain (D) gaining
117. All staff will be required to undergo a full

111. Beth Cartwright will be speaking today medical check-up, for those who
instead of Harry Shearer has an were hired within the last month.
emergency and is unable to attend the (A) only (B) during
conference. (C) so (D) except
(A) whose (B) him
(C) he (D) who
118. Attendees of the computer course for using
the new accounting software purchased by
112. In order to reduce annual office operation the properties office found it very
, the manufacturer found a different (A) generous (B) productive
supplier that offered discounted contract (C) audible (D) hesitant
rates.
(A) expenses (B) accounts
(C) value (D) outcomes

119. The company requires all for the 126. A study to be conducted this fall to
job to have at least two years' experience in show the effects of demand for oil in Asia
computer programming. on international commerce.
(A) applying (B) applications (A) is expecting (B) expect
(C) applicants (D) applies (C) is expected (D) expected
120. During the month of August, customers 127. The trip to the new factory site will take
who a total purchase of $100 are twenty minutes from the main office
entitled to a 10 percent discount. downtown.
(A) proceed (B) exceed (A) extraordinarily (B) approximately
(C) multiply (D) rise (C) immediately (D) supposedly
121 . New tax laws were responsible for 128. calling a Sing-Co customer service
the decision to raise Dayton Motors' prices representative, please refer to the assembly
on their vehicles. manual provided with the printer.
(A) part (B) partly (A) By (B) Before
(C) parts (D) parting (C) Either (D) Whether
122. The clients from Tokyo managed to catch 129. Ms. Rainier told the interviewer that she
their flight the terrible traffic on the owes the success of her company to her
way to the airport. staff's creative promotional ideas and
(A) because of (B) nevertheless marketing skills.
(C) in spite of (D) although (A) strong (B) possible
(C) completed (D) dependent
123. The scientist wrote a report on the new

medical treatment and it to the 130. All recyclable materials must be put in the
pharmaceutical company. appropriate bins at the back entrance for
(A) traded (B) eliminated
(C) found (D) forwarded (A) removable (B) removal
(C) removed (D) to remove
124. Bellissima Designs is planning to add seven

more members to their design staff. 131. An additional fee will be charged to those
(A) current (B) recent customers wishing to delivery
(C) old (D) now within 24 hours.
(A) make sure (B) notice
(C) permit (D) guarantee
125. The regional director's at the board
meeting was specifically requested by the
CEO of Data-Scientific Inc. 132. Transair, formerly as Trans¬
(A) resistance (B) presence continental Airlines, has recently purchased
(C) occurrence (D) reluctance six new airplanes in order to increase their
number of European connections.
(A) knowing (B) has known
(C) known (D) knew

133. Mainframe Inc. re-signed a four-year 138. The newspaper stated that many buildings
agreement with the existing contractor, were damaged during the
Microbyte Computers, for the of earthquake, and estimated that the city
all their office computer systems. will spend more than 80 million dollars on
(A) remodeling (B) innovation repair.
(C) maintenance (D) instruction (A) severely (B) severe
(C) severity (D) severest
134. The reports from Gable Holding's market

research department will be completed 139. The president will the problems
the Toronto branch has had with team
(A) already (B) shortly management at the directors' meeting on
(C) rarely (D) previously Friday.
(A) speak (B) address
(C) comment (D) prevent
135. People with a history of heart disease
are advised to to the hospital for
monthly blood pressure tests. 140. Productivity increased by 5 percent this
(A) return (B) returned quarter, which is last year's rate of
(C) returning (D) returns 7 percent.
(A) lower (B) below
(C) reduced (D) small
136. exhibitors for the science equipment
expo are asked to register at the main gate
before setting up their displays.
(A) Total (B) All
(C) Each (D) Whoever
137. The new computers ordered by the PR

department were delivered this morning
but haven't been yet, so please
continue using the old ones until further
notice.
(A) purchased (B) conducted
(C) installed (D) monitored
Answers: p. 560
www nhantriwipt mm Arti »ai Tact 1 AZQ

"vfteÿfcliiig:,IJsed Tires- '•
Chambers Automotive is launching our first used tire recyciing program! in order to better serve
our customers and be more environment-friendly, Chambers will form a partnership with Tomoko
Tires in this new program. Ail of our customers are urged to donate their used tires
141. (A) suddenly
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. ; (D) whenever
possible so that they may be processed and used to create other tires or products.
Our store the used tires to the manufacturer, where they will be processed. By taking
142.'(A) -return
..
'
(B.) returned . : .
.
'
. . . .
.
:: "
(C) will return '''' *
: : :
(D) was returning
part in this program, not only will you be helping the environment, but with each donation,
Tomoko Tires is offering a $25 discount on your next purchase of any of their products.
If you would like more about this program or a list of Tomoko products carried by
;:.yf43„.'(A)'.details'-'- - - 'V;;--- - \.V.: *-ÿ•>-.' K-
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Chambers Automotive, you can visit our website at www.chamberauto.com or call us at 555-
3504.
rÿhorxrm/lof r~nm
Rowling Performing Arts Center

Mrs. Maureen Jolie
1847 Desert Crescent
Tombstone, AZ 85638
May 5
Dear Mrs. .Jolio.
Thank you for being such a loyal supporter of the Rowling Performing Arts Center. This year's
schedule of programs and performances promises to bo our best!
We noi iced that you have not yet subscribed for your season pass. This year we are giving
members an added special bonus. a season pass is purchased before the end of this
144. (A) Whether
month, you will receive a gift certificate for S5C at DiMaggio's Bar and Grill.
In addition, the renovations on our concert hall have been completed. The new sounds system
will work well with all the wonderful we have planned for this year
145.
\ v
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ÿ
|B):ÿ reservations .. ,
r v -"'V v-v '••• '; ;
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. (D). performances
'
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Please find an brochure with a listing of all events and performances for this season.
146. (A) enclosed
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There is also a price list and contact information. Thanks again for your generous support.
Sincerely,
Rebecca Kellogg
Season Director RPAC

From: Chris Carrel. Mars Corporation Human Resources

To: Jack Frost
Subject: Application Confirmation
On behalf of Mars Corporation, I am writing to that we received your application and

147. (A) understand
(B) confirm
(C) present
(D) require
resume for the assistant regional manager position. We received your documents on April 9. We
are very happy that our job listing generated so much and will be reviewing all applica-
148. (A) interests
(B) interesting
(C) interest
(D) interested
tions in the next few days. As the number of responses has been quite . we will need
149. (A) multiple
(0) notable
(C) debatable
(D) overwhelming
some time to set up interview appointments. If you are chosen for an interview, you will hear
from me within the next five days.
Thank you again for applying to Mars. Feel free to e-mail me if you have any additional questions.
A THCIT \M\M\At rthantrii/isaf mm

TFG Technical Training Services

48 Kennedy Plaza
Providence. Rl 1219851
Tom Tucker
152 Clambake Road
Pawtucket, Rl 02862
January 6
Dear Mr. Tucker,
We appreciate your taking part in TFG's in-office training course. Our staff has been going
through the comment cards submitted by recent trainees discovered that you have not
150. (A) until
(B) after
(C) and
(D)
yet become a member of TFG.
TFG is a company dedicated to enhancing the of its clients. We offer training courses in
151. (A) internships
(B) ability
(C) careers
(D) processes
management, accounting and computer skills, and can help you acquire the necessary profes¬
sional certification you may need for your job.
Anyone who has participated in one of our courses is offered the opportunity to our
152. (A) join &
O)
. (B) obtain:
(C) develop
(D) respond
organization for a free, two-month membership. I hope you will find TFG extremely helpful in
your professional life. Simply fill in the enclosed application form and return it to the address
above. Thank you for your time.
Sincerely yours,
Diane Simmons
TFG Providence Branch Director
Answers: p. 560

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153. What is the purpose of this notice? 154. What is suggested about the publication?
(A) To give instructions for submitting letters (A) It is an art magazine.
(B) To inform readers of a new magazine (B) It is a weekly publication.
(C) To request articles (C) It pays for article submissions.
(D) To introduce a new editor (D) It doesn't accept letters by fax.
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PINE VALLEY PAPER PRODUCTS INC.

954 21st St., Spokane, WA 99082
Olivia Jung
Office Manager
Synertech Industries
43 S. Main
Boise, ID 99076
Dear Ms. Jung,
I am writing to inform you that Pine Valley Paper Products will be moving to our new build¬
ing in Spokane on May 25. Our new address is 954 21st Street, WA 99082. Our new phone
number is (509)555-0950 and our fax number is (509)555-0951. Our mill and production
plant will remain in Lewiston at 98 Riverside Drive. And our website address will also stay
the same at www.pinevalpaper.net.
I am enclosing a copy of our newest catalog. It includes several new products which your
company might find interesting.
As always, we at Pine Valley value your business and hope to continue providing you with
excellent service and products in the future.
Yours truly,
Director of Sales
Pine Valley Paper Products Inc.
155. What is the purpose of the letter? 156. What is enclosed with the letter?
(A) To provide production information (A) A product sample
(B) To inform a client of an address change (B) An order form
(C) To describe new products (C) A catalog
(D) To offer a new delivery service (D) A brochure
/iQA _ W-3/-1/zsrc TACir- Pa-a/-ISr*r-i \Ai\At\M mm

r
travel and ÿHospitality Convention
The !()' ;innu;il Xorili Ameriean l'ra\el and I iospitality Convention will he held I his
\ear from April .1 in April ÿ). i he Chateau Mmaine (".mucin inn (ienler iocaied iii Hani!.
Alberta will play host iu ihe convention and events iliis \ear. All those wishing In allend
can noisier online before March K! at www.nalhe.iiei. ()n-siie registration will also he
a\aiiahle on the fir->i da\ of ihe convention.
i.arly I'cgisiratinn:
Single: SI 10 (iroup: SI 00
( )n site ISegistraiion:
Single: SI.'50 (Iroup: SI 20
;'( Iroup rales are per person and require more than six people registering together at
the same time.
157. When is on-site registration available? 159. What restriction is placed on group rates?
(A) March 6 (A) Tickets must be paid in advance.
(B) March 12 (B) Attendees must be from the same
(C) April 5 company.
(D) April 9 (C) Payment must be made by credit card.
158. How much will a single visitor pay to

(D) Six people must register together.
I
register on March 1?
(A) $100
(B) $110
(C) $120
(D) $130

JOB OPENING: Computerworld, sales assistant
, The Vancouver branch of Computerworld is currently seeking a full-time sales

f assistant. The sales representative is responsible for customer service in the store
y and assisting the sales manager with special events or promotions.
Primary responsibilities include:

- in-store customer assistance
- outcalls for local businesses/organizations
- writing proposals and estimates
- operation of cash register for direct sales

- inventory
\ The ideal candidate for this position should have a basic understanding of computers. J
J Other requirements include use of word processing and simple accounting programs, 1
ÿ and excellent people skills. Previous experience in computer sales is preferred, but ÿ
I I
| not a requirement. §
f Those interested in this position may e-mail a resume and cover letter to Melinda ]
j Gates at mgates@comworldvan.com.
160. What position is Computerworld advertising? 161. According to the advertisement, what is
(A) Inventory manager mentioned as a requirement for the job?
(B) Sales representative (A) Programming expertise
(C) Accountant (B) A business degree
(D) Computer programmer (C) Computer knowledge
(D) Experience in writing reports
AQ« _ Warfare TOFif Rpÿrlinn www.rs hantriviet.com

Questions 162-165 refer to the following schedule.
Pan-European Pilots Association (PEPA)

Career Fair
March 2, 10:00 a.m. to 6:00 p.m.
Grand Ducal Hotel
Milan, Italy
Schedule of Events
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162. For whom is this event most likely intended? 164. What will be offered in the Vittorio Room?
(A) Airline executives (A) A seminar on new aircraft
(B) Pilots (B) Advice on job application
(C) Flight attendants (C) Information on piloting schools
(D) Personnel managers (D) A workshop on aviation technology
163. What is the association president scheduled 165. What will NOT be held at the hotel?
to discuss? (A) Company exhibitions
(A) The future of the airline industry (B) Registration
(B) Innovations in flight technology (C) Job counseling
(C) Career advancement through training (D) Lunch
workshops
(D) The development of strong resume

Klondike Historical Preservation Society

325 Range Road
Whitehorse, Yukon Y1A 2C6
Canada
Joanna Saunders
7582 Swan Lake Road
Vernon, BC VOE 1W2
Jan. 22
Dear Ms. Saunders,
I would like to extend our thanks for your support during the Klondike Historical
Preservation Society's annual fundraiser. This year's country fair was even more
successful than we expected.
In the past few years, the number of people attending the fair has increased dra¬
matically. It is thanks to volunteers like you that we are able to host such a large
number of visitors. Without this support, we would be incredibly understaffed.
I am pleased to report that $85,000 was raised at the fair this year, which far sur¬
passes any record set at previous fairs. The funds will be used in the restoration
of historic buildings in the downtown area.
Thank you again for all your help and support.
Jennifer Lumley
President, Klondike Historical Preservation Society
166. What is the purpose of the letter? 168. According to the letter, how was the recent
(A) To request donations event different from previous events?
(B) To thank a volunteer for support (A) It provided more activities.
(C) To provide information about an event (B) It was held at a larger location.
(D) To ask for help with a fundraiser (C) It raised more money.
(D) It was held downtown.
167. Who most likely is Ms. Lumley?
(A) A town official
(B) A history professor
(C) An administrator of an organization
(D) A volunteer for the event

I
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169. When did the subway resume regular 171. Who does Courtney Smith work for?
service? (A) The Urbania city council
(A) Monday (B) Cobain Transport
(B) Tuesday (C) A utility company
(C) Saturday (D) An engineering firm
(D) Sunday
170. According to the article, what possibly

caused the electrical problem?
(A) A breakdown of the generator
(B) A computer error
(C) A water leak
(D) A malfunction at the power station

xanct:
Forest Lawn Country Club is now accepting applications for new memberships!
Please bo aware of the following dates:

\i.iv 7: linal dav of submissions ior membership applicants
Aiav IH: Coif ourse closed for mainlenaiuv
>
\ia\ 2-v Meeting lor hoard of directors ;membership selection

Mav ?>\ : Welcome barbecue for new members
"1 hi- sw miming facilities will op-'n for all member ibis weekend. I'he hours will be L) a.m.
to 8 p.m. on weekdays and 7 a.m. to 10 p.m. on weekends, junior men's and women's golf
lessons will begin this month. You can ask for a form and register at the front desk.
Pie.!:-;' no!:-:
i he outdoor patio is now open. i'lease remember thai all members using the patio are re-
uuesjed !oonl\ smoke in the specified areas.
!'hi vse w lu: would like io rent a kicker for iliis season .nv .r-kcd io contact \K Simmons al
the housekeeping office.
Also, remember there is no parking aUoued in front or llie main enirance. \nv \ chicles
'•'-'ike-.! ip liiai .ire.: will he lowed ai Ihe owner's expense.
*If vou have any other questions, please contact Lois Robinson at 555-6996 extension 4.
172. For whom in the Forest Lawn Country Club 174. How can members register for a golf lesson?
is the notice intended? (A) By contacting the instructor
(A) Housekeeping staff (B) By filling out a form at the front desk
(B) Sports instructors (C) By calling Lois Robinson
(C) Members (D) By asking the director for an application
(D) Board of directors
175. What will happen if a vehicle is parked in
173. When will the golf course be closed for front of the main entrance?
maintenance? (A) The owner will be fined.
(A) May 7 (B) The driver will lose his membership.
(B) May 10 (C) The vehicle will be towed away.
(C) May 25 (D) The member will lose parking privileges.
(D) May 31
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176. What is the article mainly about? 179. The word "estimated" in paragraph 1, line 7
(A) A company's sales reports is closest in meaning to
(B) A business acquisition (A) charged
(C) A research project (B) quoted
(D) A new factory construction (C) lined
(D) deducted
177. What does Mr. Nedrickson expect the
partnership to produce? 180. What do analysts predict about SCT
(A) A reduction in office expenses Electronics?
(B) Additional funds for expansion (A) It will go out of business.
(C) New opportunities in the Southeast Asian (B) It will expand its range of products.
market (C) It will make a profit in the next quarter.
(D) An increase in company share value (D) It will downsize the number of its
employees.
178. What is suggested in the article?
(A) Bangkor will downsize SCT Electronics.
(B) Experts forecasted the takeover.
(C) SCT is a profitable company.
(D) Bangkor Technologies is located in
Malaysia.

