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    LDS WD-1 - 13

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    Raakze Movi
    The document discusses several technologies for detecting leaks in pipelines, including geophones, hydrophones, and listening sticks. It notes that these methods rely heavily on human senses and interpretation, and are susceptible to inaccuracies from external noise. The document then introduces leak noise loggers, which can be permanently or semi-permanently installed in utility holes without trenching or drilling. Noise loggers use algorithms to identify normal operational sounds and leaks, eliminating human error. While they have a high initial cost, noise loggers have low maintenance costs and can identify leaks immediately as they occur without pinpointing the exact location.

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    LDS WD-1 - 13

    Uploaded by

    Raakze Movi
    46 views1 page
    The document discusses several technologies for detecting leaks in pipelines, including geophones, hydrophones, and listening sticks. It notes that these methods rely heavily on human senses and interpretation, and are susceptible to inaccuracies from external noise. The document then introduces leak noise loggers, which can be permanently or semi-permanently installed in utility holes without trenching or drilling. Noise loggers use algorithms to identify normal operational sounds and leaks, eliminating human error. While they have a high initial cost, noise loggers have low maintenance costs and can identify leaks immediately as they occur without pinpointing the exact location.

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    LDS WD-1_13

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    LDS WD-1_13

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    The document discusses several technologies for detecting leaks in pipelines, including geophones, hydrophones, and listening sticks. It notes that these methods rely heavily on human senses and interpretation, and are susceptible to inaccuracies from external noise. The document then introduces leak noise loggers, which can be permanently or semi-permanently installed in utility holes without trenching or drilling. Noise loggers use algorithms to identify normal operational sounds and leaks, eliminating human error. While they have a high initial cost, noise loggers have low maintenance costs and can identify leaks immediately as they occur without pinpointing the exact location.

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    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    46 views1 page

    LDS WD-1 - 13

    Uploaded by

    Raakze Movi
    The document discusses several technologies for detecting leaks in pipelines, including geophones, hydrophones, and listening sticks. It notes that these methods rely heavily on human senses and interpretation, and are susceptible to inaccuracies from external noise. The document then introduces leak noise loggers, which can be permanently or semi-permanently installed in utility holes without trenching or drilling. Noise loggers use algorithms to identify normal operational sounds and leaks, eliminating human error. While they have a high initial cost, noise loggers have low maintenance costs and can identify leaks immediately as they occur without pinpointing the exact location.

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    El-Zahab and Zayed Smart Water (2019) 4:5 Page 14 of 23

    accuracy of geophones depends highly on the proficiency and the experience of the op-
    erator, and it also might fail to detect some leak classes. Furthermore, the exact location
    of the pipeline to be assessed must be marked so that the operator would know where
    to put the device. The examination renders the area above the pipe unusable in case it
    is a street or highly utilized area. Similar to Geophones, Hydrophones try to listen to
    leaks by sometimes being placed in the system and rarely on the surface of the ground.
    Hydrophones can be more accurate than geophones in detecting leaks but they require
    more training than geophones to operate, and they are approximately seven times more
    expensive than geophones (United States Environmental Protection Agency 2009). To
    detect a leak, these devices rely on the high-frequency acoustic signals sent by the re-
    lease of pressurized fluids, to detect leak existence and leak locations. Sound frequen-
    cies are then amplified and filtered at 1 kHz using a preamplifier to remove high-
    frequency noises that are not related to the network. By measuring the time delay be-
    tween two detection instants between two given listeners the leak can be pinpointed by
    relating propagation speed within the medium with time and distance.
    Another listening approach would be the use of listening sticks which are extended
    earpieces. This approach is highly dependent on the ability of the operator to listen and
    distinguish leak sounds properly. This approach is most suited for metallic pipelines be-
    tween 75 mm and 250 mm in diameter and having preferably a pressure equal to or
    higher than 10 m or 15 psi. The accuracy of listening rods is independent of material
    type and thus it can be used in a versatile manner yet the overall hearing experience is
    deterred by the existence of external noise (Hamilton and Charalambous 2013).
    The aforementioned technologies are versatile and provide fast on-site leak detection
    in suspected areas for any type of transmission pipelines. On the other hand, they rely
    heavily on human senses and interpretation and are susceptible to inaccuracies due to
    external mechanical noise. Therefore, such models can be improved further by redu-
    cing the impact of noise using advanced signal analysis and filtering in addition to pro-
    cessing automation which eliminates the dependency on human listening and replaces
    it with computer analysis (Hamilton and Charalambous 2013).

    Leak noise loggers


    Leak Noise loggers are placed in utility holes without any trenching or drilling; they
    can be used as a permanent monitoring, semi-permanent monitoring, or leak surveying
    technique. They can be placed in networks as displayed in Fig. 11. Noise Loggers oper-
    ate by implementing sophisticated algorithms to identify the sound emitted by normal
    operations compared to that of the leak, thus identifying leaks immediately as they
    occur. Also, this technology is automatic thus eliminating human error. Noise loggers
    also have low maintenance and battery replacement cost for long-term use. This tech-
    nology has a very high initial cost for a real-time monitoring system, and it does not
    identify the exact leak location without the use of correlators (Datamatic Inc. 2008).
    A logger system is usually composed of a set of loggers that are placed throughout
    the network, a communication base that delivers collected data, and an analysis base
    that can be a desktop computer or a cloud engine using big data platforms. The main
    advantages of this system include the ability to preprogram the correlation and analysis
    which allows for faster analysis and detection and allows for conducting analysis at

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