Questions 181-185 refer to the following e-mail and billing statement.
TO: Ann Wilson, Customer Service Department, SHSS

FROM: Nancy Francis. Puget Sound Consulting
SUBJECT: Question about billing statement
Ireceived the billing statement from your company for the recent installation of our office's
new security system. We are very pleased with all the equipment and feel that our facilities ;
are now much more secure.

?
;< '
Idid have one question about the bill. Your sales representative Kurt Vainar told us there :
would be no charge for installation of any equipment we purchased under the unit price of j
$100. However, the statement lists a $50 charge for the installation of items that cost only j
$70 (Please see the attachment.). Could you please contact me concerning this error as soon
as possible? Please call me at (509)555-4678 within the next two days, as Iwill be leaving ;
for my vacation.
Thanks for your time.

5 , ijjjl
; Sincerely,
i Nancy Francis
Director, Puget Sound Financial Consulting Services
BILLING STATEMENT
Saint Helena Security Services (SHSS)
3459 Olympic Boulevard, Tacoma, WA 99367
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855 42r.c! El/ssi 2-T-' Spin! Building Sssilie WA NU/iViBER: V-435
SUBMIT PAYMENT '-"C: Saint Helena Security Services

P.O. Box 22872
Tacoma. WA 99367
T;"i?.n;\ you for choosing 3H3S as youi secLÿiLy service provider. Vv'e hope io continue io
, suoolv veu v.'iih all vour
i \ J J J
needs Please conlaci us ai (509)555-4376
security/
J <
or e-mail us at
'
queries6shsa.net ior sddiiionai infos mation or questions.
504 -- Hackers TOEIC Readinq www.nhantriviet.com

181. What type of business is Puget Sound 184. What was supposed to be installed for free?
Consulting? (A) Locks
(A) A financial service provider (B) Motion detectors
(B) A security firm (C) Cameras
(C) An advertising company (D) Security lights
(D) A conference organizer
185. What is NOT mentioned in the statement?
182. Why did Ms. Francis write the e-maii? (A) Contact information
(A) To complain about a product (B) Customer's address
(B) To request a price estimate (C) Bank account number
(C) To ask about a billing mistake (D) Total service price
(D) To enquire about new office space
183. When is Ms. Wilson advised to call Ms.

Francis?
(A) By April 7
(B) By April 9
(C) By April 10
(D) By April 12

TO: lithia Kveridge

FKOM: Barn- Humphries
| SUI5.JKCT: Shipment to Macau

DATK: .lanunrv ~
Iam the relocation manager for Divine Investment Group. We currently have a branch
office in Seoul, which we plan to move to Macau at the beginning of March.
We are looking for a dependable relocation company to carry out the move. Our current
j moving company is Interline Moving, and they do not have as many connections in Asia
as your company, which tends to hold things up. There will be three separate shipments,
with the first tentatively scheduled for the end of February.
The first two shipments will include office furnishings and computer equipment, and our
third shipment will be documents. Ido not believe any of the shipments separately will
qualify for your discount. However, Ibelieve the weight of all three shipments together
will be above your required minimum. In this case, would you be willing to offer us the
reduced shipping rate?
Please contact me at your earliest convenience so that we can discuss your prices in detail.
Thank you for your time.
Sincerely,
Barry Humphries
[
THCir PiQsrlmrf www.nhaHfriidCT.tom

186. What is NOT indicated about Trans-Contin¬ 189. What can be inferred about Interline Moving?
ent Relocation Services? (A) It doesn't have as many Asian branches
(A) it has branches in 35 countries. as Trans-Continent.
(B) It operates a fleet of planes. (B) Its shipping rates are higher than
(C) It owns several transport ships. Trans-Continent.
(D) It offers a discount to some customers. (C) It has not been in business as long as
Trans-Continent.
187. Why does Barry Humphries write to Ms. (D) its customer service is not as profes¬
Everidge? sional as Trans-Continent.
(A) To ask about shipping fragile items
internationally 190. What does Mr. Humphries indicate that
(B) To discuss the possibility of doing Divine Investment Group will do in the
business with Trans-Continent future?
(C) To request a meeting with a sales (A) It will purchase new computer
representative equipment.
(D) To find out about maximum weight (B) It will ship more than 8,000 pounds of
allowances belongings.
(C) It will build its new Asian headquarters
188. What is indicated about Divine Investment offices.
Group? (D) it will purchase new office furniture,
(A) It is a computer manufacturer.
(B) It offers financial advice to investors.
(C) It is opening a new office in Macau.
(D) It provides shipping services in Asia.
wvvw.nhantriviet.com Actual Test 2 - 507

Questions 191-195 refer to the following letter and e-mail.
as
TO: Katie Sagal

| FROM: Kelly Bundy
! DATE: January 11
Dear Ms. Sagal,

First, I want to apologize for this mistake. Mr. O'Neil just started working in the building and was
not aware that the cost of parts for all utilities is covered under Royal Suites' rental contracts.
I will reimburse you for the amount you requested. I can either send you a check or deposit the
money directly into your account. Please e-mail me back and let me know which method you
prefer.
You have been a loyal tenant, and we hope you will continue to enjoy living in Royal Suites.
Sincerely,
Kelly Bundy, Building Manager
508 - Hackers TOEIC Readincs www.nhantriviet.com

191. For how long has Ms. Sagal lived at Royal 194. In the e-mail, the word "covered" in paragraph
Suites? 1, line 2 is closest in meaning to
(A) Two years (A) concealed
(B) Four years (B) revealed
(C) Ten years (C) charged
(D) Fourteen years (D) included
192. Why did Ms. Sagal contact Ms. Bundy? 195. How much money does Ms. Bundy agree to
(A) To report a problem with the heating send to Ms. Sagal?
system (A) $100
(B) To request a reimbursement (B) $160
(C) To ask about rental costs (C) $200
(D) To order a new control box (D) $360
193. Who most likely is Mr. O'Neil?

(A) A building maintenance worker
(B) An engineer
(C) A deliveryman
(D) A building manager

J i-1
§|Mill|l|gSlS|t|t§ilil|ll§8slf8Slt|II!lÿ
| I- ROM: Stephanie Heucham
j SI BJHCI: Arctic Natural Resource ( 'onlerencj
Dear Mr. Scheider,

Iam a reporter for Canada Naturalists, a publication which deals with the preservation and protection of
natural resources in Canada. Iam writing about the Arctic Natural Resource Conference scheduled for
July 12 at the Arctic Conservation Society.
Iwill be unable to attend the first two days of the conference, as Ihave several interviews to conduct in
New York and will be travelling back to Calgary at that time. However, Inoticed in your brochure that
you have made provision for journalists to listen to the presentations and participate in the question and
answer periods online. Iwould appreciate farther instructions about the online sessions. Iexpect to have
Internet access on July 12 and 13 from 6:00 a.m. (10:00 a.m. Pacific Daylight Time). Iam interested in
the following events, and would like to know which ones Iwould be able to take part in.
- Mining in the Arctic
- Wildlife Protection in Polar Regions
- Climate and Environmental Changes
- The Yellowknife Environmental Coalition
Thank you for your help in this matter.
QS!
TO: Stephanie Meacliam j
FROM: Ro\ Scheider. Director of the Arctic Conservation Society j

Sl.'li.!l'( T: Conference j
DAT!\: June 1 I ÿÿ
Dear Ms. Beacham, J

Thank you for your inquiry. We will indeed be providing reporters with access to all events that will take j
place at the conference via the Internet here at our headquarters in Anchorage. You can take part in these j
events through the method listed below: ;
1. Register as an online participant at www.ANRC.com. Once your application has been approved, you
will be sent a password to your e-mail account.
2. On the day and time you wish to participate, please type in your username and password. This will
open a window that will live stream all presentations.
3. For our question and answer periods, an instant messenger box is available for you to type questions.
We apologize if not all questions can be answered.
The schedule for the events you are interested in are as follows (all times listed are Pacific Daylight Time):
- Mining in the Arctic... July 12, 9:00-10:00 a.m.
!
- Wildlife Protection in Polar Regions...July 12, 1:00-3:00 p.m. ; j
- Climate and Environmental Changes. ..July 13, 9:00-1 1 :00 a.m. ;
_1
ÿ
J?
L - The Yellowknife Environmental Coalition...July 13, 3:00-5:00 p.m.
rnnr n www.nhantriviet.com
196. Why did Ms. Beacham write the e-mail? 199. What is NOT required if Ms. Beacham wants
(A) To request schedule of presentations to take part in the online session?
(B) To subscribe to a magazine (A) Registration
(C) To schedule a meeting (B) A password
(D) To ask about event participation (C) Application approval
(D) A payment
197. Where is the Arctic Conservation Society
located? 200. Which talk will Ms. Beacham probably be
(A) New York unable to participate in?
(B) Yellow-knife (A) Mining in the Arctic
(C) Anchorage (B) Wildlife Protection in Polar Regions
(D) Calgary (C) Climate and Environmental Changes
(D) The Yellowknife Environmental Coalition
198. In the first e-mail, the word "provision" in
paragraph 2, line 3 is closest in meaning to
(A) arrangements
(B) supplies
(C) goods
(D) appointments
>
c
EL
Answers: p. 560
www.nhantriviet.com Actual Test 2 511

An asterisk (*) shows the frequency of the items found in gauge [geidj]* v. (= measure)
Parts 5 and 6 of the TOEIC test. The items without an get through* phr.
asterisk are often given in incorrect answer choices. good [gud] a.
goods [gudz] re. (= item, merchandise)
Day 1 _ habit [hsebit] * n.
abandon [absendan] v. habitual [habit/ual] a.

ability [abilati] n. idea [aidi:a]* n.
accept [aksept]* v. ideal [aidi:al]* a.

acceptable [akseptabl]* a. idealistically [aidialistikali] ad.
accidentally [seksidentali]* ad. idealize [aidi:alaiz] v.
accomplish [akdniplij] v. ideally [aidf:ali] ad.
according to* prep. in an effort to** phr.
acknowledge [sekndlidj]* v. international [mtarna&Janal]** a. (= global)
at all times*" phr. internationally [intarnae/anali]* ad.
a variety of** phr. lasting [lsestiq]* a.

a vested interest* phr. latch [laetj] n.
baggage allowance* phr. magnification [msegnafakeifan] n.
balance [bselans] n. maintain [meintein]** v. (= preserve, assert)
be absent from** phr. name [neim]** v. (= nominate)

calculate [kselkjuleit] v. namely [neimli] ad.
calculated [keelkjuleitid] a. obey [oubei] v.
calculation [k&lkjuleijbn]* n. paint [peint]** v.
care for** phr. paper [peipar]* n.
catch one's attention* phr. per [par]* prep.
comprehensive [kamprihensiv]** a. rainfall [reinf5:l]* n.
damage [dsemidj]** n., v. raise [reiz]** v. (= elevate)
damaged [dajmidjd]** a. safekeeping [seifkf:piq]* n.
damaging [dasmidgig] a. season [sl:zan] v.
damagingly [da&midjigli] ad. seasonal [srzanal]** a.
deal with** phr. seasoning [sl:zanig] n.
decide [disaid] v. suitable [s/u:tabl] a.
deciding [disaidiq] a. suitably [sjii:tabli] ad.
decision [disi3an]** n. tactics [tsektiks] n.
decisive [disaisiv] a. (= critical) talk [ta:k]** v., n.
eager [fcger] a. to the point** phr.
eagerly [i:garli] ad. wage [weid3]* n.

eagerness [i:garnis] n. wrongly [ro.gli] ad.
earn [a:rn]** v.
engage in* phr.
faint [feint] a. Day 2_
fall in value* phr. abate [abeit]* v.
fluently [flii:antli] ad. abduct [eebdAkt] v.
found [faund]* v. accelerate [akselareit]* v.
foundation [faundeijan]* n. access [askses]** n.

founder [faundar]* n. accessible [aksesabl]* a.
gap [gsep]* n. accessory [aksesari] n.
gate [geit]** n. accordingly [ako:rdigli] ad.
c;1A __ Harkprc TOFif Rpÿrlinn www.nhantriviet.com

at one's expense** phr. quality [kwdlati]** n.
barely [berli]* ad. randomize [raendamaiz] v.
barring [bd:riiÿ]** prep. randomly [rsendamli]* ad. (= irregularly)
belong [bilorj] v. rapid [rsepid]** a.
belongings [bilogigz]* n. rapidly [rsepidli]** ad.
call [ko:l]* v. rate [reit]** n. (= percentage)
call for** phr. rating [reitiq] n.
campaign [kasmpein]* n. sale [seil]** n.
continual [kantmjual] a. spontaneously [spanteiniasli] ad.
continually [kantmjuali]** ad. superior [sapfariar]* a.
continuation [kantinjueijan] n. talented [tselantid]* a.
continue [kantinju:]*" v. tariff [teerif] n.
continuity [kdntaii/u:atib n. trouble [tribl]** v., n.
continuous [kantinjuas] a. ultimate [Altamit] a.
decline [diklain]* a (= reject) understand [Andarstsend]** v.
decline in* phr. understandable [Andarstsendabl] a.
easily [i:zali]** ad. understanding [Andarstaendirjl** n., a.
easiness [i:zinis] n. uniform [ju:naf5:rm]* n.
easy [l:zi]** a. vacancy [veikansi] n.
established company* phr. vacant [veikmt]* a.
forever [farevar] ad. vacate [veikeit]** v.
gear [giar] n., v. valor [ve§la.r] n,
handle [haendl]** v. weaken [wl:kan] v.
have an influence on* phr. weakness [wi:knis] n.
health [hel0]** n. whole [houl] a.
healthful [helQful] a.
in a timely manner** phr. %
intricate [intrakit]** a. Day 3 _ !=f.
03
irregularly [iregjalaiii] ad. accomplice [akamplis] n.

just enough + to-infinitive** phr. accord [ak5:rd] n.
Q
keep track of* phr. account [akaunt]** n.
lag behind* phr. accountable [akauntabl] a. £?
"O
CD
lease [li:s]** v., n. accountably [akauntabli] ad. 3
lecture [lektjar]* n. accounts payable department** phr.
mail [meil] v. acquaint [akweint] v.
mailing [meilig]* n. at the latest** phr.
make checks payable to A* phr. be exempt from** phr.
narrow [nserou] v., a.
narrow down A to B-* phr.
beneath [bim:0] prep.
beneficial [benafijal]* a. (= advantageous) i
object [abd3ekt]* v. beneficiary [benafijlerij n.
objection [abdÿekfan] n. benefit [benefit]** n.
objective [abdjektiv]** n., a. bid [bid] v., it.
objectively [abdjektivli] ad. broad [bro:d]* a.
oblivious [ablivias] a. broaden [bro:dan]** v.
parallel [pseralel]* a. broadly [brd:dli] ad.
qualified [kwdlafaid]* a. calm [ka:m] a.
qualify for** phr. calmly [kd:mli]** ad.
www.n hantriviet.com Essential Vocabulary & Expressions - 515

calmness [ka minisJ n. satisfy [saetisfaij v.
candidate [kgendideitj* n. satisfying fssetisfaiig] a,
common scrutinize [skru:tanaiz] v.

commonly send A to B* phr.
decrease ~ - sure [juajrj* a.
delegate [cielageitl* v., n. take care of* phr.
delegation [delageifan]** n. tend [tend]* t>.
early [auiij** a,, ad, under construction** phr.
faction [faskfan]* «. union [jiirnjan] n.
famished [Mniift] a. update [Apdeit]** v.
finished product** phr. verify [verafai] * a
generalization -;fan] B, what the future holds for someone** phr.
generalize [dgei:
generally
generate [dgenareitj** a {= produce) Day 4__
generate funds* phr. above all* phr.
graceful [greisful] a. accommodate [akdmadeit]** v. (= lodge)
gracefully [greisfuli]* ad. accurate [aekjaritj* a.
handcrafted [hasncfkraeftid]* a. accurately [sekjaritli]** ad.
higher salary* phr. at the time + clause* phr.
identical [aiclentikal] a. be accompanied by** phr.
identifiable [aidentafaiabl] a. be reliant on** phr.
identification [aidentafakeifan]** n. border [bo:rdar] n., v.
identify [aidentafai] v. capacity [kaps§sati]** n.
Identity [aidentati] rt. care [ker] v.
illustrate [fiastreitl* v. careful [kerfulj** a.
illustrator ffiastreitarj* n. carefully [kerfuli]* ad.
impact [impsektj, [impa§ktj* v. carelessly [kerlislij* ad.
intuitive [irit/ii:itiv] a. check A for B phr.
late [leit]** a., ad. dedicate [dedakeit]** a
lately [leitli]** ad. dedicated [dedakeitid]** a.
lateness [leitnis] n. dedication [dedakeij'an] n.
latest [leitist]* a. deem [di:m] a
lessen flesan] v. defy description* phr.
maneuver [mamkvar] a degree [digri:] n.
negotiation [nigoujieifan]** n. elect [ilekt]** a
obligate [dblageit] v. election [ilekjan] n.
obtain A from B** phr. eliminate [ilimaneit]* v.
pass [pues]* p., n. fare [fer] n.
payment upon delivery* phr. fill [fil]* a
reach [ri:tf] ** v. find out phr.
reaction [risekjan]* n. give in to* phr.
react to* phr. grant [graentj** a
satisfaction [sffitisfaekjan]** n. have A in common* phr.
satisfactorily [sÿtisfsektarili] ad. honor [dnar]** v. (= respect)
satisfactory [sMisfsektarij** a. impair [imper] a
satisfied [ssetisfaid]* a. improvement in* phr.

job description* phr. Day 5
lend [lend.]** v. accompany [akAmpani]* v.
lender [lentlarj** n. accountant [akaimtent]** n.
level [levl]** n. accounting [akauntig] n.
master [maestar] v. acutely [akju:tli] ad.
need [ni:d]** v., n. at your earliest convenience* phr.
neediness [m:dinis] n. beside [bisaid] ** prep.
needlessly [m;dlisli] ad. besides [bisaidz]* prep ad.
needy [m:di] a. blend [blend] v.
neuter [nju:tar] v., a. budget [bAcigit] * v.
neutral [ii/urtral] a, categorize [kastagaraiz] v.
neutrality [njiKtrselati]** n. category [ksetag5:ri] n.
neutralize [nju:tralaiz] v. claim [kleim] v., n.
neutrally [n/u:trali] ad. concisely [kansaisli] ad.
neutron [njuitran] n. defend [difend] v.
partial [pd:r/al] a. economic [ekandmik]* a.
partially [pd:rj'ali]* ad. economical [ekandmikal]** a.
partition [pcnrtfjan] n. economically [ekandmikali] ad.
partner [pd:rtna.r] n. economics [ekandmiks]* n.
patronize [peitranaiz]* v. economist [ikdnamist] n.
permanent [permanent]** a. economize [ikdnamaiz] v.
quick [kwik]** a. economy [ikanami]** n.
quicken [kwikan] v. favor [feivar] n.
quickly [kwikli] ad. favorable [feivarabl]* a. (= promising)
quickness [kwiknis] n. favorably [feivarabli]** ad.
rare [rer] a. favorite [feivaritj a.
salvage [saelvidj] n. growing [grouig]* a.
scent [sent]* n. growth [grouG] n.
search [sa:rtj] v. impart [impd:rt] v.
still [stil]** ad. in accordance with + regulation** phr.
technical [teknikal]* a. irrelevant [irelavant] * a.
technical description** phr. keep in touch with** phr.
technicality [teknikaelati] n. keep records of** phr.
technically [teknikali]* ad. keep the appointment* phr.
technician [tekmjan] n. largely [ldÿdjli]** ad.
technique [teknf:k] n. lead to + noun* phr.
technology [tekndladji] n. leverage [levaridj] n.
temporal [temparal] a. license [laisans]* n.
temporarily [temparerali]** ad. lift [lift] v.
temporary [tempareri] a. limited capacity* phr.
unanimous [ju:neenamas]* a. make sure + that-clause** phr.
valid [vaelid]* a. manners [mamarz] n.
validation [vsladeijan] n. marginal [mdrrdjinl]* a.
view [vju:] v., n. marginally [mdrrdjinali] ad.
weight [weit] n. match [maetjl* v.
willing [wlliq]* a. neglect [niglekt] v.
willingness [wilignis] n. next to* phr.
www.nhantriviet.com Essential Vocabulary & Expressions - 517

obstruct [abstrAkt]* v. builder [bfldar] n.
occasion [akeijan] n. built-in [biltfn]* a.
occasional [akeijansl] a. bulk [bAlk]* n.
occasionally [akeijanali]* ad. cause [ko:z] ??., v.
on behalf of phr. certifiable [sa:rtafaiabl] a.
pattern [psetarn] n. certification [sa:rtaf!kei/an]** n.
pay [pei]** v. certified [sairtafaid] a.
payment [peimant] n. certify [sa:rtafai]* v.
periodic [piriddik] a. check in* phr.
periodically [pirlddikali]* ad. collaborate [kalsebareit]* v.
place A on standby* phr. command [kamaend] v.
play [plei] v., n. (= drama) construe [kanstru:] v.
pronouncement [pranaunsmant] n. declaratory [diklserat5:ri] a.
recite [risait] v. declared fdiklerd] a.
refrain from + V-ing* phr. deflate [dkfleit] v.
resign [rizain] v. emerge [imaÿdg] v.
resignation [rezigneijan]** n. employ [imploi] v.
resigned [rizaind] a. employed [impldid] a.
resignedly [rizaiaidli] ad. employee [imploii:]** n.
seem [si:m] v. employer [imploiar]* n.
select [silekt] a employment [imploimant]** n.
selection [silekjan]* n. feature [fi:t/ar]** n.
specific [spisifik]** a. (= certain) featured [fi:t/ard] a.
specifically [spisifikali] ad. find [faind]* v.
specification [spesafikei/an] n. findings [faindigz]* n.
specification for* phr. grip [grip] v.
specify [spesafai] v. (= state) guided tour* phr.
straightly [streitli] ad. implement [implement]* v.
surface [sa;rfis] n. inability [inabilati] n.
sustained [sasteind] a. likelihood [laiklihud]** n.
tenant [tenant] n. likely [laikli]** a.
tire [taiar]* v. likeness [laiknis] n.
wellness [welnis] n. make requests* phr.
mark [ma:rk] v.
markedly [ma:rkidli]* ad.
Day 6_ measure [mejar] v.
above one's expectation* phr. obtain [abtein]** v.
accost [aka:st] v. occupancy [akjupansi] n.
accrue [akru:]* v. (= accumulate) occupant [dkjupant] n.
accumulate [akju:mjuleit] v. occupation [akjupeijan]** n.
accumulation [akju:mjuleifan] n. occupy [akjupai] v.
achievement [atji:vmant] n. office efficiency* phr.
adamantly [cedamantli] ad. penalty [penalti] n.
be aimed at* phr. pending [pendig] a.
block [blak] v., n. pessimistically [pesamistikali] ad.
brochure [broujuar]** n. possibility [pasabilati]* n.
build [bild]** v. probabilistic [prababalistik] a.

probable [prababl]** a, fill in Iout* phr.
probably [prdbabli]* ad. finish [finif]* c.
reason [ri:zan] n, finished [flnijt]** a.
reasonable [rl:zanabl3* a. give out phr.
remark [rimdirk] n., v. (= comment) hard [ha:rd]** a.
remarkably [rimd:rkabli] ad. harden [hdxdsn] v.
represent [reprizent] v. hardened [hd:rdand] a.
representative [reprizentativj** n, hardly [lid:rdli]** ad.
seat [si:t]** n., v. hardness [hd:rdnis] n.
sect [sekt] n. have an impact on* phr.
sentence [sentans] v. immune [imju:n] a.
sign out* phr. impartial [impd:r/al] a.
take A into account* phr. impartiality [impcnrfiselati] n.
take over** phr. impartially [impd:rjali]* ad.
under the new management** phr. imply [implai]** v.
unused lAiijii'zd]** a. impose [impouz] v.
utility [ju:tilati] n. in addition phr.
utilization [ju:talizeifan]** n. in addition to* phr.
utilize [ju:telaizj* v. incidence [msidans] n.
utilizer [ju:tslaizar] n. incident [xnsidant] n.
with the aim of* phr. incidental [insidental]** a.
incidentally [insidentali] ad.
lax [leeks] * a.
Day 7 leave for* phr.
adapt [adsept]* v. limited [llmitid]** a.
adaptation [ffidapteijan] n. make up for* phr.
caution [k5:/an]* n. marriage [mgeridjJ* n.
cautious [kd:Jas] a. material [matiarial]* n.
cautiously [k5:Jasli]** ad. materialistic [matiariallstik] a.
chance [t/sens]** n. meet one's needs* phr.
charge [tfa:rdj]** v. nominal [ndmanl]** a.
commute [kamju:t]** v. nominally [ndmanali] ad.
definitive [difinativ]** a. notice [noutis]** n.
defy [difai]* v. noticeable [noutisabl] a.
demand [dimamd]** v. (= request) occur [aka:r] v. {= happen)
demanding [dimsendig]** a. odor [oudar] n.
demandingly [dimaendigli] ad. pay increase* phr.
depend on* phr. perform [parfo:rm]* 7).
desirable [dizaiarabl]* a. performance [parfo:rmans]** n.

efficiency [ifijansi]** n. perish [perif] v.
efficient [ifijant]** a. perishable [perijabl]** a.
efficiently [ififantli]** ad. a question concerning /about* phr.
encase [inkeis] v. raise questions* phr.
enormously [inorrmasli] ad. receptacle [riseptakl]** n.
every hour on the hour* phr. reception [risepjan]* n.
fast [faest]** a., ad. receptionist [risepjanist] n.
fee [fi:] n. receptiveness [riseptivnis] n.

recipient [rislpiant] n. mildly [maildli] ad.
recline [riklain] v. no later than* phr.
recognize [rekagnaizl** p. notification [noutafakeijan]* n.
recommend [rekamend]* v. notify [noutafai]** v.
set [set]* v. novelty [ndvalti] n.
setting [setirj] n. offer [5:far]** v.
shake [JeikJ* v. office [5:fis]** n.
strictly [striktli] ad. omission [oumijan] n.
terminate [ta:rmaneit]* v. on one's own* phr.
track [traek] n. permission [parmifan] n.
tradition [tradijan] n. permissive [parmisiv] a.
transcribe [trsenskraib]** v. permit [parmit]** v.
unwavering [Anweivarig]* a. place an emphasis on* phr.
precaution [priko:Jan]** n.
promotional offers* phr.
Day 8_ quiet [kwaiat] a.
acquire [akwaiar]* v. quietly [kwaiatli]* ad.
addition [adij'an] n. quietness [kwaiatnis] n.
additional [adijanl]* a. real [ri:al] a.
additionally [adljanali] ad. realism [r!:alizm] n.
address [adres]** v.., n. realist [rf:alist] n.
book [buk] v. realistic [riralistik]* a.
characteristic [kseriktaristik]* n. realistically [ri:allstikali]** ad.
chart [tja:rt] n. reality [rieelati] n.
climb [Maim] v. realize [rl:alaiz] v.
consciously [kdnjasli] ad. record [riko:rd]* v.
credible [kredabl] a. regard A as B" phr.
credit [kredit] n., v. safety precautions** phr.
creditable [kreditabl] a. scarce [skers] a.
delay [dilei] * v. (= postpone) scarcely [skersli] ad.
derivation [deraveijan] n. shield [Ji:ld] v.
derive [diraiv] v. spend time /money on something*4 phr.
electron [ilektran] n. stringently [strindjaxitli] ad.
electronic [ilektrdnik] a. take advantage of** phr.
electronically [ilektrdnikali]** ad. take steps* phr.
electronics [ilektrdniks] n. unattached [Anataetft] a.
encircle [insa:rkl] v. unavailable [inaveilabl]* a.
finance [fingens] n. until further notice** phr.
financial [finainfal]** a. upcoming [Apklmiq]** a.
financially [flnsenfali] ad. valuable [vseljuabl] a.
financing [finsensiq] n. valuation [vseljueijan] n.
fire [faiar]** v. value [vaelju:]** k., v.
guard [ga:rd] v. valued [vBelju:d]** a.
improve [impru:v]** v. with reference to phr.
improvement [imprurvmsiit]** n. work [wa:rk]** n., v. (= labor, operate)
inaugurate [ind:gjureit]* v. workplace [wa:rkpleis]* n.
line [lain] n.
520 - Hackers TOEIC Readinci wvvvv.n ha ntriviet.com

Day 9 place [pleis]* v.
act [asktj v. placement [pleismant] n. (= staffing)
active [sektiv]* a. potentially [patenfali]* ad.
actively [sektivli] ad. prospective employee* phr.
activeness [sektivnis] n. recent [ri:snt]** a.
activity [asktfvati]** n. recently [rirsntli]** ad.
advance [advsens]** n. redesign [ri:dizain]* v.
advantage [adveentidj]** n. securable [sikjuarabl] a.
adversely [aedva:rsli] ad. secure [sikjur] a., v.
be applied to* phr. securely [sikjurli]** ad.
check [tfek]** n., v. security [sikjuarati]* n.
choice [tjhis]* n. sensation [senseifan] n.
clear something through customs* phr. sense [sens]** n.
close [klouzj, [klous]** t>,, a. shock [jak]** v., n.
closed [klouzd]* a. shop [Jap] v.
closedown [klouzdaun] n. strongly [str5:qli]* ad.
closely [klousli]** ad. thorough [0a:rou] a.
closeness [klousnis] n. thoroughly [66:rouli]** ad.
comply [kamplai]** v. thoroughness [0a:rounis] n.
consequently [kansakwentli] ad. transfer [traeiisfa:r] , [trsensfa:r]* n.
develop into phr. transferable [trsensfa:rabl]** a.
encourage [inkKiidj]* v. transference [trsensfarrans] n.
encouragement [inkarridjmant]** n. unbiased [Anbaiast]* a.
encouraging [inkairidjig]* a. uncertain [Aiisa:rtan]* a.
except [iks6pt]** prep. unlimited miles** phr.
except for** prep. upgrade [Apgreid]* v.
excepting [ikseptig] prep. violation [vMalei/an]* n. (= infringement)
exception [iksepjan]** «. widely admired* phr.
exceptional [iksepjanl]** a. worth [wa:r9]** a., n.
exceptionally [iksepjanali]* ad. worthwhile [wa:r0iiwail] a.
fit [fit]* v. worthy [wa;r5i] a.
focus on** phr.
go shopping* phr.
impatient [impeijant] a. Day 10_
include [inklurd]** v. account for* phr.
inclusion [inklu.ÿan] n. add [sed] v.
inconsistency [inkansistansi]** n. addict [adikt] v.
list [list]* n., v. advance in** phr.
means [mi:nz]** n. advice [advais]** n.
mediation [mi:dieifdn] n. advisable [advaizabl]** a.
of one's choice** phr. advise [advaiz]** v.
operate [dpareit] v. (= work, run) advisor, adviser [aedvaizar]** n.
operation [apareijan]** n. advisory [advaizari] a.
operational [apareifanl]** a. afterwards [aeftarwardz] ad.
operative [apareitiv] a. announce [anauns]* v.
operator [dpareitar]* n. announcement [anaunsmant]" n.
peak [pi:k]** v. be associated with** phr.
www.nhantriviet.com Essential Vocabulary & txpressions - 521

boost [bu:st] v. petition [patifan] n.
broad knowledge* phr. phase [feiz] n.
clear A from B* phr. pledge [pledj] v.
collate [kaleit] v. precisely [prisaisli] ad.
concentrate [kdnssntreit]* v. redemption [ridempjan] n.
contributor to* phr. refine [rifain] v.
criticize [kritisaiz] * v. reflect [riflekt]** v. (= demonstrate)
current [kairant]* a. relate [rileit] v.
currently [ka:rantli]* ad. relation [rileijan]** n.
defective [difektiv]* a. relative [relativ] n., a.
delicate [delakit]* a. relatively [relativli]** ad.
deliver [dilivar]* v. series [srri:z] n.
deliverable [dillvarabl] a. shrink [jriqk]* v.
deliverance [dilivarans] n. tend + to-infinitive* phr.
delivery [dillvari]** n. translation [trsenslei/an]** n.
dramatic [dramastik]* a. undoubtedly [Andautidli]* ad.
dramatically [dramaetikali]** ad. usual [jtiÿual] a.
electric [ilektrikj a. usually [juÿuali]** ad.
electricity [ilektrisati]* n. withdraw [widdro:] v. (= take out)
endurance [indjuarans] n. withdrawal [widdro:al] n.
engrave [ingreiv]* v.
flow [flou] w., n.
happily [hsepali]* ad. Day 11_
imperative [imperativ]* a. (= essential) acquaint someone with someone /something* phr.
inconvenience [inkanvl:njans]* n. adequate [sedakwit]* a.
increase [inkrfis]** v. (= grow) adhere [sedMar] v.
increasing [inkri:siq]** a. adjust[adjAst] v.
increasingly [inkrf:sigli]** ad. agenda [adjenda]** n.
incur [inka:r] v. aggression [agrefan] n.
indecision [indisijan] n. aggressive [agresiv] a.
key [ki:]** a. aggressively [agresivli]** ad.
last [test]** a. aggressiveness [agresivnis] n.
lend A to B* phr. agree [agri:]** v.
locate [loukeit]** v. agreement [agri:mant]** n.
location [loukeifan]** n. ahead [ahed]** ad.
medic [medik] n. be aware of* phr.
medical [medikal]* a. be capable of** phr.
medically [medikali] ad. busy [bfzi] * a.
medicate [medikeit] v. chronological [kronalddjikal]* a.
medicinal [madisanal]* a. clarification [klserafakeijan]* n.
meet [mi:t]** v. (= satisfy, encounter) clarify [Haerafai]** v.
moreover [morrouvar] ad. clarity [klaerati] n.
on the recommendation of* phr. clear [Mir]** a,, v.
opponent [apounant] n. clearance [klirans] n.
opportunity [apartu:nati] n. clearly [klirli]** ad.
oppose [apottz] v. clearness [klirnis] n.
opposition [apazifan]** n. collaborate on** phr.

commitment to** phr. procession [prase/an] n.
consider [kansidar]** v. refresh [rifref] v.
considerable [kansidarabl]** a. refreshment [rifre/mant] n.
considerably [kansldarabli]* ad. solicit [sallsit]* v. (= ask)
considerate [kansidarit] a, subsequent [sAbsikwant]** a.
consideration [kansidareijan]* n. (= attention) superb attention to detail* phr.
considering [kansidarirj]** prep. transmit [transmit] v.
constraint [kanstreint]* n. visit [vizit]** v.
dedication to** phr.
delighted [dilaitid]* a.
demolish [dimdlij] v. Day 12
digit [didjit] n. adopt [adapt] v.
dimension [dimenjan] n. agree on* phr.
diminish [dimmif] v. agree with** phr.
disqualified [diskwolafaid] a. aim [elm]** v.
do one's utmost* phr. alike [alaik] ad.
enroll [inroul] v. alliance [alaians] n.
ensure [injuar]** v. be cognizant of* phr.
entrance [entrains] n. be suitable for** phr.
entry [entri]** n. (- admission) borrow [btirou]* v.
especially [ispefali] ad. combination [kambaneijan]* n.
fascinate [fsesaneit]* v. combined [kambaind]* a.
fascinating [fsesaneitixj]** a. compensate [kdmpanseit]** v.
fascination [fssaneifaii] n. compete [kamprt]* v.
follow up on* phr. competition [kdmpitlfan]** n. (= rivalry)
force [fb:rs]* n., v. competitive fkampetitiv]** a.
halt [ho:It]* v. competitor [kampetitar] n. %
CD
have every intention of + V-ing* phr. deprive [dipraiv] v.

indicate [indakeit]** v. deride [diraid] v.
indication [indakeifan]** n. derision [dirijan] n.
indicative [indxkativ] a. enclose [inklouz] v.
inherently risky** phr. enclosed [inklouzd]** a. £
-O
least [li:st] a. enclosure [inklougar] n.

mention [men/an]** v. enhance [inhsens]** v.
message [mesidj]* n. enter [enter]** v.
migration [maigreijan] n. envelope [envaldup]** n.
mostly [mousfli] ad. envelopment [invelapmant] n.
nominate [ndmaixeit]* v.
nomination [namanei/an] n.
eventually [iventjuali]** ad.
exposure to** phr. i
optimist [dptamist] n. fiscal year** phr.
optimistic [aptamlstik]** a. focus [foukas]* v., n.
optimistically [aptamistikali] ad. forbidden [farbidan] a.
optimize [aptamaiz]* v. forecast [f5:rkaest] n., v.
phone [fbun] n., v. give someone one's support* phr.
photographer [fatdgrafar]* n. heavily [hevili]** ad.
piece [pi:s] n. heaviness [hevinis] n.
process [prases]** n., v. heavy [hevi]* a.

house [haus] v. almost [5:Imoust]* ad.
in advance* phr. altruism [geltxnizm] n.
inclination [inklaneifan] n. analysis [anjelisis]** n.
incline [inklain] v. analyst [aenalist] n.
indulge [indlldj] v. analyze [®nalaiz]* v.
ineptitude [ineptit/u:d] n. around the world* phr.
inside [insaid] prep. be comparable to** phr.
itinerary [aitmareri]** n. be compatible with** phr.
listen to** phr, come from phr.
normal [noirmal] a. comment [kament] n.
normalcy [n5:rmalsi] n. commerce [kdmarrs]* n.
normality [noirmaelati] n. compile [kampail]* v.
normally [n5;rmali]* ad. complain [kamplein]** v.
option [dp/an] n. complaint [kampleint]** n.
perfect [pa:rfikt]* a. describe [diskraib] * v.
perfection [parfekfan]** n. description [diskripjan]** n.
perfectly [parrfiktli]* ad. entitle [intaitl]* v.
pioneer [paiamar]* n. equip [ikwip] v.
plan [plaen]* n., v. equipment [ikwipmant] u. (= apparatus)
plate [pleit] n. follow [falou]** v.
precede [prisx:dj v. following [fdlouig] a., prep.
proficient [prafijant] a. for free* phr.
recover [rikivar]* v. form [fa:rm]** n.
refuse [rifjurz]* v. formal [£5:rmal]** a.
regard [rigd:rd]* v. formality [fo:rm8elati] n.
regarding [riga:rdig]** prep. formalize [fd:rmalaiz] v.
regardless [rigd:rdlis]** ad. formally [forrmali] ad.
regardless of* phr. formalness [f5:rmaliiis] n.
regret [rigretj n., v. formation [fo:rmei/an] n.
regrettably [rigretabli]** ad. herein [hiarin] ad.
settlement [setlmant] n. highly qualified* phr.
shape [Jeip] n. in celebration of** phr.
sheet [/i:t] n. infusion [infjikjan] n.
solve fsalv] v. ingredient [ingri:diant] n.
sophisticate [saflstakeit] n. in the foreseeable future** phr.
sophisticated [saflstakeitid]** a. jeopardize [djepardaiz] v.
sophistication [safistakeijan]* n. logic[ladjik] n.
tight [tait]* a. luggage [Kgidjl* n. (= baggage)
tightly [taitli]** ad. momentum [moumentam]* n.
tightness [taitnis] n. necessarily [nesaserali]** ad.
transpire [traenspaiar] v. necessary [nesaseri] a.
unclaimed [Ankleimd]* a. necessitate [nasesiteit] v.
without a doubt* phr. necessity [nasesati] n.
next [nekst]** a.
note [nout]* v.
Day 13_ on the waiting list** phr.
affix [aiiks]** v. order [6:rdar]** v.
524 - Hackers TOEIC Reading www.n ha ntriviet.com

organize [o:rganaiz]** v. commit oneself to** phr.
outcome [autkAm] n. commitment [kamltmant]** n.
personal [pairsanal]* a. committee [kanriti]* n.
personality [pkrsanajlati] n. complete [kampli:t]** v., a.
personalize [parrsanalaiz] v. completely [kampli;tli]** ad.
personally [pa:rsanali]** ad. completeness [kampli:tnis] n.
plenty [plenti] n. completion [kampli:/an]* n.
point [point] n. concede [kansi:d] v.
policy [pdlisi] * n. design [dizain]**®.
predict [pridfktj** v, designated [dezigneitid]** a.
prediction [pridikfaxi] n. designed [dizaind] a.
pretty [priti] ad. destroy [distrdi] v.
prior to** pkr. direct someone to somewhere phr.
public [pAblik] a. discouragement [diskairidjmant] n.
regular [regjular]** a. eligible [elidjabl]** a.
regularity [regjulserati] n. embarrassing [imbserasig]* a.
regularize [regjularaiz] v. escalate [eskaleitj v.
regularly [regjularli]* ad. escalation [eskaleijan] n.
reimbursement [ri:imba:rsmant]** n. escalator [eskaleitar]** n.
reject [ridjekt]** v. final [fainal]* a.
sharp [Ja:ip] a. (= rapid) finalize [fainalaiz] v.
short [fa:rt]** a. finally [fainsli]** ad.
shorten [foirtsn] v. forfeit [fikrfit]** v., n.
shortly [Joirtli]* ad. forfeiture [fo:rfit]ar] n.
show [jou] n., v. hesitantly [hezitantlil** ad.
suddenly [sidnli] ad. hesitate [heziteit] v.
total [toutal]** a. hesitation [hezitei/an] n.
uncommon [Ankdman] a. improper [improper]** a.
use [ju:z], [ju:s]** v., n. inaccurate [insekjurit]* a.
used [ju:zd] a. inhalation [inAaleifan] * n.
usefulness [ju:sfulnis] n. inhale [inheil] v.
user [ju:zar]* n. inhibition [mAibifsxi] n.
join [djoin]** v. CD
8
legible [ledjabl] a.
Day 14 liable [laiabl]* a.
alert [alairt] v. live broadcast* phr.
apart [apd:rt]** ad. make telephone calls* phr.
apparatus [ffiparaetas] n. merge [ma:rdj]** v.
apparel [apasral]* n. orientate [5:rienteit]* v.
appearance [aplrans] n. pollutant [palu:taxxt]** n.
aside from* phr. pollute [palu:t] v.
be concerned about* pkr. polluted [palii:tid] a.
be conscious of** phr. pollution [palu:Jan] n.
be native to** phr. post [poust]** V.
come in + ordinal number phr. regulate [regjuleit] v.
commission [kami/an] n. regulation [regjuleijan]** r.
commit [kaxnit] v. regulatory [regjulatari] a.

relay [rilei] v. cordially [kairdjali]** ad.
relevance [relavans] n. departed [dipd:rtid] a.
reliability [rilaiabilati] n. detach [ditsetj]** v.
reliable [rilaiabl]** a. dish [dijl n.
reliably [rilaiabli] ad. escort [eskorrt]** v.
reliance [rilaians] n. establish [istsebli/j * v.
rely on* phr. established [istseblijt]* a.
routinely [ru:ti:nli]* ad. establishment [istseblifmant] n.
sight [sait]* n. evaluate [ivaeljueit]* v. (= assess)
sign [sain]* n. evaluation [ivaeljueifan]** n.
signed [saind] a. fiscal [ffskal]** a.
speculate [spekjuleit] v. for more details* phr.
speculation [spekjulei/an] n. highly [haili]** ad.
speculative [spekjuleitiv] a. horizontal [hdrazdntal] a.
stand in for* phr. in combination with** phr.
thanks to* phr. in conclusion* phr.
transport [trasnspo:rt] v. inquire [inkwaiar]* v.
transportable [trsenspairtabl] a. inquiry [inkwaiari] n.
transportation [tr&nsparteij'auj ** n. insert [insa:rt'l* v.
insertion iinsarr/anl n.
instantly recognizable* phr.
Day 15_ jurisdiction [cÿuarisdikfan] n.
afford |af6:rd] v. monologue [mdnalo:g] n.
affordable [afikrdabl]* a. (= inexpensive) overhead compartment* phr.
age [eidj]** n. performance appraisals* phr.
ageless [eidglis] a. postage [poustidj] n.
alleviate [alrvieit]* v. {= relieve) power [pauar] n.
allocate [aelakeit]* v. powerful [pauarful]** a.
apparent [ape§rant]** a. prescribe [priskraib]* v.
apparently [apaerantli]* ad. prescription [priskrfp/an] n.
appeasement [apl:zmant] n. present [prizent] , [prezant]* v., a.
applause [apl6:z] n. presentable [prizentabl] a.
appliance [aplaians] n. presentation [pri:zanteijan] n.
applicant [seplakant]** n. presenter [prizentar] n.
application [aeplakei/an]** n. presently [prezantli]** ad.
applied [aplaid]** a. prohibit [prouhlbit]* v.
apply [aplai]** v. prompt [prompt] a., v.
assign A to B** phr. prompter [prompter] n.
be consistent with* phr. prompting [prdmptig] n.
be contingent on* phr. promptly [pramptli]** ad.
cognizant [kdgnizant]* a. promptness [prdmptnis] n.
come into effect** phr. release [rill:s]* v.
communicate [kamjurnakeit] v. remain [rimein]** v.
communication [kamju:nakeifan] * n. remainder [rimeindar]** n.
communicator [kamju:nakeitar] n. remember [rimembar] v.
concern [kansa:rn]** v., n. remembrance [rimembrans] n.
concerning [kansa:rnig]** prep. remind [rimaind]** v.
www nhantriwipt mm
remittance [rimitans] n. look for* phr.
situation [sitfueifan] n. look into** phr.
skill [skil] n. look over** phr.
spend [spend]** v. minimal [mlnamal] a.
spending [spendirjJ* n. minimally [mmamali]* ad.
spoil [spoil] v. minimize [mmam&iz] v.
visible [vizabl]** a. minimum [mmamam]** n.
missing [mlsig]* a.
modify [mddafai] v.
Day 16 morale [maral]* n.
adequately [asdakwitli]** ad. more than adequate* phr.
allow [alau]** v. nevertheless [nevardales] ad.
allowance [alauans]* n. outdated [autdeitid] a.
alter [6:ltar]* v. outstanding [autstajndig]* a.
annual [aenjual]* a. overbear [ouvarber] v.
approach [aproutf] n., v. overcome [ouvarkAm]* v.
appropriately [aproupriitli]* ad. petty [peti] a.
be dedicated to* phr. plain [plein] a.
be divided into* phr. poor [pur]** a.
bring [brig]** v. poorly [purli]* ad.
come to an end* phr. practice [prsektis] n.. v.
conclude [kanklu:d] v. preamble [prx:£embl] n.
conclusion [kanklu.-pn]** n. precept [priisept] n.
conclusive [kanklu:siv] a. prefer [prifa:r]* v.
conclusively [kanklu:sivli] ad. preferably [prefarablij* ad.
correctly [kareMH] J
ad. preference for** phr.
deteriorate [ditiariareit]* v. profess [prafes] v.
detract [ditra&kt] v. profession [prafejan] n.
distraction [distraekfan] n. professional [prafejanal]* a.
evidence [evidans] n. professionalism [prafejanaliz am] n.
&3
evident [evidant] a. professionally [prafejanali] ad. Q
Qo
evidential [evidenfal] a. proper [prdpar] a. m
x
-o
evidently [evidantli]* ad. reach solutions* phr.
reluctant [rilAktant] a. o
examine [igzsemin]* v. in
example [igzsempl]* n. remote [rimout] a.

forward [f5:rward]** ad. report [ripo:rt]* n., v.
forwarding [f6:rwardiq] n. secondary effect** phr.
shortage [Jckrtidj]** n.
in conjunction with* phr.
in contrast phr.
insist [insist] v.
slowdown [sloudaun]* n.
state [steit] v., n.
I
inspect [inspekt]** v. timely [taimli]** ad.
interest in* phr. travel [trseval]* v., n.
introduce [nitradju:s]** v.
introduction [mtradAkfan]* n.
justify [djAstafai]* v. Day 17
light [lait] a. anxious [aerjk/as] a.
likeable [laikabl] a. approval [aprurval]** n.
www.nhantriviet.com Essential Vocabulary & Expressions ~ 527

approve [apru:v]** v. premium [pri;miam]* n.
approved fapru:vd] a. preside [prizaid]* v.
approvingly [apru:viqli] ad. press [pres] p.
be entitled to + right /title* phr. pressure [preJar]** n.
be equipped with* phr. proportion [prapxrjan]** n.
be faced with** phr. renew [rinjii:]** v. (= extend)
compensate someone for something** phr.. renewal [rinju:al]* n.
complex [kdmpleks]** n. repeated [ripi:tidj* a.
compliance [kamplaians] n. repeatedly [ripi:tidli]* ad.
compliment [kdmplamant] n. repetition [repatljan] n.
complimentary [kamplamentsri]* a. repetitiously [repati/asli] ad.
component [kampounant] n. {= part) revise [rivaiz] v.
conduct [kandAkt]** v. revision [rivi3an]* n.
confide [kanfaid] v. seldom [seldam]** ad.
confidence [kdnfidans] n. simple [sxrnpl] a.
confident [kdnfidant]** a. simplicity [simplisati] n.
confidential [kanfidenfal] a. simplify [simplafai] v.
develop [divelap]** v. simply [simpli]** ad.
developer [divelapar] n. size [saiz]** n.
developing [divelapiqj** a. slight [slait] a.
development [divelapmant]** n. slightly [slaitli]* ad.
exceed [iks!:d]** v. slightness [slaitnis] n.
exclude [iksklu:d]* v. spectator [spekteitar] n.
exclusion [ikskluÿan] n. staff [staef] * n.
exclusively [iksklu:sivli]** ad. stage [steidj]* n.
exclusiveness [ikskM:sivnis] n. stimulate [stimjaleit]** v.
exclusivity [eksklursiviti] n. stir [sta:r]** v.
foster [ft:star]* v. tax on* phr.
fragment [frajgmaiit] n. undecided [Andisaidid] a.
in comparison with* phr. upcoming mayoral election* phr.
in compliance with + regulation phr.
instigate [instageit] v.
instrument [mstramant] n. (= apparatus) Day 18_
interest [xntarist] ** n. advocate of* phr.
interested [mtaristid]** a. annex [asneks] n.
interesting [intaristig]** a. aptitude [septitju:d] n.
kindly [kaindli]* ad. arbitration [a:rbitreijan]* n.
look forward to + noun/V-ing** phr. arbitrator [a:rbitreitar] n.
motion [moujan]* n. assist with** phr.
nicely [naisli]* ad. be full of* phr.
overdrawn [duvardr5:n] a. be happy with* phr.
overexpose [ouvarikspouz] v. be ideal for* phr.
pleasant [plezant] a. compete for + objective* phr.
please [pli:z]** v. concur [kanka:r] v.
pleased [pli:zd]* a. concurrence [kanka:rans] n.
pleasurable [plejarabl] a. concurrent [kanka:rant] a.
pleasure [plegar]** n. concurrently [kanka:rantli]** ad.
528 - Hackers TOEIC Readino www.nhantrivietcom

confirm [kanfa:rm]** v. receive [risf:v]** v.
confirmation [kanfarmeifan]** n. received [risiivd] a.
confirmed [kanf&rmd]* a. renovate [renaveit]* v. (= refurbish)
conform [kanf5:rm] v. renovation [renaveifan]* n.
contact [kantaskt]" v., v. rent [rent] v., n.
diagnose [daiagnous] v. reservation [rezarveifan]* n.
diagnosis [daiagnousis]* n. reserve [rizarrv]* v. (= retain, book)
diagnostic [daiagndstik] a. reserved [rizairvd]* a.
diagnostically [daiagndstikali] ad. resolution [rezal/u:jan]* n.
enlightening [inlaitanig]* a. separately Iseparitli]** ad.
execute [eksakju:t] v. (= perform) separation [separei/an] n.
exile [egzail] n. stamp [staemp] n.
expand into* phr. standard [standard]* n.
fixed [fikst] a. statement [steitmant]* n.
frequency [fri:kwansi] n. streamline [strf:mlain]** v.
frequent [frf:kwant] a. thereafter [Beraeftar]** ad.
frequently [frf:kwantli]** ad. unbearably [Anberabli]** ad.
huge [hjuidj] a. work extended hours* phr.
hugely [hjurdjli] ad.
implicate [implakeit]* v.
implication [implakeifan]** n. Day 19_
incomparable [inkdmparabl] a. allergic reaction* phr.
incompetent [inkdmpitant]* a. anticipate [aentisapeit]** v.
in detail** phr. apologize [apdladjaiz]* v.
in effect" phr. apology for** phr,
in preparation for** phr. appeal [api:lj* v., n.
institute [mstit/u:t] v., 11. architect [a:rkitekt]* n.
instruct [instrAkt] v. area [eariaj* n.
instruction [instrAkfan] n. arena [ariina] n.
knowledge [ndlidjl* n. atmosphere [getmasfiar]** n. {= environment)
monitor [mdnitar]* v. (= check) be in charge of* phr.
monotone [mdnatoun] a. be interested in** phr.
mounting [mauntig]* a. be involved in** phr.

overall louvar5:l]* a. busy telephone lines* phr.
overdue [ouvard/u:]** a. coming [kAmiq]* a.
overlap [ouvarlsep] v. comply with + regulation** phr.

overlay [duvarlei] v. confront [kanfrAnt] v.
premonition [pri:maiujaii] n. confuse [kanfju:z] v.
preparation [prepareifan] n. confusion [kanfju.-jan]* n.

prepare [priper] v. connection [kanekjan] n.
prevent [privent]** v. conquest [kdnkwest] 11.
preventable [priventabl] a. conserve [kansa:rv]** v.

prevention [privenfan] n. differ [difar]** v.
preventively [priventivli] ad. difference [diforans] n.
price [prais] v., n. different [difarant]** a.

prosperity [pretsperati]** n. differently [dlfarantli]** ad.
receipt [risi:t] n. dilute [dilju:t]* v.
www.nhantrivietcom Essential Vocabulary & Expressions - 529

entire [intaiar] a. strategical [stratiÿikal] a.
entirely [intaiarli]** ad. strategically [stratfrdjikali]* ad.
exhibit [igzibit] v. {= display) strategist [straetidjist] n.
existence [igzistans] n. strategize [strastidgaiz] v.
existing [igzlstiq]* a. strategy [staetidji]** n.
expand [ikspaend]** v. thickly [Oikli] ad.
expanse [ikspsens] n.
expansion [ikspaenfan]** n.
expansive [ikspaensiv]** a. Day 20_
go through phr. appear [aplar]* a,
have no idea* phr. appoint [apaint] v. (= name)
hurt [ha:rt] v. arrival [araival] n.
immediately [imf.diatli]** ad. aspiration [sespareij'an] n.
in ending phr. backward [baekward] ad.
intend [intend] v. (= plan) be irrelevant to* phr.
intensify [inteiisafai] v. be known for* phr.
intensive [intensiv] a. complimentary light breakfast* phr.
international flight* phr. concentrate on** phr.
interviewer [mtarvju:ar]* n. console [kansoul] v.
live [laiv]* a. consolidate [kansdlideit]** v.
manage [ma§nid3]** v. (= handle) consolidation [kansolidei/an] n.
manageable [majnidjabl]** a. consolidator [kansdlideitar] n.
management [maenidjmant]** n. designated area** phr.
manager [mgenidjar]** n. (= supervisor) direct [direkt] v., a.
managing [maenidjigj a. direction [direkfm] n.
monopolize [mandpalaiz]* v. directive [direktiv] a.
monopoly [mandpali]* n. directly [direktli]** ad.
overhead [ouvarhed] * a. director [direktar] n.
overpower [ouvarpauar] v. disallow [disalau] v.
overpriced [ouvarpraist] a. expect [ikspekt]** v.
polite [paMit] a. expectancy [ikspektansi] n.
politely [palaitli]** ad. expectant [ikspektant] a.
politeness [palaitnis] n. expectantly [ikspektantli] ad.
president [prezidant]* n. expectation [fekspekteifan] * * n.
print [print]* v. expected [ikspektid]** a.
proceed [prasird]** v. expedite [ekspidait]** v.
proceeding [prasr.dirj]* n. fumes [iju:mz] n.
procrastinate [proukrsestanfeit]* v. function [fAgiJan]* n.
repair [ripear]** v. furniture [fa:rnitjar]** n.
repairable [ripearabl] a. give a speech* phr.
resource [rr.so:rs] n. incorrect [inkarekt]* a.
resourceful [ris6:rsful] a. in error** phr.
seriously [siriasli]* ad. in excess of phr.
speak [spirit]** a in reply** phr.
step [step]** n. interpret [inta:rprit] v.
stratagem [strsetadjam] n. interpretation [inta:rpriteijart]** n.
strategic [stratMjik]** a. interpreter [inta:rpritar] n.
nhsnfriylot mm.
invention [invenjan] n. appreciation [apri:/ieifan.]* n.
loath [lou0] a. approximate [apraksameit] v.
local [ioukal]** a. approximately [aprdksamitli]* ad. (= roughly)
locale [loukffil] n. approximation [aprdksameifan] n.
locality [louksfelati] n. asset [aeset]* n.
localization [BukalazeiJanJ* n. assimilation [asimaleijan] n.
localize [loukalaiz] v. beforehand [bifD:rhsend]* ad.
locally [loukali]** ad. be liable + to-infinitive* phr.
maturity [matjuarati]** n. be made of** phr.
on arrival** phr. be noted for* phr.
on the wane* phr. comparable [kdmparabl] a.
popular [papjalar]** a. compare [kamper]* v.
produce [pradju:s]* v. comparison [kampserisan]** «.
producer [pradju:sar] n. compatible [kampeetabl]* a.
producible [pradju.-sabl] a. construct [kanstrAkt] v.
product [prddakt] n. construction [kanstrAkfan]** n.
production [pradAk/an]** n. constructive fkanstrAktiv]* a.
productive [pradAktiv] a. constructor [kanstrAktar] n.
productively [pradAktivli] ad. consult [kansAlt] v.
productivity [proudaktivati]** n, consultant [kansAltant]** n.
prohibit A from + V-ing* phr. container [kanteinaii* n.
prudent [pra:dant] a. contentment [kantentmant] n.
replace [ripleis]** v. contest [kdntest] n.
replace A with B* phr. contestant [kantestant] n.
reply [riplai] v. dependent [dipendaxit] a.
responsibility [risponsabilati]** n. disappoint [disapdint]** v.
responsible [rispdnsabl]** a. disappointed [disapointid]* a.
responsibly [rispdnsabli] ad. disappointing [disapointiq] a.
result [rizAlt]** v. disappointment [disapdintmant]** n. a
c
severely [sivxrli]* ad. disband [disbsend] v. E
a
somewhat [sAmAwAt] ad. discharge [distjfrrdj]* v. (= release)
strike [straik] v. discourage A from B** phr.
striking [straikig]* a. durability [djuarabflati] n.
struggle [strAgl] v. durable [d/uarabl]** a. (= sustainable)
study [stAdi]* n., v. duration [djureijan] n.
subject [sAbdgikt] * * n., v. equal [r.kwal]* a.
subjection [sabdjekfan] n. equally [I:kwali]** ad.
unexpected [Ardkspektid]* a. equivalent [ikwivalant] a.
unfair Unfer] a. expend [ikspend] v.
unfairly [Anferli]* ad. expenditure [ikspenditjar] n. (= expense)
unfairness [Aiifernis] n. experience [ikspmans]** n.
visual [vijual]* a. experienced [ikspirianst]* a.
for the sake of phr.
incidental expenses* phr.
Day 21 in good condition* phr.
annotated [senouteitid] a. invalidate [invaelideit] v.
appreciate [aprf:/ieit]* v. (= enjoy) marketing on* phr.

motivate [moutaveit] v. convenience [kaim:njans]** n.
motivation [moutaveifan] n. convenient [kanvi:njant]** a.
near [nir] * prep a. conveniently [kanvl:njantli]** ad.
nearly [nirli]** ad. convention [kanvenjan] n.
nearness [mrnis] h. convergence [kanvairdgans] n.
observably [abza:rvabli] ad. disclose [disklouz] v. (= reveal)
observance [abza:rvaiis]** n. discontinue [diskentmju:]* a
observant [abza:rvont] a. discount [dfskaunt]** v., n.
observantly [abza:rvantli] ad. draft [draft] n.
observation [abzarveijbn]** n. experiment [iksperamant] n.
observatory [abza:rvatd:ri] n. expertise [ekspa:rti:z]* n.
observe [abza:rv] v. (= follow) expiration [ekspareijan]* n.
oversee [ouvarsi:]* v. (= supervise) expire [ikspaiar] v. (= lapse)
proliferate [proulifareit] v. expired [ikspaiard]* a.
properly [prdparli]** ad. explain [iksplein]* v.
reproduce [ri:pradju:s] v. extraneously [ikstreiniasli] ad.
repulse [ripAls] v. foreseeable [fo:rsf:abl]** a.
repulsion [ripAlJan] n. impress [impres] v. (= touch)
request [rikwest]** v., n. impressed [imprest] a.
respond to* phr. impressive [impresiv]** a.
retirement [ritaiarmant]* n. impressively [impresivli] ad.
reunion [ri:ju:njan] n. incredible [inkredabl] a.
subscribe [sabskraib] v. incredibly [inkredabli] ad.
subscriber [sabskraibar]* n. in honor of** phr.
subscription [sabskrfpjan] n. initial [imjal] a., v.
succeed [saksM]* v. initially [imjali]* ad.
success [sakses]* n. initiate [imjieit]* v.
successful [seksesful]* a. issue [ifu:] n.
successfully [saksesfuli]* ad. loan [loun]** v.
successive [saksesiv] a. once [waiis] ** cotij,
owe [ou] v.
personal belongings** phr.
Day 22_ premier [prv.miar] a., n.
arise [araiz] v. profusion [prafjuÿan] n.

arrange [areindjl v. progress [prdgres]* n.
atrium [eitriam]* n. progression [pragrejan] n,
attempt [atempt]* n., v. progressive [pragresiv]* a.
be honored for** phr. proof [pru:f] n.
belatedly [bileitidli] ad. readily available* phr.
be opposite to* phr. require [rikwaiar]** v.
be put out of gear* phr. required [rikwaiard]** a.
be related to* phr. requirement [rikwaiarmant] n. (= prerequisite)
congratulate someone on something* phr. requisition [rekwizlfan] n.
consume [kansju:m] v. research [risarrtf]** v., n.
consumer [kans/u:mar]* n. researcher [risarrtfar] n.
consumption [kansAmpJan]* n. resent [rizent] v.
contend [kantend]* v. revenue [revanju:]** n.

reward [riw5:rd]* n. expose [ikspouz] v. (= uncover)
run-down [r&ndaun] a. exposure [ikspoujar]** n.
special [spejalj* a. extremely [ikstrl:mli]** ad.
specialist [spejalist] n. former [fo:rmar] a.
specialize [spefalaiz]** v. head for* phr.
specially [spejali] ad. independent [indipendant]* a.
steep [sti:pj* a. in light of phr.
steeply [sti:pli] ad. in observance of* phr.
suffice [safais] v. invite [invait]** v.
sufficiency [saflfansi] n. involve [invdlv]* v.
sufficient fsafijant] a. involved [invdlvd]** a.
sufficiently [safijantli]** ad. involvement [invdlvmant] n.
sum [sAm] n. move [mu:v]* v., n.
summarize [sAmaraiz]* v. notable [noutabl]** a. (= important)
summary [sAmari] n. obligation to** phr.
think about" phr. outside [autsaid] prep.
think of* phr. paid [peid]** a.
timelessly [taimlisli] ad. proposal [prapouzal]** n.
propose [prapouz]* v. (= suggest)
proposition [prdpazifan] n.
Day 23 prospect [prdspekt]** n.
assail [aseil] v. prospective [praspektiv]* a.
assemble [asembl] v. prosper [prdspar] v.
assembled [asembld] a. prosperity [prasperati]** n.
assembly [asembli] n. prosperous [prdsparas] a.
attire [ataiar]* n. prosperously [prdsparasli] ad.
average [sevaridjl n., a. protect [pratekt] v.
below [bil6u]* prep. protection [pratekjan] n.
be responsible for** phr. protective [pratektivj** a.
be responsive to* phr. resist [rizlst] v. 03
contract [kantraekt] , [kantraekt] v., n. respect [rispekt] v.

contraction [kantraekjan] n. respectable [rispektabl] a.
control [kantroul]* v. respectful [rispektful] a. CO
o"
convene [kanvf:n] v. respectfully [rispektfuli]* ad.
copy [kdpi]** n. right [rait]** a n.
corporation [kb:rpareifm]* n. rightful [raitful]* a.
corrosion [karoujan]** n. rightfully [raitfuli] ad.
cost [ko:st] n., v.
discover [diskAvar] v.
rightly [raitli] ad.
risk [risk] n.
I
discriminate [diskrimaneit] v. rival [raival]* n.
discuss [diskAs]** v. serve [sa:rv]** v. (= work)
discussion on** phr. service [sa:rvis]** n.
disengage [disengeidj] v. serviceable [sa:rvisabl] a.
drape something with something** phr. suggest [saÿdgÿst] v. (= recommend, imply)
duty [dju:ti] n. suggestion [sagdjestfan]* n.
elevate [elaveit] v. supervision [sjuiparvlgan]** n.
elevation [elaveifan] n. supplement [sApIament], [sAplamant]* v., n.

supply [saplai]* v., n. faculty [fsekalti] n.
time constraints* phr. fairly [ferli]* ad.
triple [tripl] a. frenetic [franetik] a.
unknown [Announ] a. indifference [indffarans] n.
unlimited [Anlfmitid]** a. (= unrestricted) in one's absence* phr.
upon request** phr. in particular* phr.
leave [li:v]* v., n.
move away* phr.
Day 24_ obstacle [dbstakl] n.
admission [admijan] n. officially [afijali]* ad.
admit [admit]* v. out of print* phr.
ambivalence [asmbivalans] n. overburden [ouvarba:rdn] v.
apprehensive [seprihensiv]* a. own [oun]* v.
assert [asa:rt]* v. owner [ounar]* n.
assign [asain] v. (= allocate) ownership [ounarfip]* n.
assignment [asainmant] n. participant [pairtisapant]* n.
assist [asist] v. participate [pa:rtlsapeit] v.
be restored to** phr. participation [p0:rtisapeijaii] ** n.
be subject to* phr. premeditate [pri:mediteit] v.
blandly [blsendli] ad. presumably [prizju:mabli]** ad.
bowl [boul] h. presumptive [prizAmptiv] a.
card [ka:rd]** n. procedural [prasl:d3aral1 a.
complacent [kampleisant] a. procedure [prasMjar]** n.
confidence in* phr. protest [pretest] v.
conversion [kanvaÿan] n. prove [pru:v] v.
convert [kanva:rt] v. resonate [rezaneit] v.
convey [kanvei] v. respond [rispdnd]** v.
cooperate [kouapareit] v. respondent [rispdndant] n.
cooperation [kouapareijan] n. response [rispdns] n.
cooperative [kouaparativ] ** a. run the risk of** phr.
cooperatively [koudparativli]** ad. simultaneously [saimslteiniasli]* ad.
customer [kAstamar] n. stress [stres] v. (= emphasize)
customization [kAstamaizei/an] n. structure [strAktfar]** n.
customize [klstamaiz]** v. tension [tenfan] n.
densely [densli]* ad. term [ta:rm] n.
deposit [dipdzit]** n., v. try [trai] v.
determined [dita:rmind] a. uniquely [juni:kli] ad.
dislocate [disloukeit] v. upcoming school year* phr.
dismiss [dismis]* v. upstart [Apstd:rt] n.
dispatch [dispaetj]* v.
displace [displeis] v.
enlarge [inldrrdj] v. Day 25 _
exact [igzaekt] a. assume [as/u;m]* v. (= presume, take on)
exacting [igzaektinj] a. attach [ataetj]** v.
exactly [igzsektli]** ad. attached [ataStft]** a.
exactness figzsektnis] n. behavior [biheivjar] n.
extra [ekstra] a. be superior to* phr.
www nhanfriviet.com
be uncertain about* phr. provision [pravi3an]** n. (= arrangements)
brief [bri:f] * a., v. publish fpAbiij']** v.
brief someone on something* phr. responsive [rispansiv]** a.
briefly [briifli] ad. responsiveness [rispdnsivnis] n.
coordinate [kouo:rdaneit]* v. restore [risto:r]** v.
coordination [kou5:rdan6iJan]* n. restrained [ristreind] a.
correlate [k6:raleit] v. restructure [riistrAttJar]** v.
counsel [kaunsal] v. (= advise) return A to B** phr.
detail [diteil] n. signifier [signafaiar] n.
detailed [diteild]** a. signify [signafai] v.
dispute over* phr. sincerely [sinsirli] ad.
disrupt [disrApt]* v. sticky [stiki] a.
dissatisfy [dissaitisfai]* v. submit A to B** phr. (- send in)
distribute [distribju;t]** v. substantial [sabstaenJM]** a.
distributed [distribju:tid]** a. substantiality [sabst£tenji»lati] ».
distribution [distribju:Janj n. substantially [sabsteenfali]** ad.
distributor [distribjutar]** n. substantiate [sabstasnjieit] v.
exportation [ekspowteifan] n. support [saparrt] v., n.
express [ikspres]** v. tour [tuar] n., v.
expression [iksprefm] n. turn [tarrnj* v., n.
expressive [ikspresiv] a. turn in** phr.
fondness [fdndnis] n. unoccupied [Anakjapaidj** a. (- vacant)
for your convenience** phr. unrecoverable [AnrikAvarabl] a.
glance [gkens] n. unusually [AiijuÿualiJ* ad.
growth rate phr. unwillingness [Anwilignis]* n.
hospitality [haspiteelati]** n. venture [ventjbf]** n.
incentive [insentiv] n. venturesome [ventjarsam] a.
indefinitely [indefanitli] ad.
individual [indavldjual] a., n.
individualism [indavldjualizam] n. Day 26_
individualist [indavldjualist] n. advertisement [sedvartaizmant] * n.
individuality [indavidjueelati] n. attend [atend] v.
individually [indavidjuali]** ad. attendee [atendi:]* n.
in place of phr. because of* phr.
in spite of* phr. benefit from** phr.
internment [inta:rnmant] n. brightly [braitli] ad.
limitation [Hmatei/an] n. circumstance [sa:rkamstafens] n.
maximum [mseksamam]* n. collection [kalekjan]** n.
multiply [mAltaplai] v. collective fkalektiv] a.
mutually [mju:tfuali]** ad. collector [kalektar] n.
presumptuous [prizimpt/uas] a. condensed [kandenst]* a.
prevalent [prevalent]** a. consist of** phr.
previous [pn;vias]* a. correspond [ko:rispdnd] v.
previously [priiviasli]** ad. correspondence [kb:rispdndans]** n.
provide [pravaid]** v. corresponding [k5:rispdndig] a.
provided [pravaidid]** conj. correspondingly [kxrispdndigli]* ad.
providing [pravaidig]** conj. create [krieit]** v.

creation [krieijan] n. purchase [pa:rt/as]** v., ri.
creative [krieitiv]** a. purchased [pa:rt|ast]** a.
creatively [krieitivli] ad. question [kwest/an]** v.
creativeness [krieitivnis] n. refund [ri:fAiid]* v., n.
creativity [kri:eitivati] n. return [rita:rn]** v.
dealing [di:lig]* n. returned [rita:md]** a.
decadence [dekadans] n. reveal [rivi:!]** v.
disturb [dista:rb] v. revelation [revaleijan] n.
disturbance [distarrbans] n. review [rivju:]** v.
disturbing [dista:rbiq]** a. site [sait] n.
divest [daivest] v. stare [ster] v.
excellent [eksalant]* a. (preeminent) struck [strAk] a.
excessive [iksesiv] a. suppress [sapres] v.
experiment with ** phr. to better serve customers** phr.
extend [ikstend] v. (= lengthen)
extended [ikstendid]* a.
extension [ikstenfan]** n. Day 27_
extensive [ikstensiv]** a. arguable [a:rgjuabl] a.
extensively [ikstensivli]* ad. argument [arrgjumant]* n.
feasibility [fi:zabfliti]** n. (= possibility, viability) argumentative [airgjumentativ] ** a.
fine [fain]* n., a. automate [5:tameit]** v.
finely [fainli] ad. automatically [5:tam$tikali]** ad.
firm [fs.-nn] a. avert [avarrt] v.
firmly [fa:rmli]* ad. avoid [avoid]* v.
fresh [frejl* a. award [aw5:rd]* v.., n.
freshen [frejan] v. be familiar with** phr.
freshly [frejli] ad. be restricted to phr.
freshness [frejnis]* n. beyond one's control* phr.
full [full* a. cancel [kaensal] v.
fully [fuli]** ad. cancellation [kaensaleijan]** n.
increasing market pressure* phr. commencement [kamensmant] n.
increment [mkramant] n. condition [kandijan]** n.
inspiration [insparei/an]** n. conditional [kandijanal] a.
install [instd:!]** v. count [kaunt]* v.
installation [instalei/an] n. countdown [kauntdaun] n.
insubordinate [insaborrdartit] a. curb [ka:rb]* v. (= restrain)
in summary phr. difficulty [difakalti]** n.
intention [intenjan]* n. dissentingly [disentigli] ad.
in the past phr. divide [divaid] v.
manufacturer [msenjafa&ktjarar]* n. divided [divaidid]* a.
maximum security' phr. dividend [dividend]* n. (= allotment)
origin [oiridjin] n. division [divijan]** n.
original [arfdganal] a. double [dAbl]** v., a.
originality [aridjanaelati] n. drop [drop]* v., n.
originally [arfdjandi]** ad. empathic [empaeOik]** a.
originate [aridjaneit] v. environmental [invaiaranmentsl]* a.
possible [pdsabl]* a. environmentalism [invaiaranmentalizam] n.
on rncir www nhantrivipt.rnm

environmentalist [invaiaranmentalist] n. Day 28
environmentally [invaiaranmentali] ad. amalgamate [amselgameitj v.
exertion [igzEofan] n. amaze [anieiz]* v.
feedback [fi:dhsek]* n. amazed [ameizd] a.
further [M:rdar]* a. amazement [ameizmant]** n.
furthermore [ferSarnaa:!*] ad. amazing [ameizig] a.
inherently [inhiarantli]** ad. apportionment [ap5:rjhnmant] n.
intact [intaekt] a. ascertain [®sartein] v.
in theory phr. bear [ber]* v. (= endure)
in writing** phr. bill [bil]* v., n,
majority [madjsirati]** n. bring something to a halt* phr.
member [member]* n. by hand* phr.
otherwise [Adarwaiz]** ad. by telephone* phr.
out of the office* phr. capitalize [kaepitalaiz] v.
personal check* phr. capture [kasptfar]* v.
position [pazljbn] n. contend with* phr.
precipitation [prisipiteijan]* n. courteous [ka;rtias]* a.
provide someone with something* phr. courteously [ka:rtiasli] ad.
pursue [parsjii:] v. courteousness [ka:rtissnis] n.
pursuit [parsju:t] n. courtesy [kairtisi] n.
quite [kwait] ad. customarily [kAstamerali] ad.
rather [raeSar] ad. customary [kAstameri] a.
relic [relik] n. customs [kAstamz] rt.
respect for* phr. demonstrate fdemanstreit]* v. (= prove)

revolve [rivdlv] v. detect [ditekt] v.
rise [raizj** v. (= increase) distantly [distantly ad.
significance [signifikans] n. distinct [distigirt] a.
significant [signifikant] * a. distinction [distiqJrJan] n.
significantly [signlfikantli]** ad. distinctive [distigitiv] a.
slowly [slouli]* ad. distinctively [distigJrtivlij* ad.
subjective [sabdjektiv]* a. donate [douneit]** v.
subjectively [sabdgektivli] ad. donation [douneifan]** n.
succeed in + V-ing* phr. due to* phr.
surround [saraund] v. expense [ikspens]** n.
surrounding [saraundig]* a., n. (pi.) expensive [ikspensiv]** a.
suspend [saspend]* v. (= postpone) expensively [ikspensivli] ad.
swap [swap] v. expensiveness [ikspensivnis] n.
taste [teist]* v., n. extinction [ikstrgk/an]** n.
type [taip]* n. flex tfleks] v.
vaguely [veigli] ad. flexibility [fleksabflati]** n.
variation [verieifan] n. flexible [fleksabl] a.
varied [verid]* a. in danger of extinction phr.
variety [varaiatij** n. industry [mdastri]* n.
variously [veriasli] ad. influence [influans]** v.
vary [verij** v. insert A into B phr.
win one's award phr. invest [invest] v.
investment [investment]* n.
www.nhantrivietcom Essential Vocabulary & Expressions - 537

investor [investar]** n, consistently [kanslstantli]** ad.
investigation [investageifan]** n. contract out something to someone* phr.
lead [li:d] v. device [divais] n. (= gadget)
outweigh [autwei]** v. devise [divaiz]* v.
overly [ouvarli] ad. do business with* phr.
override [ouvarraid] v. effect [ifekt]** n., v.
primal [praimal] a. effective [ifektiv]** a.
primarily [praimerali] ** ad. effectively [ifektivli] ad.
primary [praimeri] a. effectiveness [ifektivnis] n.
prime [praim] a. excitable [iksaitabl] a.
principal [prfnsapal]* a. excite [iksa.it] v.
proximity [praksimati] n. excited [iksaitid]** a.
readily [redali]* ad. excitedly [iksaitidli] ad.
ready [redi] a. excitement [iksaitmant] n.
removal [rimu:val] n. exciting [iksaitig]** a.
remove [rimu:v] v. (= eliminate) face [feis]* », (= confront)
repeal [ripl:l] v. guarantee of* phr.
restricted [ristrfktid]* a. induce [indju:s] v.
revolutionary [revalu:Janeri]* a. inflate [infleit] v.
rich [ritf]* a. inflated [infleitid] a.
share f/er] v., n. (pi.) (- stock) inflation [inflei/an]** n.
signs of wear** phr. injured [indjard] a.
softly [so:ftli] ad. insincerely [insinsirli] ad.
staff productivity** phr. instead of** phr. .
throughout the day** phr. integrate [mtagreit]* v.

two forms of identification** phr. interfere [iniarSr ]* v.
unsafe Unseif] a. lengthen [leqi0an]" v.
unstable [Ansteibl] a. open [oupsn] v., a.
ventilation [ventaleijan] n. opening [oupanig]** n.
virtually [va:rtfuali]** ad. overload [ouvarloud] v.
whereabouts [iiwÿrabauts] n. owing to** prep.
persuadable [parsweidabl] a.
persuade [parsweid] v.
Day 29_ persuasion [parsweijan] n.
appraisal [apreizal]* n. persuasive [parsweisiv]** a.
associated [asoujieitid]* a. persuasively [parsweisivlij* ad.
assorted [as6:rtid] a. preserve [prizarrv]* v.
assurance [ajxiarans] n. prize [praiz]** n.
assure [ajuar] v. probability [prdbabilati] n.
by means of** phr. prominent [prdmanant]** a. {= well-known)
by no means phr. purpose [parrpas]** n.
catch [keetf]* v. reduce [ridjurs]** v.
consecutive [kansekjativ]* a. reduction [ridAkJan]** n.
consensus [kansensas]* n. reductive [ridiktiv] a.
consent [kansent]* n. register [redjistar]** v.
consent to** phr. renegotiate [rimigoujieit]* v.
consistent [kansistant]* a. run short** phr.
538 - Hackers iOEIC Reading www.nhantriviet.com

space [speis] n., v. editor [editar] n.
spacious [speijasj a. (= roomy) encounter [inkauntar]* v.
spread [spred] v. engage [ingeidj]* v.
stability [stabllati]** n. engineer [endjamar]* n.
stable [steibl] a. escort someone to somewhere** phr.
stay [stei]* v., n. estimate [estameit]* n., v.
touch down** phr. estimated [estameitid] a.
treat [tri:t] v. (= deal with) estimation [estameijan] n.
undergo [AndargouJ* v. exercise [eksarsaiz]** n.
voluntarily [valanterali]** ad. facilitate [fasxliteit]* ».
voluntary [vdlanteri] a. facilitation [fasiliteijan] n.
volunteer [valantir]* v. facilitator [fasfliteitar] n.
warranty [woiranti]* n. facility [fasilati]** n.
wash [wafl* v. fleetly ad.
whereas [Awergfez] con], from now phr.
grasp [grasp] v.
hold [hould]** v.
Day 30 implant [implsent] v.
affect [afekt]** v. (= influence) inform [inf5;rm] v. (= notify)
affection [afekjam] n. informative [inf5;rmativ]** a,
attract [atrsekt]** v. informatively [inf5:rmativii] ad.
attraction [atraekfaii] n. informed [infjkrmd]** a.
authorization [xQarizeifm] n. informed decision* phr.
authorize [5:0araiz]** v. innovative [maveitiv]** a.
authorized [ckQaraizd]** a. Inordinate [ino:rdanit] a.
authorship [d:0arjip] n. instantly [instant!!]* ad.
available [aveilabl]** a. interfere with** phr.
by way of phr. offend [afend] v.
challenge [tfselindj] v., n. particularly [partfkjalarli]* ad.
challenging [tfffilindjiql a. possess [pazes] v.
configuration [kanfigjareijan] n. problem with* phr.
contingent [kantmdjant]* a. profile [proufail] v.
contribute [kantrfbjurt] v. profit [profit]* n.
contribution [kdntribju-.Jan] n. profitable [prdfitabl]** a.
contributor [kantrfbjutar]** n. profiteer [prafitir] n.
cover [kAvar] v. (= include) project [pradjekt]* n.
coverage [kAvaridj]** n. put in for** phr.
cultivate [kiltaveit] v. refer [rifa:r] v. (= consult)
cultivation [kAltaveifaii] n. reference [refaransj* n.
cut back phr. rich source of information* phr.
diverse [diva:rs]** a. schedule [skedgu:!]* v., n.
diversification [diva:rsafakeijan] n. segment [segment]** n.
diversified [diva:rsafaidj* a. segmentation [segmaxitei/an] n.
diversify [divarrsafai]** v. suppose [sapouz]** v. (= assume)
diversity [diva:rsati] n. turn down* phr.
edit [edit] v. widely [waidli]** ad.
edition [idlfan]** n. widen [waidan] v.
www.n ha ntrivietxom Essential Vocabulary & Expressions - 539

540
Reading Test
READING (Part V-Vil)
ANSWER ANSWER ANSWER ANSWER ANSWER

NO. NO. NO. NO. NO.
A B C D A B C D A B C D A B C D A B C D
101 @ © ©© 121 @ © ©© 141 ® ©© © 161 @ © ©© 181 ®© © ©
102 @ © © © 122 ®© ©© 142 ®® ©© 162 ®©© © 182 ®© ©©
103 @ © ©© 123 @ ©© © 143 @ © © © 163 ® © ©© 183 @ © ©©
104 @ © © © 124 ® © ©© 144 @ ©©© 164 ® ©© © 184 @ © © ©
105 ® © © © 125 @ © ©© 145 ®© ©© 165 @ © © © 185 ® © ©©
106 ®©©© 126 ® ©©© 146 @ ©© © 166 @ © ©© 186 ®©©©
107 @ © © © 127 ®© ©© 147 ®© © © 167 ® © © © 187 ®© © ©
108 ® © © © 128 ® ©© © 148 @ © © © 168 ®© © © 188 @ ©©©
109 ®© ©© 129 ® © ©© 149 ® © © © 169 ® ©© © 189 ®© © ©
110 @ © © © 130 ®© © © 150 ®© © © 170 @ © © © 190 ®© ©©
111 ® © © © 131 @ ©© © 151 @ © © © 171 @ © © © 191 ®©© ©
112 ®© © © 132 ®© ©© 152 ® © © © 172 ® © © © 192 ®© © ©
113 ® © © © 133 ® © © © 153 ®© © © 173 ® © © © 193 ®© © ©
114 @ © © © 134 @ ©© © 154 ®© © © 174 @ © © © 194 ®© © ©
115 @ © ©© 135 ® © ©© 155 @ ©© © 175 ® © ©© 195 @ © © ©
116 ® © ©© 136 @ © ©© 156 ®© © © 176 ® © © © 196 ®©© ©
117 ® © © © 137 ® ©© © 157 ®© © © 177 ®© © © 197 ®© © ©
118 ®© ©© 138 ®© ©© 158 ® © © © 178 ® ©© © 198 ®© ©©
119 ® ©©© 139 ® © © © 159 @ © © © 179 @ © © © 199 ®©© ©
120 @ © © © 140 ©©©© 160 ®©©© 180 ® © ©© 200 ®©©©
:
:
www.nhantrivietcom Answer Sheet - 541

Reading Test
READING (Part V-VII)
ANSWER ANSWER ANSWER ANSWER ANSWER

NO. NO. NO. NO. NO.
A B C D A B C D A B C D A B C D A B C D
101 @ ® ©© 121 ©®©© 141 ©® ©© 161 ® ©©© 181 @ ®© ©
102 ® ®© © 122 ® ® © © 142 © © © © 162 ©® © © 182 ©© ©©
103 @ ® ©© 123 © ®©© 143 ©® ©© 163 © © © © 183 ©®©©
104 @ ® ©© 124 © ® © © 144 © ©©© 164 ©® ©© 184 ©®©©
105 @ ®©© 125 © ©©© 145 ©® ©© 165 © ®©© 185 ©© ©©
106 @ ® ©© 126 © ® © © 146 © ® ©© 166 ©® ©© 186 @ ®©©
107 @ ®©© 127 © ®©© 147 ®® ©© 167 © ®© © 187 ©® ©©
108 @ ® ©© 128 © ® © © 148 ® ®© © 168 ®® ©© 188 ©®©©
109 ®®©© 129 © ® ©® 149 ®® © © 169 © ® © © 189 ®®©©
110 © ®©© 130 @ ® © © 150 ® ®© © 170 © ® ©© 190 © © ©©
111 @ ® © © 131 © ®©© 151 ®® ©© 171 © ©© © 191 ©®© ©
112 @ © ©© 132 © ® © © 152 © ®© © 172 © ® ©© 192 © ® © ©
113 @ ® © © 133 © ®©© 153 ®® ©© 173 © ® © © 193 ©®© ©
114 ®®©© 134 © ® © © 154 ® ©©© 174 © ® ©© 194 © © ©©
115 ®®©© 135 © ® ©© 155 ®® ©© 175 © ®© © 195 ©®©©

116 ® ®©© 136 © ® ©© 156 ® ®© © 176 © ® ©© 196 ©©© ©
117 ®® ©© 137 © ©©© 157 ®® ©© 177 @ ©© © 197 ©©©©
118 ©®©® 138 @ ® ©© 158 ©®©© 178 @ ®©© 198 ©®©©
119 ®®©® 139 ® ® ©© 159 ©® ©© 179 ®®©© 199 ©©©©
120 © ®© © 140 ©®©© 160 © ® ©© 180 © ® © © 200 ©®© ©
www.nhantriviet.com
k ers iutit/ H6S Answers 0 E i C Read
Diagnostic Test 05 Number /' Tense / Voice of a Verb p. 4?j

1, (D) 2.(B) 3, (A)
08 'Verbs ii
Hackers Practice p. 49
01 worked 02 completion
03 varies 04 Reducing
05 comprise
07 be sent 08 Efficient -< Efficiency
09 completes -» completed 10 asks -» ask
11 Correct 12 There -» It
13 estimation -ÿ estimates 14 locate location
-ÿ
Grammar Hackers Test p. 50
Section 1 Basic Sentence Elements

Chapter 01 Subjects, Verbs
01 Subjects p, 43
1. (A) 2. (C) 3, (D)
02 . Dumpy Subjteset It'.

;; V'"' .
ÿ
p. 44
.
'
1 (D) . 2. W
ÿ
ÿ
;
'3, (B)
Chapter 02 Objects, Complements
03 Dummy Subject There p. 45

ÿ1 . (B) : . . 2. <C). '' 3. (A).
'
04 Verbs p. 46
02 Dummy Object it p. 54 !
1 (D)
ÿ 2. (A) 3. (C)
1.(C) 2.(C) 3, (B)
www.nhantriwet.com Answers - 543

i 03 Complements p. 55 Hackers Practice p. 63
1(B) 2.(D) 3. (A) i 01 In spite of a scheduling conflict .
I 02 purchasing less than- ten items

|-03'Wfi6se:topi6 dealt -with working relationships
04 Noun Complements vs. Adjective ( 04#?feis diligent, trustworthy, and srÿ-motivatsd
ÿ Complements p. 56 ;
05 from tho sssfembly Iin©
j 1, (A) 2, (B) 3, (B) : 06 for .using funds without -proper
ÿ
o . ' : ÿ
ÿ
i 07- While -Dan waited in the- office iofabv ÿ ÿ
-i
08 of;., v . 09 to resolve
Hackers Practice p. 57 10 even though 11 working
. -. . 12 Because 13 which
Hackers Test p. 64
convenient
Hackers Test p, 58
Section 2 Verb-Related Structures

Chapter 04 Forms arid Types of English Verbs
01 Modal /Auxiliary Verb + Bare Infinitive

1- (B) 2. (C) 3. (B)
Chapter 03 Modifiers
01 Modifiers 3. 61 02 Auxiliary Verb m + Participle Form p, 70 1

1. (D) 2. (B) 3, (A) 1. (D) 2, (B) 3, (D)
02 -'Modifying Phrases, Modifying Clauses 03 Transitive Verbs. Intransitive Verbs .7.1-

l (A)
ÿ 2. (B) 3, (D) 1,{D) 2, (A) 3, (B)
04 Bare Infinitives in That-Clauses p. 72-

1- (D) 2, (B) 3, (C)
544 - Hackers iOEIC Readinq vw.nhantriviet.com

Hackers Practice p. 73 Hackers Practice p. 81
'J i {..'..vvy!. vi were 02 are

08 speak 04 be 03 Many 04 were
05 wouid iike 06 05 are 06 banks
07 mention 08 turned -» turn 07 is 08 is are
09 has apply has applied 10 win submit -» submit OS pays -v pay 10 Correct
11 held -= be held 12 accepts accept -- 11 warn -- warns 12 Uniform Uniforms
13 compile compiling
-» 14 to remain remain - IS Correct 14 are is-ÿ
Hackers Test 74 Hackers Test p, 82
Chapter 05 Subject-Verb Agreement Chapter 06 Tenses
01 Subject-Verb Agreement In Number p. 77 j ; 01 Present /Past / Future Simple Tense x 85

1-(B) 2. (A) 3. (B) | | 1. (D) 2. (B) 3, (B)
02 Subject-Verb Agreement with Expressions 02 Present /Past /Future Progressive Tense *ÿ p. 86. j
of Quantity p. 7g J.(C) 2. (B) 3, (C)
1.(A) 2. (B) 3, (D)
03 Present/Past/ Future Perfect Tense p, 87

03 Subject-Verb Agreement with Coordinating 1, (B) 2. (D) 3. (D)
and Correlative Conjunctions p, 79
1. (B) . 2,{C); 3. (A) .
04 Agreement in Tense p. 88
1. (C) / '
2. (C)'--- '
3.
04 Subject-Verb Agreement in Relative Clauses
1. (A) 2. (B) 3. (A)
www.nhantriviet.com Answers - 545

Hackers Practice Hackers Practice p. 97
CI read Lii aaenoed 0"i Implied 02 are expected

03 had damaged 04 retired 03 rejected 04 frustrated
05 will double 06 believe 05 have painted 06 will take
07 wilt be 03 makes 07 excited 08 relating related
-*
iO i'ScGS OS Corset 10 offered was offeree

11 by the time 12 since "i i made -»ÿ
is made 12 wearing -> to wear
13 si the momen: 14 usually 13 has granted -» has been 14 Correct
grantee!
Hackers Test p. 90
Hackers Test
ÿ
Chapter 07 Active Voice, Passive Voice

Chapter 08 Subjunctives
'•3'V:-/nv I c- ÿkirn/Past/ Past Perfect /Mixed

I . .«!>«
WJMIIWIkltW
p. 101
j 1. (B) 2. (C) 3. (A)
02 Passive Voice of Verbs in Sentence

Structures 4 mi 5 p. 9*
1.(C) 2.(0) 3,(8) 02 Other Structures of SufeJunctlVjes-. ; ÿ. p. 102
2. (D)
03 Active Fsssf/a Ve:r;ss of Perception Verbs p. 95 i

0": have saved 92 could

04 have taken
05 would 06 used
07 have missed 08 had applied
09 would not be 10 had asked
11 would have been 12 had bought
13 had finished 14 should have been
- Harkprÿ TOPIC Rparlinn www,nharitriviet.com

Hackers Test p. 104 Hackers Test
Section 3 Verbals Chapter 10 Gerunds

Chapter 0
Subjects a 117
01 Forms c-f To-'nfifiltives and Their Subjects p. 109
1.{C; 2. (8) 3. (3/
1 (B)
ÿ 2. (A) 3.(C)
2.
_ __2,rn
1.(C) __ ÿ
. ' _.
_:_
:
:
-¥ -Ocmnr-on Soresstons with Agmnds p, 120
i. :b) 2. P) 3. (D)
04 Bare tnf initives as Dbject Complemer tS ÿ
p. 112
1. (B) 2. (A) 3. (A)
p. 121

01 working 02 to give
03 wording 04 working
01 to win 02 customize
05 effectiveness 06 raising
03 to type 04 influence
07 wondering 08 take -» taking /to take
05 to proceed 06 delivered
OS Correct 10 obtain -» obtaining
. 07 to improve 08 signing -» to sign
1 1 to talk -> talking 12 know --> knowing
09 Correct 10 start -» to start
13 Correct 14 beip -> helping
11 do done 12 willing -> willing to
13 Correct 14 attract -» to attract

p. 122 Hackers Test p. 130
Section 4 Parts of Speech
: 01 Functions of Participles p. 125

; 1. (D) 2. (B) 3, (C)
01 Positions of Nouns p. 135
1. (D) 2. (B) 3, (D)
02 Participial Phrases 3. 126

1. (B) 2. (A) 3. (C) 02 ."CpuntNouris vs. Non-Coym Nouns p 13o
ÿ
.
'
'*V3/P'V..
03 Present Participles vs. Past Participles p, 127
1(C) 2. (C) 3. (B) 03 Determiners and Nouns D. 137
1. (C) 2, (D) 3, (C)
04 Confusing Expressions
1-(A) 2,(C) 3,(C) 0ÿ Concrete No»ns vs. Abst-URt Houns p. 138
l.(O) 2.(C) 3. (B)
Hackers Practice p, 129
01 reserving 02 lasting 05 Compound Nouns p, 139 .

03 written 04 welcoming 1. (c) . 2. (A) 3.(o :V :ÿ
:
05 dampening 06 interested
07 locked
09 Correct
-
08 served serving
10 Felt -+ Feeling 06 -Common. in TOE|C '' '
.
ÿ
-' p. «0-
ÿ"
11 update -> updated 12 Correct '• 1,:(B) -.3. (D) ÿ
-
. '•
-
13 providing provided 14 missed missing
-ÿ

05 indefinite Pronouns /Adjectives (2);
Any, No/None, Most
ol cOiT.rr.itTieni 02 .'aspersion ,.y
1.(C) 2. (A) 3. (A)
03 production 04 likeunocd
05 health 06 expiration
07 attendance 08 locate -+ location
09 application -ÿ->
applicant 10 developer 06 Agreement between Nouns and Pronouns/ -
——
11 supervisor supervision
12 traveling traveler
development Possessive Adjectives
1,(C) 2. (A) 3, (A)
p. iso
13 occupancy occupation
14 beneficiaries -+ benefits
Hackers Test p. 142

| 01 their; /•/.. . 0
| 03yt>.urv 0-! 5 nether
I 05, herself1 v '
j'.07;th6se-'..
09 its --•> their
'
AS ho
10 our
-
-mis
they
ÿ"
i 11them si . 1
I -'13 its our / . f 1-i :h3i"selves ffilil
Hackers Test p. 152
Chapter 13 Pronouns
01 Personal Pronouns, Possessive Pronouns,

Possessive Adjectives p. 145
1,(D) 2. (B) 3. (B)
02 Reflexive Pronouns p. 14b

1. (B) 2. (A) 3.(Q Chapter 14 Adjectives
01 Positions of Adjectives p. 155

'
03 Demonstrative Pronouns, Demonstrative 1.(D) 2. (A) 3. (A)

Adjectives p. 147
!(D) 2. (A) 3. (B)
02 Quantifiers as Adjectives and Indefinite

Pronouns . . . p. 156
04 Indefinite Pronouns/Adjectives (1); One, 1.(0 2. (A) 3,{Q
Another, Other p. i4£
1(D) 2. (B) 3. (B)
03 Confusing Adjectives 0. 1 D-
1.(0 2,(0 3. (D)

IT- 05 Connecting Adverbs
1. fC m\ 1(D) 2, (B) 3, (B)
06 Emphasizing AdpfteCt
Hackers Practice p. 159 ;-r:
u : respective 02 successive
03 3V8IV ÿJ C 0ffi pSi aDi3
"
05 continued 05 much 07 Emphasizing Adverbs (2) P. 189 :

0T Gcnsic3:'£ts 08 economics! — economic 1(C) 2, (D) 3. (A)
09 permanently permanent
'!0 fewer ~> less
11 like -» likely 08 Other Adverbs p. 170
12 difference -» different 1, (C) 2. (8) 3. (B)
13 understandable understanding
14 locally
- ioca;
01 yet 02 so
Hackers Test p. 160
03 too much 04 otherwise
05 very 06 also
07 right 08 wide - widely
08 closely -» close 10 Correct
11 impartiality impartially 12 final -> finally
13 Correct 14 substantial ->
substantially
Hackers Test p. 172
Chapter 15 Adverbs
A *S f fAk *| /Shjt Ha 4*1%
02 Confusing Adverbs p. 184

1. (D) 2, (A) 3, (C)
Chapter 16 Prepositions
'03: Adverbs -of Time';.
01 Preposition In /At /On p, 175
04 Adver&s of Frequency 16
'• ;
1. (D) 2, (B)' - 3, (C) 02 Prepositions of line ÿ
*
1.:(C) '*2. (0)' '3. -(B) ;

,p. Iff Section 5 Conjunctions and Clauses
1 (A)
ÿ 2. (D) 3. (B) Chapter 17 Coordinating Conjunctions,
Correlative Conjunctions
'04 Preposit ions of Direction p, 178 01 Coordinating Conjunctions p. :ss

1. (B) 2. (A) 3, (B) 1 ÿ-
i
(OA
\Uj
1 ICS -5 /pi
\L->} \~
05 Prepositions ©f Reason, Concession, G2 Cÿrelati'-'s Conjunctions o, 190

Purpose, Exception, and Addition p. 179 i,(A) 2. (D) 3. (C)
l.W:
'

06 Preposition Of and Others
ÿj i 8.no 02 bui
Oo or ;*0§Mntf f ell" -llllK;
C
'J-J I US n(-i
07 and so uc i'iox g.'uv ooxn
1 (A) 2, (B) 3. (D)
d. 181
0" neither
11 both
not
either
W and
12 or -•
—
nor
but
! 3 vet and 14 also -= or
Hackers Test p. 192
01 over 02 Due to
G3 of 04 during
05 Despite 03 throughout
07 Aside from 08 on -» at
09 on -+ in 10 Correct
-
11 Untii After
13 to -i- for
—
12 for of
1 4 since -» by
Chapter 18 Noun Clauses
Hackers Test p. 184 01 Positions of Ne;;r< Glauses 195 ;

1(C) 2, (D) 3. (C)
02 Noun Clauses introduced by That p. 196

1. (A) 2. (B) 3. (B)
L
www.nharitrivietcom Answers - 551

r/wnetn Chapter 19 Relative Clauses
01 Positions and Functions of Relative Clauses p. 205 ;

1.(C) 2,(C) 3. (D)
04 '
Word
1 (D) 2, (C) 3. (A) p, 206 j
ÿ
1, (B) 2. (D) 3. (A)
C.ct'S?r- %' 6 CÿTC'Ob'l.*5

p.
-i 1CC;
:
f3 ts.-?§e b," nf/aiwfc f ronc-i' is P-.S
. id; l-;
' I I . x*./f L. \3) 3. (S; _
Ofij '."'M'.-p's \i£ 2,r, p, 200
2, (D) (A) 04 Relative Adverbs p. 208
MA) 2, (B) 3. (D)
03 tha' 04 whether
T: which ;
vYhoeÿsr 0? what 04 chat
03 whose
u/ that 05 who 06 which
08 whan the time is right to make a change
of a verb
object
07 whose which /that
08 where
09 is directed are directed 10 having has
-
-»
ud rvOvV VH0 CO:;"lpar;y
its cisbi -> subject

fdUoS <0 Si8y ttriUtii Vviu'i d.n
11 when which /that 12 that which
"i4 Correct
—
13 theni -»:whicn ,
w hat roads had been blocked due to the accidsnt
...
oojbcl ot
times subject complement

;
s proposition
1 what the receptionists have requested numerous
;2 thai quality service should bo provided to everyone

apDoaitive
Hackers Test p. 210
13 why 10 percent of profit must go to pension funds

object of a verb
-=ÿ
14 that some exports will have to be cut back because

of inventory shortages — subject complement
Hackers Test p. 202
Chapter 20 Adverb Clauses
1.(C)' _____
01 Positions and Functions of Adverb Clauses
2. (O 3. (D) .
:
p. 213
b ,rb

02 Conjunctions in Adverb Clauses c Section 6 Special Structures
1(B) 2. (D) 3. (A)
Chapter 21 Comparison
01 Comparison of Equality
03 Conjunctions, in.Adverb Clauses of Condition . -
1(B) 2. (C) 3. (C)
and Concession
'
p. 215*
1 (A) 2.(C) 3, (D)
02 Comparative 3. 226
1(D) 2. (D) 3, (C)
e-:- in Adverb Okuses of Remop..
y'<rcc$s, ?:ss>A t".cspt'en sr»f' Others 216
(B) 3. (A)
03 Superlative p. 007
n C.C.-S
1(B) 2, (D) 3. (D)
3/ 1 iWl IWUi
04 Other Structures of Comparison P.-228-

1(B) 2, (A) 3. (B)
06 Adverb Clause Conjunctions vs. Prepositions p. 218

1(A) 2,(C) 3, (D)
Hackers Practice p. 219 .> j often 04 No sooner

jo Dy ts r 06 than
nj-.i, tof , '
Qp rnm p- rhg ym:

r-inr-p mr
06 if
11 economically -ÿÿeconomical 1; :
ÿ
ÿÿÿÿ
08 8ven -~> ?vsn 'no jan

13 much -> many . 1';- hich — hiahsr 1
09 Despite Although- - lO'.-duririg- -» while :

IT although'.--*.because. 1-2-.as-':s.oo.n .;a& sootx-as'
(-+ ?
. 13 while, -ÿ...because-. .. .. . .1,4.unfe.ss..wferi:-ÿ,,unles.s;,: I

Hackers Test p. 230
Hackers Test
Chapter 22 Parallelism, Inversion
01 Parallelism p, 233'
1(D) 2. (B) 3. (B)
www.nhantrivietcom Answers - 553

02 Inversion p. 234 Hackers Test p, 248
1 (B)
'
2, (D). '
3. (A)
..." i "i.C 1.
0? reliable us ancouragft
'30 Correci Chapter 02 Collocations with Adjectives
Hackers Test p. 236
Hackers Test p, 254
Vocabulary
Section 1 Collocations
Chapter 01 Collocations with Prepositions
Chapter 03 Collocations with Verbs (1)

Hackers Practice p. 2o9
tfisiii illiSifi
iiliiPili sflilllg 0--' ietur
05 of 06 abov;: all
0? ooservarsce 06 on iiliiiill
09 honcr iiiiiiiii lillll UH vO
12 in
partlcuiar 09 for assiansc
V; ent:ti3C:
: 3 more ;If-It -u .V
;O '-J. l ; ÿ6 recuest
it \ : O i '< sSiiSllliSilsJi;
2C convent: :Gb
554 - Hackers TOEIC Reading wvvw.nhantriviet.com

Hackers Test p, 260 Hackers Test p. 272
Chapter 04 Collocations with Verbs (2) Chapter 06 Other Collocations
Hackers Practice p, 265 Hackers Practice p, 277
saowwifiE:
v...". ÿ-5 OG e:arerne;v
Call HOUSÿV
: s
v;sua! inherently
: 5 PecOS "IS full
Hackers Test p, 266
Hackers Test p. 278
Chapter 05 Collocations with Nouns

Section 2 Content Words
Chapter 07 Verbs
:J : L- : f
L- 1 ; 'ÿ ! ! i 5l|ig§ Hackers Practice p.:
fllil 01 tend 02 organize
.; over 03 C-?.'.:S!3
f h ÿxoGOi
!
08 COnSidS!"
03 includes
r
jradicts -i
-- . C" . iffiiRfif
C---1
vww.nhantriviet.com Answers - 555

Chapter 09 Adjectives
01 increasing 02 popular
Hackers Test n 9£Q
03 worth u s
i HiO ; ia P!3
v'J -sU: ) ' :V.K~: i .. VJ L .
j7 corning
09 existing in pSsassd
rtT-'OOwplfefentaiVV''- : ÿt.2: rich:
Hackers Test p, 309
ÿ
0! developments 02 advice
03 appreciation 04 attire
05 ocmrnerca
07 development Uq oXCaptiOn
09 lecture 1 0 appare!
Chapter 10 Adverbs
H responsibility 12 envelope

15 extinction 16 collection
IV slowdown 13 minimum 0'i iats 02 presently
r "r'jiJB-i:!1'/ 04 :
i: D7 §resurnabif / ; ;Q8. securely;;ÿ 1

Hackers Test p, 299 09 once 10 finally '
11 regularly 12 Apparently
13 8qua'iy 14 wsli
15 widely
Hackers Test p. 318
556 - Hackers TOfciC Reading www.nhantriviet.com

Section 3 Content Words with Similar Reading
Meaning
Section 1 Types of Questions
Chapter 11 Verbs with Similar Meaning
Chapter 01 Overview Questions
Hackers Test p. 326

;
T Reading fectee
I'fWfBi' '-Q97AVJ : 'MfRI- mm;
';i;i
Hackers Test p. 352

Chapter 12 Nouns with Similar Meaning
Hackers Test p. 332
Chapter 02 Information Questions
Chapter 13 Adjectives, Adverbs with Similar ;\

mm
Meaning
Hackers Test p. 338

Hackers Test p. 358
Chapter 03 NOT / TRUE Questions
rwrephrashigPracoce
www.nhantriviet.con] Answers - 557

Hackers Test p. 364 Section 2 Single Passages
Chapter 06 E-mails / Letters
Chapter 04 Inference Questions
heading Practice Hackers Test

01 (C) 02 (A) 03 (A)
Paraphrasing Practise
03 (A) 06 (A1 06 (b.-) ÿ08?
I- 09®§'A
Chapter 07 Advertisements
Hackers Test p. 370 Hackers Practice p. 393
K: ÿ r- P :• r.-; r- '7 \
Chapter 05 Synonym Questions Hackers Test p. 394
01 (A) 02(A) 03 (3) fi®t§i nil

06(A) U/ \ j 08 llll no
V.J
;a,\
V"1/
-:n '*x
Vi (8)
17 !b) j 0
ill id'YA-i ÿ1
4 /pi Chapter 08 Notices & Announcements
21;{A) : "• .:
ÿ
Lxi
..
-O'O )/Q\A .A '"4 Hackers Practice p. 399
, : :A:2F :{Al '
f ] gg IDJ. '
30 (/>)
rv.
i
: vv PSA; 04 {Af
35(B) 37 (A) 36 (E) 39 (A) /»n

-•O K,.s;
41 (A) 42(A) III!$™0VA rc,\

44 (A)
46 (B) 47 (A) -'48 (A) 49 (B)
Hackers Test p. 400
51 (A) 52 (B) bo (A) 54 (A) 55 (A)
56 (A) 57 (A) 58 (B) 59(A)
Hackers Test p. 380
Chapter 09 Articles & Reports
_ Uari/prc TORT Rpprlinn www.nhantriviet.com

Hackers Test p. 406 Section 3 Double Passages
Chapter 13 E-mail / Letter-Related Readings
Chapter 10 Memorandums
Hackers Practice P'411 Hackers Test p, 430
Hackers Test p. 412
Chapter 14 Advertisement-Related Readings
Chapter 11 Information
Hackers Test p. 436
Hackers Test p. 418
Chapter 15 Announcement-Related Readings

Chapter 12 Non-Prose Readings adinp Freezes
Qi ;B) 02 (B) 03 (A) 04 (B)
Hackers Test p, 442
Hackers Test p. 424
www.nhantriviet.ccm Answers - 559

Chapter 16 Article-Related Readings
Hackers Practice
Hackers Test
Actual Test 2
Chapter 17 Non-Prose-Related Readings
Hackers Practice
Hackers Test
Actual Test 1

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|H|A|C|K|E|R|S

Hackers TOEIC Reading

TOEIC is an English test taken by non-native speakers who want to use

Being aware of the practical demand of learners, we have designed a set of

Chapter 12 Nouns 134

4 - Harkprc TOPIC Rpadino www.nhantriviet.com

Chapter 18 Noun Clauses 194

This book contains the following features:

01. A large collection of actual questions

02. Ac omprehensive presentation of English grammar points

03. A combination of fundamental theories and actual practice

06. Two actual tests

Wwvv.nriantriviet.com Main Pratuÿ -i

This book includes the following parts:

02. Grammar: Basic Points

03. Grammar: Explanations

04. Grammar: TOEIC Questions

05. Vocabulary & Reading: Types of Questions and Useful Tips

07. Hackers Test

08. Actual Tests

09. Essential Vocabulary and Expressions

www.nhantriviet.com Main Parts - 9

Corporate Development - research, prod¬ Human Resources - recruiting, hiring, retir¬

TOEIC test format

Part 1 Photograph Descriptions 10

Reading Part 6 Text Completion 12

10 MarUorc TOFir Roarlinn www.nhantriviet.rom

Registration, test taking, score report

Contact ilG Vietnam for registration information:

vwwjihantriviet.com About TOEIC - 11

Before entering the test room

During the test

When doing Parts 1 and 2, you should:

12 - Hackers TOEIC Reading www.nhantriviet.com

2. Complete your test

www.nhantriviet.com TOEIC Tips - 13

Part 5 - Sentence Completion (40 questions)

Part 6 - Text Completion (12 questions)

In an urgent announcement yesterday, TNA Electronics issued a . .for a total

recall on all Chop-O-Matic blenders. A company spokesman said the component

products with a newer, safer version of their Chop-O-Matic blender.

www.n ha ntriviet.com TOEIC Reading Test - 15

Single Passages (28 questions)

Q: When will the new monitoring system begin?

1ft Harkprs TOFif Rparlinn www.nhantrivipt.rnm

Double Passages (20 questions)

TO: All Staff

TO: Nathan Perch

Q: What item does Mr. Dory suggest changing?

www.nh a ntriviet.com TOEIC Reading Test - 17

Your Current Level

Very good 46-50

18 - Harkprs TOFIC Rpariino vvvvw.n hantriviet.com

Preferred Learning Styles

www.nhantrivietcom Your Current Level & Preferred Learning Styles - 19

04 It is important for interested in doing 08 Hank from depression, having lost

11 Please be reminded that we are not

www.nhantriviet.com Diagnostic Test - 23

Happy Pharmacy Valued Customer Day